mama grigoli xelnaweris aRwerilobas misi garegnuli mxaris ...

ivane javaxiSvilis saxelobis Tbilisis saxelmwifo universiteti
humanitarul mecnierebaTa fakulteti
saqarTvelos istoria
Teimuraz jojua
XII saukunis qarTuli xelnaweri
krebuli (Ven.4) da misi anderZ-minawerebi
(istoriul-wyaroTmcodneobiTi gamokvleva)
istoriis doqtoris (Ph.D.) akademiuri xarisxis
mosapoveblad warmodgenili
d i s e r t a c i a
samecniero xelmZRvaneli: istoriis mecnierebaTa doqtori,
Tbilisi
2009
profesori mariam CxartiSvili

s a r C e v i
Sesavali - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 3
Tavi I. garejuli krebulisa (Ven.4) da misi anderZ-minawerebis samecniero
kvlevis istoria, xelnaweris aRweriloba da misi kodikologiuri
analizi - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 10
$1. garejuli krebulisa (Ven.4) da misi anderZ-minawerebis samecniero
kvlevis istoria - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -10
$2. garejuli krebulis (Ven.4) aRweriloba da misi kodikologiuri
analizi - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 45
Tavi II. garejuli krebulis anderZ-minawerebi, rogorc
saistorio wyaro - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 85
$1. saqarTvelos mefis giorgi III-is aRsaydrebis TariRi - - - - - - - 85
$2. moqvis episkoposis luka oZrxelis xuTi minaweri (1363 w.) - - - - 98
$3. artanujeli piligrimis giorgi lomas-Zis minaweri (XV s.) - - - 116
$4. afxazeTis kaTolikosis barTlomes
minaweri (daaxl. 1488-1519 ww.) - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -129
$5. gelaTeli monazonis, levan IV dadianis Tanamecxedris, TinaTin-
yofili nino bagrationisa da monazon febronia xevariZis sami
minaweri (XVIII s-is I nax.) - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -150
Tavi III. garejul krebulSi (Ven.4) Setanili Txzulebebi, rogorc
saistorio wyaro - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -179
$1. dogmatikur-polemikuri traqtati `wvalebisa winamZRuarTa
SeCunebaÁ~ - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -179
daskvna - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 196
damowmebuli literatura - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 203
2

sakvlevi problemis aqtualoba.
S e s a v a l i
xelnaweri wignebis aSiebze Sesrulebuli anderZ-minawerebi
(kolofonebi) istoriuli wyaroebis erT-erT yvelaze ufro saintereso
saxes warmoadgens. anderZ-minawerebi Sinaarsoblivi TvalsazrisiT,
SeiZleba daiyos memorialuri, iuridiuli da sxva xasiaTis Zeglebad.
anderZ-minawerebs, umravles SemTxvevaSi, axasiaTebs sami ZiriTadi
niSani: 1. raime saxis mizez-Sedegobrivi kavSiri im xelnawerTan, romlis
aSiazec Sesrulebulia esa Tu is kolofoni; 2. anderZ-minaweris
lakonuri xasiaTi da amiT gamowveuli informaciuli SezRuduloba; da
3. kolofonis avTenturoba anu misi Sesrulebis qronologiuri siaxlove
teqstSi gadmocemul movlenebTan.
CamoTvlili maxasiaTebeli niSnebis gamo anderZ-minawerebi,
marTalia, mokle, magram sando da mravalferovan cnobebs gvawvdian
saqarTvelos saero Tu saeklesio istoriis Sesaxeb.
xelnawerTa anderZ-minawerebis teqstebiT qarTveli istorikosebi
jer kidev XIX saukuneSi dainteresdnen. maTgan gansakuTrebuli aRniSvnis
Rirsia Tedo Jordania, romelmac mis mier gamocemuli `qronikebis~ I-II
tomebSi qronologiuri TanamimdevrobiT daalaga saqarTvelos istoriis
mravalricxovani werilobiTi cnobebi. aRniSnul gamocemaSi, romelic
didi xnis manZilze samagido wigns warmoadgenda specialistebisaTvis,
mravali istoriuli movlena da faqti swored xelnawerTa anderZ-
minawerebis daxmarebiT aris gadmocemuli (Jordania 1892; Jordania 1897).
mogvianebiT, XX saukunis 40-iani wlebidan qarTulma istoriografiam
erTgvarad daxvewa anderZ-minawerebis Seswavlisa da publikaciis meTodi.
am periodSi specialistTa Zalisxmeva, ZiriTadad, mimarTuli iyo
romelime konkretuli xelnaweris aSiebze Sesrulebuli sxvadasxva
kolofonebis erTad Tavmoyrisa da maTi erToblivad gamoqveynebis
mimarTulebiT.
aRniSnuli saqmianobis gaaqtiurebas xeli didad Seuwyo imxanad
saqarTvelos saxelmwifo muzeumis qarTuli xelnaweri wignebis
koleqciebis akademiuri `aRwerilobebis~ Sedgenisa da gamocemis
3

procesma. dadgenili wesis Tanaxmad, `aRwerilobaze~ momuSave
specialistebs yovel gamocemul tomSi SehqondaT TiToeuli xelnaweris
arqeografiuli daxasiaTeba, aq warmodgenil TxzulebaTa CamonaTvali da
am xelnaweris aSiebze Sesrulebuli metnaklebad yvela anderZ-minaweris
teqsti (SaraSiZe 1948; mefariSvili 1949; metreveli 1950 da sxv.).
XX saukunis II naxevarSi xelnawerTa anderZ-minawerebis Seswavlisa
da gamocemis saqmem kidev ufro srulyofili saxe miiRo. am periodSi
Seiqmna da gamoqveynda mTeli rigi samecniero naSromebisa, sadac,
warmodgenili iyo aramxolod romelime konkretuli xelnaweris anderZ-
minawerebis teqstebi, aramed am kolofonebisadmi miZRvnili Sesabamisi
istoriul-wyaroTmcodneobiTi gamokvlevebic. am rigis publikaciebidan
SegviZlia davasaxeloT valeri silogavas mier gamocemuli `korideTis
sabuTebi~ (silogava 1989), darejan kldiaSvilis mier gamoqveynebuli
`Tislisa da xaxulis xelnawerebis minawerebi~ (kldiaSvili 1986) da sxv.
dasaxelebul gamocemebsa da msgavs samecniero publikaciebze
dakvirveba aCvenebs, rom qarTveli istorikosebis kvlevis sagans,
ZiriTadad, im xelnawerTa anderZ-minawerebi warmoadgens, romlebic
saqarTvelos siZveleTsacavebSi inaxeba. erTgvarad gansxvavebuli suraTi
gvaqvs evropis universitetebSi, biblioTekebSi, muzeumebsa Tu
samonastro centrebSi dacul qarTul xelnawerebTan dakavSirebiT,
romelTa anderZ-minawerebic, dRemde ar aris safuZvlianad Seswavleli.
am mxriv, gansakuTrebuli aRniSvnis Rirsia avstriis (venis)
nacionalur biblioTekaSi daculi xuTi uZvirfasesi qarTuli xelnaweri
wigni, romelTa anderZ-minawerebic aqamde arasodes gamxdara istoriul-
wyaroTmcodneobiTi Seswavlis sagani (Tu, rasakvirvelia, aseTad ar
CavTvliT grigol feraZis kodikologiuri xasiaTis naSroms, romelzec
qvemoT vrclad gveqneba saubari).
mokled davaxasiaTebT am xelnawerebs:
#1 qarTuli xelnaweri, igive Ven.1. warmoadgens mcire zomis
etratis oTxTavs da daTariRebulia X-XI saukuneebiT. xelnaweris
aSiebze Sesrulebulia sxvadasxva periodis aTeulobiT anderZ-minaweris
(kolofonis) teqsti (feraZe 1940: 223; feraZe 2004: 161; jojua 2005;
imnaiSvili 2008: 11).
4

