You also want an ePaper? Increase the reach of your titles
YUMPU automatically turns print PDFs into web optimized ePapers that Google loves.
<strong>ISBN</strong> <strong>978</strong>-<strong>9941</strong>-0-<strong>3353</strong>-7
andro torotaZe<br />
ieso nazareveli, Ze kacisa<br />
(biografiisaTvis)<br />
wigni gamosacemad moamzada sagamomcemlo saxlma<br />
`torotaZe~
sarCevi<br />
winasityvaoba ...................................................................... 5<br />
ramdenime mosazreba iesos gamzrdelis ioseb<br />
nazarevelisa da misi ojaxis Sesaxeb................................ 7<br />
ramdenime mosazreba iesos dabadebis TariRisa da<br />
adgilis Sesaxeb .................................................................23<br />
ramdenime mosazreba iesos jvarcmisa da pontius<br />
pilates rolis Sesaxeb .....................................................41<br />
ramdenime mosazreba ioseb arimaTielisa da iesos<br />
aRdgomis Sesaxeb ...............................................................54<br />
sagamomcemlo saxli `torotaZe~ ....................................81<br />
4
winasityvaoba<br />
saerTo aRiarebiT, axali aRTqma ar warmoadgens is-<br />
toriul dokuments da, amdenad, misgan Znelia ieso naza-<br />
revelis cxovrebis Sesaxeb utyuari biografiuli cno-<br />
bebis mopoveba. miuxedavad amisa, Cven SevecadeT axal<br />
aRTqmaSi arsebuli mwiri informaciis safuZvelze Tavi<br />
mogveyara Cveni mosazrebebisaTvis iesos cxovrebis ama<br />
Tu im epizodTan dakavSirebiT.<br />
xazgasmiT unda aRvniSnoT, rom Cvens mier gamoTqmuli<br />
mosazrebebi Tavisi SinaarsiT istoriuli kvlevis kat-<br />
egorias ganekuTvneba da darwmunebuli varT, rom mkiTx-<br />
velic Seafasebs mas, rogorc mcired istoriul Ziebas.<br />
aqve imasac davamatebT, rom Cven ar varT pionerebi ms-<br />
gavsi xasiaTis kvlevaSi, Tumca qarTul enaze aseTi Si-<br />
naarsis istoriuli Ziebani ver movipoveT.<br />
ilustraciebad gamoyenebuli suraTebi, ra Tqma unda,<br />
pirobiTi xasiaTisaa.<br />
5<br />
avtori
amdenime mosazreba iesos gamzrdelis ioseb<br />
nazarevelisa da misi ojaxis Sesaxeb<br />
saxarebidan cnobilia, rom nazareTis sinagogaSi adgilo-<br />
brivi mcxovrebni, iesos axal swavlebas rom ismenen, erTma-<br />
neTs gakvirvebulni ekiTxebian iesos Sesaxeb. ukvirT, Tu vin<br />
misca mas, xuros Svils, qadagebis ufleba. „gana xuros Svili<br />
ar aris? da gana dedamiss ar hqvia mariami, xolo mis Zmebs ia-<br />
kobi da iose, simoni da iuda?“ (maTe, XIII. 55) „da gana CvenTan<br />
ar arian misi debi?“ (maTe, XIII. 56). nazarevelTa am msjelo-<br />
baSi sainteresoa is, rom isini axseneben iesos da_Zmebs. bune-<br />
brivad Cndeba kiTxva, vin arian „misi Zmebi“, iakobi da iose,<br />
simoni da iuda? vin arian „misi debi“ (savaraudod, mariami da<br />
solomonia)? ra genealogiuri kavSiria maTsa da iesos Soris?<br />
nazarevelTa monayolis mixedviT faqtia, rom isini iosebis da<br />
mariamis ojaxis wevrebad iTvlebian. visi Svilebi arian isini?<br />
rogor gagrZelda maTi cxovreba iesos gardacvalebis Semdeg?<br />
axali aRTqma iosebsa da mariamze da maT mravalSvil-<br />
ian ojaxze Zalian mwir informacias gvawvdis (markozi, VI. 3);<br />
(luka, IV. 22). Cven SevecdebiT ramdenime mosazreba gamovTqvaT<br />
maTi ojaxisa da cxovrebis Sesaxeb.<br />
cnobilia, rom ieso 12 wlis iyo, iosebma da mariamma ieru-<br />
salimSi rom waiyvanes salocavad (luka, II. 42) da 30 wlis iyo,<br />
roca ioanem iordaneSi ganaTla (luka, III. 23). Cveni azriT,<br />
iesos iordaneSi ganaTvlis momentisTvis iosebi 1_2 wlis gar-<br />
dacvlili unda yofiliyo, miuxedavad imisa, rom im droisT-<br />
vis, roca iesom qadageba daiwyo, iosebs awmyo droSi moixse-<br />
nieben (ioane, IV. 42). iosebis awmyoSi moxsenieba swored axlo<br />
warsulSi mis gardacvalebaze unda metyvelebdes. iosebis am<br />
periodSi gardacvalebaze mianiSnebs is, rom iesos xalxSi gasv-<br />
lamde da qadagebis dawyebamde (ioane, II. 4) ramdenime xniT adre<br />
7
8<br />
igi, iosebi, kanaSi qorwilSi ar<br />
aris miwveul stumrebs Soris.<br />
„qorwili iyo galileas kanaSi<br />
da iyo iq iesos deda“ (ioane, II.<br />
1). „qorwilSi miwveuli iyvnen<br />
iesoc da misi mowafeebic“ (io-<br />
ane, II. 2) da „Zmebi misi“ (ioane,<br />
II. 1, 2). mariami qmris, iosebis,<br />
gareSea misuli stumrad, sa-<br />
varaudod, imitom, rom qmari<br />
gardacvlili hyavda. iosebi<br />
cocxali rom yofiliyo, Zneli<br />
warmosadgenia, rom ebraul<br />
tradiciebze aRzrdili mari-<br />
iosebi<br />
ami qmris gareSe wasuliyo qorwilSi,<br />
an avadmyofi iosebi Sin daetovebina da marto wasu-<br />
liyo qorwilSi stumrad. miTumetes, rom qorwili kanaSi iyo<br />
da ara nazareTSi. dabrZenebuli, xanSiSesuli iosebi stumrebs<br />
Soris rom yofiliyo, gverwmuneT, aravis gamorCeboda, iseve<br />
rogorc ar gamorCeniaT misi xseneba maSin, roca 12 wlis iesos<br />
ierusalimSi axlda.<br />
iosebis amave periodSi gardacvalebaze unda metyveleb-<br />
des isic, rom misi ojaxi (yovel SemTxvevaSi, nawili mainc)<br />
nazareTidan kapernaumSi gadasaxlda (markozi, II. 1); (luka, VII.<br />
1); (ioane, II. 12). aseTi tipis movlenebi _ ojaxisa da qonebis<br />
gayofa da migracia _ ojaxSi momxdari radikaluri cvlile-<br />
bebis da (an) socialuri problemis mizeziT Tu moxdeboda.Ta-<br />
vis sicocxleSi iosebi mamis avtoritetiTa da darbaislobiT<br />
kravda da aerTianebda ojaxs, xolo misi sikvdili sakmarisi<br />
mizezi gaxda ojaxisa da qonebis gayofisaTvis _ ris gamoc<br />
mariami, ieso da „misi Zmebi“ nazareTidan calke gadasaxldnen
kapernaumSi. swored kapernaumidan iwyebs ieso xalxSi gasvlas<br />
da qadagebas (ioane, II. 12).<br />
iosebis socialuri wris mamakacis sicocxlis saSualo xan-<br />
grZlivoba imxanad 60 wels ar aRemateboda. amitom SegviZlia<br />
solomonia, iosebis pirveli<br />
iesos dabadebis momentisTvis):<br />
iosebis asaki<br />
iesos dabadebis<br />
momentSi<br />
iosebisa<br />
da iesos<br />
Tanacxovrebis<br />
periodi<br />
iosebis<br />
asaki iesos<br />
dabadebis<br />
momentSi<br />
coli<br />
=<br />
+<br />
+<br />
iosebisa da iesos<br />
Tanacxovrebis periodi<br />
iesos iosebis gareSe<br />
cxovrebis periodi<br />
iesos iosebis<br />
gareSe<br />
cxovrebis<br />
periodi<br />
+<br />
vivaraudoT, rom iosebma,<br />
romelmac sicocxlis meti<br />
wili nazareTSi gaatara,<br />
swored amdeni xani icocxla<br />
da bunebrivi sikvdiliT<br />
gardaicvala. nazareTis<br />
sinagogaSi misi awmyo droSi<br />
moxsenieba swored iosebis<br />
mier nazareTSi gatare-<br />
bul wlebze da xanSiSesul<br />
asakze unda mianiSnebdes.<br />
9<br />
axla SevecdebiT mcire<br />
ariTmetikuli gaTvlebiT<br />
davadginoT iosebis asaki<br />
mis mier mariamis colad<br />
SerTvis momentisTvis (anu<br />
=<br />
=<br />
iosebis gardacvalebis<br />
asaki<br />
iosebis gardacvalebis<br />
asaki<br />
iesos gardacvalebis<br />
asaki<br />
_<br />
iesos<br />
gardacvalebis<br />
asaki<br />
sayovelTao aRiarebiT, ieso jvarze 33 wlis asakSi gar
daicvala. rogorc ukve aRvniSneT, iesos iosebis gareSe<br />
cxovrebis periodi aris minimum 33_[30_(1~2)]=4~5 weli da<br />
maqsimum 33_12=21 weli.<br />
yovelive amis gaTvaliswinebiT miviRebT, rom iosebis asaki<br />
iesos dabadebis momentisTvis unda yofiliyo 31_32 an 48_50<br />
weli. 48_50 wlis iosebi, miTumetes profesiis mqone (xuro), am<br />
asakSi ucolo ar iqneboda. im periodis iudeaSi colis SerT-<br />
vis saSualo asaki mamakacebisaTvis 18_20 weli iyo da, savarau-<br />
simoni, iesos naxevarZma<br />
dod, iosebs colic eyoleboda<br />
da daojaxebuli Svilebic. iqneb<br />
iosebi am droisaTvis daqvrivda<br />
da qvrivma meore colis SerTva<br />
gadawyvita? es azri nakleb sar-<br />
wmunod gveCveneba, radgan Tu<br />
iosebis gaTxovili qaliSvilebi<br />
mamis movlas ver SeZlebdnen,<br />
vaJiSvilebis colebi (rZlebi)<br />
am saqmes ufro advilad gaarT-<br />
mevdnen Tavs. amitom ver vxedavT<br />
aucileblobas imisa, rom Warmag<br />
iosebs meore coli moeyvana,<br />
Tumca arc amis srulad gamor-<br />
icxva SeiZleba.<br />
ufro savaraudoa, rom iosebma, saSualo asakSi myofma,<br />
31_32 wlisam, moiyvana mariami colad. magram nakleb savarau-<br />
dod gveCveneba, rom am asakamde iosebi ucolod yofiliyo.<br />
unda vivaraudoT, rom mas pirveli coli gardacvlili hy-<br />
avda (SeiZleba mSobiarobas gadayva) da mcirewlovani Svilebi<br />
darCa: mariami _ 10_12 wlis, iuda _ 8_10 wlis da simoni _ 6_8<br />
wlis. ucolod darCenil janmrTel da gamrje mamkacs colic<br />
daWirdeboda da bavSvebisa da ojaxis momvlelic. magram mas,<br />
10
iuda, iesos naxevarZma<br />
qvrivsa da wvrilSvilis patrons,<br />
14_16 wlis qaliSvils Znelad Tu<br />
vinme gaayolebda, miuxedavad imisa,<br />
rom iosebi nazareTSi cnobili xuro<br />
iyo da col_Svilis rCena SeeZlo.<br />
amitom iosebma im periodisaT-<br />
vis friad humanuri da keTilSobi-<br />
luri gadawyvetileba miiRo da sx-<br />
visgan fexmZime qali moiyvana colad,<br />
im fiqriT, rom es qali, mariami, mis<br />
bavSvebs da ojaxs mouvlida, TviTon<br />
ki mariams mis momaval Svils gaaz-<br />
rdevinebda.<br />
iosebma da mariamma 28_30 weli<br />
icxovres erTad. am periodSi maT<br />
ojaxs kidev sami Svili _ iose, iakobi da erTi qaliSvili<br />
SeemataT, saxelad, savaraudod, solomonia (salome). SesaZloa<br />
iosebma solomonia (salome) mariamTan SeZenil qaliSvils<br />
pirveli colis pativsacemad daarqva. gadmocemiT ase erqva<br />
iosebis pirvel cols. iosebma Tavisi xelobiT Svidi Svili<br />
gazarda, xolo iesos saxiT aRzarda samaradJamo genia, riTac<br />
fasdaudebeli amagi dasdo kacobriobas da, moxucebuli, naza-<br />
reTSi gardaicvala.<br />
ar aris gamoricxuli, rom iosebis gardacvalebis Semdeg<br />
ojaxSi qonebrivi dava dawyebuliyo, ris gamoc iesom iosebi-<br />
seuli saxli datova, romelic iosebis vaJebs _ iudas da simons<br />
darCaT, xolo TviTon dedasTan, mariamTan da ZmebTan _ ioses-<br />
Tan da iakobTan erTad kapernaumSi gadasaxlda. es swored is<br />
Zmebi arian (umcrosi Zmebi), romlebic TavianT ufros naxevar-<br />
Zmas, iesos yvelgan dayvebodnen misi xalxSi qadagebis dros<br />
(maTe, XIII. 46, 47); (maTe, XIII. 55, 56) da SeZlebisdagvarad icavd-<br />
11
nen da afrTxilebdnen mosalodneli safrTxis Sesaxeb (ioane,<br />
VII. 3). iosebis gardacvalebis momentisaTvis ojaxis genealo-<br />
giuri sqema aseTi unda yofiliyo:<br />
mariami<br />
42-43w<br />
iuda<br />
40-42w<br />
iosebi 60 w. aw<br />
gardacvlili<br />
simoni<br />
38-40w<br />
iose<br />
28-29w<br />
12<br />
mariami<br />
45-46w<br />
salome<br />
26-27w<br />
iakobi<br />
24-25w<br />
ieso<br />
30w<br />
Cvens mier Sedgenili genealogiuri sqema SesabamisobaSia<br />
mariamis asakTanac, romelic, rogorc gadmocemiT viciT, Cv.<br />
w. aR_mde daaxloebiT 22_20 wels<br />
daibada. iosebze qorwinebisas<br />
mariami 16_17 wlis iyo da amave<br />
asakSi SeeZina ieso. iesos jvarcmis<br />
momentisaTvis mariami 49_50<br />
wlisaa. igi 68_70 wlis asakSi 48<br />
wels gardaicvala. vinaidan mamakacis<br />
sicocxlis xangrZlivoba<br />
ufro mcirea, vidre qalisa, mariamis<br />
gardacvalebis asaki kidev<br />
ufro amyarebs Cvens mosazrebas<br />
imis Sesaxeb, rom iosebi daaxloebiT<br />
60 wlisa gardaicvala.<br />
mariami, iesos naxevarda, oTxive saxarebaSi, roca<br />
SemdgomSi mariam kleopasi<br />
iesos Zmebis moxsenieba xdeba,<br />
maT asakis mixedviT aRmavali xaziT, umcrosidan ufrosisken,<br />
moixsenieben, amasTan, wyvil_wyvilad, savaraudod, maTi
dedaze mikuTvnebis mixedviT:<br />
„iakobi da iose, simoni da<br />
iuda“ (maTe, XIII. 55); (markozi,<br />
VI. 2).<br />
13<br />
SeiZleba gaCndes azri,<br />
rom im periodis ebrauli<br />
sazogadoebis tradiciidan<br />
gamomdinare, ufro mosalod-<br />
neli iyo, rom iesos Zmebi<br />
CamoeTvalaT asakis mixed-<br />
viT, ufrosidan umcrosi-<br />
saken: iuda da simoni, iose<br />
iosebi<br />
da iakobi. magram, vfiqrobT,<br />
amas arsebiTi mniSvneloba ara aqvs, radgan maTe iosebis gene-<br />
alogiuri xazis CamoTvlisas iyenebs ufrosidan umcrosisken<br />
mimarTulebas (maTe, I. 1_16), xolo luka piriqiT, umcrosidan<br />
ufrosisken (luka, III. 23_38). aqedan SegviZlia davaskvnaT, rom<br />
saxarebiseuli CamonaTvali informacias gvawvdis Svilebis<br />
dedaze mikuTvnebis Sesaxeb: iakobi da iose _ mariamis Zeni,<br />
xolo simoni da iuda _ iosebis pirveli colis, solomonias<br />
(salomes) Zeni. samarTlianoba moiTxovs aRiniSnos: aris mosaz-<br />
reba, rom isini, ori mainc, (iakobi da iose) iesos biZaSvilebi<br />
arian iosebis mxridan da rom ebrauli tradiciis mixedviT<br />
biZaSvili igive Zmaa. am azrs ver daveTanxmebiT, radgan axal<br />
aRTqmaSi naxsenebia termini „naTesavi“ (luka, II. 44), e. i. xdeba<br />
gradacia da identifikacia, anu Zma aris Zma, da aris da, xolo<br />
biZaSvili aris `naTesavi~, arian kidev „nacnobebi“ (luka, II.<br />
44). iosebis qaliSvils, mariams imitom miviCnevT pirvel<br />
colTan SeZenil Svilad, rom ebrauli tradiciis mixedviT,<br />
Svilebs ded_mamis saxelebs ar arqmevdnen. amitom SeuZlebe-<br />
lia, es Svili iosebs mariamTan SesZenoda da mariami daerqmia.
