Engineers' Guide to Pressure Equipment - Index of

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40 Engineers’ Guide to Pressure Equipment Two-piece construction Three-piece construction Typical low-pressure gas cylinder types Fig 3.13 Gas cylinders – general design arrangements
Table 3.1 Gas cylinder standard EN 1442 Gas cylinder design standard BS EN 1442: 1998 Summary Document title Transportable refillable welded steel cylinders for Liquefied Petroleum Gas (LPG) – design and construction. Materials (Section 4 of the Standard) • Shell and dished-end materials have to comply with EN 10120. • Materials for pressure-retaining parts need material certificates showing chemical analysis and mechanical properties. • Material has to be ‘identified’ so that pressure-retaining parts can be traced to their origin. Design (Section 5 of the Standard) • Internal pressure, Pc, For butane cylinders; Pc = Ptmin = 15 bar used for calculation For other LPG cylinders; Pc = Ptmin = 30 bar purposes Where Ptmin = minimum permissible test pressure (bar) • Cylindrical shell thickness, a Basic Design 41 PD c a = ⎛20 RJ o + Pc ⎞ ⎜ ⎟ ⎝ 4/3 ⎠ where D = cylinder OD (mm) R o = minimum yield strength (N/mm 2) J = 0.9 for cylinders containing a longitudinal weld or 1.0 for cylinders without a longitudinal weld The result is subject to the following restriction on minimum shell wall thickness, a min: for D < 100 mm a min = 1.1 mm for 100 mm ≤ D ≤ 150 mm a min = 1.1 + 0.008 (D–100) mm for D > 150 mm a min = (D/250) + 0.7 mm with an absolute minimum thickness of 1.5 mm • Dished-end wall thickness (b min) b min PDC c = ⎛20Ro ⎞ ⎜ + Pc ⎟ ⎝ 4/3 ⎠ Where C is a shape factor that depends on the geometry of the dished end (see Table 1 and Figs 2 and 3 of the Standard).
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Page 3 and 4: About the Author Cliff has extensiv
Page 5 and 6: Foreword During the course of my ca
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Page 19 and 20: Plant 'blocks' Units Plant systems
Page 21 and 22: CHAPTER 2 Pressure Equipment Types
Page 23 and 24: Pressure Equipment Types and Compon
Page 25 and 26: Fig. 2.2 Heat exchanger symbols. (C
Page 27 and 28: Fig. 2.4 Piping and fittings symbol
Page 29 and 30: Pressure Equipment Types and Compon
Page 31 and 32: CHAPTER 3 Basic Design 3.1 Introduc
Page 33 and 34: Basic Design 23 3.2.2 Safety first
Page 35 and 36: Basic Design 25 Fig. 3.3 Longitudin
Page 37 and 38: Basic Design 27 Solving these two e
Page 39 and 40: Basic Design 29 head are, therefore
Page 41 and 42: Basic Design 31 Section through cri
Page 43 and 44: 3.2.8 Pipes and flanges Basic Desig
Page 45 and 46: Basic Design 35 The spacing of vess
Page 47 and 48: Basic Design 37 These are low carbo
Page 49: h D 2 o [ 4 ( R+ t) ] { D ( r t o )
Page 53 and 54: Basic Design 43 • Radiographic te
Page 55 and 56: Basic Design 45 Fig. 3.16 BS EN 144
Page 57 and 58: Basic Design 47 3.5 Heat exchangers
Page 59 and 60: Basic Design 49 Fig. 3.18 Heat exch
Page 61 and 62: Basic Design 51 Sliding head and O-
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Page 65 and 66: Feed inlet Feed outlet Toroidal hea
Page 67 and 68: Basic Design 57 Table 3.4 pr EN 134
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Page 73 and 74: 64 4.5 PD 5500 Engineers’ Guide t
Page 79 and 80: 70 PED Annex 1 clause Engineers’
Page 85 and 86: 76 4.6 The ASME vessel codes 4.6.1
Page 87 and 88: 78 3 Materials • Permissible mate
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Page 93 and 94: 84 Thick cylindrical shells under i
Page 95 and 96: 86 sets of rules governing openings
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92 Engineers’ Guide to Pressure E
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94 Engineers’ Guide to Pressure E
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96 Table 4.16 Construction to ASME
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98 • Production test plates • E
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100 Engineers’ Guide to Pressure
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102 1 Boiler feed pump 2 Feed check
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110 Pressure tubes Boiler/ superhea
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CHAPTER 5 Manufacture, QA, Inspecti
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Manufacture, QA, Inspection, and Te
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These are relevant mainly to gas cy
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Fig. 5.3 Vessel misalignment and di
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So: Manufacture, QA, Inspection, an
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5.4.4 Vacuum leak testing Vacuum te
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Standard code ASTM Material Yield k
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162 90° long radius elbow Engineer
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164 System Unit Job Engineers’ Gu
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CHAPTER 7 Boilers and HRSGs Boilers
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Boilers and HRSGs 169 Figures 7.2 a
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Kg/cm 2 x 0.09807 x 14.223 Boilers
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Boilers and HRSGs 173 The critical
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Boilers and HRSGs 175 Low-pressure
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Boilers and HRSGs 177 Table 7.2 Typ
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Boilers and HRSGs 179 operated type
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Boilers and HRSGs 181 • Shrink is
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7.2.4 HRSG materials Table 7.3 show
