Guide to International Human Rights Mechanisms - Brookings

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Go To Part I II III IV V Indigenous Peoples (page 100) • Independent Expert on Minority Issues (page 102) • Sub-Commission on the Promotion and Protection of Human Rights Working Group on Indigenous Peoples (page 54) at the regional level • Special Rapporteur of the Inter-American Commission on Human Rights on Persons of African Descent and Racial Discrimination (page 177) • Advisory Committee of the Framework Convention for the Protection on National Minorities (page 192) • Organization for Security and Cooperation in Europe High Commissioner on National Minorities (page 210) HUMAN.RIGHTS.DEFENDERS “Human rights defenders” are persons who advocate for the human rights of others – whether professionally, as lawyers, journalists or representatives of NGOs, or simply out of personal initiative. IDPs who advocate for the rights of their fellow displaced can be considered human rights defenders as well. Human rights defenders are frequently subject to reprisal and therefore have been the object of special attention by the international community. at the universal level • Special Representative of the United Nations Secretary-General on Human Rights Defenders (page 102) at the regional level • Special Rapporteur of the African Commission on Human and Peoples’ Rights on Human Rights Defenders (page 163) Particular Countries Thematic Roadmap The predecessor to the Human Rights Council, the Commission on Human Rights, approved countryspecific rapporteurs or experts for Belarus, Burundi, Cambodia, Cuba, Democratic People’s Republic of Korea, the Democratic Republic of the Congo, Haiti, Liberia, Myanmar, the Palestinian Territories, Somalia, Sudan and Uzbekistan (page 56). These rapporteurs and experts can address any of the rights issues described in this section for the states they cover; however, few regularly take up individual cases. Guide to International Human Rights Mechanisms for Internally Displaced Persons and their Advocates 2
Go To Part I II III IV V Non-State Actors Thematic Roadmap Most of the mechanisms described in this guide confine themselves to addressing the acts and omissions of governments. However, the conduct of non-state actors, such as individuals, corporations, and insurgent groups, can come within the competence of those mechanisms if government actors either acquiesced in them or failed to take reasonable steps to prevent them. Thus, for example, a mechanism such as the Human Rights Committee (page 120) could be addressed for an individual rape if it were carried out by a member of a paramilitary group acting on behalf of a government, or if a government failed to enact and/or implement a law prohibiting rape. Some mechanisms, moreover, will directly address non-state actors in their advocacy. For example, the Representative of the United Nations Secretary-General on the Human Rights of Internally Displaced Persons (page 60) promotes compliance with the Guiding Principles on Internal Displacement by all actors, including insurgent groups. The International Committee of the Red Cross (page 142) maintains a dialogue with all parties to armed conflicts. The International Criminal Court (page 144) is empowered to adjudicate charges of war crimes, crimes against humanity and genocide brought against individuals. Likewise, the complaints mechanisms of the World Bank (page 147), Inter- American Development Bank (page 181), Asian Development Bank (page 184) and European Bank for Reconstruction and Development (page 201) address their own acts and omissions. Cross-cutting Types of Human Rights Violations LARGE-SCALE.VIOLATIONS.OF.HUMAN.RIGHTS Several of the mechanisms in this guide are particularly focused on large-scale violations of human rights, such as mass displacements, mass killings, failure to provide food, shelter, or rehabilitation for displaced populations, or other abuses against large groups of people. The 1503 procedure (page 51) and the Commission on the Status of Women’s complaint procedure (page 112) fall into this category. Large-scale attacks and other abuses of civilians, including massive displacement, may amount to genocide, crimes against humanity or war crimes under the jurisdiction of the International Criminal Court (page 144). Both the existence of and the potential for genocide are of interest to the Secretary-General’s Special Advisor on the Prevention of Genocide (page 116). UNESCO (page 139), while normally addressing only individual claims through its Committee on Conventions and Recommendations, is also empowered to address massive violations of the rights with which it is concerned in its General Conference. Guide to International Human Rights Mechanisms for Internally Displaced Persons and their Advocates 2
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Guide to International Human Rights Mechanisms - Brookings

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