iosebi da misi umcrosi Zma kleopa<br />
14<br />
iesos naxevarda, mariami,<br />
iosebma Tavis umcros<br />
Zmas, kleopas gaayola<br />
colad. am qorwinebidan<br />
daibada simoni, romelic<br />
iesoze 5_6 wliT um-<br />
crosi iyo. es swored is<br />
simonia, romelic iako-<br />
bis, iesos umcrosi Zmis,<br />
ierusalimis pirveli<br />
episkoposis, daRupvis<br />
Semdeg erTxmad iqna ar-<br />
Ceuli am Tanamdebobaze.<br />
iesos naxevarda, mariami<br />
istorias SemorCa ro-<br />
gorc mariam kleopasi. es aris is „mariam kleopasi“ (ioane, XIX.<br />
25), romelic iesos jvarcmas eswreboda.<br />
sayovelTao aRiarebiT, iesos jvarcmas sxvebTan erTad<br />
misi deda, mariamic eswreboda, Tumca maTe, markozi da luka,<br />
erTi SexedviT, xazgasmiT ar weren amis Sesaxeb: „maT Soris<br />
iyvnen mariam magdaleli, da mariami, deda iakobisa da oisesi,<br />
da zebedes ZeTa deda“ (maTe, XVII. 56). „iyo iq mariam magdaleli,<br />
da meore mariamic, romlebic samarxis win isxdnen“ (maTe, XVII.<br />
61). „iyvnen iq... mariam magdaleli, da mariami, iakob mcirisa<br />
da ioses deda, da salome“ (markozi, XV. 40). „xolo mariam<br />
magdaleli da mariam iosesi xedavdnen, sad daasvenes igi“ (mar-<br />
kozi, XV. 47)“. „... mariam magdalelma, mariam iakobisam da sa-<br />
lomem iyides nelsacxebeli...“ (markozi, XVI. 1). „eseni iyvnen<br />
mariam magdaleli, ioana da mariam iakobisa da sxvebic maT-<br />
Tan erTad...“ (luka, XIV. 10). oTxive saxarebis erTmaneTTan Se-<br />
jerebisas ismeba kiTxva: vin aris mariami? vin aris deda iako
mariami, iosebis meore coli<br />
15<br />
bisa da iosesi? vin aris<br />
meore mariami? vin aris<br />
deda iakob mcirisa da<br />
iosesi? vin aris mariam<br />
iosesi? vin aris mariam<br />
iakobisa, am kiTxvaze na-<br />
Tel pasuxs arc ioanes<br />
saxareba iZleva. „xolo<br />
iesos jvarTan idgnen<br />
deda misi da dedis da<br />
misi, mariam kleopasi da<br />
mariam magdaleli~ (io-<br />
ane, XIX. 25). SevecdebiT<br />
pasuxi gavceT dasmul<br />
kiTxvas, risTvisac<br />
SevadgineT cxrili.<br />
oTxive saxarebidan miyolebiT amoviwereT yvela im „gali-<br />
leveli“ qalis saxeli (mariam magdalelis garda), romlebic<br />
eswrebodnen iesos jvarcmas, gardacvalebas da Semdgom „das-<br />
venebas“. miviReT I cxrili:<br />
1. mariami<br />
2. deda iakobisa da iosesi<br />
3. deda zebedes ZeTa<br />
4. meore mariami<br />
5. deda iakob mcirisa da iosesi<br />
6. deda iakobisa<br />
7. deda iosesi<br />
8. salome
9. ioana<br />
10. dedis da<br />
11. mariam kleopasi<br />
12. deda misi<br />
cxrili I<br />
8 — salome (solomonia) aris 3 — zebedes ZeTa deda. Cveni<br />
azriT, igi iosebis qaliSvilia, mariamTan SeZenili, iesos da.<br />
9 — ioana, herodes ezosmoZRvris coli.<br />
am cnobili personaJebis pirveli cxrilidan amoRebis Sem-<br />
deg miviReT II cxrili:<br />
1. mariami<br />
2. deda iakobisa da iosesi<br />
4. meore mariami<br />
5. deda iakob mcirisa da iosesi<br />
6. deda iakobisa<br />
7. deda iosesi<br />
10. dedis da<br />
11. mariam kleopasi<br />
12. deda misi<br />
cxrili II<br />
sayovelTao aRiarebiT, mariams da_Zma ar hyolia da, romc<br />
hyoloda, orive das mariami ar erqmeoda. amitom SegviZlia<br />
vivaraudoT, rom saqme gvaqvs gadamweris mier daSvebul uzus-<br />
16
tobasTan da sinamdvileSi jvarcmas iesos naxevarda, mariam<br />
kleopasi eswreba _ anu teqsti ase unda ikiTxebodes: „... jvar-<br />
Tan idgnen deda misi da da misi, mariam kleopasi...“ Tumca arc<br />
is aris gamoricxuli, rom mariami da iosebis ufrosi qaliS-<br />
vili, romlebic asakiT TiTqmis tolebi iyvnen, iesos garSemo<br />
myof xalxs debadac mieCnia. 10 — dedis da (da) igivea rac 11<br />
— mariam kleopasi. amitom am personaJebis meore cxrilidan<br />
amoRebis Sedegad miviReT III cxrili:<br />
1. mariami (maTe) (markozi)<br />
2. deda iakobisa da iosesi (maTe)<br />
4. meore mariami (maTe)<br />
5. deda iakob mcirisa da iosesi (markozi)<br />
6. deda iakobisa (luka) (markozi)<br />
7. deda iosesi (markozi)<br />
12. deda misi (ioane)<br />
cxrili III<br />
Tu mesame cxrilis personaJebs anu oTxive saxarebas erTm-<br />
aneTs SevajerebT, miviRebT, rom iesos jvarcmas ukve xsenebul<br />
galilevel qalebTan erTad eswreba kidev Svidi qali, romleb-<br />
sac yvelas mariami hqvia, rac SeuZlebelia ase iyos. zemoTqmu-<br />
lis absurdulobis gamo unda virwmunoT, rom es saxelebi erTi<br />
da imave pirovnebis sxvadasxva kerZo saxelebia. da es pirovneba<br />
aris iesos deda mariami. anu miviRebT naTel da, Cveni azriT,<br />
erTaderT pasuxs, rom 2 — deda iakobisa da iosesi igivea, rac<br />
5 — deda iakob mcirisa da iosesi, igivea, rac 6 — deda iakobisa<br />
da 7 — deda iosesi _ anu es erTi da igive pirovnebaa da aris<br />
17
1 _ mariami _ iesos deda,<br />
anu 12 — deda misi anu<br />
4 — meore mariami. cxri-<br />
lebSi (#2=#5=#6=#7) =<br />
(#1=#4) = #12<br />
aqedan SegviZlia<br />
davaskvnaT, rom iesos, io-<br />
sesa da iakobis deda mari-<br />
amia. ar unda gagvikvirdes<br />
mariamis „meore maria-<br />
mad“ moxsenieba, vinaidan<br />
„pirvel mariamad“ (avt.)<br />
xsenebul mariam magda-<br />
lelTan SedarebiT igi imx-<br />
iakobi, iesos Zma, ierusalimis<br />
anad naklebad popularuli<br />
saqristianos pirveli<br />
iose, iesos Zma<br />
iyo iesos mimdevrebSi.<br />
18<br />
episkoposi<br />
aqve Cndeba kiTxva, ratom ar<br />
ixsenieben mariams rogorc si-<br />
monisa da iudas dedas (mariam<br />
simonisa an mariam iudasi)? jer<br />
erTi, imitom, rom mariami maTi<br />
deda ar aris, meorec, imitom,<br />
rom simoni da iuda iesos da mis<br />
Zmebs, iakobsa da ioses ideolo-<br />
giurad da fizikurad didi xania<br />
daSordnen da iesos xalxSi qa-<br />
dagebis dawyebis dRidan masTan<br />
aRar arian. iesos mowafeebi da<br />
mimdevrebi maT arc ki icnoben
salome, iesos da<br />
(ioane, VII. 5). ratom ar ixsenieben<br />
mariams, rogorc iosebis meuRles,<br />
magaliTad, ase _ mariam iosebisa?<br />
saqme isaa, rom, rogorc ukve<br />
aRvniSneT, iesos xalxSi gasvlisa<br />
da qadagebis dawyebisas iosebi<br />
ukve gardacvlili iyo. iosebis<br />
gardacvalebis Semdeg mariamma,<br />
iesom da misma Zmebma nazareTi da-<br />
toves da kapernaumSi gadasaxld-<br />
nen. is adamianebi, romlebTanac<br />
iesos uwevs yofna, iosebs, mariamis<br />
qmars, an ar icnoben an ukve aRar<br />
axsovT<br />
igi. amitom isini arc mariams<br />
moixsenieben rogorc mariams<br />
iosebisa. ufro metic, zogjer<br />
mas meore mariamsac eZaxian. sam-<br />
agierod, iesos mowafeebi da mim-<br />
devrebi kargad icnoben iesos de-<br />
dasa da Zmebs _ iakobsa da ioses.<br />
`aha, deda Seni da Zmebi Seni ga-<br />
reT dganan da sityvis saTqmlad<br />
geZeben Sen~ (maTe, XII. 47). aqedan<br />
kargad Cans, rom am sityvebis av-<br />
tori icnobs iesos deda mariams da<br />
mis Zmebs _ iakobsa da ioses. ami-<br />
tom sakvirveli ar unda iyos mari-<br />
amis aseTi moxsenieba:<br />
„mariam iakobisa“ anu mariam _<br />
iakobis deda;<br />
19<br />
iesos naxevardis,<br />
mariam kleopas Svili,<br />
romlis qorwilSic sxva<br />
stumrebTan erTad iyo<br />
iesoc
„mariam iosesi“ anu mariam _ ioses deda;<br />
„mariam iakob mcirisa da ioses deda“ anu mariami _ um-<br />
crosi iakobisa da ioses deda, radgan igi isevea iakobisa da<br />
ioses deda, rogorc iesosi.<br />
simoni, ierusalimis<br />
saqristianos meore episkoposi,<br />
iesos dis mariam kleopas Svili<br />
20<br />
aqve erT savaraudo<br />
SekiTxvas gvinda gavceT<br />
pasuxi. saqme isaa, rom sax-<br />
arebaSi naxsenebia iakob<br />
mcire. iakobi iesos ZmebSi<br />
asakiT yvelaze umcrosia,<br />
magram, rogorc wesi, zed-<br />
wodebas „mcire“ an „didi“<br />
xmaroben maSin, roca mSo-<br />
blebs an uaxloes naTe-<br />
savs hqvia igive saxeli,<br />
iesos ojaxSi ki saxeli<br />
`iakobi“ ar meordeba. ma-<br />
Sin ratom ixsenieben iesos<br />
Zmas iakob mcired? Cveni<br />
azriT, iesos ojaxi, am si-<br />
tyvis farTo gagebiT, misi<br />
jvarcmis win gaizarda. mas Seemata mowafeebi, sul cota 12, da<br />
isini ise uyvars iesos, rom da_ZmebSi ar gamoarCevs (maTe, XII.<br />
49, 50). ai, swored am axlad SeZenili Zmebidan erT_erTs hqvia<br />
iakobi (salomesa da zebedes Ze) da Tumca mas iesom metsaxelad<br />
„mexismcemeli“ Searqva, massa da iesos Zmas, iakobs Soris asa-<br />
kobrivi sxvaoba sakmarisia imisTvis, rom am ukanasknels iakob<br />
mcire uwodon.<br />
is faqti, rom mariams iosebTan sxva Svilebic SeeZina, ar<br />
modis winaaRmdegobaSi saxarebasTan. kerZod, maTes saxareba<br />
gveubneba, rom ieso mariamisTvis iyo `pirmSo~ (maTe, I. 25).
saxarebaSi arsad weria, rom ieso dediserTa iyo, pirmSos ki<br />
pirvel Svils uwodeben. Tu mariams hyavda pirmSo, bunebrivia,<br />
momdevno Svilebic eyoleboda. maTes saxarebaSi iqve vkiTxu-<br />
lobT, rom mariams iosebi `ar ucvnia igi, vidre ar Sva Ze Ta-<br />
visi pirmSo, da uwoda saxeli misi ieso~ (maTe, I. 25). aq warmod-<br />
genili viTarebis bunebrivi gagrZelebaa is azri, rom iesos<br />
Sobis Semdeg mariams `ucvnia~, uRiarebia iosebi da misgan mom-<br />
devno Svilebi (iakobi da iose) SesZenia.<br />
iosebze glovis Semdeg „... qorwili iyo galileas kanaSi“<br />
(ioane, II. 1). gadmocemis Tanaxmad, ieso da mariami kanaSi si-<br />
monis mipatiJebiT imyofebian _ es is simonia, iesos naxevarda<br />
mariams kleopasTan<br />
rom SeeZina. qorwili<br />
saojaxo dResaswauli<br />
iyo, Tavs iyridnen<br />
da_Zmebi ojaxebiT.<br />
mariami, ieso da misi<br />
Zmebic axlo naTesavis<br />
qorwilSi Tu iqnebod-<br />
nen miwveulebi. sa-<br />
varaudod, ieso dis-<br />
wulis (simonis dis)<br />
qorwilSia mipati-<br />
Jebuli da mipatiJe-<br />
bulia ara rogorc<br />
cnobili mkurnali an<br />
saswaulmoqmedi da,<br />
miTumetes, ara ro-<br />
gorc zeciT movlenili mesia, vinaidan „... arc mis Zmebs swam-<br />
daT misi“ (ioane, VII. 5), aramed rogorc axlo naTesavi. aki<br />
TviTonac eubneba dedamiss imave qorwilSi, rom „... jer ar<br />
21<br />
qorwili kanaSi
damdgara misi saaTi“ (ioane, II, 4). Sua qorwilSi, Rvino rom<br />
SemoakldaT, „iesos dedam uTxra mas: Rvino ara aqvT“ (ioane, II.<br />
3), razedac iesom miugo: „mereda ra Cemi da Seni saqmea, dedao“<br />
(ioane, II.4). ieso rom dis saxlSi (anu im ojaxSi, romlis wevre-<br />
bic arian iesoc da mariamic) yofiliyo, mariami iesos etyoda,<br />
Rvino gagviTavda, aRar gvaqvso da iesos pasuxic, Sesabamisad,<br />
sxvagvari iqneboda (vgulisxmobT imas, rom Rvinoze ojaxis<br />
ufross an ojaxis wevrs unda ezruna). Tu imasac gaviTval-<br />
iswinebT, rom qorwili kanaSia da ara nazareTSi an kapernaumSi,<br />
unda vivaraudoT, rom qorwili iesos dis (an Zmis) saxlSi ar<br />
xdeba da rom ieso da mariami siZis saxlSi arian miwveulebi<br />
rogorc patarZlis biZa da bebia. am mosazrebas amyarebs isic,<br />
rom „... Tamadam ... mouxmo siZes“ da uTxra: „... Sen ki ukeTesi<br />
Rvino aqamde Semoginaxavs“ (ioane, II. 9,10) ojaxSio.<br />
yovelive zemoTqmuli, ra Tqma unda, ar warmoadgens kat-<br />
egoriul mtkicebas imisa, rom iesos namdvilad hyavda da_Zma<br />
(an naxevar da_Zma) da rom isini mariamis (an iosebis) Svilebi<br />
arian. XXI saukuneSi amis danamdvilebiT garkveva SeuZlebelic<br />
aris. rogorc ar unda iyos _ hyavda iesos da_Zma Tu ara,<br />
es, ra Tqma unda, aranair Crdils ar ayenebs arc mas da arc<br />
mis ojaxs _ mariamsa da iosebs. miTumetes, Crdili ar adgeba<br />
iesos moZRvrebas.<br />
22
amdenime mosazreba iesos dabadebis TariRisa<br />
da adgilis Sesaxeb<br />
saerTo aRiarebiT, axali aRTqma ar warmoadgens istoriul<br />
dokuments da, amdenad, misgan Znelia ieso nazarevelis bio-<br />
grafiuli monacemebis mopoveba. miuxedavad amisa, Cven mainc<br />
SevecdebiT axal aRTqmaSi arsebuli mwiri informaciis safuZ-<br />
velze Tavi movuyaroT ramdenime mosazrebas iesos dabadebis<br />
TariRisa da adgilis Sesaxeb.<br />
gamoTvlebi, romlebic axal welTaRricxvas daedo safuZ-<br />
vlad, 525 wels Caatara romis papis arqivariusma dionisem.<br />
23<br />
imxanad sxvadasxva kal-<br />
endaruli sistema arse-<br />
bobda. zog kalendarul<br />
sistemaSi drois aTvla<br />
romis imperiis daarse-<br />
bidan iwyeboda, zogSi<br />
oqtaviane avgustusis<br />
an diokletianes taxtze<br />
asvlidan da a.S. dion-<br />
isem uari Tqva amgvar<br />
kalendarul sistemebze<br />
da drois aTvla iesos<br />
dabadebis dRidan gadaw-<br />
yvita. man daadgina, rom<br />
ieso Cveni welTaRricx-<br />
vis 1 wels daibada. ma-<br />
axalSobili ieso<br />
gram dionises gamoTvlebSi<br />
aris uneblie Secdoma. da ai ratom: dionises gamoTv-<br />
lebi eyrdnoba axal aRTqmaSi moyvanil cnobil miTiTebas, rom
ieso dedasTan, mariamTan erTad<br />
24<br />
tiberiusis mmarTvelo-<br />
bis meTxuTmete wels,<br />
roca ieso 30 wlis iyo, is<br />
ioanem mdinare iordaneSi<br />
ganaTla. cnobilia, rom<br />
13 wels tiberiusi imper-<br />
ator avgustusTan erTad<br />
imperiis TanammarTveli<br />
gaxda, xolo avgustu-<br />
sis sikvdilis Semdeg 14<br />
wlidan 37 wlamde erT-<br />
pirovnulad marTavda<br />
imperias. maSasadame, ti-<br />
beriusis mmarTvelobis<br />
meTxuTmete wels anu 29<br />
wels Tu gamovaklebT iesos asaks, miviRebT iesos dabadebis<br />
wels. am wels dionisem 1 weli uwoda. saqme isaa, rom am wlisT-<br />
vis dionises 0 weli unda daerqmia (radgan iesos 1 weli jer<br />