#2 xelnaweri, igive Ven.2. warmoadgens palimfsests. misi qveda Sre
Seicavs wm. kviprianesa da wm. iustinas, agreTve, wm. qristinas `wamebaTa~
xanmet teqstebs da tariRdeba V saukunis I naxevriT. palimfsestis zeda
teqsti warmoadgens maisis `TTvens~ da daTariRebulia XIII-XIV
saukuneebiT (feraZe 1940: 223-224; feraZe 2004: 161-162; qajaia 1981; qajaia
2001; qajaia 2006; imnaiSvili 2008: 11).
#3 xelnaweri, igive Ven.3. es aris saxelovani qarTveli mwignobris
ioane xaxulelis mier gadawerili Tebervlis `TTveni~. xelnaweri
TariRdeba X-XI saukuneebiT (feraZe 1940: 225-226; feraZe 2004: 162-164;
imnaiSvili 2008: 11).
#4 xelnaweri, igive Ven.4. warmoadgens sakmaod didi zomis krebuls
da gadawerilia 1160 wels, garejis mravalmTaSi, SesaniSnavi kaligrafis
nikoloz nikrais mier. krebulis aSiebze daculia garejis mravalmTasa
da wmida miwaze myofi sxvadasxva pirebis mier Sesrulebili XII-XIX
saukuneebis asze meti anderZ-minaweris teqsti.
#5 xelnaweri, igive Ven.5. es aris momcro tanis oTxTavi, romelic
gadawerilia XII-XIII saukuneebSi. xelnawers axlavs mdidrulad Semkuli
vercxlis yda, romelic Sua saukuneebis qarTuli Wedurobis brwyinvale
nimuSs warmoadgens (qajaia 1975: 294; imnaiSvili 2008: 12) 1 .
venis nacionaluri biblioTekis qarTuli xelnawerebis koleqciidan
istoriul-wyaroTmcodneobiTi TvalsazrisiT, gansakuTrebiT saintereso
nusxas warmoadgens 1160 wlis garejuli krebuli anu Ven.4, romlis
aSiebzec, rogorc ukve vTqviT zemoT, daculia garejis mravalmTasa da
wmida miwaze myofi sxvadasxva pirebis mier Sesrulebili XII-XIX
saukuneebis asze meti kolofonis teqsti. aRniSnuli xelnaweri da misi
anderZ-minawerebi yuradRebas ori ZiriTadi mizezis gamo ipyrobs:
1 amJamad saqarTveloSi venis nacionaluri biblioTekis xuTive qarTuli xelnaweris
Sav-TeTri fotopiri mogvepoveba. fotopirebi xelnawerTa erovnuli centris
fotopirebis koleqciaSia daculi: Ven.1 _ RT XXV-1; Ven.2 _ RT XXV-5; Ven.3 _ RT XXV-
2, I-II; Ven.4 _ RT XXV-3, I-II; Ven.5 _ RT XXV-4. dasaxelebuli xelnawerebidan, Ven.1-is,
Ven.3-is, Ven.4-isa da Ven.5-s fotopirebi damzadebulia im mikrofirebis saSualebiT,
romlebic 1970-iani wlebis dasawyisSi venis nacionaluri biblioTekidan Camoitana da
xelnawerTa instituts gadasca akademikosma giorgi wereTelma (qajaia 1975: 294). maTgan
gansxvavebiT, mexuTe xelnaweris _ Ven.2-is fotopiri odnav ufro adre moipova
xelnawerTa institutis mecnier-TanamSromelma lamara qajaiam (qajaia 2006: 37; Sdr.:
qajaia 1975: 294).
5

1. Ven.4 warmoadgens garejis samonastro skriptoriumidan gamosul
CvenTvis cnobil uZveles xelnawer wigns. Sesabamisad, mis Sedgenilobasa
Tu calkeul teqstebze dakvirvebas SeuZlia, garkveuli warmodgena
Segviqmnas XII saukunis garejeli mamebis samonastro yofis, adgilobriv
monastrebSi mimdinare samwignobre procesebisa da zogadad, qveyanaSi
arsebuli saeklesio-kulturuli viTarebis Sesaxeb.
2. gansakuTrebul interess iwvevs garejuli krebulis aSiebze
Sesrulebuli XII-XIX saukuneebis aTeulobiT anderZ-minaweris teqstic.
am kolofnebze zedapiruli dakvirvebac ki cxadyofs, rom maT teqstebSi
daculia umdidresi da praqtikulad, ucnobi wyaroTmcodneobiTi masala
garejis mravalmTis, ierusalimis qarTuli koloniisa da zogadad,
saqarTvelos istoriis mravali sadavo Tu bundovani problemis Sesaxeb.
vfiqrobT, yovelive zemoTqmulidan naTlad Cans, Tu raoden
mniSvnelovan da saWiro saqmes warmoadgens venis nacionaluri
biblioTekis #4 xelnaweris aSiebze daculi anderZ-minawerebis erTad
Tavmoyra, maTi gegmazomieri Seswavla da bolos, iseTi samecniero
naSromis Sedgena-gamocema, sadac, erTis mxriv, warmodgenili iqneba
garejuli krebulis kolofonebis teqstebi, xolo, meore mxriv, am
anderZ-minawerebisadmi miZRvnili istoriul-wyaroTmcodneobiTi
gamokvleva.
kvlevis mizani da amocanebi.
winamdebare naSromze muSaobisas Cveni umTavresi mizania, istoriul-
wyaroTmcodneobiTi kuTxiT SeviswavloT da samecniero sazogadoebas
gavacnoT Ven.4-is is anderZ-minawerebi, romlebic saSualebas gvaZlevs,
warmovaCinoT qarTuli istoriografiisaTvis aqamde srulebiT ucnobi
faqtebi da movlenebi, davazustoT an axleburad gavaSuqoT specialur
literaturaSi myarad damkvidrebuli debulebebi, damatebiTi
argumentebiT SevamagroT sxva mkvlevarTa mier gamoTqmuli calkeuli
mosazrebebi da sxv.
dasaxuli miznis misaRwevad, saWirod migvaCnia, gadavWraT sami
ZiriTadi amocana:
6

