Guide to International Human Rights Mechanisms - Brookings

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Go To Part I II III IV V Overview of Internal Displacement laborative approach” or “collaborative response” in which all cooperate to provide assistance and protection to IDPs. As a result, a number of agencies and organizations, inside and outside of the UN, have roles to play, particularly in situations of armed conflict. Agencies such as the World Food Program (WFP), the Food and Agricultural Organization (FAO), the United Nations Development Programme (UNDP) and UN Settlements Programme (UN HABITAT) look primarily to survival and livelihood needs. The World Health Organization (WHO) and UN Population Fund (UNFPA) focus on health-related interventions, while the United Nations Children’s Fund (UNICEF) frequently seeks to address water and sanitation needs in situations of mass displacement. UNICEF also provides a number of services for children, in particular with regard to education. Outside the UN, the Red Cross movement and a large number of humanitarian NGOs are also involved in these activities. The International Organization for Migration (IOM), an inter-governmental organization outside the UN system, plays an important and varied role in IDP situations, particularly in assisting returns. Several international agencies and organizations have traditionally considered themselves to have some role in advocacy for IDP protection. These include the United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees (UNHCR), UNICEF (with regard to displaced children), the Office of the High Commissioner for Human Rights (OHCHR – discussed in greater detail at page 115), the Office for the Coordination of Humanitarian Affairs (OCHA) which has a dedicated “Inter-Agency Internal Displacement Division,” and, outside the UN system, the International Committee of the Red Cross (ICRC – described in greater detail at page 142), as well as a growing number of international NGOs. Because the collaborative approach has frequently left gaps in the coverage of IDPs’ needs, United Nations agencies agreed in 2005 to pilot a new “cluster approach,” in which individual agencies take a leading role in coordinating the activities of all interested agencies in certain specific “sectors.” UNHCR agreed to take the lead on clusters dedicated to protection, camp management and emergency shelter for persons internally displaced in conflict situations. Other clusters (covering both displaced and non-displaced populations) include nutrition, water and sanitation, logistics, telecommunications, and early recovery. As of the date of writing, discussion is ongoing about the creation of clusters for protection, camp management and shelter in non-conflict disasters. Although many international humanitarian agencies and organizations are not necessarily focused on direct advocacy for the rights of IDPs, their mere presence can sometimes provide a measure of protection from some of the worst abuses in times of war. Certainly, IDPs and their advocates should consider seeking the assistance of those agencies concerned with advocacy where they are active in their countries in addition to seeking relief from the international human rights mechanisms compiled in this guide. Assuming the new cluster approach is fully implemented, contacting UNHCR might become a convenient first contact point for IDPs seeking to identify an advocacy agency in their area. Guide to International Human Rights Mechanisms for Internally Displaced Persons and their Advocates 10
Go To Part I II III IV V FOR.MORE.INFORMATION Overview of Internal Displacement Roberta Cohen and Francis Deng, Masses in Flight (Brookings Institution, 1998). Walter Kälin, Guiding Principles on Internal Displacement: Annotations (American Society of International Law & Brookings Institution, 1998) (available at www.asil.org/pdfs/study_32.pdf ). No Refuge: The Challenge of Internal Displacement (UN Office for the Coordination of Humanitarian Affairs, 2003). United Nations Inter-Agency Standing Committee, Implementing the Collaborative Response to Situations of Internal Displacement: Guidance for United Nations Humanitarian and/or Resident Coordinators and Country Teams (September 2004). Protecting and assisting the internally displaced: the way forward, Forced Migration Review, Special Supplement, October 2005: www.fmreview.org/mags1.htm. Website of the Brookings Institution-University of Bern Project on Internal Displacement: www. brookings.edu/idp. Norwegian Refugee Council’s Internal Displacement Monitoring Centre: www.internal-displacement.org. Website of the Office for the Coordination of Humanitarian Affairs Internal Displacement Division: www.reliefweb.int/idp. Guide to International Human Rights Mechanisms for Internally Displaced Persons and their Advocates 11
Page 1 and 2: The Brookings insTiTuTion - univers
Page 3 and 4: aBouT The auThor David fisher is a
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