ar Sesruleboda). magram romaulad nuli ar arsebobda – 1<br />
aris I, 5 – V, 9 – IX, 10 – X, 20 _ XX da a.S. magram 0? 0 mx-<br />
olod arabul cifrebSi gaCnda. amis gamo mogvianebiT Zveli<br />
welTaRricxvis 1 weli axali welTaRricxvis 1 wels miebjina,<br />
ris Sedegadac miviReT 2_wliani cdomileba. ase rom, Tu dio-<br />
nises mixedviT gamovTvliT, SeiZleba vTqvaT, rom ieso Zveli<br />
welTaRricxvis 2 wels daibada.<br />
maTes da lukas saxarebebi gveubneba, rom ieso herode I<br />
(herode didis) mefobis periodSi daibada (maTe, II. 1); (luka, I.<br />
5). herode ki Cvens welTaRricxvamde 4 wels gardaicvala. Tu<br />
dioniseseul gamoTvlas gverdze gadavdebT, maSin unda vTq-<br />
vaT, rom ieso Cvens welTaRricxvamde 4 wlamde dabadebula.<br />
luka, romelic adasturebs, rom ieso herode didis me
fobis dros daibada (luka, I. 5), ganavrcobs – `siriaSi kvi-<br />
rinusis gamgeblobisas~ (luka, II. 2). lukas mixedviT, mariamis<br />
mSobiarobamde ramdenime xniT adre `gamoqveynda keisar avgus-<br />
tusis brZaneba, aRwera CaetarebinaT mTels qveyanaSi~ (luka,<br />
II. 1). ` . . . es iyo pirveli aRwera . . . ~ (luka, II. 2) da mis<br />
mixedviT yvela im qalaqSi unda Casuliyo, saidanac misi gvari<br />
warmoSobiT momdinareobda. da `wavida iosebic galileidan,<br />
qalaq nazareTidan iudeaSi, daviTis qalaqSi, romelsac hqvia<br />
beTlemi, vinaidan daviTis saxlisa da gvaris iyo~ (luka, II. 4),<br />
`raTa Caweriliyo mariamTan, Tavis daniSnulTan erTad, ro-<br />
melic fexmZimed iyo~ (luka, II. 5). SevecadoT gavarkvioT, ra da<br />
vis mier Catarebul aRwerazea saubari. lukas saxareba iesos<br />
gardacvalebidan ramdenime aTeuli wlis Semdeg daiwera. lu-<br />
kas mizania ` . . . yvelafris Tavidanve gamowvlilviT ganxilvis<br />
Semdeg, Tanmimdevrulad . . . ~ (luka, I. 3) aRwera. da igi aR-<br />
weris dasadastureblad siriis gamgebel kvirinuss imowmebs.<br />
es iyo pirveli aRwera `siriaSi kvirinusis gamgeblobisas~<br />
(luka, II. 2). ki magram, iudeaSi viRam Caatara aRwera? cxadia,<br />
rom siriis gamgebeli kvirinusi herodes samefoSi aRweras ver<br />
Caatarebda. herodes samefoSi aRweris Catareba SeeZlo mx-<br />
olod Tavad herodes sakuTari iniciativiT an keisar avgus-<br />
tusis brZanebiT. magram orive SemTxvevaSi sxvadasxva tipis<br />
aRwerasTan gveqneboda saqme. gavixsenoT, rom romis imperia<br />
imxanad ganuwyvetel omebSi iyo Cabmuli Tavis Crdiloel, aR-<br />
mosavlel Tu dasavlel mezoblebTan. legionebis Senaxva sul<br />
ufro da ufro Zviri jdeboda da romic gadasaxadebs zrdida.<br />
mas kargad awyobili sagadasaxado sistema hqonda uamravi me-<br />
baJiTa da sxva moxeleebiT. gadasaxadi da baJi imdenad mZime<br />
tvirTad awva mosaxleobas, rom aman axal aRTqmaSic ki hpova<br />
asaxva – gavixsenoT, marto sityvebi `baJi~ da `mebaJe~ ramden<br />
aTeul adgilas aris naxsenebi oTxive saxarebaSi. es aRwerac,<br />
25
savaraudod, pirvel rigSi swored baJisa da gadasaxadis reg-<br />
istracias isaxavda miznad – unda aRweriliyo saxnav_saTesisa<br />
da cxvar_Zroxis, menaveTa da meTevzeTa raodenoba da sxva<br />
mravali wvrilmani, raTa es yvelaferi droulad dabegril-<br />
iyo da aravin da araferi gamorCenodaT. imis gamo, rom ro-<br />
mis mier Catarebul aRweras mxolod finansur_statistikuri<br />
xasiaTi hqonda, romisTvis da keisar avgustusisTvis aravi-<br />
Tari mniSvneloba ar SeiZleboda hqonoda, nazareveli iosebi<br />
da misi coli mariami gadasaxadebis gadamxdelebad nazareTSi<br />
dafiqsirdebodnen Tu beTlemSi wavidodnen da iq Caewerebod-<br />
nen. aqve unda SevniSnoT, rom romis kanonebis mixedviT mamak-<br />
acs colisa da Svilebis gareSe SeeZlo misvla saregistracio<br />
SenobaSi. sakmarisi iyo mamakacis mier colisa da Svilebis mx-<br />
olod sityvieri (zepiri) registracia. amdenad, romis kanonebi<br />
ar avaldebulebda iosebs, saregistraciod waeyvana fexmZime<br />
coli nazareTidan 100 _ 120 km_iT daSorebul beTlemSi. Tu<br />
imasac gaviTvaliswinebT, rom es `pirveli aRwera~ iyo da wina<br />
aRweris monacemebi aravin ar icoda, Zneli warmosadgenia, ro-<br />
mael moxeleTagan vinme yofiliyo iseTi, nazareTSi darCenili<br />
iosebisTvis rom eTqva, beTlemel kacs nazareTSi ra ginda,<br />
saswrafod wadi beTlemSi da colic waiyvaneo. dabolos, abso-<br />
luturad SeuZleblad migvaCnia, rom imperatori avgustusi<br />
dainteresebuli yofiliyo imiT, rom rogorme yvela ebrauli<br />
ojaxis gvar_fuZe daedgina.<br />
axla ganvixiloT meore versia. mefe herodes SeeZlo Tvi-<br />
Ton Caetarebina aRwera an keisar avgustusis brZanebisTvis<br />
iseTi punqti daematebina, rom yvela iZulebuli yofiliyo<br />
mSobliur (ufro zustad, winaparTa) qalaqebSi wasuliyo Ca-<br />
sawerad. herode mefe did saamSeneblo saqmianobas eweoda,<br />
aSenebda da ganaaxlebda qalaqebsa da gzebs. manve aRadgina<br />
ierusalimis taZari. mas sakuTari sagadasaxado sistema hqonda<br />
26
da gadasaxadi da baJi misTvis ucxo ar iyo. imxanad ebrauli<br />
sazogadoeba gvarovnul_tomobrivi principiT kastebad cxov-<br />
robda da gamoricxuli ar aris, rom daviTis qalaq beTlemis<br />
romelime sinagogaSi marTlac inaxeboda misi gvaris saregis-<br />
tracio wigni, romelSic daviTis gvaris STamomavalTa reg-<br />
istracia savaldebuloc ki iyo. amdenad, mosalodnelia, rom<br />
ebraul an romaul_ebraul aRweras finansur_statistikur-<br />
Tan erTad gvarovnul_tomobrivi gamokiTxvac daesaxa miznad.<br />
Tumca isic sakiTxavia, ra azri hqonda am gvarovnul_tomo-<br />
briv gamokiTxvas, Tu maTes da lukas saxarebebi iosebis ge-<br />
iosebi, mariami da yrma ieso<br />
nealogiur xazSi erTmaneTs ar daemTxveoda – vgulisxmobT<br />
imas, rom maTes mixedviT iosebis mama iakobia (maTe, I. 16),<br />
xolo lukas mixedviT – elia (luka, III. 23). magram rogori ti-<br />
pis aRwerac ar unda yofiliyo, iosebi arc ebrauli kanonebis<br />
27
mixedviT ar iyo valdebuli, fexmZime coli nazareTidan be-<br />
TlemSi waeyvana Casawerad, Tundac imitom, rom mariami `da-<br />
viTis saxlisa da gvaris~ ar iyo da, romc yofiliyo, Zneli<br />
safiqrebelia, rom is, miTumetes fexmZime, sinagogaSi SeeS-<br />
vaT, Tu gaviTvaliswinebT qalis uuflebo mdgomareobas im<br />
periodis ebraul sazogadoebaSi. yvelafers rom Tavi davane-<br />
boT, herode mefes aranairi aRwera ar Cautarebia. aRwera am<br />
regionSi marTlac Catarda Cveni welTaRricxvis 6 _ 7 wels,<br />
herodes gardacvalebidan 10 – 12 wlis Tavze da iesos dabade-<br />
bidan 12 – 14 wlis Semdeg da es aRwera Caatara swored `kvi-<br />
rinus gamgebelma~, oRond mas mere, rac arqelaosis (herodes<br />
Svili) mmarTvelobidan CamoSorebis Semdeg sirias miuerTes<br />
iudea, samaria da idunea. samarTlianoba moiTxovs aRiniSnos,<br />
rom publius sulpicius kvirinusi Cvens welTaRricxvamde 7 _<br />
6 wels marTlac gamoCnda siriaSi keisar avgustusis special-<br />
uri samxedro davalebiT, roca, gansakuTrebuli uflebebiT<br />
aRWurvilma, siriis mTebSi mTielTa amboxi CaaxSo. am dros<br />
oTxi_xuTi aTasi kaci daatyveves, mSobliuri kuTxidan ayares<br />
da regionis sxvadasxva qalaqebSi gadaanawiles sacxovreblad.<br />
bunebrivia, aseT viTarebaSi kvirinusis mier aRwera Tu ara,<br />
garkveuli mokvleva_gamokiTxva mainc Catardeboda Tundac im<br />
mizniT, rom ganesazRvraT, Tu sad da ramdeni ojaxi Caesaxle-<br />
binaT. es imdenad didi da kargad gaTvlili samxedro_poli-<br />
tikuri operacia iyo, rom kvirinusma regionSi saxeli gaiTqva<br />
da keisar avgustusis ndoba da pativi daimsaxura. amdenad,<br />
kvirinusi, droebiT mainc, siriis gamgebladac ki SeiZleba mi-<br />
viCnioT misi gansakuTrebuli uflebebis gamo. am ambebidan 14<br />
_ 15 wlis Semdeg, kvirinusi meored ukve marTla siriis gamge-<br />
blad iqna daniSnuli keisar avgustusis mier.<br />
SevniSnavT, rom luka ambobs, `pirveli aRwera~ iyoo _ e.i.<br />
man uTuod icis, rom iyo meore aRwerac. Tu luka kvirinu-<br />
28
sis mier siriis teritoriaze Cvens welTaRricxvamde 7-6 wels<br />
Catarebul zemoTxsenebul mokvlevas pirvel aRweras uwo-<br />
debs, maSin meore aRwera Catarebula Cveni welTaRricxviT<br />
mwyemsebis milocva<br />
6-7 wels kvirinusis mier arqelaos_herodes mmarTvelobidan<br />
CamoSorebisa da misi qonebis gadmoformebis Semdeg. SevniS-<br />
navT, rom maTes mixedviT iosebi, mariami da ieso nazareTSi<br />
herode didis sikvdilis Semdeg dabrundnen (maTe, I. 19), roca<br />
iudeaSi arqelaosi mefobda (maTe, I. 22, 23). lukas da maTes<br />
saxarebebs erTmaneTs Tu SevadarebT, miviRebT, rom kviri-<br />
nusi siriis wina aziaSi mTielebs rom ebrZoda, xolo iudeaSi<br />
herode didi mefobda, ieso maSin dabadebula – kvirinusis<br />
mier ganxorcielebuli mokvleva_gamokiTxvis (igive `pirveli<br />
aRweris~) dros, Cvens welTaRricxvamde 6-4 wels.<br />
29
magram bunebrivad ibadeba kiTxva – sad kvirinusis mier<br />
sirieli mTielebis ayra_gadasaxleba da sad herodes iudeaSi<br />
iosebisa da fexmZime mariamis beTlemSi wasvla `Casawerad~?<br />
ra kavSiri SeiZleba iyos am or movlenas Soris? Cveni azriT,<br />
iosebsa da mariams aranair aRweraSi monawileoba ar miuRiaT<br />
da, miTumetes, am mizniT nazareTidan beTlemSi ar wasulan.<br />
iesos winadacveTa<br />
Cven vfiqrobT, rom lukas mtkiceba, rom iosebi da fexmZime<br />
mariami nazareTidan beTlemSi wavidnen aRweraSi monawileobis<br />
mizniT, simarTles ar Seesabameba.<br />
Cveni Rrma rwmeniT, ieso nazareTSi, iosebis saxlSi<br />
daibada. iosebi da mariami sazogadoebis Rarib fenas miekuT-<br />
vnebodnen. maT ierusalimis taZars mcire Sesawiravi – `ori<br />
gvriti, anda ori xundi mtredisa~ (luka, II. 24) Seswires da ara<br />
30
atkani, rogorc amas SeZlebulebi akeTebdnen. savaraudod,<br />
iosebis, rogorc yvela maSindeli Raribi ojaxis, saxli erTi<br />
didi, or nawilad gayofili oTaxisgan Sedgeboda. erT nawilSi<br />
cxvar_Zroxa hyavdaT, xolo meoreSi, `fundukSi~, TviTon eZi-<br />
naT. iosebma mariami qvrivma da wvrilSvilis patronma moiyvana<br />
colad da roca mariamis mSobiarobis Jamma moawia, `fundukSi~<br />
anu saZinebel oTaxSi adgili ar iyo, radgan iq iosebi da misi<br />
bavSvebi iyvnen (an SeiZleba Ramec iyo da iosebs Tu ara, mis<br />
bavSvebs mainc, eZinaT kidec). amitom momxmare qalebma (luka,<br />
II. 18) mariami `meore oTaxSi~, bagaSi gaiyvanes.<br />
ra Tqma unda, iosebsa da mariams yrma iesos dabadebas<br />
miulocavdnen naTesavebi, nacnobebi da mezoblebi, romelTa<br />
Soris mwyemsebic (luka, II, 8) iqnebodnen, mebaJeebic da sxve-<br />
bic. magram es rom 25 dekembers ar SeiZleboda momxdariyo,<br />
iqidanac Cans, rom verc nazareTSi da verc beTlemSi zamTarSi<br />
mwyemsebi velad ver dadgebodnen da faras Ria cis qveS ver<br />
datovebdnen, miTumetes RamiT. aqve SevniSnavT imasac, rom za-<br />
mTarSi arc aRwera Catardeboda.<br />
Semdgom amisa, ` . . . roca gasrulda misi winadacveTis<br />
rva dRe, uwodes mas saxelad ieso. . .~ (luka, II. 21). amis Semdeg<br />
(da es yvelaferi, savaraudod, nazareTSi xdeba), 40 dRis mere<br />
` . . . Tanaxmad moses rjulisa, ierusalimSi waiyvanes igi, raTa<br />
waredginaT uflis winaSe~ (luka, II. 21). ` . . . iyo erTi kaci<br />
ierusalimSi, saxelad simoni~ (luka, II. 25), romelic ` . . . mov-<br />
ida taZrad, roca mSoblebma moiyvanes yrma ieso~ (luka, II. 27).<br />
simonma `xelSi aiyvana igi, akurTxa RmerTi da Tqva. . . ~ (luka,<br />
II. 28). ` . . . wevs igi mravalTa damamxoblad da aRmadideblad<br />
israelSi, da ganxeTqilebis niSnad~ (luka, II. 34). da `iyo iq<br />
agreTve winaswarmetyveli ana, fanuelis asuli~ (luka, II. 36),<br />
`oTxmocda oTxi wlis qvrivi~ (luka, II. 37). `da roca uflis<br />
sjulisamebr aRasrules yvelaferi, galileaSi dabrundnen,<br />
31
TavianT qalaq nazareTSi~ (luka, II. 33).<br />
amrigad, lukas mixedviT, iesos Sobam, milocvebma, wina-<br />
dacveTam, Sobidan 40 dRis Tavze wminda ojaxis ierusalimSi<br />
gamgzavrebam da yrma iesos uflis winaSe wardgenam mSvid,<br />
wynar da harmoniul viTarebaSi Caiara. ojaxi nazareTSi dab-<br />
runda, sadac ` . . . iesos emateboda sibrZne da asaki. . .~ (luka,<br />
II. 52).<br />
sruliad sxva, kardinalurad gansxvavebul suraTs gvixat-<br />
avs maTes saxareba. iesos beTlemSi Sobis Semdeg mefe `herodem<br />
farulad~ (maTe, I. 7) wargzavna mogvebi ` . . . beTlems da uTxra:<br />
wadiT da gamowvlilviT gamoiZieT yrmis ambavi~ (maTe, I. 6 –<br />
8), ` . . . vinaidan herodes surs moZebnos yrma da moakvdinos<br />
igi~ (maTe, I. 13). iosebma, mariamma da yrma iesom Zlivs gaaswres<br />
ganrisxebuli herodes meomrebs, romlebmac ieso xelSi ver<br />
Caigdes, magram beTlemsa da mis SemogarenSi or wlamde asakis<br />
yvela bavSvi gaJlites. wminda ojaxma egviptes Seafara Tavi,<br />
sadac herodes gardacvalebamde darCnen, ris Semdegac dab-<br />
rundnen da nazareTSi daides bina.<br />
axla SevecadoT erTmaneTs SevadaroT es ori sruliad<br />
gansxvavebuli suraTi.<br />
1. gamoqveynda avgustusis brZaneba aRweris Sesaxeb.<br />
iosebic nazareTidan beTlemSi gasamgzavreblad gaemzada<br />
da, muxedavad imisa, rom arc romauli da arc ebrauli<br />
kanonebi colis Tan wayvanas ar avaldebulebda, man Ta-<br />
visi ar daiSala da fexmZime mariami Tan waiyvana (luka).<br />
amave dros, aRmosavleTidan daiZrnen mogvebi, romelTac<br />
win varskvlavi mouZRvis da gzas uCvenebs (maTe).<br />
2. mogvebi ierusalimSi Cavidnen da herodes uTxres,<br />
rom movidnen, raTa Tayvani scen iudevelTa axalSobil<br />