1. akademiuri saxiT davadginoT, saTanado samecniero-teqnikuri
aparatiT aRvWurvoT da samecniero sazogadoebas mivawodoT sakvlevad
SerCeuli TiToeuli anderZ-minaweris teqsti.
2. gavaanalizoT sakvlevad SerCeul anderZ-minawerebSi daculi
sxvadasxva saxis cnobebi da miRebuli Sedegebis safuZvelze, movaxdinoT
Sesabamisi istoriuli suraTis rekonstruqcia.
3. SeZlebisdagvarad srulad SeviswavloT sakvlevad SerCeuli
kolofonebis struqtura da Teoriuli ganzogadebis mizniT, movaxdinoT
maTi tipologiuri klasificireba.
mosalodneli samecniero siaxle.
Tu winamdebare naSromis farglebSi warmatebiT movaxerxebT
dasaxuli amocanebis gadaWras, maSin samecniero siaxlis gamovlena
mosalodneli iqneba Semdegi ZiriTadi mimarTulebebiT: Ven.4-is
gadamweris mier gadanusxuli sxva xelnawerebis mikvleva, romelTa
warmomavlobac aqamde ar iyo dadgenili; qarTul-somxuri saeklesio
urTierTobebis erTi mniSvnelovani sakiTxis garkveva garejul krebulSi
Setanili ucnobi dogmatikur-polemikuri traqtatis daxmarebiT; Ven.4--s
aSiebze daculi XII-XIX saukuneebis ocamde ucnobi an naklebad cnobili
anderZ-minaweris teqstis Semotana samecniero mimoqcevaSi; saqarTvelos
mefis giorgi III-is zeobis qronologiis koreqtireba garejuli krebulis
anderZze dayrdnobiT; Ven.4-is kolofonebSi moxseniebuli ucnobi an
naklebad cnobili TxuTmetamde qarTveli piligrimis biografiuli
portretebis rekonstruireba; garejuli krebulis minawerebSi
moxseniebuli ucnobi qarTveli saeklesio ierarqebis CarTva Sesabamis
mRvdelmTvarTa qronologiur rigebSi; afxazeTis sakaTolikoso
rezidenciis biWvinTidan xobis monasterSi gadatanis aqamde ucnob
procesze dakvirveba Ven.4-is minawerze dayrdnobiT da sxv.
naSromis struqtura.
winamdebare naSromis struqtura agebulia sakvlevi sakiTxebis
TaviseburebaTa gaTvaliswinebiT.
7

naSromis I Tavi Sedgeba ori paragrafisagan. aqedan, pirvel
paragrafSi dawvrilebiT aris mimoxiluli garejuli krebulisa da misi
anderZ-minawerebis samecniero kvlevis asormocdaaTwliani istoria. aq
SeZlebisdagvarad sruladaa daxasiaTebuli da Sefasebuli sxvadasxva
mkvlevarTa mier am mimarTulebiT Sesrulebuli samuSaoebi. aqvea
warmodgenili Cvens mier Catarebuli kvleviTi samuSaoebis aRwerilobac.
naSromis I Tavis meore paragrafi eTmoba Ven.4-is detalur
aRwerilobasa da mis kodikologiur analizs. aq, pirvel rigSi,
daxasiaTebulia garejuli krebulis teqnikuri parametrebi da
moyvanilia Ven.4-is SedgenilobaSi warmodgenili Txzulebebis
CamonaTvali, vrceli komentarebiTurT. amave paragrafSi dawvrilebiT
aris Seswavlili garejuli krebulis gadaweris drosTan da adgilTan,
agreTve, gadamweris vinaobasa da mis samwignobre saqmianobasTan
dakavSirebuli sakiTxebi. garda amisa, ganxilul paragrafSi garejuli
krebulis minawerebidan sagangebod aris gamoyofili XV-XIX saukuneebis
ramdenime kolofoni da maTze dayrdnobiT, gansazRvrulia Ven.4-is wmida
miwaze gadatanis zeda qronologiuri zRvari. aqve SeZlebisdagvarad
srulad aris rekonstruirebuli xsenebul minawerebSi moxseniebul
pirTa biografiuli portretebic.
naSromis II Tavi dayofilia xuT paragrafad da TiToeuli es
paragrafi eTmoba garejuli krebulis anderZ-minawerebidan gamoyofili
kolofonebis TiTo jgufs. aqedan, pirvel paragrafSi warmodgenilia
Ven.4-is anderZis teqsti da masze dayrdnobiT, dazustebulia
saqarTvelos mefis giorgi III-is aRsaydrebis TariRi.
rac Seexeba II Tavis momdevno oTx paragrafs ($2, $3, $4 da $5), aq
warmodgenilia samecniero sazogadoebisaTvis, praqtikulad, ucnobi oTxi
piligrimis mier XIV-XVIII saukuneebSi Sesrulebuli aTi kolofoni da
maTi Seswavlis Sedegebi. am oTxi paragrafis struqtura TiTqmis
identuria: paragrafSi Tavdapirvelad motanilia kolofonebis
arqeografiuli daxasiaTeba, maTi teqsti, dednis Sriftis dacviT da am
teqstis Cveneuli wakiTxva; amas mosdevs paragrafis ZiriTadi nawili,
sadac zedmiwevniT srulad aris Seswavlili minawerebSi daculi
8

