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28 Appendix 3.1 Plants Recorded at Miranda This list is largely based on the publication Vegetation Study of the Foreshore from Miranda to Kaiaua (Merrett & Clarkson 1997). A few corrections, additions and comments are added. Key: * = non–native + = native, but planted LICHENS Parmelia sp. (Strahan 1997) Ramalina sp. (Strahan 1997) Ramalina myrioclada (Maddison 2003) Teloschistes sp. (Strahan 1997) Usnea sp. (Strahan 1997) Xanthoria sp. (Strahan 1997) Xanthoria parietina (Maddison 2003) Sub-class: ANGIOSPERMAE Group: DICOTYLEDONES Family: APIACEAE *Apium nodiflorum – water celery ? also recorded as Apium prostratum (Strahan 1997). *Daucus carota – wild carrot *Foeniculum vulgare – fennel Lilaeopsis novae-zelandiae *Torilis arvensis – spreading hedge parsley Family: ASTERACEAE *Anthemis cotula – stinking mayweed *Aster subulatus – sea aster *Bellis perennis – daisy *Bidens sp. (Strahan 1997) *Carduus tenuiflorus – winged thistle Carduus pycnocephalus - slender-winged thistle (Maddison 2003) Cichorium intybus - chicory (Maddison 2003) *Cirsium vulgare – scotch thistle *Conyza albida – fleabane Cotula coronopifolia – bachelor’s button *Crepis capillaris – hawkbeard *Hypochoeris radicata –catsear *Leontodon taraxacoides - hawkbit *+Olearia lineata – shrub daisy *+Olearia traversii – Chatham Islands shrub daisy *Picris [=Helminotheca] echioides – oxtongue Pseudognaphalium luteoalbum – Jersey cudweed *Senecio bipinnatisectus – Australian fireweed *Senecio glomeratus - fireweed *Senecio jacobaea – ragwort *Senecio vulgaris – groundsel *Sonchus asper – prickly sowthistle *Sonchus oleraceus – sowthistle *Taraxacum officinale agg. - dandelion Family: AVICENNIACEAE Avicennia marina – mangrove, manawa Family: BORAGINACEAE *Echium plantagineum – Paterson’s curse *Echium vulgare – viper’s bugloss Family: BRASSICACEAE *Capsella bursa-pastoris – shepherd’s purse *Coronopus didymus - twin cress *Lepidium africanum – peppercress *Lepidium bonariense – Argentine cress *Lepidium pseudotasmanicum – narrowleaved cress *Raphanus raphanistrum – wild radish *Sisymbrium officinale – hedge mustard Family: CARYOPHYLLACEAE *Arenaria serpyllifolia – sandwort *Cerastium glomeratum – annual mouse-ear chickweed Spergularia media – sea spurrey *Stellaria media - chickweed Family: CASUARINACEAE *+Casuarina sp. – she-oak Family: CHENOPODIACEAE *Atriplex prostrata – orache *Atriplex sp. – orache *Beta vulgaris – beet *Chenopodium pumilio – clammy goosefoot Sarcocornia quinqueflora – glasswort Suaeda novae-zelandiae –sea blite Family: CONVOLVULACEAE *Calystegia sepium – pink bindweed *Calystegia soldanella – shore bindweed Calystegia silvatica - great bindweed (Maddison 2003) Family: CRASSULACEAE *Sedum acre - stonecrop Family: EUPHORBIACEAE *Euphorbia lathyris – caper spurge *Euphorbia peplus - milkweed Family: FABACEAE *Lotus pedunculatus – lotus major *Lotus suaveolens – hairy lotus *Medicago arabica – spotted bur medick *Medicago lupulina – black medick *Medicago nigra – bur medick *Melilotus indicus – King Island melilot *Melilotus officinalis – yellow sweet clover Trifolium cernuum - drooping-flowered clover (Maddison, 2003) *Trifolium dubium – suckling clover *Trifolium fragiferum – strawberry clover EcoQuest Education Foundation EQRS/1 12/04
*Trifolium glomeratum – clustered clover *Trifolium pratense – red clover *Trifolium repens – white clover *Trifolium resupinatum – reversed clover *Trifolium scabrum – rough clover *Ulex europaeus – gorse *Vicia sp. – “vetch” Family: GENTIANACEAE *Centaurium erythraea – centaury Family: GERANIACEAE *Erodium cicutarium - storksbill *Erodium sp. – storksbill *Geranium molle – dove’s foot cranesbill *Geranium purpureum – lesser herb robert *Geranium robertianum – herb robert Family: GOODENIACEAE Selliera radicans -remuremu Family: HALORAGACEAE Haloragis erecta Family: LAMIACEAE *Mentha pulegium –pennyroyal *Prunella vulgaris – self-heal Family: LINACEAE *Linum bienne – pale flax Family: LORANTHACEAE Ileostylus micranthus – pirita, papauma Family: LYTHRACEAE *Lythrum hyssopifolia – hyssop loosestrife Family: MALVACEAE *Malva neglecta – dwarf mallow *Modiola caroliniana – creeping mallow Plagianthus divaricatus – salt marsh ribbonwood Family: MORACEAE *+Ficus carica – fig Family: MYOPORACEAE *+Myoporum insulare – Tasmanian ngaio Family: MYRTACEAE Leptospermum scoparium - manuka Family: OROBANCHACEAE *Orobanche minor – broomrape Family: PHYTOLACCACEAE *Phytolacca octandra – inkweed Family: PLANTAGINACEAE *Plantago australis – swamp plantain *Plantago coronopus – buck’s horn plantain *Plantago lanceolata – ribwort, narrow-leaved plantain *Plantago major – broad-leaved plantain Family: POLYGONACEAE Muehlenbeckia complexa – pohuehue *Polygonum aviculare – wireweed *Rumex crispus – curled dock Rumex conglomeratus - clustered dock (Maddison, 2003) Rumex obtusifolius - broad-leaved dock (Maddison, 2003) *Rumex pulcher – fiddle dock *Rumex sp. (Strahan 1997) Family: PORTULACACEAE *Portulaca oleracea – pigweed, purslane Family: PRIMULACEAE *Anagallis arvensis ssp. arvensis – scarlet pimpernel Samolus repens – sea primrose Family: RANUNCULACEAE *Ranunculus repens – creeping buttercup Family: ROSACEAE *Aphanes inexspectata – parsley piert *+Eriobotrya japonica – loquat *Rosa rubiginosa – sweet briar Family: RUBIACEAE +Coprosma x cunninghamii Coprosma propinqua – mingimingi *Galium aparine – cleavers, goosegrass *Galium divaricatum – slender bedstraw Galium propinquum – mawe *Galium sp. – bedstraw *Sherardia arvensis – field madder Family: SCROPHULARIACEAE *Linaria arvensis – Field Linaria Linaria purpurea - purple linaria (Maddison 2003) Mimulus repens –creeping musk *Parentucellia viscosa – tarweed *Verbascum virgatum – moth mullein *Veronica arvensis – field speedwell *Veronica persica – scrambling speedwell Family: TAMARICACEAE *+Tamarix sp. – tamarisk Family: VERBENACEAE *Verbena officinalis - vervain Family: VIOLACEAE +Melicytus obovatus EcoQuest Education Foundation EQRS/1 12/04 29
Page 1 and 2: MUDDY FEET FIRTH OF THAMES RAMSAR S
Page 3 and 4: MUDDY FEET FIRTH OF THAMES RAMSAR S
Page 5 and 6: Contents List of Figures List of Ta
Page 7 and 8: 11.7 Current Research in the Firth
Page 9 and 10: List of Tables Table 5-1 Comparativ
Page 11 and 12: Acknowledgements This report was ma
Page 13 and 14: Preface Muddy feet. All resident an
Page 15 and 16: 1 Introduction by Ria Brejaart and
Page 17 and 18: Figure 1-1 Southern Hauraki Gulf an
Page 19 and 20: Wind and tidal currents cause a net
Page 21 and 22: Figure 1-4 continued. EcoQuest Educ
Page 23 and 24: studies, some of which use the Chen
Page 25 and 26: providing for the drainage and sett
Page 27 and 28: 2 Hydrology by Ria Brejaart, Bill B
Page 29 and 30: 2.2 Summary of Cheatley (2000) Grou
Page 31 and 32: 3 Vegetation by Peter Maddison and
Page 33 and 34: mangroves positioned between the ma
Page 35 and 36: and available habitat types for wad
Page 37 and 38: Family Asteraceae *Aster subulatus
Page 39 and 40: Though creeping musk is of widespre
Page 41: Future Work: Spartina is a recognis
Page 45 and 46: 4 Terrestrial Invertebrates & Mamma
Page 47 and 48: Heteronychus arator (Fabricius) - B
Page 49 and 50: The extensive mangrove community th
Page 51 and 52: establishing in areas where tempera
Page 53 and 54: It appears from our observations an
Page 55 and 56: 41 Figure -5-1 June, 1963 aerial ph
Page 57 and 58: 43 Figure -5-3: Waitakaruru River t
Page 59 and 60: 45 1 Upstream view about 100m from
Page 61 and 62: 47 Looking west: 1 Dredge spoils af
Page 63 and 64: 49 5.6 Revegetation of the Spoils A
Page 65 and 66: 51 The five field investigations of
Page 67 and 68: 53 issue of proper disposal, whethe
Page 69 and 70: 55 Figure 6-1 Important Sites for w
Page 71 and 72: 57 Figure 6-3 Changing habitats at
Page 73 and 74: 59 • Over 1983-1994, rarer waders