32
mariami da elisabedi SvilebTan<br />
iesosTan da ioanesTan erTad<br />
33<br />
mefes (maTe).<br />
3. herode (da mTe-<br />
li ierusalimi masTan<br />
erTad) SeZrwunda da<br />
mogvebs saidumlo dava-<br />
leba misca (maTe).<br />
4. amasobaSi iosebma da<br />
mariamma beTlemSi CaaR-<br />
wies, gaiares registra-<br />
cia da, im dRes Tu ara,<br />
meore dRes iSva ieso<br />
(luka).<br />
5. im Rames Tu ara,<br />
meore Rames maTTan mwy-<br />
emsebi mividnen da yrmis<br />
Soba miuloces (luka).<br />
6. amasobaSi mogvebmac CamoaRwies ierusalimidan be-<br />
TlemSi, varskvlavis meSveobiT ipoves is adgili, sadac<br />
yrma ieso iwva da mas oqro, muri da gundruki miarTves.<br />
mogvebi imave saRamos, ise rom herodesTan ar mibrunebu-<br />
lan, sxva gziT wavidnen TavianT qveyanaSi (maTe).<br />
7. Sobidan meSvide dRes iesos wina daucviTes (davuS-<br />
vaT, rom es beTlemSi moxda) (luka).<br />
8. mogvebis mier motyuebulma ganrisxebulma herodem
gadawyvita beTlemsa da mis SemogarenSi or wlamde asakis<br />
yvela Cvili amoewyvita (maTe).<br />
9. beTlemSive iosebs angelozi gamoecxada da gaaf-<br />
rTxila, rom herode iesos mosaklavad dasdevs da egvip-<br />
tisTvis Tavis Sefareba urCia (maTe).<br />
10. iosebi da misi ojaxi herodes SiSiT egvipteSi garb-<br />
is (maTe).<br />
11. herode didi gardaicvala, iudeaSi arqelaosi gamef-<br />
da da es ambavi iosebs egvipteSi angelozma auwya (maTe).<br />
12. angelozis rCeviT iosebi galileaSi, nazareTSi dab-<br />
iosebi da ieso sadurgloSi<br />
34<br />
runda da iq dasaxlda<br />
(maTe).<br />
13. amis Semdeg, iesos<br />
Sobidan ormoci dRis<br />
Tavze, ` . . . roca gas-<br />
rulda maTi ganwmen-<br />
dis dReni. . .~ (luka,<br />
II. 22), ` . . . ierusalim-<br />
Si waiyvanes igi, raTa<br />
waredginaT uflis wi-<br />
naSe~ (luka, II. 22).<br />
14. `da roca uflis<br />
sjulisamebr aRas-<br />
rules yvelaferi, gali
leaSi dabrundnen, TavianT qalaq nazareTSi~ (luka, II. 39).<br />
da es Tavgadasavali wminda ojaxs ormoci dRis ganmav-<br />
lobaSi gadaxda Tavs _ ormoc dReSi iosebma da mariamma sul<br />
cota 1000 – 1200 km gaiares _ nazareTidan beTlemSi, be-<br />
Tlemidan egvipteSi, egviptidan nazareTSi, nazareTidan ieru-<br />
salimSi da ukan. warmoudgeneli da daujerebelia, aseT mokle<br />
droSi maT es manZili daefaraT.<br />
amitom logikuri iqneba Tu vityviT, rom mas Semdeg, rac<br />
iosebma da misma ojaxma ormoci dRis Tavze ierusalimis taZ-<br />
ari moiloca, iosebs nazareTSi gamoecxada angelozi da iq<br />
auwya, rom herodes iesos mokvla ganezraxa. magram aqve ismis<br />
mariami da ieso<br />
kiTxva: ratom gawira ange-<br />
lozma iosebi da misi ojaxi<br />
da ratom dauSva maTi ieru-<br />
salimSi (pirdapir lomis<br />
xaxaSi) gamgzavreba, roca man,<br />
angelozma, kargad uwyoda,<br />
rom `herode mefe SeZrwun-<br />
ebulia da mTeli ierusalimi<br />
masTan erTad~ (maTe, II. 1)?<br />
es xom swored is angelozia,<br />
iosebs sul Tan rom dayveba<br />
(maTe, I. 20, 24; II. 13; II. 19, 22)<br />
da romlis gareSec iosebi<br />
nabijs ar dgams? da Tun-<br />
dac asec rom iyos, ratom<br />
ver moaxerxa herodem maTi<br />
ierusalimSi daWera? anam da simonma xom mTel `SeZrwunebul~<br />
ierusalims gaagebines yrma iesos Soba! (luka, II. 38). mkiTxvels<br />
SevaxsenebT, rom es is motyuebuli, SeZrwunebuli da ganrisxe-<br />
buli herodea, romelmac, sxva rom araferi, sikvdilamde xuTi<br />
35
dRiT adre sakuTari ufrosi vaJi moakvlevina taxtis moc-<br />
ileobis sababiT da daibara, rom misi sikvdilis Semdeg yvela<br />
ebraeli warCinebuli amoewyvitaT. iosebma da misma ojaxma ki<br />
ierusalimidan gaaswres mrisxane da daundobel herodes da<br />
mSvidobiT dabrundnen TavianT qalaq nazareTSi. (?)<br />
amrigad, maTes da lukas saxarebebi istoriul nawilSi da,<br />
amdenad, iesos biografiul nawilSi, mxolod im SemTxvevaSi<br />
daemTxveva erTmaneTs, Tu maTi monaTxrobebidan amoviRebT<br />
ararsebul aRweras, iosebisa da mariamis nazareTidan be-<br />
TlemSi mogzaurobas, herodes mier iesos devnas, aRmosavlel<br />
mogvebs, varskvlavebsa da angelozebs da ierusalimel mox-<br />
ucebs simonsa da anas.<br />
SevniSnavT, rom egvipteSi iesos ojaxi SeiZleba marTla<br />
cxovrobda (Tumca amis damadasturebeli aranairi istoriuli<br />
sabuTi ar arsebobs), magram ufro damajerebelia, rom iq naza-<br />
reTidan wasuliyvnen ara naCqarevad, aramed iesos dabadebidan<br />
erTi wlis Semdeg. gadmocemiT cnobilia (Tomas saxareba), rom<br />
iesos swored egvipteSi `emateboda sibrZne da asaki~ (luka,<br />
II. 52; II. 40) da ar aris gamoricxuli, rom nazareTSi 12 wlis<br />
Semdeg, anu jer kidev arqelaosis mefobis dros, 5-6 wels da-<br />
brunebuliyvnen.<br />
rac Seexeba 25 dekembers, is iesos dabadebis dRed abso-<br />
luturad pirobiTad aris aRebuli. saqme isaa, rom am dRes<br />
mTeli romis imperia `mzis dabadebas~ zeimobda. am dRes emTx-<br />
veva e.w. buniaoba _ dRe-Ramis gasworeba. zeimSi da mxiarule-<br />
baSi romis warmarT mosaxleobasTan erTad, tradiciisamebr,<br />
qristianebic monawileobdnen. qristianma mRvdelmTavrebmac<br />
gadawyvites iesos Sobac am dRes ezeimaT.<br />
radgan iosebi da fexmZime mariami beTlemSi ar gamgzavre-<br />
bulan da radgan, maTesa da lukas mtkicebiT, mogvebisa da<br />
mwyemsebis iesosadmi Tayvaniscemis epizodebi beTlemSi moxda,<br />
36
gamovTqvamT varauds, rom es monaTxrobebi miTiuri da ara-<br />
istoriulia. miTumetes, rom Cndeba kiTxvebi: varskvlavma,<br />
romelic mogvebs win miuZRvis, ratom pirdapir yrma iesomde<br />
ar miiyvana isini? ratom ar gaafrTxila angelozma mogvebi,<br />
rom herodesTan saubrisas meti windaxeduleba gamoeCinaT?<br />
mogvebis herodesTan, rbilad rom vTqvaT, gulubryvilo<br />
saubarma xom maprovocireblad imoqmeda mZvinvare mmarT-<br />
velze, rasac or wlamde Cvilebis gaJleta moyva! mogvebis<br />
fonze lukas mwyemsebi alali da uwyinarebi Canan. da Tu iesos<br />
dabadebis scenaris SerCeva gemovnebis sakiTxia, maSin, ra Tqma<br />
unda, lukas monaTxrobi, misi humanurobisa da simSvidis gamo,<br />
CvenTvis metad misaRebia. magram mainc davubrundeT maTesa da<br />
ieso ufros naxevarZmebTan, simonsa da iudasTan da<br />
naxevarda mariamTan erTad iosebis sadurgloSi<br />
lukas saxarebebs da SeZlebisdagvarad SevajeroT isini erT-<br />
maneTs iesos dabadebis aRweris epizodebSi.<br />
maTe gasagebad da xazgasmiT ambobs, rom ` . . . daibada ieso<br />
37
qriste, herodes mefobis Jams. . .~ (maTe, II. 1), xolo ` . . . rode-<br />
sac aResrula herode. . .~ (maTe, II. 19), ` . . . arqelaosi mefobso<br />
iudeaSi mamamisis herodes nacvalad, SeeSinda iq misvla. . .~<br />
(maTe, II. 22). saubaria iosebze, romelmac angelozisgan icoda,<br />
rom ` . . . mokvdnen isini, vinc eZiebdnen yrmis sikvdils~ (maTe,<br />
II. 20), magram mainc SeeSinda herode didis memkvidris (vaJis)<br />
arqelaosis da iudeas galilea arCia `da mivida da daesaxla<br />
qalaqSi, romelsac hqvia nazareTi~ (maTe, II. 23). ibadeba kiTxva:<br />
ar icoda iosebma, arqelaosis SiSiT iudeaSi rom ar dasax-<br />
lda da galileis nazareTi arCia, rom galileis mmarTveli<br />
herodes meore vaJi antipa iyo? ratom antipasi ar SeeSinda<br />
iosebs? Cveni azriT, aq saqme Tavad arqelaosSia. da ai ratom:<br />
mkiTxvels SevaxsenebT, rom herode I didi herodianTa dinas-<br />
tiis damaarsebelia. igi mefobda Cvens welTaRricxvamde 37 –<br />
4 wlebSi. misi sikvdilis Semdeg misi samefo sam nawilad gaiyo:<br />
samariis, iudeisa da iduneis mmarTveli gaxda arqelaosi,<br />
romelmac dairqva saxeli (gnebavT, tituli) herode (Cvens<br />
welTaRricxvamde 4 _ Cveni welTaRricxviT 6 wlebi). galileis<br />
mmarTveli gaxda herode didis meore vaJi antipa (Cvens wel-<br />
TaRricxvamde 4 _ Cveni welTaRricxviT 39 wlebi). es is anti-<br />
paa, ieso `melas~ rom eZaxis (luka, XIII. 32). herodes mesame, ger<br />
vaJs, filipes (Cvens welTaRricxvamde 4 _ Cveni welTaRricx-<br />
viT 34 wlebi) ergo ituria, batanea da siriis samxreTi nawili.<br />
arqelaosi sibrZniT ar gamoirCeoda, xolo sisastikeSi mamas<br />
tols ar udebda. mas mmarTveloba axali dawyebuli hqonda,<br />
roca ierusalimSi didi areuloba moxda. paseqis dros ieru-<br />
salimSi israelis sxvadasxva kuTxidan uamravi xalxi iyrida<br />
Tavs. qalaqSi arqelaos_herodes mowinaaRmdegeebma gamosv-<br />
lebi daiwyes, romelic mRelvarebasa da SfoTSi gadaizarda.<br />
arqelaosma momrigeblebi gagzavna, magram uSedegod. rode-<br />
sac arqelaosis mier gagzavnili samxedro razmi xalxma qvebiT<br />
38
Caqola, arqelaosma ajanyebulTa dasaSoSmineblad ukve mTeli<br />
kavaleria gagzavna. maSin ierusalimis quCebSi sami aTasamde<br />
kaci iqna mokluli, cocxlad gadarCenilebs ki dauyovnebliv<br />
saxlebSi dabruneba ubrZanes. arqelaosis mowinaaRmdegee-<br />
bma da mosaxleobam mas keisar avgustusTan uCivles, rasac<br />
Sedegad moyva is, rom keisarma arqelaos_herode ara mefed,<br />
aramed `mmarTvelad~ daamtkica, Tumca wlebis manZilze ar-<br />
qelaoss mmarTvelobis stili ar Seucvlia. mosaxleobisadmi<br />
gamoCenili simkacrisa da daundoblobis gamo arqelaosi, ro-<br />
gorc ukve aRvniSneT, 6 wels iudeis mmarTvelobas CamoaSores.<br />
keisarma avgustusma is gadaayena, xolo misi samflobeloebi<br />
samarTavad sirias gadaeca, romlis gamgebeli swored lukas<br />
mier naxsenebi `kvirinusia~. am ukanasknelma, rogorc zemoT<br />
aRvniSneT, arqelaos_herodes samflobeloSi misi uZrav_moZ-<br />
ravi qonebis aRsawerad da gadmosaformeblad aRwera Caatara.<br />
SesaZlebelia, rom arqelaosis am sisastikem garkveuli asaxva<br />
hpova maTes saxarebaSi da iosebis ojaxi swored arqelaos_<br />
herodes meomrebs gaeqca beTlemidan da ara egviptes, aramed<br />
galileas Seafara Tavi.<br />
amrigad, orive saxarebis meqanikurad SeerTebiT gamodis,<br />
rom iosebi da mariami nazareTidan beTlemSi ki ar midian Ca-<br />
sawerad, aramed arqelaos_herodes SiSiT beTlems toveben<br />
da nazareTSi saxldebian. iesoc swored arqelaos_herodes<br />
mmarTvelobis dros daibada Cveni welTaRricxviT 6 wels.<br />
maTes da lukas saxarebebi iesos dabadebis nawilSi kidev<br />
erT SemTxvevaSi daemTxvevian erTmaneTs, Tu davuSvebT, rom<br />
luka SecdomiT axsenebs `kvirinuss~ (luka, II. 2) da SeiZleba<br />
es punqti (luka, II. 2) unda ikiTxebodes ase: `es iyo pirveli<br />
aRwera siriaSi kvintilusis gamgeblobisas~. dasaSvebia, rom<br />
lukas saxelebi `kvintilusi~ da `kvirinusi~ SeSloda, iseve<br />
rogorc lisaniaze ambobs, abileTis mTavari iyoo (luka, III.<br />
39
1), maSin rodesac kviprosis gamgebeli lisania am ambebamde<br />
30 wliT adre gardaicvala. isic SesaZlebelia, rom Semdgomi<br />
periodis gadamwerebs mosvlodaT Secdoma. saqme isaa, rom<br />
Cvens welTaRricxvamde 6 _ 4 wlebSi kvintilius variusi ro-<br />
mis legati iyo siriaSi da es periodi herode didis mefobis<br />
bolo periods emTxveva. amasTan, kvintilius variusi sakmaod<br />
aqtiurobda ierusalimSi sxvadasxva amboxis CaxSobisas. arse-<br />
bobs varaudi, rom arqelaos_herodem swored misi daxmarebiT<br />
CaaxSo ramdenime amboxi ierusalimSi. am SemTxvevaSi ieso Cvens<br />
welTaRricxvamde 6 – 4 wlebSi dabadebula.<br />
rogorc ar unda iyos _ zustad sad daibada ieso _ naz-<br />
areTSi Tu beTlemSi, dRes arsebiTi mniSvneloba ar aqvs.<br />
iosebis ojaxSi iSva yrma, saxelad ieso, romelsac istoriam<br />
wilad arguna kacobriobis svlis borbali waRma daetriale-<br />
bina.<br />
40
amdenime mosazreba iesos jvarcmisa da pontius<br />
pilates rolis Sesaxeb<br />
arcerT saxarebaSi ar aris moTxrobili, Tu rogori for-<br />
mis jvarze gaakres ieso. im periodis romis imperiaSi msja-<br />
vrdebulTa jvarze gasakravad sami formis jvari gamoiyene-<br />
boda. es formebi iyo: laTinuri aso T-s formis, sworkuTxa<br />
jvris +-s formis da maxvilkuTxa (blagvkuTxa) X jvris<br />
formisa. amas garda, gamoiyeneboda marto boZic – I , xarixis<br />
gareSe. magram radgan ` da daudges TavTiT dawerili. . . ~<br />
(maTe, XXVI. 37), ` . . . daakra jvars. . . ~ (ioane, XIX. 19) warwera,<br />
unda vifiqroT, rom jvars sworkuTxa forma hqonda, radgan<br />
T formisa da X maxvilkuTxa formis jvrebze warweras ver<br />
dakidebdnen. xarixis zomebi, savaraudod, iqneboda sigrZiT<br />
1,80_2,20 m, vertikaluri boZisa – 2,50_3,00 m, xolo orives<br />
diametri – 25_30 sm.<br />
a tipi<br />
rogori konstruqciis iqneboda<br />
amgvari formis jvari? erT SemTx-<br />
vevaSi (a tipi) xarixas SuaSi amoWrili<br />
aqvs mTel siRrmeze da gakeTebulia<br />
Wrili (Rari), xolo vertikalur boZs<br />
zeda nawili ise aqvs orive mxridan<br />
CaWrili (daviwrovebuli), rom mas (fi-<br />
cris formisas) xarixa zemodan Camoec-<br />
vas. miRebuli konstruqcia sakmarisad<br />
myaria da xarixisa da boZis SeerTebis<br />
adgilas damatebiT lursmnebiT an To-<br />
kiT gamagrebas ar saWiroebs. aseTi<br />
jvris gasakeTeblad marto najaxis<br />
gamoyeneba ar kmara. boZis zeda nawili,<br />
41
tipi<br />
misTvis brtyeli ficris formis mi-<br />
sacemad, SeiZleba orive mxridan na-<br />
jaxiT gaiTalos, magram xarixaSi Wri-<br />
lis (Raris) amosaWrelad najaxi ar<br />
ikmarebs. damatebiT saWiroa soli,<br />
CaquCi. amasTan, samuSao garkveul os-<br />
tatobasac moiTxovs.<br />
meore SemTxvevaSi (b tipi) xar-<br />
ixasa da boZs erTi romelime mxridan<br />
amoWrili aqvs erTnairi zomis CaR-<br />
rmavebebi da maTi gadabma xdeba CaR-<br />