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321 ASTM A240, Wk 1.4541, 18/8/Ti,
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CHAPTER 9 Welding and NDT 9.1 Weld
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Welding and NDT 197 Fig. 9.2 Weld p
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Welding and NDT 199 Fig. 9.3 BS wel
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Welding and NDT 201 Fig. 9.5 MMA we
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Welding and NDT 203 Fig. 9.9 FCA we
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ange of approval involved. The prin
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Welding and NDT 207 Fig. 9.13 Tensi
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9.5 Non-destructive testing (NDT) t
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Welding and NDT 211 Fig. 9.16 Dye p
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Defects are classified into: •
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Welding and NDT 215 pressures equip
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Welding and NDT 217 Fig. 9.20 Ultra
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9.5.5 Radiographic testing (RT) Wel
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Welding and NDT 221 A single-wall X
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9.6 NDT acronyms Welding and NDT 22
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Welding and NDT 225 WFMPI Wet Fluor
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Welding and NDT 227 ASME VIII Radio
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CHAPTER 10 Failure 10.1 How pressur
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10.1.2 Multi-axis stress states Fai
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Failure 233 Stresses in engineering
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Failure 235 where: Sw(b) = fatigue
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Failure 237 What is a typical creep
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Incomplete tin coating Failure 239
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Deposit of Fe (OH)3 Oxygen OH - Cat
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Pitting corrosion Stress corrosion
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Failure 245 Cathode In a corrosion
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Failure 247 Graphitization A metall
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CHAPTER 11 Pressure Equipment: Dire
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Pressure Equipment: Directives and
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Standardization body Pressure Equip
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• The approach Unlike the PED, th
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Determine fluid group (Page 7) Tabl
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334 TUV TUV (UK) Ltd Surrey House S
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Pressure [kPa] Temp. [°C] Specific
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31.19 70 0.0010228 5.0409772 5.042
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APPENDIX 2 Some European Notified B
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0045 TÜV Nord EV Grosse Bahnstrass
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0686 Zentrallabor der TOS E V - Zer
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Lloyd's Register Of Shipping 29 Wel
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APPENDIX 3 Standards and Directives
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Flanges and their joints - Circular
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Flanges and their joints - Gaskets
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Metallic industrial piping - Part 1
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Industrial valves - End-to-end and
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Shell boilers - Part 2: Materials f
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Water-tube boilers and auxiliary in
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Technical delivery conditions for s
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Subject Work item ID Butt welding p
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Non-destructive testing of steel tu
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Non-destructive testing of steel tu
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Pipework - Corrugated flexible meta
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Steel tubes, fittings and structura
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Flat products made of steels for pr
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Cold formed welded structural hollo
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Subject Work item ID Pressure regul
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Index Index Terms Links A ASME A st
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Index Terms Links C Canadian standa
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Index Terms Links Deaerator, contac
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Index Terms Links Fatigue (Continue
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Index Terms Links Internal energy 3
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Index Terms Links P Pads 33 PD 5500
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Index Terms Links R Radiographic te
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Index Terms Links Steel: alloy 185
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Index Terms Links Ultrasonic testin
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