cnobebi da miRebuli daskvnebis safuZvelze rekonstruirebulia
Sesabamisi istoriuli suraTi.
aqve, xazgasmiT SevniSnavT im faqts, rom winamdebare naSromSi, am
ukanasknelis SezRuduli moculobis gamo, garejuli krebulis asze meti
anderZ-minaweridan gamoyofili da Seswavlilia mxolod ocamde
kolofonis teqsti. amasTan, sakvlevad SerCeulia konkretulad is
anderZ-minawerebi, romlebic, erTi mxriv, aucilebel cnobebs gvawvdian
Ven.4-is kodikologiuri SeswavlisaTvis, xolo, meore mxriv, gvTavazoben
uZvirfases cnobebs samecniero sazogadoebisaTvis aqamde ucnobi an
naklebad cnobili movlebisa Tu faqtebis Sesaxeb. dasasrul, SevniSnavT
imasac, rom samomavlod dagegmili gvaqvs winamdebare naSromSi
warmodgenili kvleva-Ziebis gagrZeleba da iseTi samecniero monografiis
Seqmna, sadac analogiuri sisruliT iqneba Seswavlili garejuli
krebulis aSiebze Sesrulebuli uklebliv yvela anderZ-minaweris teqsti.
davubrundeT winamdebare naSromis struqturas. am ukanasknelis III
Tavi Seicavs erTaderT paragrafs, romelic, Tavis mxriv, uWiravs Ven.4-is
SedgenilobaSi warmodgenil erT-erT Txzulebas, samecniero
sazogadoebisaTvis srulebiT ucnob dogmatikur-polemikur traqtats,
saxelwodebiT `wvalebisa winamZRuarTa SeCunebaÁ~. marTalia, aRniSnuli
traqtati wmindad sasuliero xasiaTis Txzulebaa, magram misi teqsti
saSualebas gvaZlevs, sabolood gavarkvioT garejis samonastro Zmobisa
da monofiziti somexi momlocvelebis urTierTobebis erTi konkretuli
sakiTxi, romelic aqamde sadavod iyo qceuli qarTvel da somex
mecnierebs Soris. ganxiluli paragrafis dasawyisSi dawvrilebiT aris
daxasiaTebuli traqtatis struqtura da Sinaarsoblivi mxare. amas
mosdevs Tavad traqtatis teqsti, romelsac darTuli aqvs
mravalricxovani komentarebi.
winamdebare naSromis daskvnas erTgvarad Semajamebeli xasiaTi aqvs.
aq srulad aris reziumirebulia yvela is ZiriTadi Sedegi, romelic
zemoT aRwerili samecniero kvleva-Ziebis safuZvelzea miRebuli. naSroms
asrulebs damowmebuli literaturis CamonaTvali.
9

Tavi I. garejuli krebulisa (Ven.4) da misi
anderZ-minawerebis samecniero kvlevis istoria,
xelnaweris aRweriloba da misi kodikologiuri analizi
$1. garejuli krebulisa (Ven.4) da misi
anderZ-minawerebis samecniero kvlevis istoria
Ven.4-isa da misi anderZ-minawerebis (kolofonebis) samecniero
Seswavlis saqmes TiTqmis as ormocdaaT welze meti xnis istoria aqvs.
am process safuZveli Cauyara XIX saukuneSi moRvawe qarTvelma
leqsikografma da siZveleTmcodnem niko CubinaSvilma (1788-1845 ww.). man
1845 wlis maisSi, wmida miwaze mogzaurobis dros, sakuTari TvaliT
moixila da mokled aRwera ierusalimis jvris qarTvelTa monastris
wignTsacavSi daculi Teqvsmeti qarTuli xelnaweri (cagareli 1894: 44,
47-52), maT Soris, CvenTvis saintereso garejuli krebulic. es
ukanaskneli mkvlevris mier Sedgenil katalogSi meaTe nomriTaa
aRniSnuli.
Tavad katalogi orgzis aris gamoqveynebuli: pirvelad _ 1889 wels,
gazeT `iveriis~ 70-e, 72-e da 73-e nomrebSi, cnobili sazogado moRvawisa
da pedagogis aristo quTaTeliZis mier, mcired Semoklebuli saxiT
(quTaTelaZe 1889), xolo meored _ 1894 wels, qarTveli filologosisa
da istorikosis, profesor aleqsandre cagarelis avtorobiT dabeWdili
rusulenovani krebulis `Сведенiя о памятникахъ грузинской письменности~-s
pirveli tomis mesame nakveTSi, sruli saxiT (cagareli 1894: 44-52).
niko CubinaSvilis katalogSi vkiTxulobT: `j(var)is monastersa
S(in)a SenaxulTa wignTaT(vi)s. ros SevediT ekklesiasa taZrisasa, sadac
ars biblioteka anu wignTsacavi, mas S(in)a mdebareben wignni. 1.
laTinurni, 2. arabulni da 3. qarTulni, romelnic arian dawerilni
xucurad zogni etratzed da zogni sqels qaRaldzed, ricxviT iqmneba
vidre orasamdin, rogorc davsTvaleT ficris Taroebzed. romelnime
maTganni daSlilan da visac k(vala)d Seukrevinebia, an ganuaxlebia,
maTni saxelni zed awerian; magram k(vala)dca arian daSlilni da
Wiisagan SeWmulni. am wignebidam gavsinjeT vidre 30 m-dan da raca
10

maTSina vnaxeT Rirssaxsovari, gamovswereT esseT: ... 10. metafrasi,
romlisa zanduki ars: SemosvlisaTvis marxvaTasa, qmnili anastasi
monazonisa; cxovreba SiSvel marTalTa da w(mid)isa mamisa zosimesi.
`qeba qebaTa~ iambikonad Tqmuli. ese wigni ars Tormet nawilad. Seikazma
wigni ese q(oroni)k(on)s snÀ, 258-1570 w.~ (qaragmis gaxsna Cvenia _ T. j.)
(cagareli 1894: 47, 50. Sdr.: quTaTelaZe 1889: #73, 3) 2 .
rogorc vxedavT, 1845 wels Sedgenil katalogSi garejuli krebuli
da misi anderZ-minawerebi erTob Zunwad aris aRwerili. savaraudod,
swored es faqti gaxda mizezi imisa, rom Semdgomi drois mkvlevrebma
sakmaod didi xnis manZilze ver SeZles niko CubinaSvilis mier
ierusalimis jvris monasterSi aRwerili #10 da venis nacionalur
biblioTekaSi daculi #4 xelnawerebis erTimeoresTan gaigiveba (menabde
1980: 1-31, 135-139) 3 . arada, am xelnawerTa identificireba sulac ar aris
Zneli saqme.
marTlac, niko CubinaSvilis katalogidan CvenTvis cnobilia eqvsi
ZiriTadi niSani, romelic axasiaTebs jvris monastris #10 xelnawers:
1. igi Sedgeba `Tormeti nawilis~ anu Tormeti sxvadasxva teqstisagan;
2. xelnawers darTuli aqvs `zanduki~; 3. `zandukSi~ erT-erTi teqsti
miTiTebulia Semdegi saxiT: `SemosvlisaTvis marxvaTasa, qmnili anastasi
monazonisa“; 4. kidev erTi teqsti saxeldebulia rogorc: `cxovreba
SiSvel marTalTa da w(mid)isa mamisa zosimesi“; 5. `zandukSi~
dasaTaurebulia mesame teqstic: `qeba qebaTa~, iambikonad Tqmuli~;
6. xelnaweris erT-erT furcelze miTiTebulia misi Sekazmvis TariRi _
qronikoni snÀ anu 1570 weli: `Seikazma wigni ese q(oroni)k(on)s snÀ~
(cagareli 1894: 50).
2 #10 xelnaweris aRweriloba sagrZnoblad gansxvavebuli saxiT aris warmodgenili
katalogis aristo quTaTelaZiseul gamocemaSi: `10. metafrasi romlisa zanduki ars
SemosvlisaTvis marxvaTasa Tqmuli anastasi monazonisa. cxovreba SiSvel marTalTa
da wmindisa mamisa zosimesi qeba-qebaTa iambikonad Tqmuli. ese wigni ars Tormet
nawilad. Seikazma wigni ese qoronikons. snÀ 258-1586~ (quTaTelaZe 1889: #73, 3).
3 sagulisxmoa, rom profesorma levan menabdem, romelic sagangebod ikvlevda
ierusalimis jvris monastris qarTuli xelnawerebis Tavgadasavals XIX-XX
saukuneebSi, garejuli krebulisagan gansxvavebiT, savsebiT sworad gansazRvra venis
nacionaluri biblioTekis erT-erTi sxva xelnaweris _ maisis Tvenis (Ven.2) nomeri
niko CubinaSviliseul katalogSi (#5) (menabde 1980: 135. Sdr.: cagareli 1894: 48; feraZe
2004: 160-162).
11

