irine gociriZe biosamedicino inJineria
irine gociriZe biosamedicino inJineria
irine gociriZe biosamedicino inJineria
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eleqtrodebis<br />
mimarTebaSi.<br />
potencials zomaven am standartul eleqtrodTan<br />
cxrilSi 2.1 moyvanilia ramodenime tipis liToni da maTi<br />
standartuli eleqtroduli potenciali, romlebic gamoiyeneba<br />
eleqtrodebis dasamzadeblad da agreTve naCvenebia Sesabamisi JangvaaRdgeniTi<br />
reaqcia romelic mimdinareobs am liTonebis zedapirze.<br />
wyalbadis eleqtrodze mimdinareobs Semdegi reaqcia:<br />
H ↔ 2 H ↔ 2í + + 2e -<br />
(2.2)<br />
aq H2 aRniSnavs gazwarmomqmnel wyalbads. es gazi warmoadgens<br />
atomuri wyalbadis molekulis wyaros. platina aris katalizatori.<br />
zemoT ganvixileT eleqtroduli potencialis is SemTxvevebi,<br />
rodesac eleqtrodebsa da eleqtrolitebs Soris ar gadis eleqtruli<br />
deni. aseT potencials ewodeba wonasworuli eleqtroduli potenciali.<br />
Tu eleqtrodebis wyvils Soris gavatarebT dens gasazomi potenciali<br />
sagrZnoblad Seicvleba. es gansxvaveba gamowveulia eleqtrodebis<br />
polarizaciiT. sxvaobas eleqtrodebis potencials Soris, romelSic gadis<br />
eleqtruli deni da amave eleqtrodis wonasworuli potencials Soris<br />
ewodeba eleqtrodebis gadaZabva. gadaZabvebi iyofa meqanizmebis mixedviT<br />
sam saxeobad: omuri, koncentraciuli da aqtivaciuri.<br />
omuri gadaZabva aris pirdapiri Sedegi eleqtrodis omuri winaRobis.<br />
koncentraciuli gadaZabva aRiZvreba eleqtrolitSi ionebis ganawilebis<br />
Secvlisas massa da eleqtrodis Sexebis sazRvarTan.<br />
mesame meqanizmi polarizaciisa aris aqtivaciuri gadaZabva. muxtis<br />
gadatanis procesi Jangva-aRdgeniTi reaqciisas (2.1) ar warmoadgens<br />
bolomde Seuqcevd reaqcias. liTonis atomebi rom davJangoT kaTionamde,<br />
romelic SesaZloa gadavides xsnarSi, aucileblad unda gadavlaxoT<br />
energetikuli<br />
mimarTulebaze.<br />
barieri. Aam barieris done damokidebulia denis<br />
polarizaciis samive meqanizmi aris aditiuri. amrigad, eleqtrodis<br />
mTliani gadaZabva ganisazRvreba formuliT:<br />
Vp=Vr+Vc+Va (2.3)<br />
VP = eleqtrodis gadaZabvis mTliani polarizacia,<br />
Vr = omuri gadaZabva<br />
Vc = koncentraciuli gadaZabva<br />
Va = aqtivaciuri gadaZabva<br />
Tu ori eleqtroliti erT da imave ionis sxvadasxva koncentraciT<br />
gayofilia membraniT, romelic SeRwevadia mxolod am ionebisTvis, mis<br />
membranaze warmoiqmneba potencialTa sxvaoba. es potenciali aRiwereba<br />
nernstis gantolebiT:<br />
RT ⎛ a1<br />
E = − ln ⎜<br />
nF ⎝ a2<br />
⎞<br />
⎟<br />
⎠<br />
(2.4)<br />
sadac warmoadgens ionis aqtiurobas garsis orive mxares.<br />
a<br />
a1 1<br />
26
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