Page 75 and 76: 61 Thames, knots have been recorded
Page 77 and 78: 63 stop-peck’. On pasture they fe
Page 79 and 80: 65 6.5 Other Wader Species As in ot
Page 81 and 82: 67 graze on grass and other low-gro
Page 83 and 84: 69 Little black shag - Phalacrocora
Page 85 and 86: 71 6.8 Terrestrial Species A few of
Page 87 and 88: 73 Figure 6-4 Wader watchers: a com
Page 89 and 90: 75 S. I. pied oystercatcher Torea H
Page 91 and 92: 77 7 Estuarine Fish, Fisheries and
Page 93 and 94:
79 firmer patches of bottom near th
Page 95 and 96:
81 (between Kaiaua and Orere Point)
Page 97 and 98:
83 large quantities of unwanted har
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85 Only four or five of the small b
Page 101 and 102:
87 stage in the sea. These species
Page 103 and 104:
89 Appendix 7.1 Fishes of the South
Page 105 and 106:
91 8 Benthic Ecology Part 1 - A pre
Page 107 and 108:
93 at a size that would have allowe
Page 109 and 110:
95 8.3.2 Across-shore trends Simila
Page 111 and 112:
97 Relative abundances m 2 30 25 20
Page 113 and 114:
99 from fine silts to sandy mud in
Page 115 and 116:
101 cumulative downstream effects f
Page 117 and 118:
103 8.7 Study site Sampling took pl
Page 119 and 120:
105 Table 8-8 Total for organisms c
Page 121 and 122:
107 should be mapped :physical and
Page 123 and 124:
109 including scenery, ecological s
Page 125 and 126:
111 Important resource management a
Page 127 and 128:
113 • Relevant provisions of the
Page 129 and 130:
115 Figure 9-1 Zoning map of Thames
Page 131 and 132:
117 Figure 9-2 Zoning map of Kaiaua
Page 133 and 134:
119 The decision to impose a tapu i
Page 135 and 136:
121 9.9 Discussion The coast road t
Page 137 and 138:
123 10 Raising Conservation Awarene
Page 139 and 140:
125 10.2.4 Waikato Conservancy In 2
Page 141 and 142:
127 • Is there a need for more ef
Page 143 and 144:
129 The Kaiaua Citizens’ and Rate
Page 145 and 146:
131 • What are the causes of the
Page 147 and 148:
133 • Formation of a better pictu
Page 149 and 150:
135 11.4.2 Marine farming Mussels a
Page 151 and 152:
137 Five permanent sites in the upp
Page 153 and 154:
139 • Uptake of nutrients by muss
Page 155 and 156:
141 12 Firth of Thames Ramsar Site
Page 157 and 158:
143 regard to substrates that norma
Page 159 and 160:
145 The construction of the stop ba
Page 161 and 162:
147 Physical (toxic chemicals, nutr
Page 163 and 164:
149 The jurisdictional boundary (be
Page 165 and 166:
151 What are the preferred food spe
Page 167 and 168:
153 How to attract a “manageable
Page 169 and 170:
155 Local involvement It was noted
Page 171 and 172:
157 Sedimentation: particle size di
Page 173 and 174:
159 Melville David Ornithological S
Page 175 and 176:
161 Firth toward a few species that
Page 177 and 178:
163 A clear, consistent definition
Page 179 and 180:
165 14 Bibliography By Marie Buchle
Page 181 and 182:
167 Keywords: Waihou and tributarie
Page 183 and 184:
169 Copy held and available from th
Page 185 and 186:
171 Subject: Vegetation Keywords: L
Page 187 and 188:
173 Subject: Birds, mangroves Cox,
Page 189 and 190:
175 de Lange, P.J., & Lowe, D.J. (1
Page 191 and 192:
177 Estcourt, I.N. (1976). Bibliogr
Page 193 and 194:
179 Subject: Fish Keywords: new gob
Page 195 and 196:
181 Harris, R.W. (1975). Summary of
Page 197 and 198:
183 Jillett, J.B. (1966). Plankton
Page 199 and 200:
185 landform which holds valuable i
Page 201 and 202:
187 Copy held: EQ McKenzie, H.R. (1
Page 203 and 204:
189 mixed terrigenous-carbonate gra
Page 205 and 206:
191 accounts for water movement at
Page 207 and 208:
193 Pierce, R. J. (1999). Regional
Page 209 and 210:
195 Subject: Benthic ecology Keywor
Page 211 and 212:
197 Subject: Birds. Record of occas
Page 213 and 214:
199 Keywords: dredge disturbance, b
Page 215 and 216:
201 Keywords: environmental managem
Page 217:
203 Zharikov, Y. & Skilleter, G.A.
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