CamoTvlili eqvsi niSnidan uklebliv yvela axasiaTebs venis
nacionaluri biblioTekis #4 xelnawers: 1. garejul krebulSi
warmodgenilia Tormeti sxvadasxva teqsti; 2. xelnawers dasawyisSi
darTuli aqvs saZiebeli: `zanduki ama wignisa~; 3. zandukSi pirvelive
teqsti saxeldebulia rogorc: `SemoslvisaTÂs marxvaTasa, Tqmuli
anastasi monazonisa~; 4. amave zandukSi rigiT meeqvse teqsti miTiTebulia
Semdegi saTauriT: `cxorebaÁ SiSvel-marTalTa~. aRniSnuli saTauri
sakmaod gansxvavebuli saxiT aris warmodgenili xelnaweris ZiriTad
teqstSi: `SromaÁ da cxorebaÁ sanatrelTa maT SiSuel-marTalTaÁ da
wmidisa mamisa zosimesi~; 5. zandukisave mixedviT, rigiT mecxre teqstis
saxelwodebaa: `qebaÁ qebaÁTa, iambikonad Tqmuli~; 6. garejuli krebulis
305r-ze dawerilia xelnaweris ganmaaxleblis mTavarepiskopos vlase
urbnelis vrceli minaweri, romlis bolo fragmentic Semdegi saxiT
ikiTxeba: `SeikazmaÁ wmidaÁ ese wigni qronikonsa snÀE(1570 w.)~.
amrigad, Cvens mier gamoyofil saxasiaTo niSnebSi imdenad didi
Tanxvedra gvaqvs, rom, vfiqrobT, dabejiTebiT SeiZleba iTqvas _ niko
CubinaSvilis mier 1845 wels aRwerili ierusalimis jvris qarTvelTa
monastris #10 xelnaweri anu `metafrasi~ da dReisaTvis venis
nacionalur biblioTekaSi daculi garejuli krebuli `sanatreli~
erTsa da imave xelnawers warmoadgens (Sdr.: jojua 2002g: 104, 129).
Ven.4-is niko CubinaSviliseuli aRwerilobis 1889 da 1894 wlebis
gamocemebi, pirvel rigSi, sayuradReboa rogorc qronologiurad
yvelaze ufro adreuli periodis publikaciebi, sadac samecniero kuTxiT
aris daxasiaTebuli garejuli krebuli da misi kolofonebi:
warmodgenilia xelnaweris Sedgeniloba, miTiTebulia ramdenime teqstis
saTauri, citirebulia erT-erTi minaweris fragmenti da a. S.
meores mxriv, am aRwerilobas mTeli rigi naklovanebebic axlavs:
krebulis Sedgeniloba metad arasrulad aris daxasiaTebuli: Tormeti
teqstidan mxolod samis saTauria miTiTebuli; Tavad miTiTebuli
teqstebis saTaurebi erTi saerTo principiT ar aris moyvanili _ zogi
maTgani `zandukidanaa~ aRebuli, zogic uSualod teqstidan; xelnaweris
mravalricxovani kolofonebidan ratomRac mxolod erTi, 1570 wlis
12

minaweria gamoyofili; imavdroulad, araferia naTqvami Ven.4-is
gadamweris 1160 wlis anderZis Taobaze da sxv.
niko CubinaSvilis mier sakuTari katalogisTvis SerCeuli ZiriTadi
saxelmZRvanelo principebi sanaxevrodac ver pasuxobs xelnaweris
akademiuri aRwerilobis Tanamedrove normebsa da moTxovnebs.
niko CubinaSvilis mier ierusalimis jvris monastris qarTul
xelnawerTa katalogis Sedgenidan TiTqmis erTi saukunis Semdeg, 1940
wels qalaq venaSi gamomavali avstriuli samecniero Jurnalis `Wiener
Zeitschrift für die Kunde des Morgenlandes~ XLVII tomSi germanul enaze
gamoqveynda emigraciaSi moRvawe qarTveli mecnieris, parizis wm. ninos
qarTuli eklesiis winamZRvris, arqimandrit grigol feraZis werili,
saxelwodebiT `Über die georgischen Handschriften in Österreich~ (`qarTuli
xelnawerebis Sesaxeb avstriaSi~) (feraZe 1940) 4 .
am statiis dabeWdvidan naxevar saukuneze meti xnis Semdeg, 2004
wels TbilisSi, almanax `mwignobarSi~ gamoqveynda grigol feraZis
dasaxelebuli naSromis sruli qarTuli Targmani komentarebiTurT.
teqsti germanulidan Targmna cisia kilaZem, Targmanis redaqtoroba
itvirTa dimitri TumaniSvilma, xolo statias komentarebi Cven davurTeT
(feraZe 2004).
vidre dasaxelebuli werilis ganxilvaze gadavidodeT, xazgasmiT
aRvniSnavT im faqts, rom winamdebare naSromSi grigol feraZis mier
gamoTqmuli sxvadasxva mosazrebebi, gasagebi mizezebis gamo, motanili
gvaqvs ara uSualod 1940 wlis germanulenovani publikaciidan anu
germanul enaze, aramed misi qarTuli Targmanidan, Sesabamisad, qarTul
enaze. amasTan, yvela aseT SemTxvevaSi, 2004 wlis qarTuli gamocemis
gverdiT, vuTiTebT germanulenovani publikaciis Sesabamis gverdebsac.
aqve, SevniSnavT imasac, rom 1940 wlis publikaciaSi mravlad
gvxvdeba garejuli krebulis calkeuli Txzulebebidan da anderZ-
minawerebidan citirebuli teqstebi, romlebic grigol feraZes statiaSi
4 am venuri Jurnalis bibliografiul iSviaTobad qceuli XLVII tomis moZiebaSi didi
daxmareba gagviwies aw gardacvlilma mecnierma, profesorma levan menabdem, Cvenma
maswavlebelma, filologosma Tamaz jologuam da istoriisa da eTnologiis
institutis biblioTekis TanamSromelma cisana zukakiSvilma, risTvisac uRrmes
madlobas movaxsenebT maT.
13

