MUDDY FEET - Auckland Regional Council

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A report prepared for Environment Waikato (an Environmental Initiatives Project) and Hauraki District <strong>Council</strong> Thames Coromandel District <strong>Council</strong> Copyright December 2004, EcoQuest Education Foundation ISBN 0-9582329-1-1 Cover Drawing of Pacific Golden Plover (Pluvialis fulva) by Keith Woodley Photo of Deb Kast and Becca Hanson (Homo sapiens) on bank of Karito Canal by Bill Brownell
Contents List of Figures List of Tables Memory of Tikapa Moana Acknowledgements Preface 1 INTRODUCTION................................................................................................. 1 1.1 Wetlands in New Zealand ............................................................................. 1 1.2 The Ramsar Convention................................................................................ 1 1.3 General Description of the Firth of Thames.................................................. 2 1.4 Catchment...................................................................................................... 8 1.5 The Firth of Thames Ramsar Site.................................................................. 8 1.6 Brief History of Hauraki Plains Reclamation Works and Drainage ............. 9 2 HYDROLOGY.................................................................................................... 13 2.1 Hauraki sediments ....................................................................................... 13 2.2 Summary of Cheatley (2000) ...................................................................... 15 3 VEGETATION.................................................................................................... 17 3.1 Miranda – Kaiaua foreshore........................................................................ 17 3.2 Survey of the foreshore between Tararu and Hot Springs Drain ................ 20 3.3 Grazing ........................................................................................................ 23 3.4 Threatened plants of Miranda...................................................................... 24 3.5 Threatened plants inside the stopbank......................................................... 25 3.6 Exotic invaders – Adventive plant species.................................................. 26 4 TERRESTRIAL INVERTEBRATES & MAMMALIAN PREDATORS.......... 31 4.1 Mammalian Predators.................................................................................. 31 4.2 Invertebrates ................................................................................................ 32 4.3 Brown Garden Snail .................................................................................... 32 4.4 Mangroves................................................................................................... 32 5 MANGROVES: THE CORNERSTONE OF A DYNAMIC COASTAL ENVIRONMENT........................................................................................................ 34 5.1 History......................................................................................................... 34 5.2 Ecology........................................................................................................ 34 5.3 Accretion of Sediments and Advancement of Mangroves.......................... 38 5.4 Karito Canal Field Studies .......................................................................... 44 5.5 Dredging in the Mangroves......................................................................... 44 5.6 Revegetation of the Spoils Area.................................................................. 49 5.7 Recovery of the Dieback Area .................................................................... 49 5.8 Effects of Frost ............................................................................................ 51 5.9 Conclusions ................................................................................................. 52 6 BIRDS OF THE MIRANDA COAST ................................................................ 54 6.1 Introduction ................................................................................................. 54 6.2 Birds of Miranda and the Firth of Thames .................................................. 54 6.3 Survey of the foreshore between Tararu and Hot Springs Drain ................ 59 6.4 Principal Waders ......................................................................................... 60
Page 1 and 2: MUDDY FEET FIRTH OF THAMES RAMSAR S
Page 3: MUDDY FEET FIRTH OF THAMES RAMSAR S
Page 7 and 8: 11.7 Current Research in the Firth
Page 9 and 10: List of Tables Table 5-1 Comparativ
Page 11 and 12: Acknowledgements This report was ma
Page 13 and 14: Preface Muddy feet. All resident an
Page 15 and 16: 1 Introduction by Ria Brejaart and
Page 17 and 18: Figure 1-1 Southern Hauraki Gulf an
Page 19 and 20: Wind and tidal currents cause a net
Page 21 and 22: Figure 1-4 continued. EcoQuest Educ
Page 23 and 24: studies, some of which use the Chen
Page 25 and 26: providing for the drainage and sett
Page 27 and 28: 2 Hydrology by Ria Brejaart, Bill B
Page 29 and 30: 2.2 Summary of Cheatley (2000) Grou
Page 31 and 32: 3 Vegetation by Peter Maddison and
Page 33 and 34: mangroves positioned between the ma
Page 35 and 36: and available habitat types for wad
Page 37 and 38: Family Asteraceae *Aster subulatus
Page 39 and 40: Though creeping musk is of widespre
Page 41 and 42: Future Work: Spartina is a recognis
Page 43 and 44: *Trifolium glomeratum - clustered c
Page 45 and 46: 4 Terrestrial Invertebrates & Mamma
Page 47 and 48: Heteronychus arator (Fabricius) - B
Page 49 and 50: The extensive mangrove community th
Page 51 and 52: establishing in areas where tempera
Page 53 and 54: It appears from our observations an
Page 55 and 56:
41 Figure -5-1 June, 1963 aerial ph
Page 57 and 58:
43 Figure -5-3: Waitakaruru River t