rmavebebis sigrZeze maTi erTmaneTSi<br />
CasmiT. a tipTan SedarebiT es konstruqcia naklebad myaria da<br />
xarixisa da boZis SeerTebis adgilas aucileblad saWiroebs<br />
lursmnebiT gamagrebas. Tumca, a<br />
tipisgan gansxvavebiT, mis dasamza-<br />
deblad mxolod najaxi da ramden-<br />
ime lursmania saWiro. samuSao nak-<br />
lebad Sromatevadi da martivia.<br />
mesame SemTxvevaSi (g tipi) xar-<br />
ixa da boZi yovelgvari damuSavebis<br />
gareSe ebmeba erTmaneTs. maTi da-<br />
magreba ramdenime lursmniT an<br />
TokebiT xdeba (an oriveTi erTad).<br />
miuxedavad imisa, rom asawyobad g<br />
tipi yvelaze iolia (nakleb Sro-<br />
masa da ostatobas moiTxovs), si-<br />
myaris TvalsazrisiT is Camouvar-<br />
deba rogorc a, aseve b tips. Tu gaviTvaliswinebT imas, rom<br />
msjavrdebuli sikvdilis Semdeg kidev ramdenime dRe ekida<br />
jvarze, pirveli da mTavari moTxovna jvris konstruqciis si-<br />
42<br />
g tipi
myare unda yofiliyo. am SemTxvevaSi g tipi gamoiricxeba.<br />
miuxedavad imisa, rom romis armiis samxedro banakSi<br />
(msjavrdebulis jvarze gakvras jariskacebi asrulebdnen)<br />
yvelanairi sadurglo xelsawyoebi iyo, naklebad savaraudoa,<br />
romael jariskacebs a tipis jvris asawyobad dro (albaT erTi<br />
saaTi mainc) da Sroma daexarjaT. ufro sarwmunoa, rom ieso<br />
b tipis jvarze gaakres, radgan sadurglo saqmeSi gamocdili<br />
jariskaci b tipis jvars ramdenime wuTSi Sekravda.<br />
ieso da pontius pilate<br />
43<br />
romauli kanonis mixed-<br />
viT jvarze sikvdilimisjils<br />
Tavisi mkvlelobis iaraRi –<br />
jvari jvarcmis adgilamde<br />
TviTon unda mietana. xar-<br />
ixisa da boZis zomebis mixed-<br />
viT Zneli ar aris maTi wonis<br />
gansazRvra: xarixis wona sa-<br />
varaudod 60_70 kg unda yo-<br />
filiyo, xolo boZisa – 80_90<br />
kg. Tavad jvris, rogorc er-<br />
Tiani konstruqciis, wona sul<br />
cota 150 kg_ia. aseTi (savarau-<br />
dod, b tipis) jvris golgoTa-<br />
mde marto tarebas ieso ver Se-<br />
Zlebda. `da roca mihyavdaT igi, Seipyres vinme simon kirineli<br />
. . . , da ahkides mas jvari, raTa wamoeRo iesos kvaldakval~<br />
(luka, XXIII. 26). jvris marto tareba simon kirinelsac gau-<br />
Wirdeboda. amitom, savaraudod, simon kirinels jvris erT_<br />
erTi nawilis tareba aiZules _ ` . . . da ahkides mas jvari, raTa<br />
wamoeRo iesos kvaldakval~ (luka, XXIII. 26). simon kirineli<br />
iesos kvalSi miyveba. marTalia, maT jvris sxvadasxva nawilebi<br />
miaqvT, magram orives erTad swored iesos mkvlelobis iaraRi
miaqvs golgoTamde. amitom maTze (iesosa da simon kirinelze)<br />
cal_calkec SegviZlia vTqvaT, jvari miaqvTo (maTe, XXVII. 32);<br />
(markozi, XV. 21). jvarcmis adgili, rogorc wesi, gzis piras,<br />
gzajvaredinTan iyo, xSirad _ SemaRlebul adgilze, raTa<br />
erTi an ramdenime jvarcmulis tanjvisTvis aTasebs eyurebi-<br />
naT da sxvadasxva qalaqebSi ambavi CaetanaT. mizani gasagebi<br />
iyo: erTis samagaliTo dasjiT aTasebi morCilebaSi hyoldaT<br />
(ioane, XIX. 20).<br />
romauli kanonebis mixedviT, sikvdilmisjils, jvars<br />
ieso pontius pilates winaSe<br />
44<br />
jvarcmis adgil-<br />
amde rom miitanda,<br />
aSiSvlebdnen da ise<br />
awvendnen jvarze.<br />
magram iudeaSi ro-<br />
maelebiiTval- iswinebdnen ebraelTa<br />
wes_Cveulebebs da<br />
s i k v d i l m i s j i l s<br />
TeZoebze saxvevs<br />
utovebdnen. tanisa-<br />
moss ki jalaTebi in-<br />
awilebdnen (maTe, XX-<br />
VII. 35); (markozi, XV. 24). sikvdilmisjils xarixaze, ise rom xe-<br />
lebi orive mxares gaSlili hqonoda, lursmnebiT aWedebdnen.<br />
amasTan, lursmans xan xelis mtevnebSi arWobdnen, xanac ma-<br />
jebSi, msxvil da wvril Zvlebs Soris, ise rom mTavari sisxl-<br />
ZarRvi ar daezianebinaT _ winaaRmdeg SemTxvevaSi msjavrde-<br />
buli sisxlisgan swrafad daicleboda da jvarze gakvris<br />
mTavari mizani _ neli da mtanjveli sikvdili ar dadgeboda.<br />
xelebis daWedebis Semdeg jalaTebi sikvdilmisjils fexebs<br />
moaxrevinebdnen da erTmaneTze dadebuli fexis terfebiT
(erTad an cal_calke) boZze<br />
miaWedebdnen. jalaTebma SeamC-<br />
nies, rom Tu jvarze gakruls<br />
fexebs moaxrevinebdnen da<br />
boZze mibjenili fexis terfe-<br />
biT (erTad an cal_calke) mi-<br />
aWedebdnen boZze, msjavrdebu-<br />
lis sxeuli jvarze ekideboda,<br />
mTavari Zala xelebs adgeboda,<br />
rbili qsovili ver uZlebda sx-<br />
eulis simZimes da jvarcmuli<br />
jvridan vardeboda an, Tu<br />
fexebiTac jvarze iyo miWede-<br />
buli, sxeuli qvemoT iweoda, muxlebi win gamodioda, msja-<br />
vrdebuls sunTqva uZneldeboda da swrafad igudeboda. amis<br />
gamo jvarcmis mTavari mizani – neli da mtanjveli sikvdili<br />
miuRweveli rCeboda. amitom romaeli jariskacebi jvarc-<br />
mulis fexebs Soris boZisadmi vertikalurad xan xis naWers<br />
aWedebdnen xolme da jvarze gakruls, rogorc unagirze, ise<br />
mjdomare mdgomare<br />
Semosvamdnen zed (am dros fexebi<br />
Tavisuflad kidia da isini boZze<br />
an TokiT aris mibmuli an miWede-<br />
bulia), xan ki boZze ufro qve-<br />
moT aWedebdnen ficars da msja-<br />
vrdebuls am ficarze ayenebdnen,<br />
fexis terfebs ki am ficarzeve<br />
aWedebdnen. ase rom, SeiZleba<br />
iTqvas, sikvdilmisjili jvarze<br />
`ijda~ an `idga~. aseT SemTx-<br />
vevaSi mas neli sikvdili eloda.<br />
sikvdilis daCqarebis mizniT ms-<br />
45<br />
ieso eklis gvirgviniT
jvris zidva simon kirinelTan<br />
46<br />
javrdebuls zogjer<br />
mwvivebs gadaumt-<br />
vrevdnen xolme. es im<br />
SemTxvevaSi xdeboda,<br />
Tu sikvdilmisjili<br />
jvarze `idga~, radgan<br />
Zvlebis gadamtvrevis<br />
SemTxvevaSi sxeuli<br />
ficar_sadgarze ver<br />
dgeba, ficar_sadgarsa<br />
da sxeuls Soris meqan-<br />
ikuri kavSiri, romelic<br />
ZvlebiT xorcieldeba,<br />
wydeba, sxeuli mxolod xelebiT daWedebuli ekideba jvarze<br />
da, rogorc zemoT aRvniS-<br />
neT, gagudvis gamo swrafad<br />
iRupeba. `jdomis~ SemTx-<br />
vevaSi mwvivebis gadamtvre-<br />
vas azri ara aqvs, radgan<br />
aseT dros fexebi Tavisu-<br />
flad kidia, sadgars ar<br />
ebjineba da maTi gadamt-<br />
vrevis SemTxvevaSi sxeuli<br />
jvarze ar ekideba.<br />
erTad<br />
Cven ar viciT, rogor<br />
iyo ieso jvarze gakruli<br />
_ `ijda~ Tu `idga~. mogvi-<br />
anebiT iesos jvarcmis e.w.<br />
`dgomis~ SemTxveva iqna Ser-<br />
Ceuli (igulisxmeba iesos<br />
jvarcmis gamosaxulebebi<br />
jvris aRmarTva
freskebze, tiloebze da sxv.), albaT esTetikuri mosazre-<br />
biT, radgan `jdomis~ SemTxvevaSi fexebs Soris xis mozrdili<br />
naWeri cudad gamoCndeboda. mravalTa azriT, iesos mdgomare<br />
an mjdomare jvarcmis mosazrebas amyarebs is, rom iesos eub-<br />
nebian, ` . . . Camodi jvridan! ~ (markozi, XV. 30). Cveni azriT, es<br />
ar unda niSnavdes imas, rom ieso jvarze `zis~ an `dgas~ _ anu<br />
jvridan Camosvlisas raime meqanikuri moZraoba unda Seasru-<br />
los _ fexsadgamidan an `unagiridan~ unda gadmovides. sityva<br />
`Camodi~ mxolod mimarTulebas unda gviCvenebdes _ iesos<br />
jvari amaRlebul borcvze idga, jvarcmis Semswre xalxi ki,<br />
Wirisuflebic da seiris mayureblebic, iesos qvemodan zeviT<br />
uyurebdnen, amitom qvemoT myofTa poziciidan ieso zemodan<br />
qvemoT unda Camosuliyo. jvari borcvzec rom ar mdgariyo,<br />
jvarze gakruli mainc zemoT imyofeba qvemoT mdgomebTan<br />
mimarTebaSi.<br />
47<br />
Cveni azriT, jvarcmuli<br />
ieso arc `idga~ da arc `ijda~<br />
jvarze _ igi yovelgvari fex-<br />
sadgamisa da `unagiris~ gar-<br />
eSi iyo jvarze gakruli. ro-<br />
gorc zemoT aRvniSneT, aseT<br />
SemTxvevaSi sikvdilmisjili<br />
swrafad iRupeboda, rasac<br />
iesos jvarze swrafi gar-<br />
dacvalebac adasturebs. ieso<br />
ise male gardaicvala jvarze,<br />
rom sikvdilis dasaCqare-<br />
blad misTvis mwvivebis gadam-<br />
tvrevac ki ar dasWirvebiaT.<br />
anu ieso jvarze, romaelTa<br />
ieso jvarze or avazaks Soris<br />
kanonebis sawinaaRmdegod,
neli da mtanjveli sikvdilis nacvlad, swrafi sikvdiliT<br />
gardaicvala. etyoba, asisTavs, iesos jvarcmisas jariskacebs<br />
(jalaTebs) rom xelmZRvanelobda, `daaviwyda~ maTTvis eTqva,<br />
boZze unagiri an fexsadgami daemagrebinaT da jariskacebmac<br />
ieso pirdapir daaWedes jvarze, ramac misi swrafi sikvdili<br />
gamoiwvia. rogorc Cans, asisTavs viRacam ubrZana, ieso ase<br />
gaekraT jvarze (sxva SemTxvevaSi Zneli warmosadgenia, asisTavs<br />
fexsadgamis an unagiris jvarze damagreba daviwyeboda). da es<br />
viRac sxva aravin ar iqneboda, Tu ara Tavad pontius pilate.<br />
Cveni azriT, pontius pilatem iudevelTa mRvdelmTavrebis<br />
daJinebuli moTxovniT iesos jvarze sikvdilis ganaCeni ki ga-<br />
moutana, magram neli da mtanjveli sikvdilisTvis ver gaimeta<br />
da swrafi sikvdili gadauwyvita (es ki namdvilad mis xelSi<br />
jvarcmuli ieso<br />
48<br />
iyo), rac jariskacTa asisTavma<br />
Seasrula kidec. yovelive ze-<br />
moTqmuls adasturebs pon-<br />
tius pilates moqmedebebi<br />
iesos jvarcmamde da jvarcmis<br />
Semdeg.<br />
mravalTa azriT, pontius<br />
pilates iesos sikvdiliT<br />
dasja ar undoda. ` . . . bWoba<br />
gamarTes mRvdelmTavrebma<br />
uxucesebsa da mwignobrebTan<br />
erTad . . .~ (markozi, XV. 1) `da<br />
mRvdelmTavrebi bevr rasme<br />
sdebdnen bralad~ (markozi,<br />
XV. 2). `da adga mTeli xalxi,<br />
da waiyvanes igi pilatesTan~<br />
(luka, XXII. 1). pilatem gamoh-<br />
kiTxa iesos, Tu raSi sdebdnen
als mRvdelmTavrebi. iesos pasuxi rom moismina, ` . . . uTxra<br />
pilatem mRvdelmTavrebs da xalxs: me verafer brals vpoulob<br />
am kacSi~ (luka, XXIII. 4). amis Semdeg pilatem herode_antipa-<br />
sac gaugzavna ieso msjavris dasadebad imis fiqriT, rom iqneb<br />
is, rogorc iudevelTa uSualo gamrige, ukeT garkveuliyo<br />
iesos braleulobis saqmeSi. magram herodemac `ukan gaugzavna<br />
pilates~ (luka, XXIII. 11). ioanes mixedviT, iesosa da pilates<br />
Soris Teologiur sakiTxebze msjelobac ki gaimarTa (ioane,<br />
XVIII. 33_38). ` . . . kvlav gamovida iudevelebTan da uTxra<br />
maT: me veraviTar brals ver vpoulob masSi~ (ioane, XVIII. 38).<br />
`iudevelebma miuges mas: Cvena gvaqvs rjuli, da Cveni rju-<br />
lis mixedviT, sikvdilis Rirsia, vinaidan RmerTis Zed daisaxa<br />
Tavi~ (ioane, XIX. 7). ` . . . cdilobda pilate gaeSva igi. . . ~ (io-<br />
ane, XIX. 12). amis Semdeg mRvdelmTavrebma iesos ukve politi-<br />
kuri braldeba wauyenes, riTac pilate gamouval mdgomareo-<br />
baSi Caayenes _ iesos gaTavisuflebiT is politikur intrigaSi<br />
gardamoxsna<br />
49
iesos datireba<br />
exveoda: `da daiwyes misi braldeba, da ambobdnen: Cven vnaxeT,<br />
rom es aqezebs xalxs da ukrZalavs keisrisTvis xarkis micemas,<br />
da Tavis Tavs uwodebs qristes, meufes~ (luka, XXIII. 2). ` . . .<br />
Tu mas gauSveb, keisris megobari ara xar. radgan visac mefed<br />
moaqvs Tavi, keisars eurCeba~ (ioane, XIX. 12). `xolo isini ay-<br />
virdnen: waiyva, waiyva, jvars acvi igi! uTxra maT pilatem:<br />
Tqveni mefe jvars vacva? mRvdelmTavrebma miuges: ara gvyavs<br />
mefe, keisris garda~ (ioane, XIX. 15). `maSin misca maT jvarze<br />
sacmelad. . . ~ (ioane, XIX. 16). `da dawera warwera pilatem da<br />
daakra jvars. . . ~ (ioane, XIX. 19), `xolo iudevelTa mRvdelm-<br />
Tavrebma uTxres pilates~ (ioane, XIX. 21), Seecvala warweris<br />
Sinaarsi, rac pilatem ar gaakeTa. pilates es ukanaskneli<br />
qmedeba SeiZleba imiT aixsnas, rom mas, rogorc kerZo pirs,<br />
iesos sikvdiliT dasja ar undoda, magram rogorc romis ad-<br />
50
ministraciul_politikuri moxele, iZulebuli gaxda, iude-<br />
velTa daJinebuli moTxovniT, misi sikvdiliT dasjis brZaneba<br />
gaeca. gaRizianebuli pilate (iqneb sakuTar Tavzec gabraze-<br />
buli) mRvdelmTavrebs mkvaxed eubneba, warweras ar Sevcvli,<br />
` . . . rac davwere, davwere~_o (ioane, XIX. 22).<br />
Cvens mier zemoT gamoTqmul mosazrebaze is faqtic me-<br />
tyvelebs, rom pilatem, romauli kanonebis sawinaaRmdegod,<br />
iesos akldamaSi gadatana<br />
ioseb arimaTiels iesos cxedari gamoatana _ wesiT, sikvdilm-<br />
isjili manam unda yofiliyo jvarze gakruli, sanam mis sx-<br />
euls frinvelebi ar daglejdnen.<br />
ra Tqma unda, Cveni mizani ar aris romis moxele pontius<br />
pilates humanur da kacTmoyvare pirovnebad warmoCena. Sesa-<br />
Zlebelia, saxarebaSi pilates es saxe taqtikuri mosazrebiTac<br />
Seiqmna. saqme isaa, rom axali aRTqma iesos sikvdilidan 40 –<br />
80 wlis Semdeg daiwera da wlebis ganmavlobaSi mravalma gad-<br />
51
iesos akldamaSi dadeba<br />
amwerma masSi sakuTari xedva da mosazreba Seitana. es is pe-<br />
riodia, roca qristianebs ebrZvis romis imperiac da iudeac,<br />
xolo qristianebi qristianobis gasavrceleblad da romis<br />
imperiaSi adgilis dasamkvidreblad ibrZvian. am miznis misaR-<br />
wevad qristianebs, ase vTqvaT, or frontze uwevT brZola –<br />
erTi mowinaaRmdege iudeaa, meore ki warmarTuli romi. Tavad<br />
idea, rom ieso qriste RmerTis Zea, romaelTaTvis ucxo ar<br />
aris _ maTi yvela imperatori xom an RmerTia an RvTaebrivi<br />
apolonis STamomavali! idea, romelic romaelTaTvis met_na-<br />
klebad misaRebia, iudevelTaTvis absoluturad miuRebelia.<br />
am uTanasworo brZolaSi qristianebma iudevelTa winaaRmdeg<br />
yvelaze didi mokavSire ipoves _ Tavad romis imperia! pirveli<br />
qristianebis gzavnili romis imperiisTvis aseTia: Cven, qris-<br />
