Estudio del mercado avícola - Unctad XI

The investigation results indicate preliminarily that the operation of the trade unions in the transportmarket restrict competition since:A) Negotiate rates for its members that include both individual transport operatorsand transport firms restricting competition among themB) Establish zones for the operation of transport firms restricting competition amongtransport agents in different zones of the countryC) Press firms to allow a given cargo proportion to its affiliates when the demandingfirms own it own transport.D) Regarding international cargo the trade unions have the control for upload anddownload of cargo imposing the firms to contract such service with the unions.The study concludes that in order to increase economic growth, employment and consumer welfareprotection of the competition process should be one of a fundamental public policies of the state.However, the laws should be applied in a framework of legal certainty avoiding discretionalauthority decisions. Also conclusions are provided regarding public policies, transparency andefficiency in in distributions channels. Finally the implications of the investigation results forcompetition in the land cargo transport are analyzed.Public policiesThe e state through public policies has a fundamental role in the establishment o competitivemarkets since the protection of the competition process is a matter of public interest for the benefitsthat reports to the consumer welfare and for the efficient allocation of resources.For sectors where important asymmetries exist it is considered that the state should implementpublic policies for aid and temporal subsidies properly focused to support production of goods andservices that will allow establishing a loyal competition before established firms.On the other hand subsidy consisting in a drawback mechanism equivalent of taxes paid due to LawNo. 112-00 and that corresponding to the Law of Ley de Rectificación Tributaria No. 495 areconsidered discriminatory and against competition since its benefits are applicable only to unionizedtransports.The State should play an active role in the difusion of technological progress to facilitate access to agreater number of firms to moderns systems of production of goods and services, to reduce barriersto entry to the market. These barriers exist in multiple aspectos such high costs, communicationthrough internet, high software costs among others.Market transparencyIn the case of land cargo transport, technological advances are manifested through more efficienttransport equipment regarding fuel consumption and safety systems among others that mark asubstantial difference in competition and the state should play an active role to facilitate the vehiclefleet modernization for a larger number of firms.Benefits of transparency for the market of land cargo are very important since the control ofFenatrado over operations base don market division has limited in a significant way the possibilityto compare tariffs through the internet. The latter implies that each firm should initiate a negotiation10