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45 1 Upstream view about 100m from
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47 Looking west: 1 Dredge spoils af
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49 5.6 Revegetation of the Spoils A
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51 The five field investigations of
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53 issue of proper disposal, whethe
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55 Figure 6-1 Important Sites for w
Page 71 and 72:
57 Figure 6-3 Changing habitats at
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59 • Over 1983-1994, rarer waders
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61 Thames, knots have been recorded
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63 stop-peck’. On pasture they fe
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65 6.5 Other Wader Species As in ot
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67 graze on grass and other low-gro
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69 Little black shag - Phalacrocora
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71 6.8 Terrestrial Species A few of
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73 Figure 6-4 Wader watchers: a com
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75 S. I. pied oystercatcher Torea H
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77 7 Estuarine Fish, Fisheries and
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79 firmer patches of bottom near th
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81 (between Kaiaua and Orere Point)
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83 large quantities of unwanted har
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85 Only four or five of the small b
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87 stage in the sea. These species
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89 Appendix 7.1 Fishes of the South
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91 8 Benthic Ecology Part 1 - A pre
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93 at a size that would have allowe
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95 8.3.2 Across-shore trends Simila
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97 Relative abundances m 2 30 25 20
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99 from fine silts to sandy mud in
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101 cumulative downstream effects f
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103 8.7 Study site Sampling took pl
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105 Table 8-8 Total for organisms c
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107 should be mapped :physical and
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109 including scenery, ecological s
Page 125 and 126:
111 Important resource management a
Page 127 and 128:
113 • Relevant provisions of the
Page 129 and 130:
115 Figure 9-1 Zoning map of Thames
Page 131 and 132:
117 Figure 9-2 Zoning map of Kaiaua
Page 133 and 134:
119 The decision to impose a tapu i
Page 135 and 136:
121 9.9 Discussion The coast road t
Page 137 and 138:
123 10 Raising Conservation Awarene
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125 10.2.4 Waikato Conservancy In 2
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127 • Is there a need for more ef
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129 The Kaiaua Citizens’ and Rate
Page 145 and 146:
131 • What are the causes of the
Page 147 and 148:
133 • Formation of a better pictu
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135 11.4.2 Marine farming Mussels a
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137 Five permanent sites in the upp
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139 • Uptake of nutrients by muss
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141 12 Firth of Thames Ramsar Site
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143 regard to substrates that norma
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145 The construction of the stop ba
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147 Physical (toxic chemicals, nutr
Page 163 and 164:
149 The jurisdictional boundary (be
Page 165 and 166:
151 What are the preferred food spe
Page 167 and 168:
153 How to attract a “manageable
Page 169 and 170:
155 Local involvement It was noted
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157 Sedimentation: particle size di
Page 173 and 174:
159 Melville David Ornithological S
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161 Firth toward a few species that
Page 177 and 178:
163 A clear, consistent definition
Page 179 and 180:
165 14 Bibliography By Marie Buchle
Page 181 and 182:
167 Keywords: Waihou and tributarie
Page 183 and 184:
169 Copy held and available from th
Page 185 and 186:
171 Subject: Vegetation Keywords: L
Page 187 and 188:
173 Subject: Birds, mangroves Cox,
Page 189 and 190:
175 de Lange, P.J., & Lowe, D.J. (1
Page 191 and 192:
177 Estcourt, I.N. (1976). Bibliogr
Page 193 and 194:
179 Subject: Fish Keywords: new gob
Page 195 and 196:
181 Harris, R.W. (1975). Summary of
Page 197 and 198:
183 Jillett, J.B. (1966). Plankton
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185 landform which holds valuable i
Page 201 and 202:
187 Copy held: EQ McKenzie, H.R. (1
Page 203 and 204:
189 mixed terrigenous-carbonate gra
Page 205 and 206:
191 accounts for water movement at
Page 207 and 208:
193 Pierce, R. J. (1999). Regional
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195 Subject: Benthic ecology Keywor
Page 211 and 212:
197 Subject: Birds. Record of occas
Page 213 and 214:
199 Keywords: dredge disturbance, b
Page 215 and 216:
201 Keywords: environmental managem
Page 217:
203 Zharikov, Y. & Skilleter, G.A.
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MUDDY FEET - Auckland Regional Council

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