germanuli Targmanis saxiT aqvs Setanili. winamdebare naSromSi
mizanSeuwonlad miviCnieT am teqstebis isev qarTulad gadmoTargmna da
isini dednis Sesabamisi adgilebis Cveneuli wakiTxvebiT CavanacvleT.
amasTan, raime aRrevis Tavidan acilebis mizniT, yvela aseTi SemTxveva
mivuTiTeT sqolioSi.
davubrundeT sakuTriv publikacias. grigol feraZis werilis
saTauridan gamomdinare, SeiZleba, Seiqmnas STabeWdileba, rom avtors
statiaSi Seswavlili hqonda avstriis sxvadasxva siZveleTsacavebSi
daculi qarTuli xelnawerebi. sinamdvileSi, publikacia Seexeba,
ZiriTadad, venis nacionaluri biblioTekis anu yofili avstria-ungreTis
saimperatoro karis biblioTekis qarTul xelnawerTa koleqcias da
realurad, warmoadgens 1940 wlisaTvis am biblioTekaSi daculi oTxi
qarTuli xelnaweri wignis mecnierul katalogs (feraZe 1940: Sdr.:
feraZe 2004).
rogorc gansaxilav statiaze dakvirveba aCvenebs, biblioTekis
kuTvnili oTxi qarTuli wignidan grigol feraZem gansakuTrebuli
yuradRebiT Seiswavla #4 xelnaweri anu CvenTvis saintereso garejuli
krebuli da sakuTari statiis didi nawilic swored am xelnawerTan
dakavSirebul sakiTxebs dauTmo (feraZe 1940: 219-222, 226-232; Sdr.: feraZe
2004: 160-161, 164-170, 172-173).
grigol feraZis publikaciis ZiriTad nawils anu katalogs win uZRvis
erTgvari Sesavali teqsti. statiis am nawilSi avtori sagangebod exeba
garejuli krebulis raobas da gamoTqvams mosazrebas, rom Ven.4
patristikuli xelnaweria: `#4 mTlianad patristikuli xasiaTis xelna-
weria, romlis msgavsi, qarTuli xelnawerebiT mdidar Tbilisis siZveleTa
muzeumSic ki bevri rodia~ (feraZe 2004: 160. Sdr.: feraZe 1940: 220) 5 .
aRniSnuli mosazrebis gamoTqmis Semdeg grigol feraZe iqve,
sqolioSi ganmartavs, Tu konkretulad ras gulisxmobs terminSi
`patristikuli xelnaweri~. mkvlevris TqmiT, `amgvar patristikul
xelnawerebs qarTveli mecnierebi mravalTavs (daaxl. )
5 aq avtors, savaraudod, mxedvelobaSi aqvs amJamindeli saqarTvelos erovnuli
muzeumis simon janaSias saxelobis saqarTvelos saxelmwifo muzeumi, romelic,
werilis gamoqveynebis Jams anu 1940 wels, saqarTvelos muzeumad iwodeboda da
qarTul xelnawerTa umdidres koleqciebs flobda.
14

uwodeben. CemTvis mxolod Svidi aseTi xelnaweria cnobili: 1. e. w.
svanuri xelnaweri; X saukune; Tbilisis saeklesio muzeumis xelnaweri
#19; Seicavs 73 Txzulebas da dawvrilebiT aris aRwerili sergi
gorgaZis mier, `saqarTvelos arqivi~, III (tf., 1927); 2. parxlisa; Tbilisis
saeklesio muzeumis xelnaweri #95; X saukune; moicavs 151 Tavs. am
xelnaweris originaluri qarTuli Txzulebebi aRwerilia mose
janaSvilis mier, `iveria~, #267 (tf., 1897). Tbilisis saeklesio muzeumis
xelnawerebi amJamad Tbilisis siZveleTa muzeumSia; 3. aTonis iverTa
monastris xelnaweri #57 (a. cagarelis mixedviT); X saukune; Seicavs 61
Txzulebas; dawvrilebiT aRwerilia niko maris mier, `Агiографическiя
матерiалы по грузинскимъ рукописямъ Ивера~, I-II (Спб., 1900), II (Спб., 1901); 4.
bodlis xelnaweri oqsfordSi; gadawerilia 1038-1040 wlebSi; Seicavs 50
Txzulebas; safuZvlianad aris aRwerili paul peetersis mier, De codice
hiberico, biblioth. Bodleianae Oxoniensis, `Analecta Bollandiana~, XXXI (Bruxelles), 301-
318; 5. jvris monastris patristikuli xelnaweri; 1034-1042 wlebi; amJamad
britaneTis muzeumis sakuTreba _ #Add.11281-2764; Seicavs 12 Txzulebas;
aRwerilia ser oliver uordropis mier, `Katologue of Georgian Manuscripts~,
397-405 (London. SA., samwuxarod, TariRisa da TxzulebaTa saTaurebis
miTiTebis gareSea). 6. sinas monastris xelnaweri #83; 864 weli;
arasakmarisad aris aRwerili a. cagarelis mier, Памятники грузинской
старины въ Святой земле и на Синае, `Православный Палестинскiй сборникъ~ (Спб.,
1888), IV, 1, 234-235; 7. berZnuli sapatriarqos xelnawerebi ierusalimSi #2
da #3 (orive saerTo warmomavlobisaa); Seicavs 28 Tavs; aRwerilia niko
maris mier, `Житiе св. Григорiя Хандзтiйскаго~, (Спб., 1911), XXXVIII-XLI. venis #4
xelnaweri am xelnawerebTan aris axlos. isini Seicaven patristikuli da
hagiografiuli literaturis ramdenime dakargul Zegls. zogierTi am
teqstTagan ukve gamocemulia n. marisa da k. kekeliZis mier, mravali
maTgani ki mkvlevars elodeba. samomavlod, mniSvnelovani amocana iqneba
yvela am xelnaweris dawvrilebiT aRwera da maTi urTierTmimarTebis
Seswavla~ (feraZe 2004: 170. Sdr.: berJe 1868: 220-221).
statiis Sesavali teqstis bolos grigol feraZe ramdenime
winadadebiT exeba garejuli krebulisa da venis nacionaluri bib-
lioTekis kidev ori qarTuli xelnaweris avstriaSi moxvedris mizezebs:
15