tianebi, arc keisars verCiT da arc romaelebs, piriqiT, mzad<br />
varT `keisars keisrisa~ gadavuxadoT, oRond nurc Tqven gve-<br />
brZviT. Tqveni prefeqti pontius pilatec xom aras gverCoda<br />
52
_ ufro metic, mas arc undoda iesos sikvdiliT dasja, iudeve-<br />
lebs iZulebuli rom ar gaexadaT. aseTma taqtikam gaamarTla<br />
da sabolood romis imperiaSi qristianebma gaimarjves.<br />
53
amdenime mosazreba ioseb arimaTielisa da<br />
ioanes mier iesos monaTvla<br />
iesos aRdgomis Sesaxeb<br />
54<br />
ieso `jvars acves~ `da<br />
ase, mecxre saaTs xmamaRla<br />
SeRaRada iesom~ `da ganuteva<br />
suli~ (maTe, XXVII. 46, 50). iesos<br />
jvarze sikvdilis Semdeg sas-<br />
waulebi iwyeba: `da ganixvnen<br />
saflavni, da wminda gansveneb-<br />
ulTa mravalni gvamni aRdgnen~<br />
`da gadmovidnen saflavebidan<br />
misi aRdgomis Semdeg, Sevidnen<br />
wminda qalaqSi da gamoecxad-<br />
nen mravalT~ (maTe, XXVII. 52-<br />
53). Cveni azriT, es yovelive<br />
maTe evangelistis fantaziis<br />
nayofia. winaaRmdeg SemTx-<br />
vevaSi gamodis, rom saflavebidan wamomdgari micvalebulebi<br />
Sevidnen ierusalimSi, SeaSines xalxi, TavianT saflavebs aRar<br />
daubrundnen da gaagrZeles ierusalimSi daumarxav mkvdrebad<br />
yofna! miuxedavad imisa, rom Cven Teologiur davas ar vapir-<br />
ebT, mainc moviyvanT amasTan dakavSirebiT pavle mociqulis<br />
azrs: `.... qriste aRdga mkvdreTiT da iqmna pirmSo gansveneb-<br />
ulTa~ (1 korinT. XV. 20), anu, pavle mociquli garkveviT am-<br />
bobs, rom qristemde aravin mkvdreTiT ar aRmdgara!<br />
Semdgom amisa `... wyvdiadma moicva mTeli qveyana (maTe,<br />
XXVII. 45); (markozi, XV. 33); (luka, XXIII. 44). es SesaZlebelia<br />
udabnos qarisagan avardnili mtvris (qviSis) gamoc yofiliyo,<br />
Tumca es movlena amosis winaswarmetyvelebis aRsrulebas mi-<br />
aweres: `im dRes iqneba, ambobs ufali, rom SuadRisas Caviyvan
mzes da dRis sinaTleze davabneleb qveyanas~ (amosi, XII. 9),<br />
xolo luka ufro Sors midis da ambobs, rom `dabnelda mze~<br />
(luka, XXIII. 45). mecnieruli TvalsazrisiT es SeuZlebelia,<br />
radgan paseqs ebraelebi zeimoben savse mTvaris dros, xolo<br />
am dros dedamiwa mzesa da mTvares Soris imyofeba, mzis dab-<br />
nelebis dros ki mTvare dgeba mzesa da dedamiwas Soris.<br />
gavrcelebulia azri, rom jvarcmul iesos rom moswyurda,<br />
mas wylis magivrad Zmari miawodes. `iqve idga ZmriT savse Wur-<br />
Weli, xolo maT gauJRinTes Rrubeli ZmriT, usups wamoacves<br />
da pirTan miutanes mas~ (ioane, XIX. 29). saqme is aris, rom wy-<br />
alSi gazavebuli Zmari romaeli jariskacebis kvebis racionSi<br />
Sedioda da misiT savse WurWeli yovelTvis Tan unda etare-<br />
binaT (Zmari wyals gafuWebisagan icavda da wyurvilsac ufro<br />
ieso simonTan da andriasTan erTad<br />
galileis tbaze<br />
55<br />
kargad klavda).<br />
j a r i s k a c m a ,<br />
romelmac Rru-<br />
beli xis tots<br />
wamoacva, is<br />
sasmeli mia-<br />
woda iesos,<br />
romelsac Ta-<br />
vad svamda. Cven<br />
Sors varT im<br />
azrisagan, rom<br />
iesos mimarT<br />
romaeli jariskacebis es saqcieli maT humanurobas mivaw-<br />
eroT, miTumetes, Tu gavixsenebT maT mier iesos usastikesad<br />
garozgvas. magram am SemTxvevaSi jariskacma iesos wyurvili<br />
mainc moukla, SeiZleba imitom, rom is gauwylovanebisagan ar<br />
momkvdariyo, radgan ainteresebdaT, marTla gadmovidoda Tu<br />
ara ieso jvridan: `... moicaT, vnaxoT, mova Tu ara elia mis
iesos qadageba mTaze<br />
56<br />
Camosaxsnelado~ (markozi,<br />
XV. 36).<br />
ioanes saxarebis mixed-<br />
viT, `... erTma meomarma<br />
Subi aZgera ferdSi, da my-<br />
isve gadmosCqefa sisxlma<br />
da wyalma~ (ioane, XIX. 34).<br />
TavisTavad Cndeba azri,<br />
rom Tu ieso ukve gar-<br />
dacvlili iyo _ `xolo<br />
rodesac iesosTan mivid-<br />
nen, dainaxes, rom ukve<br />
momkvdariyo...~ (ioane, XIX.<br />
33) _ Subis Zgerebis Sem-<br />
deg, Tu sisxlma Sededeba<br />
ver moaswro, sxeulidan<br />
mxolod sisxli `gadmosCqefda~, xolo Tu sisxlma Sededeba<br />
moaswro, maSin araferi ar `gadmosCqefda~. Cveni azriT, ioanem<br />
arasakmarisad miiCnia, Subis Zgerebis Semdeg mxolod sisxls<br />
rom `gadmoeCqefa~ da wyalic daumata, wyali, romelic, ro-<br />
gorc RvTaebrivi simbolo, Tan sdevs ioanes saxarebas. magal-<br />
iTad, ieso ambobs: `vinc ar daibadeba wylisa da sulisagan, ver<br />
Seva RvTis sasufevelSi~ (ioane, III. 5); `da visac swams Cemi …..<br />
misi muclidan warmodindebian cocxali wylis mdinareni~ (io-<br />
ane, VII. 38). rac Seexeba Subis Zgerebas, ar aris gamoricxuli,<br />
jariskacebs Subi marTla `eZgerebinaT ferdSi~ iesosTvis imis<br />
gasarkvevad, mokvda Tu ara ieso.<br />
romauli kanonebis mixedviT, gardacvalebis Semdeg<br />
sikvdilmisjili manamade unda yofiliyo jvarze gakruli, sa-<br />
nam mas mtacebeli frinveli ar daglejda. ebrauli kanonebis<br />
mixedviT ki gardacvlils jvridan xsnidnen da mzis Casvlamde
ieso da misi mowafeebi yanaSi<br />
57<br />
marxavdnen qalaqis ga-<br />
reT gaunaTlav saerTo<br />
sasaflaoze. iudeaSi<br />
romauli kanonebi<br />
ebraelebs uflebas<br />
aZlevda jvarcmuli<br />
naTesavebisa da axlo-<br />
blebisaTvis gadaecaT,<br />
Tu es ukanasknelni<br />
isurvebdnen jvarc-<br />
mulis dakrZalvas.<br />
swored am mizniT _<br />
iesos cxedris gamosax-<br />
snelad mivida pilates-<br />
Tan vinme ioseb arima-<br />
Tieli (maTe, XXVII. 57,<br />
58); (markozi, XV. 43-45);<br />
(luka, XXIII. 50-52); (ioane,<br />
XIX. 38). darwmunebiT Sei-<br />
Zleba Tqma, rom ieso nelsacxeblebis cxebis gareSe `dakrZa-<br />
les kldeSi gamokveTil samarxSi~_ micvalebulis gasapatios-<br />
neblad dro aRar rCeboda, radgan SabaTi axlovdeboda: `da<br />
iyo dRe paraskevi da Tendeboda SabaTi~ (luka, XXII. 54), xolo<br />
SabaTs, rjulis mixedviT, marTlmorwmune ebraels yvela mo-<br />
qmedeba (saqmis keTeba) akrZaluli hqonda. `xolo man iyida<br />
tilo (saubaria ioseb arimaTielze _ a. t.) da Camoxsna igi<br />
jvridan, gaaxvia tiloSi da samarxSi daasvena ... ~ (markozi,<br />
XV. 46). amasve gadmogvcems maTesa da lukas saxarebebic (maTe,<br />
XXVII. 59-60); (luka, XXIII. 53). am saxarebebSi ar aris laparaki<br />
imaze, rom iesos dakrZalvis win nelsacxeblebi scxes, lapara-<br />
kia mxolod misi sxeulis tiloSi gaxvevaze. es rom asea, iqi
danac Cans, rom galilevelma qalebma, romlebic jvarcmas da<br />
Semdeg gardamoxsnas eswrebodnen, kargad icodnen, rom iesos<br />
cxedari ar ganubaniaT da nelsacxeblebi ar ucxiaT. amasTan<br />
dakavSirebiT lukas saxarebaSi vkiTxulobT: `da mihynen gali-<br />
leidan iesosTan erTad mosuli qalebic, da ixiles samarxic<br />
da isic, Tu rogor daido misi sxeuli. xolo Semdeg dabrund-<br />
nen da moamzades surnelovani sakmeveli da nelsacxebeli ...<br />
xolo kviris pirvel dRes, gamzadebuli nelsacxeblebiT, di-<br />
ieso da mariam magdaleli<br />
lauTenia mividnen saflavTan...~ (luka, XXIII. 55-56; XXIV. 1).<br />
amasve ambobs markozis saxarebac (markozi, XV. 46-47; XVI. 1-2).<br />
ase rom, iesosTvis nelsacxeblebi rom ecxo vinmes, es gali-<br />
level qalebs aucileblad ecodinebodaT da arc nelsacxe-<br />
blebis momzadeba dasWirdebodaT, rom kviras dilauTenia mi-<br />
suliyvnen iesos akldamasTan. ioane ver egueba im faqts, rom<br />
58
ieso nelsacxeblebis cxebis gareSe dakrZales (imis miuxeda-<br />
vad, rom amisi obieqturi mizezebi arsebobda) da Tavis sax-<br />
arebaSi xazgasmiT ambobs, ieso `Cveulebisamebr~ daikrZala, da<br />
vinme nikodemem `... moitana murisa da aloes nazavi, asiod li-<br />
tra ...~, `... aiRes iesos sxeuli da gaaxvies tiloSi, nelsacxe-<br />
blebTan erTad, rogorc Cveulebisamebr marxaven iudevelni~<br />
(`ioane, XX. 40). ioane nikodemes nelsacxeblebsac ar sjerdeba<br />
da Tavis saxarebaSi imasac ixsenebs, rogor scxo iesos mari-<br />
amma iesos damarxvis dRisaTvis Senaxuli mironi beTaniaSi (io-<br />
ane, XII. 3, 7).<br />
CvenTvis ucnobia, Tu konkretulad sad daikrZala ieso.<br />
markozis da lukas saxarebebi amis Sesaxeb arafers gveubneba,<br />
ieso lazares debis,<br />
marTasa da mariamis<br />
saxlSi<br />
maTes saxarebis mixedviT akl-<br />
dama ioseb arimaTiels ekuT-<br />
vnoda (maTe, XXVII. 60), xolo<br />
ioanes mixedviT ieso naCqare-<br />
vad damarxes baRSi, sadac iyo<br />
`... samarxi, romelSic manamde<br />
aravin daesvenebinaT~ (ioane,<br />
XIX. 41), magram imaze arafers<br />
ambobs, Tu vis ekuTvnoda baRi,<br />
Tumca mogvianebiT gvacnobebs,<br />
rom baRs mebaRec hyavda (ioane,<br />
XX. 15). petres saxarebis av-<br />
toris mixedviT, es baRi ioseb<br />
arimaTiels ekuTvnoda (petres<br />
saxareba, 24).<br />
iesos dapatimrebis Rames<br />
misma mowafeebma, imis SiSiT, rom maTac igive elodaT, miato-<br />
ves TavianTi moZRvari da ierusalimSi miimalnen, mogvianebiT<br />
ki galileaSi gaqceviT uSveles Tavs, riTac gasaocari sulis<br />
59
simdable gamoavlines. ioanes saxareba ki gvimtkicebs, rom io-<br />
ane, iesos sayvareli mowafe, eswreboda iesos jvarcmas da rom<br />
ioanes saxarebac misive dawerilia, rasac TiTqos adasturebs<br />
kidec ioanes saxarebis erT-erTi bolo winadadeba, rom `es<br />
aris mowafe, romelic mowmobs amas, da dawera es. da viciT,<br />
rom WeSmaritia mowmoba misi~ (ioane, XXI. 24), magram es ar See-<br />
sabameba simarTles. ioanes saxareba vinme ucnobi qristianis<br />
mier aris dawerili da meti damajereblobisaTvis ioane masSi<br />
isea moxseniebuli, rogorc cocxali. es saxareba rom ioane<br />
mociqulis dawerili iyos, igi mesame pirSi ar daiwyebda amis<br />
mtkicebas. amasve mowmobs ioanes saxarebis epizodebi (ioane,<br />
XII. 23-25; XIX. 26-27). amas garda, bevri sxva gamokvlevac arse-<br />
bobs, romelic adasturebs, rom ioanes saxareba ioane moci-<br />
qulis kalams ar ekuTvnis, magram axala amaze saubari Sors<br />
wagviyvans. faqtia, rom iesos jvarcmas misi arcerTi mowafe<br />
ar daswrebia.<br />
SevecadoT warmovidginoT iesos jvarcmasa da misi<br />
jvarze sikvdilis scena. jvari, romelzec ieso gaakres, idga<br />
ieso da samariteli qali WasTan<br />
60<br />
SemaRlebul adgilas,<br />
romelsac golgoTa er-<br />
qva. qvemoT mdgomebs<br />
kargad SeeZloT dae-<br />
naxaT iesos tanjva<br />
da Tvali edevnebinaT<br />
misi cxovrebis bolo<br />
wuTebisaTvis. saR-<br />
amovdeboda, udabnos<br />
qari uberavda, SubebiT<br />
SeiaraRebuli romaeli<br />
jariskacebi yviriliTa<br />
da SeZaxilebiT kravdnen wres jvarcmulTa garSemo. iqve idga
seiris mayurebelTa didi<br />
brbo, yoveli mxridan is-<br />
moda iesos da misi mim-<br />
devrebis wyevla-krulva,<br />
dacinva da momakvdavi<br />
iesos abuCad agdeba. mo-<br />
ZaladeTa brboSi Cakar-<br />
guliyvnen umweo gali-<br />
leveli qalebi _ iesos<br />
deda mariami, mariam mag-<br />
daleli, ioana, zebedes<br />
ZeTa deda... maT yursac<br />
miswvda is ambavi, rom<br />
jvarcmulebs, romle-<br />
bic jer kidev cocxlebi<br />
iyvnen, mRvdelTmTavrebi,<br />
maTi rjulisamebr, sikvdilis Semdeg jvarze ver datovebdnen<br />
da mzis Casvlamde unda daemarxaT. Tan SabaTi axlovdeboda.<br />
saWiro iyo jvarcmulTa sikvdilis daCqareba. amitomac gadaw-<br />
yvites kaci gaegzavnaT pilatesTan, rom jvarcmulTaTvis<br />
mwvivebis gadamtvrevis ufleba aeRoT da amiT daeCqarebinaT<br />
maTi sikvdili. ismendnen yovelive amas umweo galileveli qa-<br />
lebi da uZlurni iyvnen win aRdgomodnen borotebas. imasac<br />
xedavdnen galileveli qalebi, rom iesos dalursmuli xel-<br />
fexi da maTraxiT daglejili sxeuli ise ar stkioda, rogorc<br />
imaze swydeboda guli, rom jer sisxlismierma Zmebma miatoves,<br />
axla ki mowafeebmac uRalates.<br />
ieso bavSvebTAn erTad<br />
es sircxvili qristianebs ioseb arimaTielma moswminda.<br />
aravin icis, istoriuli pirovnebaa Tu ara ioseb arimaTieli.<br />
mas axali aRTqma sul ramdenime winadadebiT moixseniebs.<br />
SesaZloa is bibliuri personaJic iyo, msgavsad aRmosavleli<br />
61
mogvebisa. magram swored ioseb arimaTieli aRmoCnda saWiro<br />
adgilas yvelaze saWiro dros. rom ara ioseb arimaTieli, dab-<br />
neuli, SeSinebuli da sasowarkveTili galileveli qalebi ver<br />
gabedavdnen pontius pilatesTan misvlas da iesos cxedris<br />
gamoTxovas. ioseb arimaTielma ki gabedulad itvirTa es huma-<br />
nuri saqme da uSiSrad mivida pontius pilatesTan iesos cxe-<br />
dris gamosaTxovad. man icoda, rom am nabijiT did riskze mid-<br />
ioda da Tavs safrTxeSi igdebda _ mRvdelmTavrebis risxvas<br />
rom udaod daimsaxurebda, es naTeli iyo da SeiZleboda arc<br />
pilates daerTo neba cxedris waRebisa da mRvdelmTavrebis<br />
risxvas pilates guliswyromac damateboda. rom ara ioseb ara-<br />
iesos mier avadmyofis<br />
gankurneba<br />
62<br />
imaTieli, mRvdelmTavrebi<br />
iesos cxedars uwmindur,<br />
gaunaTlav adgilas dafla-<br />
vdnen. SesaZloa, ioseb<br />
arimaTieli arc iyo iesos<br />
mimdevari, magram usamarT-<br />
lobam, TanamoZmeTa ugu-<br />
lobam da galileveli qa-<br />
lebis umweobam SeZra da<br />
gaabedvina am nabijis ga-<br />
dadgma. amitom aris, rom<br />
iesos mimdevrebi, ioseb<br />
arimaTielis saqcieliT<br />
gakvirvebulebi, mas `mdi-<br />
dar~, `warCinebul mrCev-<br />
lad~ moixsenieben. ioane<br />
kidev ufro Sors midis da<br />
ioseb arimaTielze ambobs, `iesos mowafe~ iyoo (ioane, XIX. 38).<br />
mokled, ioseb arimaTieli rom ara, aravin iyo galileveli<br />
qalebis Semwe da nugeSismcemeli.
