What it is - International Maritime Organization

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MARITIME SECURITY Maritime security issues first came to prominence on the IMO agenda following the hijacking of the Italian cruise ship Achille Lauro, in October 1985. IMO adopted a resolution on Measures to Prevent unlawful acts which threaten the safety of ships and the security of their passengers and crews and in 1986, issued the Guidance on measures to prevent unlawful acts against passengers and crew on board ships. In March 1988, the Convention for the Suppression of Unlawful Acts against the Safety of Maritime Navigation (the SUA Convention) was adopted, with a protocol extending its requirements to unlawful acts against fixed platforms located on the Continental Shelf. Both were updated and revised in 2005. In the light of terrorist atrocities around the world, several of which have been aimed at transport infrastructures, IMO adopted a comprehensive set of maritime security measures in 2002, which came into force in July 2004. The most important and far reaching of these is the International Ship and Port Facility Security Code (ISPS Code). Among its requirements are that Governments should undertake risk assessments to establish the level of security threat in their ports and that both ships and ports should appoint dedicated security officers and have formal security plans drawn up and approved by their Governments. IMO has adopted other maritime security instruments including recommendations on security measures for passenger ferries on international voyages shorter than 24 h, and on security measures for ports; guidelines on the allocation of responsibilities to seek the successful resolution of stowaway cases, and guidelines for the prevention and suppression of the smuggling of drugs, psychotropic substances and precursor chemicals on ships engaged in international maritime traffic. Piracy and armed robbery against ships The problem of increasing acts of piracy and armed robbery against ships was first raised at IMO in the early 1980s. In the late 1990s, IMO initiated an antipiracy project, with the aim of fostering the development of regional agreements on implementation of counter-piracy measures. The Regional Co-operation Agreement on Combating Piracy and Armed Robbery against ships in Asia (RECAAP), which was concluded in November 2004 by 16 countries in Asia, and includes the RECAAP Information Sharing Centre (ISC) for facilitating the sharing of piracy-related information, is a good example of successful regional co-operation which IMO seeks to replicate elsewhere. www.imo.org 7
States on measures to prevent and mitigate Somalia-based piracy; and interim guidance to private maritime security companies providing privately contracted armed security personnel on board ships in the High Risk Area. Today, high-risk areas for piracy include the seas off Somalia and in the Gulf of Aden. Off the west coast of Africa, including the Gulf of Guinea, is another area of concern. Guidance to Governments and to shipowners and ship operators, shipmasters and crews on preventing and suppressing acts of piracy and armed robbery against ships was first issued in the 1990s and this guidance has been kept updated and revised. More recently, guidance has been issued on piracy and armed robbery against ships in waters off the coast of Somalia. IMO has also developed and issued interim guidance to shipowners, ship operators and shipmasters on the use of privately-contracted armed security personnel on board ships in the High Risk Area; guidance for flag In 2009, an important regional agreement was adopted in Djibouti by States in the region, at a high-level meeting convened by IMO. The Djibouti Code of Conduct concerning the repression of piracy and armed robbery against ships in the Western Indian Ocean and the Gulf of Aden recognizes the extent of the problem of piracy and armed robbery against ships in the region and, in it, the signatories declare their intention to co-operate to the fullest possible extent, and in a manner consistent with international law, in the repression of piracy and armed robbery against ships. A dedicated Project Implementation Unit has developed a detailed implementation plan, funded primarily through the IMO Djibouti Code Trust Fund, in co-operation with the 20 signatory States to the Djibouti Code of Conduct. Signatories to the Djibouti Code of Conduct undertake to co-operate in a variety of activities, including: • the investigation, arrest and prosecution of persons reasonably suspected of having committed acts of piracy and armed robbery against ships, including those inciting or intentionally facilitating such acts; 8 What it is
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What it is - International Maritime Organization

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