`...venis xelnawerebi ierusalimis jvris monasterSi iyo daculi. #2 da
#3 xelnawerebi prof. aleqsandre cagarelis 1888 wlis aRwerilobiT
aris cnobili. am droisaTvis xelnawerebi jer kidev monasterSi
inaxeboda. #4 aseve jvris monasters ekuTvnoda, magram a. cagarels is
adgilze aRar daxvedria. xelnaweri mTavardiakvan (mogvianebiT ki
mTavareposkopos) kleopas sakuTreba gamxdara. am ukanasknelis
gardacvalebis Semdeg ki mis memkvidreebs igi aleqsandriaSi gauyidiaT.
avstriis erovnuli biblioTekis gamgeobam es sami xelnaweri 1931 wels
aleqsandriaSi, vinme antikvarisagan SeiZina. gamgeobam xelnawerebi
sanimuSod aRadgina da akinZa~ (feraZe 2004: 161. Sdr.: feraZe 1940: 222).
grigol feraZis naSromSi Sesavali teqstis Semdeg warmodgenilia pub-
likaciis ZiriTadi nawili _ venis nacionaluri biblioTekis qarTul xel-
nawerTa katalogi, sadac danarCen sam wignTan SedarebiT, gacilebiT ufro
srulyofilad aris aRwerili CvenTvis saintereso garejuli krebuli.
Ven.4-is aRwerilobis dasawyisSi mkvlevari mokled axasiaTebs
xelnaweris teqnikur parametrebs: `qaRaldi; 305 furceli; or svetad;
furclebi _ 30 X 24; teqsti _ 20,7 X 15; TiToeuli sveti _ 16,4 X 6; 17
muxli; nusxaxucuri~ (feraZe 2004: 164. Sdr.: feraZe 1940: 226).
garejuli krebulis teqnikuri parametrebis daxasiaTebis Semdeg
grigol feraZe sakmaod dawvrilebiT ganixilavs xelnawerTan
dakavSirebul kodikologiur sakiTxebs da am mizniT, Ven.4-is anderZ-
minawerebidan sagangebod gamoyofs ramdenime kolofonis teqsts:
`xelnaweris warmomavlobas gvamcnobs 304v-ze teqstis xeliTve,
wiTeli feris melniT, nusxaxucuriT Sesrulebuli saintereso anderZi:
`saxeliTa RmrTisaÁTa, wignsa amas ewodebis sanatreli [sanatreli].
daiwera ÃeliTa undoÁsa, Sav nikoloz nikraÁsaÁTa [n(i)k(olo)z
nikraÁsaÁTa], sanaxebsa wmidisa mamisa daviTissa, garesjas, kedelsa (?),
romelsa ewodebis saxelad berTaÁ [sanaxebsa w(mid)isa mamisa daviTissa.
garesjas, kedvisa, r(ome)lsa ewodebis soflad berTaÁ], qronikonsa tp
(1160 w.), mefobasa Zisa demetres giorgisaze, welsa mefobisa misisasa g
(3). daamyaren RmerTman mefobaÁ misi saTnod oÂflisa Cuenisa iesÂ
qristÀsa, romlisaÁ ars didebaÁ ukuniTi ukunisadmde, amen da Sav nikrasa
16

[da Sav nikrasa) SromisaTÂs kurTxevaÁ saukunoÁ, amen. didebaÁ RmerTsa
srulmyofelsa yovelTasa, amen. meufeo, guakurTxen~ 6 .
xelnaweri 1160 welsaa gadawerili. 1570 wels igi mTavarepiskopos
vlases aukinZavs da aRudgenia. amis Sesaxeb 305r-ze misive xeliT, Savi
feris melniT, nusxaxucuriT dawerili anderZi gvamcnobs:
`didebaÁ RmerTsa srulmyofelsa yovlisa keTilisasa. Rirs viqmen me,
urbnel mTavarebiskoposi vlasi, Sekazmad wmidisa amis wignisa
`sanatrelisa~ [sanatreli], rameTu JamTa sigrZisagan ganryunil da uÃmar
qmniliyo da Cuen axlad, brZanebiTa da jerCinebiTa mamisa Cuenisa,
tfilel mTavarebiskoposisa barnabaÁsiTa, Ãelvyav Sekazmad salocvelad
codvilisa sulisa Cemisa da codvaTa CemTa Sesandobelad da yovelTa
CuenTa TÂsTa da naTesavTa micvalebulTa Sesandobelad da aw, gevedrebi
yovelTa, romelnica ikiTxÂdiT wmidasa amas wignsa, raÁTa Ãsenebul
viqmnebodeT wmidaTa Sina locuaTa TquenTa, raÁTa Tquenca moiRoT
sasyideli uxuvad mimniWeblisa mis yovelTa RmrTisagan da erTobiT
Rirs viqmnneT sasufevelsa caTasa, amen. locua yavT mamisa barnabasaTÂs
da Cuen sulierTa ZmaTaTÂs da Cem, codvilisa vlasesaTÂs, romelman
wmidaÁ ese wigni Sevhkazme. mravali Wiri vixile, oÂfalman uwyis. Seikazma
wmidaÁ ese wigni qronikonsa snÀE[snÀ] (1570 w.)~ 7 .
rogorc anderZi cxadyofs, SesaZloa, xelnaweri am TariRebs Soris
(e. i. 1160 wlis Semdeg) garejis monastridan palestinaSi vinme ucnobma ber-
ma waiRo, sadac igi ierusalimis axlos mdebare jvris monastris biblio-
TekaSi Seinaxes. xsenebuli mTavarepiskoposebi 1570-1572 wlebSi am monasterSi
cxovrobdnen da Zveli xelnawerebis ganaxleba-akinZvisaTvis iRwvodnen.
6 anderZis teqstis wakiTxva Cvenia. rac Seexeba dakuTxul frCxilebSi Casmul, dauxrel,
xazgasmul fragmentebs, isini grigol feraZis 1940 wlis publikaciidan gvaqvs
amoRebuli. aq es fragmentebi zustad citirebuli saxiT, qarTuli mxedruli SriftiT
aris CarTuli anderZis germanuli Targmanis teqstSi. xsenebul fargmentebSi qaragmis
gaxsna Cvenia.
7 minaweris teqstis wakiTxva Cvenia. rac Seexeba kuTxovan frCxilebSi Casmul, dauxrel,
xazgasmul fragmentebs, isini grigol feraZis 1940 wlis publikaciidan gvaqvs amoRebuli.
aq es fragmentebi zustad citirebuli saxiT, qarTuli mxedruli SriftiT aris
CarTuli minaweris germanuli Targmanis teqstSi. amave minawers darTuli aqvs sqolioSi
Catanili avtoriseuli SeniSvna: `mTavarepiskoposis mier (albaT, didi raodenobiT)
aRdgenili wignebidan sapatriarqos biblioTekaSi dReisaTvis mxolod samia
daculi _ #77, #141 da #145 (ix.: a. cagareli, dasax. naSr., 64, 169, 182, 188)~ (feraZe 2004:
172. Sdr.: feraZe 1940: 227).
17