gardamoxsnis Semdeg ioseb arimaTielma ieso `ebrauli we-<br />
sisamebr~ dakrZala da akldamas lodi miado. swored ioseb<br />
arimaTielis am gabeduli saqcielis wyalobiT Seityves gali-<br />
levelma qalebma, Tu sad iyo ieso dakrZaluli da kvira dRes<br />
mis akldamasTan mividnen. swored ioseb arimaTielis mier<br />
midebuli lodis gadagorebis Semdeg euwya qveyanas iesos aR-<br />
dgoma.<br />
Cven gvinda ramdenime mosazreba gamovTqvaT ioseb ari-<br />
maTielis Sesaxeb. warmoSobiT igi iudeis qalaq arimaTeadan<br />
unda yofiliyo. magram gakvirvebas iwvevs is, Tu raSi das-<br />
iesos qadageba<br />
Wirda warCinebul da mdidar arimaTiels ierusalimis max-<br />
loblad sakuTari akldamis aSeneba (kldeSi gamoWra). msgavsi<br />
akldamis kldeSi gamoWra mas aseTive warmatebiT SeeZlo ari-<br />
maTeis maxlobladac. gakvirvebas kidev ufro aZlierebs is,<br />
63
om misi akldama mdebareobda baRSi golgoTis maxloblad,<br />
im golgoTisa, sadac sikvdilmisjilebs jvarze akravdnen.<br />
ara gvgonia, ioseb arimaTielis SesaZleblobisa da gaqanebis<br />
kacs aseT adgilas moendomebina sakuTari Tavisa da ojaxis<br />
wevrebis dakrZalva. ufro sarwmunoa, rom ioseb arimaTielma<br />
iesos cxedari golgoTis maxloblad mdebare baRSi droe-<br />
biT dakrZala (gadamala) saxeldaxelo akldamaSi, samarxSi,<br />
`romelSic manamde aravin daesvenebinaT~ (ioane, XIX. 41). Cveni<br />
azriT, am winadadebidan Cans, rom es `samarxi~ micvalebulTa<br />
dasamarxad ar iyo gankuTvnili da ai ratom: TavisTavad si-<br />
tyva `samarxi~ niSnavs micvalebulis dakrZalvis adgils,<br />
romelSic imTaviTve carieli adgili igulisxmeba, anu, Tu sa-<br />
marxSi vinme marxia, is axali micvalebulis samarxi ver iqneba.<br />
ioanes saxarebis avtors sityva `samarxisaTvis~ rom ar miewera<br />
winadadeba `romelSic manamde aravin daesvenebinaT~ da marto<br />
samarxis aRniSvniT dakmayofilebuliyo, Cven, ra Tqma unda,<br />
sityvaSi `samarxi~ cariel adgils vigulisxmebdiT. magram am<br />
miniSnebis gamo _ `romelSic manamde aravin daesvenebinaT~ _<br />
unda vigulisxmoT, rom es samarxi is adgili ki ar aris, rasac<br />
es sityva, Cveulebriv, aRniSnavs, aramed raRac uCveulo adg-<br />
ilia, romelsac specialuri ganmarteba dasWirda _ `... samarxi,<br />
romelSic manamade aravin daesvenebinaT~, sxva sityvebiT rom<br />
vTqvaT, iseTi tipis samarxia, romelSic micvalebulebs, ro-<br />
gorc wesi, ar marxaven.<br />
rogorc Cans, ioseb arimaTielma iesos cxedari baRSi ga-<br />
damala da zed lodi miafara. Cveni azriT, rogori uSiSari<br />
da gabedulic ar unda yofiliyo ioseb arimaTieli, jvarc-<br />
muls, romelic, ebrauli kanonebis mixedviT, wesiT, uwmindur<br />
adgilas unda damarxuliyo, vinme warCinebuli adamianis, ucxo<br />
piris cariel akldamaSi ver daasvenebda, Tundac droebiT<br />
(ioseb arimaTielis mier iesos cxedris droebiT dakrZalvaSi<br />
64
cxedris gadamalva igulisxmeba).<br />
es mosazreba amyarebs azrs imis Sesaxeb, rom ieso, savarau-<br />
dod, droebiT, micvalebulTaTvis uCveulo adgilas iqna da-<br />
krZaluli _ baRSi, SesaZloa, kldis napralSi. bunebrivia, am<br />
SemTxvevaSi ioseb arimaTiels mebaRis Tanxmobac dasWird-<br />
eboda. marTalia, saxarebidan ar Cans, magram SesaZloa ioseb<br />
arimaTielma mebaRe saflavs mcvelad dauyena. rogorc Cans,<br />
amis Sesaxeb mariam magdalelmac icis. es rom asea da mebaRec<br />
rom daeswro iesos dakrZalvas, iqidanac Cans, rom kvira<br />
diliT mariam magdalelma `ucxo mamakaci~ rom dainaxa, ucbad<br />
mebaRed miiCnia is.<br />
sainteresoa aRiniSnos, rom egvipteSi aRmoaCines koptur enaze<br />
dawerili e.w. aRdgomis krebuli, saidanac irkveva, rom am mebaRes, rom-<br />
lisTvisac iesos Svili mourCenia, filogeni rqmevia da is iesos<br />
iesos mier bavSvis gankurneba<br />
65<br />
mimdevari yofila.<br />
d a k r Z a l v i s a s<br />
filogens iesos<br />
deda mariamisTvis<br />
uTqvams, iudevel<br />
mRvdelmTavrebs<br />
iesos saidumlo<br />
adgilas da-<br />
krZalva undodaT,<br />
rom mis mowafeebs<br />
neSti ar moeparaT<br />
da me SevTavaze<br />
mRvdelmTavrebs, Cems baRSi arsebul akldamaSi davkrZalav<br />
da meve vudarajeb, rom aravin waiRoso. gulSi ki gavifiqre,<br />
ambobs filogeni, iudevelebi rom daiSlebian, gamoval, iesos<br />
nelsacxeblebs vcxeb da sxva adgilas gadavasvenebo. aseT Sem-<br />
TxvevaSi gasakviri ar aris, kvira diliT misul galilevel
Wirisufal qalebs iesos akldama carieli rom daxvdaT. amas-<br />
Tan, mariam magdaleli Tavis fiqrebSi da iesos mowafeebTan<br />
saubarSi uSvebs im azrs, rom iesos cxedari vinmes SeeZlo<br />
sxvagan waeRo (gadaesvenebina an gadaemala). `... samarxidan wau-<br />
RiaT ufali, da ar viciT, sad dadves igi~ (ioane, XX. 2; XX. 13).<br />
`mas egona, mebaReao, da uTxra mas: batono, Tu Sen waiRe igi,<br />
miTxari, sad dade, da me aviReb mas~ (ioane, XX. 15).<br />
maTes saxareba gveubneba, rom `mRvdelmTavrebma~ `... sa-<br />
marxis dasacavad dabeWdes lodi da daraji dauyenes~ (maTe,<br />
XXVII. 62-66). petres saxarebis mixedviT, pilatem `mRvdelm-<br />
Tavrebs da mwignobrebs~ romaeli jariskacebis dacvac gaay-<br />
ola petroniusis meTaurobiT.<br />
saqme is aris, rom roca iesos pirvel mimdevrebSi car-<br />
ieli saflavis (akldamis) gamo gaCnda iesos aRdgomis idea,<br />
skeptikosebma es idea ar miiRes da gamoTqves azri, rom ieso<br />
ki ar aRdga, aramed misma mimdevrebma moipares misi cxedari<br />
da gadamales. amis sapasuxod pirveli qristianebi iZule-<br />
buli gaxdnen SeeTxzaT legenda, romelic neStis moparvas<br />
imTaviTve gamoricxavda. ase gaCnda versia, rom pilates-<br />
Tan mividnen `mRvdelmTavarni da farisevelni~ da mas iesos<br />
saflavTan dacvis dayeneba mosTxoves, radgan `... gagvaxsenda<br />
... Tqva: sami dRis Semdeg aRvdgebio~ da rom maT (mRvdelmTa-<br />
varT da farisevelT), iesos am sityvebis ar sjeraT, magram<br />
SiSoben, rom iesos mowafeebma `ar moiparon igi da ar uTxran<br />
xalxs: mkvdreTiT aRdgao...~ (maTe, XVII. 63-64), anu iudevelma<br />
mRvdelmTavrebma winaswar ganWvrites, rom gaCndeboda rwmena<br />
iesos aRdgomisa. maTes saxarebis mixedviT, iesos aRdgomis<br />
Semdeg mcvelebi wavidnen qalaqSi da moaxsenes mRvdelm-<br />
Tavrebs, rac moxda (maTe, XXVIII. 11-12). mRvdelmTavrebi maT<br />
naambobs, cxadia, ar daijerebdnen da obieqtur gamoZiebas<br />
moiTxovdnen, romelic simarTles daadgenda. maTes mixedviT<br />
66
ki moxda piriqiT _ mRvdelmTavrebma didi qrTami misces mcve-<br />
lebs `da uTxres: TqviT, rom misi mowafeebi movidnen RamiT<br />
da, vidre geZinaT, moipares igi~ (maTe, XXVIII. 13). maTes sax-<br />
arebidan Cans, rom mRvdelmTavrebma da uxucesebma daijeres<br />
jariskacebis monayoli iesos aRdgomis Sesaxeb da moqrTamviT<br />
aTqmevines sicrue simarTlis nacvlad. aqedan erTi daskvnis<br />
gamotana SeiZleba – Tu mRvdelmTavrebi irwmunebdnen iesos<br />
mkvdreTiT aRdgomas, maSin isini misi mimdevrebi gaxdebodnen<br />
da amiT yvelaferi damTavrdeboda, xolo Tu ar daijerebdnen,<br />
arc qrTams ar miscemdnen jariskacebs.<br />
amis garda, Tu iesos akldama marTlac dabeWdili iyo da<br />
xelisuflebis brZanebiT mas jariskacebi (sulerTia, ieru-<br />
salimis taZris dacva Tu romaelebi) icavdnen, amis Sesaxeb<br />
iesos mimdevrebsac ecodinebodaT. Sesabamisad, galilevel<br />
qalebs, kvira diliT nelsacxeblebiT iesos akldamisken rom<br />
midiodnen, ar unda hqonodaT imis imedi, rom dacva maT iesos<br />
cxedramde miuSvebda. xolo Tu imedi hqondaT, rom iesos nel-<br />
sacxeblebs scxebdnen da erTaderTi dabrkoleba saflavze mi-<br />
yudebuli mZime lodi iyo, maSin maT icodnen, rom saflavTan<br />
dacva ar idga da xelsac veravin SeuSlidaT.<br />
msgavsi naklebad damajerebeli Sinaarsis epizodebi sax-<br />
arebaSi mravlad aris, magram isini erT mizans emsaxureba _<br />
iesos mimdevrebma iudevelebs da Semdeg romis imperias unda<br />
daumtkicon, rom ieso RmerTkacia. xdeba ara mxolod iesos<br />
biografiis, aramed misi genealogiuri xazis Selamazeba. ase<br />
magaliTad, maTe iosebis genealogiur samefo xazs abraamidan<br />
iwyebs da iosebamde Camodis: `... eliazarma Sva matTani; mat-<br />
Tanma Sva iakobi...~ (maTe, I. 15); ... iakobma Sva iosebi...~ (maTe, I.<br />
16), rasac unda mohyoloda logikuri gagrZeleba, rom iosebma<br />
Sva ieso, magram maTe icavs mTavar qristianul dogmats mari-<br />
amis mier iesos `suliwmindisagan~ Sobisa, da brwyinvale gamo-<br />
67
iesos didebiT Sesvla ierusalimSi<br />
savals poulobs _ is wyvets iosebis genealogiur xazs, svams<br />
Sig sityvebs `qmari mariamisa~ da ase agrZelebs: `... iakobma Sva<br />
iosebi, qmari mariamisa, visganac iSva ieso...~ (maTe, I. 16)<br />
amave gzas adgas lukac. lukac amtkicebs, rom iosebi, naz-<br />
areveli xuro, mZime SromiT Zlivs rom gaaqvs Tavi, daviTis<br />
sisxlismieri naTesavia. pirvelive winadadebaSi luka iesoze<br />
ambobs, iosebis Ze egonaTo, da amis Semdeg adamamde da Rmer-<br />
Tamde agrZelebs iosebis genealogiur xazs (luka, II. 23-38).<br />
Tu ieso SecdomiT miiCnies iosebis Zed (`egonaT~), maSin ra<br />
kavSirSia daviTis naTesaoba iesosTan!<br />
zemoT ukve aRvniSneT, rom iesos yvela mowafem, ukve iesos<br />
dapatimrebis Rames Tu ara, meore dRes, saswrafod datova<br />
ierusalimi imis SiSiT, rom mRvdelmTavrebs iesos yvelaze<br />
68
cnobili mimdevrebic ar daepatimrebinaT, da SeSinebulebma<br />
galileas Seafares Tavi. rom ara galileveli qalebi, maT arc<br />
ki ecodinebodaT, sad dakrZales ieso.<br />
warmovidginoT, rom ioseb arimaTieli ar yofiliyo iq<br />
iesos jvarcmisas da ar moemoqmedebina is, rac moimoqmeda<br />
_ anu amoviRoT ioseb arimaTieli da misi qmedebani saxare-<br />
bidan da vnaxoT, rogor ganviTardeba movlenebi ioseb ari-<br />
mevaxSeebis gamodevna taZridan<br />
XVI. 10), erTad Seiyrebodnen.<br />
maTielis gareSe. aseT<br />
SemTxvevaSi marto dar-<br />
Cenili galileveli qa-<br />
lebi iesos cxedars ver<br />
gamoixsnidnen, iudeveli<br />
mRvdelmTavrebi iesos<br />
cxedars qalaqis meore<br />
boloSi arsebul saerTo<br />
saflavSi daflavdnen da<br />
iesos saflavis adgilsa-<br />
myofeli aravis ecodine-<br />
boda, maT Soris, bune-<br />
brivia, arc galilevel<br />
qalebs. ramdenime dRis<br />
Semdeg isini galileaSi<br />
dabrundebodnen, iesos<br />
mowafeebi da mimdevrebi<br />
ki, romlebic `tirodnen<br />
da moTqvamdnen~ (markozi,<br />
swored iq, galileaSi, iesos mowafeebma da mimdevrebma,<br />
TavianTi sulmokleobis misaCqmalad _ gavixsenoT Tundac pe-<br />
tres mier iesos sagzis uaryofa (maTe, XXVI. 70, 72, 74) _ wa-<br />
moayenes idea, rom TiTqos iesom maT Tavisi jvarcmis Semdeg<br />
galileaSi wasvla ubrZana (maTe, XXVII. 7). `... wadiT, auwyeT<br />
69
Cems Zmebs, rom galileas wavidnen, da iq mixilaven me~ (maTe,<br />
XXVII. 10); `xolo Cemi aRdgomis Semdeg wagiZRvebiT Tqven gali-<br />
leisaken~ (markozi, XIV. 28); `xolo TerTmeti moswavle gali-<br />
leas wavida, mTaze, sadac ubrZana maT iesom~ (maTe, XXVIII. 16).<br />
iesos Wirisufali qalebi galileaSi rom dabrundnen da<br />
iesos jvarze sikvdilis ambavi Camoitanes, iqve daibada iesos<br />
`aRdgomis~ idea, rom `qriste aRdga~. magram rogor daumt-<br />
kicon iesos mimdevrebma danarCen iudeas iesos xorcieli<br />
aRdgoma? micvalebulis (gardacvlilis) xorcieli aRdgomi-<br />
saTvis aucilebelia (da ara sakmarisia) aTxrili saflavi an<br />
ieso mowafeebTan erTad<br />
aklamidan gadagorebuli mZime lodi, agreTve akldamasTan<br />
dayrili tiloebi an dakecili sudara da misTanani. anu, roca<br />
vambobT, rom gardacvlili xorcielad aRdga, igulisxmeba,<br />
rom man saxeze dafarebuli tiloebi da tanze Semoxveuli<br />
70
sudara moixsna, iqve daawyo, mZime lodi gadaagora da ak-<br />
ldamidan gamovida. magram es ar aris sakmarisi _ SeiZleba<br />
lodic gadagorebuli iyos, sudara da tiloebic dakecili<br />
ewyos, magram es ar niSnavdes, rom micvalebuli xorcielad<br />
aRdga _ sruliad SesaZlebelia, rom micvalebuli vinmes ga-<br />
daesvenebina, gadaemala da sxva. maSasadame, Tu ieso miusafar<br />
adgilas dakrZales, saWiroa davamtkicoT, rom igi am adgilas<br />
ar daukrZalavT, saWiroa davamtkicoT, rom igi dakrZales<br />
`... rogorc Cveulebisamebr marxaven iudevelebi~ (ioane, XIX.<br />
40). magram rogor movawyoT iesos dakrZalva, Tu mis jvarc-<br />
mas arcerTi mamakaci (igulisxmeba misi mowafeebi) ar eswreba?<br />
ai, swored aq Cndeba `ioseb arimaTieli~, romelic araTu<br />
gamoiTxovs iesos cxedars pilatesagan, aramed dakrZalavs<br />
kidec droebiT, marTalia, ara Cveulebriv `samarxSi~ aramed<br />
samarxSi, `romelSic manamde aravin daesvenebinaT~ da akldama-<br />
sac did lods miafarebs, raTa meore dRes igi gadagorebuli<br />
ixilon. Cveni Rrma rwmeniT, ioseb arimaTieli ar aris istori-<br />
uli pirovneba, is bibliuri personaJia, magram mniSvnelovani<br />
figuraa, romelmac maSinve SeiZina saxeli `ioseb arimaTieli~,<br />
aRmosavleli mogvebisagan gansxvavebiT, romelTac kaspari,<br />
balTazari da melqiori mogvianebiT ewodaT. daujerebelia,<br />
rom iesos mowafeebs uklebliv yvelas ise ewama iesos aRd-<br />
goma, rom amis damadasturebeli araferi ar hqonodaT. miTu-<br />
metes, Cven viciT, rom yvela maTganma SemdgomSi mowameobrivi<br />
sikvdiliT daamTavra sicocxle, anu isini sakuTar rwmenas<br />
Seewirnen. adamianma SeiZleba sakuTari rwmenis gamo gawiros<br />
sicocxle (istoriam amis uamravi magaliTi icis), miuxedavad<br />
imisa, obieqtur simarTles warmoadgens Tu ara misi mrwamsi,<br />
magram sicruisa da tyuilis gamo Tavs aravin wiravs. xom ar<br />
arsebobda kidev raRac Zalian mniSvnelovani, romelmac Seu-<br />
ryevlad ganumtkica maT rwmena iesos aRdgomisa?<br />
71
Cveni azriT, es raRac Zalian mniSvnelovani ram aris swo-<br />
rad is, rom jvarcmidan meore dRes iesos saflavi carieli<br />
iyo _ masSi ieso aRar esvena! iudevelebi dumdnen, roca iesos<br />
mimdevrebi mis aRdgomaze laparakobdnen ierusalimSi. ebrael<br />
ieso nazareveli<br />
72<br />
mRvdelmTavrebs an<br />
romaelebs iesos<br />
cxedari damaluli<br />
rom hqonodaT, ma-<br />
Sinve gamoaCend-<br />
nen mas da amiT<br />
yovelgvar miTqma-<br />
moTqmas erTxel da<br />
samudamod bolos<br />
mouRebdnen. magram<br />
es ase ar moxda.<br />
SevexoT erT<br />
TvalSisacem gare-<br />
moebas: lukas sax-<br />
areba, erTi mxriv,<br />
gvimtkicebs, rom<br />
ieso aRdga da aR-<br />
dga xorcielad.<br />
iesom gatexa puri<br />
(luka, XXIV. 30), mas aqvs xorci da Zvlebi (luka, XXIV. 39-40),<br />
Wams Tevzs da Tafls (luka, XXIV. 41-43), xolo, meores mxriv,<br />
mogviTxrobs iseTi rameebis Sesaxeb, romlebic ar SeiZleba<br />
moimoqmedos xorcielma arsebam: ieso, daelaparaka ra mowa-<br />
feebs, `... maSinve uCinari Seiqmna maTTvis.~ (luka, XXIV. 31),<br />
xolo mogvianebiT maT Soris aseve uecrad Cadga `... TviTon<br />
ieso Cadga maT Soris...~ (luka, XXIV. 36). aq luka im faqts gu-<br />
