Full Journal - Pasos

100 Repositioning of Barcelona’s Image in the Light of a Redefinition of the Urban Tourism Planning Model
the literature that might have served as a guide.
The second relates to the make-up of the sample
of internal players. The sample takes account
of the size of each group but not on the impact
of each on the city’s management. The third is
linked to the reliability of Delphi Studies. Despite
all the precautions taken in the two rounds,
the results reflect a group’s opinions on a subject
at a given point in time. In later studies,
we shall tackle the first limitation by building
a testable construct. The second limitation will
be addressed by tweaking our sample to reflect
the social impact each group has on urban and
tourism planning. There is little we can do to
overcome the third limitation yet the method
remains a valuable research despite it.
Bibliography
Alberti, M., Marzluff, J.M., Shulenberger, E.,
Bradley, G., Ryan, C. Zumbrunnen, C.
2003 “Integrating Humans into Ecology: Opportunities
and Challenges for Studying Urban
Ecosystems”. BioScience, (53): 1169-1179.
Bañegil, T.M., Sanguino, R.
2008 Estrategia basada en el conocimiento y
competitividad de ciudades: análisis empírico
en las corporaciones locales españolas”.
Revista Europea de Dirección y Economia de
la Empresa, 17(4): 85-94.
Bariol, B
2010 “El Marco de Referencia de la Ciudad Europea
Sostenible”. En Urban sustainability and
integrated urban regeneration in Europe, policies,
programmes and best practices. Sepes
Boix, J.
2007 “Knowledge externalities and networks
of cities in creative metropolis: the case of
metropolitan region of Barcelona”. En Congress
of the European Regional Science Association,
8/2007
Buhalis, D.
2000 “Marketing the competitive destinations
in the future”, Tourism Management, 21(1):
97-116
Camargni, R.
2003 “On the concept of territorial competitiveness:
sound or misleading?” Urban Studies,
(39): 2395-411
Camisón, C., Boronat, M., Villar, A.
2010 “Estructuras organizativas, estrategias
competitivas y ventajas estratégicas de las
pyme”. Economía Industrial, (375): 89-100
Carlino, G.A., Saiz, A.
2008 “Beautiful City”. Working Paper. Research
Department, Federal Reserve Bank of Philadelphia,
8 (22).
Castells, M.
2000 “Prologue: The Net and the Self”, In The
Rise of Network Society, 2.ª ed. Malden:
Backwell Publishers Ltd., p. 1-25.
Dunne, G., Flanagan, S., Buckley, J.
2007 “City break motivation: the case of Dublin
a successful national capital”. Travel and
Tourism Marketing, 22 (3/4): 95-107.
Dwyer, L., Kim, C.W.
2003 “Destination competitiveness: A model and
indicators”. Current Issues in Tourism, (6/5):
369-414.
ETC-WTO
2005 “City tourism & Culture, The European
Experience”. European Travel Commission.
ETC Research Report, (1).
Harloe, M.
1977 Captive Cities, Studies in the Political Economy
of Cities and Regions. London, Jhon
Wiley & Sons.
Ingurumena
2003 “Criterios de sostenibilidad aplicables al
planeamiento urbano”. Serie Programa Marco
Ambiental, (22). Departamento Ordenación
del Territorio y Medio Ambiente, Gobierno
Vasco
Krugman, P.
1996 “Making Sense of the Competitiveness
Debate”. Oxford Review of. Economic Policy,
Oxford University Press, 12 (3): 17-25.
Leitner, H., Sheppard, E.
1998 “Economic uncertainty, inter -urban competition
and the efficacy of entrepreneurialism”.
In The entrepreneurial city: Geographies
of politics, regime and representation.
T. Hall & P. Hubbard (Eds.). (p. 285 -307).
Chichester: Wiley.
Martin, R.
2006 “Economic Geography and the New Discourse
of Regional Competitiveness”. In Past,
Present and Future of Economic Geography.
Bagchi-Sen. S. and Lawton Smith, H. (Eds.).
(p. 159-172). Routledge.
Muniz, I., Galindo, A.
2005 “Urban form and the ecological footprint of
commuting. The case of Barcelona”. Ecological
Economics, 55 (4): 499-514
Nova, G.
2005 Análisis y precisiones en torno al concepto
de turismo urbano y determinación del
tamaño muestral e instrumento de investigación
para la prueba del modelo propuesto.
Valencia: Business Management Department
‘Juan José Bernal Piqueras’, Economics
Faculty, Universitat de Valencia.
PASOS. Revista de Turismo y Patrimonio Cultural, 11(1). 2013 ISSN 1695-7121