lisxmobs, romelsac ioane ufro detalurad aRwers: `... roca
saxlis kari, sadac iyvnen mowafeebi, iudevelTa SiSiT dax-<br />
Suli iyo, movida ieso, SuaSi dadga...~ (ioane, XX. 19); `rva dRis<br />
Semdeg kvlav saxlSi iyvnen misi mowafeebi ... da Sevida ieso,<br />
Tumca daxSuli iyo kari, maT Soris dadga...~ (ioane, XX. 26).<br />
pirvelad iesom mxolod xelebi da ferdi uCvena Tavis mowa-<br />
feebs, xolo meore mosvlaze Tomas xelebi uCvena da ferdSi<br />
Caayofina xeli (ioane, XX. 20, 27). amas garda, mowafeebTan er-<br />
Tad man Wama Semwvari Tevzi da puri (ioane, XX. 5-9, 12-15). aq<br />
aSkara winaaRmdegobaa. saqme is gaxlavT, rom biologiur qm-<br />
nilebas, romelsac aqvs Zvlovan-kunTovani da nervul-vegeta-<br />
tiuri sistema, garkveuli simkvrive gaaCnia da ar SeuZlia ga-<br />
vides daxSul karSi an daketili fanjris darabebSi, xolo Tu<br />
is amas axerxebs, mas ar SeiZleba hqondes Zvlovan-kunTovani<br />
da nervul-vegetatiuri sistema da SeZlos saWmlis miReba da<br />
moneleba.<br />
saidumlo seroba<br />
amrigad, ierusalimSi iesos mowafeebTan gamocxadeba aris<br />
an evangelistTa fantaziis nayofi, an iesos mowafeebis halu-<br />
73
cinaciis Sedegi.<br />
bunebrivad Cndeba kiTxva: Tu iesos daxSul sivrceSi<br />
daubrkoleblad SeuZlia Sesvla da gamosvla, maS ratomRa<br />
dasWirda samarxidan gareT gamosasvlelad akldamis lodis<br />
gadagoreba? mas xom, rogorc lukasa da ioanes saxarebidan<br />
gamomdinareobs, ise SeeZlo gareT gamosuliyo, rom lods arc<br />
ki Sexeboda? Cveni azriT, samarxidan gadagorebuli lodi,<br />
iqve dayril sudarasTan da tiloebTan erTad, iesos aRdgomis<br />
mTavari argumentia (Tumca, rogorc zemoT ukve aRvniSneT,<br />
es uciloblad ar mianiSnebs micvalebulis mkvdreTiT aRd-<br />
gomaze). rac Seexeba iesos xilulobasa da uxilavobas, erTi<br />
mxriv, da mis fizikur, Zvlovan-kunTovani sistemis mqone xor-<br />
ciel sxeuls, meores mxriv, Cveni fiqriT, am ori SeuTavsebadi<br />
movlenisa da azris SeTavsebiT, evangelistebi, darwmuneb-<br />
ulebi iesos aRdgomaSi, sxvebisTvisac amis damtkicebas cdi-<br />
loben. acnobiereben ra, rom micvalebulis aRdgoma arabune-<br />
brivi movlenaa, isini iesos ufro moCvenebis elfers aniWeben,<br />
vidre realuri adamianisa. saqme is aris, rom iudevelebi ar<br />
icnobdnen aRdgomis cnebas. Zvel aRTqmaSi arsad weria, Tu<br />
rogor iqceva mkvdreTiT aRmdgari adamiani. amis Sesaxeb ieso<br />
ambobs, rom `... aRdgomisas ... arian rogorc RmrTis angelo-<br />
zebi caSi~ (maTe, XXVIII. 30), xolo angelozebi uxorconi arian<br />
albaT. amitomac evangelistebma mkvdreTiT aRmdgar iesos<br />
erTgvari enigmaturi saxe misces, romelic aris da arc aris,<br />
romelsac cnoben da verc cnoben. ase magaliTad, mariam mag-<br />
dalelma ver icno ieso (ioane, XX. 24), aseve ver icnes igi<br />
misma mimdevrebma sofel emausisken mimaval gzaze (luka, XXIV.<br />
16) da a. S. evangelistebs an iesos mowafeebs mkvdreTiT aRm-<br />
dgari adamianis Sesaxeb zusti saxelmZRvanelo rom hqonodaT,<br />
iesos SemTxvevaSi mas sityvasityviT gaimeorebdnen.<br />
swored amitom maTe da markozi iesos aRdgomisa da Sem-<br />
74
deg mowafeebTan misi gamocxadebis Temas ufro frTxilad<br />
ekidebian. saqme is aris, rom lukas da, miT ufro, ioanes sax-<br />
arebebi ufro gviandel periodSi daiwera, vidre maTes da<br />
markozis saxarebebi (sayovelTao azriT, markozis saxareba<br />
yvelaze Zvelia). lukas da ioanes moRvaweobis periodSi sul<br />
ufro meti da meti argumenti xdeboda saWiro iesos aRdgo-<br />
mis dasamtkiceblad, amitomac maTac sakuTar saxarebebSi meti<br />
fantazia Cades, xolo ioanem, bolo evangelistma (laparakia<br />
kanonikur evangeliebze) aRmdgar iesosa da mariam magdalels<br />
Soris Semdgari saubaric ki `gaixsena~ (ioane, XX. 14-16). `uTxra<br />
mas iesom: nu Semexebi, vinaidan me jer ar avsulvar mamasTan...~<br />
(ioane, XX. 17). gaugebaria, Tu ratom eubneba ieso mariam mag-<br />
dalels, nu Semexebi, me jer ar avsulvar mamasTano. rom avi-<br />
doda, mere SesaZlebeli gaxdeboda misi Sexeba? da imave dRes<br />
ratom misca ufleba Tomas, Sexeboda? `...moita Seni TiTi, da<br />
ixile Cemi xelebi; da moita Seni xeli da Cade Cems ferdSi...~<br />
(ioane, XX. 27).<br />
SevniSnavT, rom Cven realurad ar mogvepoveba iesos aR-<br />
dgomis arcerTi TviTmxilvelis Canaweri. ufro metic, ioseb<br />
flaviusis naSromSi arsebuli mcire epizodis garda Cven ar<br />
gagvaCnia I saukunis araqristian avtorTa aranairi cnobebi<br />
qristianTa Sesaxeb, saxarebebSi moyvanili aRdgomis TviTmx-<br />
ilvelTa monacemebi ki winaaRmdegobrivia. ase magaliTad, mar-<br />
kozi da ioane amtkiceben, rom aRmdgari qriste pirvelad mar-<br />
iam magdalels eCvena (markozi, XVI. 9); (ioane, XX. 14). ebraelTa<br />
evangeliis (arakanonikuri evangelia) avtori ambobs, rom aR-<br />
mdgari ieso pirvelad sakuTar Zmas, iakobs eCvena. luka amt-<br />
kicebs, rom ieso or kacs daemgzavra, romelTagan erT-erTs<br />
kleopa erqva (luka, XXIV. 13-32). maTes mixedviT, aRmdgari ieso<br />
pirvelad mariam magdalels da meore mariams (savaraudod,<br />
iesos dedas) gamoecxada (maTe, XXVI. 9), xolo pavles mtkice-<br />
75
iT, ieso simon-petres, `kefad~ wodebuls gamoecxada (I ko-<br />
rinT. XV. 3-8). verc apokalifsSi wavikiTxavT rame garkveuls<br />
iesos aRdgomaze. masSi mSralad weria: `... mkvdari iyo da ga-<br />
cocxlda~ (gamocxadeba, II, 8).<br />
amis garda, lukas mtkiceba, rom ieso aRdga, gamoecxada<br />
Tavis mowafeebs ierusalimSi da imave dRes `amaRlda zecad~<br />
(luka, XXIV. 51) ewinaaRmdegeba danarCeni mociqulebis<br />
monaTxrobs galileaSi, mTaze iesos gamocxadebis Sesaxeb (io-<br />
ane, XXVI. 1-2).<br />
isev davubrundeT iesos jvarcmas da mis dakrZalvas. ro-<br />
gorc zemoT aRvniSneT, saxarebidan irkveva, rom iesos da-<br />
krZalva ioseb arimaTielma iTava da moaxerxa kidec. Cveni az-<br />
mariam magdaleli<br />
76<br />
riT, ioseb arimaTieli<br />
mxolod bibliuri da,<br />
amdenad, araistori-<br />
uli personaJia, ms-<br />
gavsad aRmosavleli<br />
mogvebisa, magram,<br />
maTgan gansxvavebiT,<br />
mas, misi rolidan<br />
gamomdinare, maSinve<br />
ewoda `ioseb arima-<br />
Tieli~, razec zemoT<br />
ukve gvqonda saubari.<br />
gamovTqvamT varauds,<br />
rom iesos gardamox-<br />
sna da dakrZalva sinamdvileSi mariam magdalelma moaxerxa.<br />
am azrs amyarebs isic, rom ioseb arimaTieli swrafadve qreba<br />
bibliis furclebidan. `mieca samarxi boroteulTa gverdiT<br />
da mdidarTan erTad Tavis sikvdilSi...~ (esaia, 53, 9) _ esaia<br />
winaswarmetyvelis am Tezam xom ar ubiZga evangelistebs, roca
weren: `... movida mdidari arimaTieli kaci, saxelad iosebi...~<br />
(maTe, XXVII. 57), anu, esaias winasarmetyveleba rom asrulebu-<br />
liyo, ieso mdidarTan unda damarxuliyo... da daimarxa kidec!<br />
mariam magdaleli galileis zRvispira sofel magdaladan<br />
iyo. saxarebidan irkveva, rom igi martoxela qalia _ gauTx-<br />
ovari an qvrivi. winaaRmdeg SemTxvevaSi mas qmris an mamis<br />
saxeliT moixseniebdnen, rogorc salomes, zebedes ZeTa de-<br />
das (igulisxmeba, rom salome zebedes meuRlea). mariam mag-<br />
daleli da sxva galileveli qalebi sarCo-sabadebliT emsax-<br />
urebian iesos da mis mimdevrebs (luka, VIII. 3). aqedan irkveva,<br />
iesos deda mariami, mariam<br />
magdaleli da iesos<br />
naxevarda mariam kleopasi<br />
rom mariam magdaleli, iesos<br />
sxva mimdevrebisagan gansx-<br />
vavebiT, ufro SeZlebulia.<br />
savaraudod, mas garkveuli<br />
qoneba mSoblebisagan an<br />
gardacvlili meuRlisagan<br />
darCa. uZRveba ra meurneo-<br />
bas, mariam magdalels iesos<br />
mimdevrebis `yulabaSic~<br />
Seaqvs garkveuli Senatani<br />
fulis saxiT. yovelive amas<br />
ki uunaro qali imdroindel<br />
ebraul sazogadoebaSi ver<br />
moaxerxebda. amasTan, iesos<br />
mamakaci mowafeebisagan gan-<br />
sxvavebiT, mariam magdaleli<br />
Wkua-gonebiTac gamoirCeva<br />
da gulubryvilo SekiTxveb-<br />
sac ar usvams iesos. mariam magdalels arc gambedaoba aklia.<br />
iesos mamakaci mowafeebisagan gansxvavebiT, romelTac miato-<br />
ves ieso, is bolomde iesos gverdiT idga da arc mRvdelmTa-<br />
77
varTa risxvas SeuSinebia. rogorc irkveva, mariam magdaleli<br />
janmrTeli ar unda yofiliyo. saxareba gvubneba, rom iesom<br />
misgan Svidi eSmaki gandevna (luka, VIII. 2). saqme is gaxlavT,<br />
rom cifri Svidi srulyofil qmedebas aRniSnavs. im periodSi<br />
(da kidev didxans Semdegac) yvela daavadebas imiT xsnidnen,<br />
rom RmerTi an satana mouvlendnen adamians ama Tu im daavade-<br />
bas. Tu adamiani satanas hyavda Sepyrobili, es, imdroindeli<br />
rwmenis mixedviT, gansakuTrebiT vlindeboda fsiqo-nervuli<br />
aSlilobebiT, rogoricaa epilefsia, mwvave an qronikuli Sizo-<br />
frenia da sxva. ar aris gamoricxuli, mariam magdalels ama Tu<br />
im formis qronikuli fsiqo-nervuli aSliloba hqonoda (Sei-<br />
Zleba esec iyo misi martoxelobis mizezi), qronikuli daavade-<br />
bebi ki periodulad mwvavdeba, gansakuTrebiT, mZime stresebis<br />
dros. daeswro ra iesos jvarcmas, SeiZleba mariam magdaleli<br />
garkveul safasurad gaurigda kidec mebaRes da sTxova, iesos<br />
cxedari ori-sami dRiT mis baRSi gadaemala Semdgomi gadas-<br />
venebis mizniT da meore mariamTan (iesos dedasTan) erTad<br />
gabeda da wavida pilatesTan cxedris gamosaxsnelad. saqme is<br />
aris, rom, ebrauli kanonebis mixedviT, jvarcmulis dakrZal-<br />
vis uflebas romaelebi mxolod axlo naTesavebs aZlevdnen<br />
(mSoblebi, coli da a. S. ). pilatemac misca mas iesos gar-<br />
damoxsnis ufleba da mariam magdalelma is mebaRisa da sxva<br />
galileveli qalebis daxmarebiT droebiT dakrZala, im gan-<br />
zraxviT, rom kvira dRes misuliyo, nelsacxeblebi ecxo da<br />
gadaesvenebina kidec.<br />
bunebrivia, mariam magdaleli am dros Zlieri emociuri<br />
datvirTvis qveS iqneboda da roca kvira diliT iesos akldama<br />
carieli daxvda, Zlieri stresis momentSi, sruliad SesaZle-<br />
belia, mas halucinaciuri xilvebic hqonoda. da roca mariam<br />
magdalelma Tavisi xilvebis Sesaxeb galileaSi gadamalul<br />
iesos mowafeebs uambo, maTac daijeres misi naambobi, radgan<br />
78
undodaT, rom ase yofiliyo.<br />
iesos sikvdilis Semdeg iesos mowafeebSi pirvelobisTvis<br />
paeqroba daiwyo. ierusalimis pirvel episkoposad iesos Zma<br />
iakobi airCies, romelsac RvTis Zmad moixseniebdnen. rogorc<br />
apokriptuli saxarebebidan vgebulobT, simon-petresa da mar-<br />
iam magdalels Soris uTanxmoeba Camovarda. Tavisi roli Sea-<br />
srula qalis uuflebo mdgomareobam ebraul sazogadoebaSi<br />
da mariam magdalelic nela-nela gaqra iesos biografiidan,<br />
xolo iesos dakrZalvaSi mTavari rolis Semsruleblad Se-<br />
Zlebuli mariam magdalelis nacvlad aseve SeZlebuli ioseb<br />
arimaTieli mogvevlina. magram imdenad didia mariam magdale-<br />
lis roli iesos aRdgomis rwmenis damkvidrebasa da, amdenad,<br />
qristianobis gavrcelebaSi, rom misi saxelis srulad waSla<br />
veRar moxerxda.<br />
ase Tu ise, jvarze gardaicvala adamiani, didi adamiani,<br />
romelmac kacobriobas jerarnaxuli humanurobisa da siyvar-<br />
ulis magaliTi dautova. yovlisSemZle RmerTis sikvdili,<br />
RmerTisa, Tavs jvarze rom gaikravs da yvelas Tvalwin<br />
mokvdeba, pativiscemas ar imsaxurebs, xolo jvarze mowameo-<br />
brivi sikvdili adamianisa, romelic Cvennairi iyo, CvensaviT<br />
stkioda da uxaroda, misadmi Cvens udides TanagrZnobasa da<br />
siyvaruls iwvevs.<br />
Zalian bevr adamians gauwiravs Tavi marTali azrisaTvis,<br />
amasTan, xSirad, bevrad ufro efeqtur situaciaSic, vidre<br />
iesos SemTxvevaSi moxda, magram iesos garda veravin SeZlo<br />
amdeni siyvarulisa da Tayvaniscemis mopoveba, siyvarulisa,<br />
romelic Cvenve agvamaRlebs. rogor ar unda virwmunoT pavle<br />
mociqulis sityvebi: `...sarwmunoba, sasoeba da siyvaruli;<br />
xolo amaTSi umetesi siyvarulia~ ( I korinT. XIII. 13). iesos<br />
cxovrebam da mowameobrivma sikvdilma unda daanaxos yvela<br />
adamians, rom adamis modgma mxolod siyvarulma, TanagrZnobam<br />
79
da sikeTem SeiZleba ixnas `naZraxi sicocxlis~, sulieri da-<br />
cemisa da gadagvarebisagan. iesos siyvarulma adamianebisadmi<br />
da adamianebis siyvarulma iesosadmi SeZlo is, rac mxolod<br />
RmerTs xelewifeba da Tu `RmerTi siyvarulia~ (ioane, IV. 8,<br />
16), iesos cxovrebam da mowameobrivma sikvdilma gviCvena, rom<br />
Tavad siyvarulia RmerTi. jvarcmis Semdeg ieso, RmerTkacad<br />
qmnili, ganagrZobs sicocxles da muhamedTan da budasTan er-<br />
Tad, atlantiviT udgas dedamiwas. swored iesoa beTlemis is<br />
kaSkaSa varskvlavi, ager ukve oci saukuneze metia, gzas rom<br />
unaTebs kacobriobas.<br />
80
sagamomcemlo saxlis `torotaZe~ saTaveebTan dganan:<br />
erasti torotaZe, cnobili Jurnalisti da mestambe, sagamomcemlo<br />
da sastambo saqmis erT-erTi fuZemdebeli saqarTveloSi.<br />
gamomcemloba `saxelgamis~ damfuZnebeli da direqtori.<br />
aqtiurad Jurnalistobda pirveli raspublikis wlebSi<br />
(1918-1921). avtori statiisa `zogi ram ilias Sesaxeb (asoTamwyobis<br />
mogoneba ilia WavWavaZeze)~.<br />
nikoloz torotaZe, mweralTa kavSiris stambis direqtori,<br />
beWvdiTi sityvis kombinatis direqtori.<br />
aleqsandre torotaZe, gazeT `zaria vostokas~ poligrafiuli<br />
bazis direqtori, moskovis gamomcemlobis `socekgizi~<br />
da `leqsikonebis gamomcemloba~ direqtoris moadgile. didi<br />
wvlili miuZRvis Tbilisis saxelmwifo universitetis gamomcemlobis<br />
poligrafiuli bazis ganaxleba-rekonstruqciaSi.<br />
rusul-qarTuli leqsikonis (redaqtori _ akademikosi simon<br />
yauxCiSvili) Semdgeneli. am leqsikons, romelic pirvelad moskovSi<br />
gamoica 1959 wels, xolo meored, Sesworebuli da Sevsebuli,<br />
TbilisSi 1969 wels, dResac ar daukargavs praqtikuli<br />
Rirebuleba.<br />
nino mamisaSvili-torotaZe, gamomcemloba `sabWoTa saqarTvelos~<br />
(SemdgomSi `saqarTvelo~) redaqtori, ufrosi redaqtori<br />
da redaqciis gamge. aleqsandre torotaZis rusulqarTuli<br />
leqsikonis meore gamocemis TanaSemdgeneli. TxuTmetamde<br />
wignis mTargmneli. mravali cnobili gamocemis redaqtori<br />
(maT Soris, niko CubinaSvilis `qarTuli leqsikoni~). misi<br />
TaosnebiT gamoica davit bagrationis `iadigar daudi~.<br />
elza torotaZe-kiSi, aleqsandre torotaZis rusul-qar-<br />
Tuli leqsikonis pirveli gamocemis Tanaavtori. rusuli enis<br />
kaTedris gamge budapeStis (ungreTi) samxedro akademiaSi.<br />
qeTi torotaZe, filologiis doqtori, gamomcemloba `sab-<br />
WoTa saqarTvelos~ redaqtori, ramdenime wignis mTargmneli,<br />
publicisturi werilebis avtori (1989-1991ww.).<br />
andro torotaZe, publicisturi werilebis avtori rusul<br />
da qarTul enebze (1989-1991ww). Tbilisis saxelmwifo universitetis<br />
saxalxo frontis gazeT `dedasamSoblos~ damfuZnebeli<br />
da gamomcemeli (1990 w).<br />
81