1864 wels xelnaweri kvlav iqve imyofeboda da ganaxlebul iqna
besarion qiotiSvilis mier (CyÁd wels mxedruliT Sesrulebuli
minaweri 8r-ze).
1864 wlis Semdeg (1883 wlamde) xelnaweri jvris monastris
biblioTekidan gaitanes. 1883 wels ruseTis saimperatoro palestinuri
sazogadoebis davalebiT, prof. a. cagarelma Seiswavla jvris monastris
qarTuli xelnawerebi, magram es xelnaweri katalogSi ar Seutania.
rogorc berZnuli anderZi (303r, PIIC) cxadyofs,
es xelnaweri mTavardiakvan kleopas pirad biblioTekaSi inaxeboda,
romelic mogvianebiT nazareTis episkoposi gaxda 8 . mTavarepiskoposis
gardacvalebis Semdeg xelnaweri, rogorc Cans, misma memkvidreebma
mihyides vinme antikvars aleqsandriaSi, sadac igi 1931 wels venis
erovnulma biblioTekam SeiZina. imave wels xelnaweri Tavidan aikinZa da
sanimuSod iqna restavrirebuli venis erovnuli biblioTekis gamgeobis
mier~ (feraZe 2004: 164-165. Sdr.: feraZe 1940: 226-227).
Ven.4-is kodikologiuri sakiTxebis mimoxilvis Semdeg grigol
feraZem saTiTaod CamoTvlis xelnaweris aSiebze dacul grafikul
gamosaxulebebs: `xelnawerSi gvxvdeba ramdenime grafikuli Canaxati: 43r,
68r, 179r da 260r _ RmrTismSoblis gamosaxuleba; 33r _ macxovris
gamosaxuleba; 71r, 129r da 192v _ wmida giorgis gamosaxuleba; 94r _
ucnobi wmidanis gamosaxuleba; agreTve, 56r da 105r _ jvris monastris
beWedi da 259v _ sefiskveris sabeWdavi (igive sabeWdavi 203v-ze xeliT
aris gamosaxuli)~ (feraZe 2004: 165-166. Sdr.: berJe 1868: 228).
grafikuli gamosaxulebebis CamoTvlis Semdeg avtorma mokled
axasiaTebs xelnaweris dekoratiuli morTulobis ZiriTad elementebs:
`yoveli axali abzacis pirveli aso wiTlad aris daferili, xolo
TiToeuli Txzulebis saTauri yvavilTa mSvenieri gvirgviniTaa
garSemowerili~ (feraZe 2004: 166. Sdr.: feraZe 1940: 228).
Ven.4-is dekoratiul Semkulobaze saubris Semdeg grigol feraZe
axla ukve garejuli krebulis Sedgenilobaze gadadis da pirvel rigSi,
8 iqve, sqolioSi: `arqiepiskoposma kleopam icoda qarTuli ena da berZnuli
sapatriarqos gazeTSi `Nea Sion~ palestinis qarTuli monastrebis istoriis Sesaxeb
ramdenime naSromic gamoaqveyna~ (feraZe 2004: 172. Sdr.: feraZe 1940: 227).
18

xelnaweris `zanduks~ axasiaTebs: `pirvel gverdze nusxaxucuriT
mocemulia sarCevi, Sinaarsis aRweriloba.
xelnaweri Tormeti Txzulebisagan Sedgeba:
1. `SemoslvisaTÂs marxvaTasa, Tqmuli anastasi monazonisa~.
2. `TargmanebaÁ momixseneTa, Tqmuli grigoli noselisa~.
3. `aRdgomasa Semdgomad amboris yofisa, Tqmuli wmidisa ioane
oqropirisa~.
4. `sakiTxavi amaRlebisa~.
5. `kiTxva-migebani wmidisa basilisa da grigolisi~.
6. `cxorebaÁ SiSvel-marTalTa~.
7. `sakiTxavi wmidisa nisimasi~.
8. `SeCuÀnebaÁ mwvalebelTaÁ~.
9. `qebaÁ qebaÁTa, iambikonad Tqmuli~.
10. `sakiTxavi Sobisa RmrTisaÁ Cuenisa ies qristesi, dekenbersa ke (25)~.
11. `sakiTxavi dionisios ariopagelisa~.
12. `aRricxva welTa adamisiTganTa~ (feraZe 2004: 166. Sdr.: feraZe
1940: 228) 9 .
`zandukis~ daxasiaTebis Semdeg grigol feraZe saTiTaod exeba Ven.4-
Si Setanil pirvel TerTmet Txzulebas da TiToeuli am sakiTxavis
saTauri moaqvs im saxiT, ra saxiTac isini warmodgenilia Ven.4-is
ZiriTad teqstSi. garda amisa, avtori iqve miuTiTebs TerTmetive
Txzulebis pirvel da bolo gverdebs, xolo zogierT am sakiTxavs
damatebiT urTavs maTi teqstis dasawyis fragmentebs:
`1. 3v-41r. `Tqumuli anastasi monazonisa, sinelisaÁ, SemoslvisaTÂs
marxvaTaÁsa da meequsisaTÂs fsalmunisa~. Migne, PG. 89, 1077-1116 10 .
2. 41v-177v. `TargmanebaÁ momiÃsenisaÁ, Tqumuli wmidisa grigoli
noselisaÁ~. Migne, PG. 44, 1193-1302.
9 `zandukSi~ warmodgenili Tormetive Txzulebis saTauris wakiTxva Cvenia.
10 iqve, sqolioSi: `sxva xelnawerebis Sesaxeb, romlebic igive Txzulebebs Seicaven da
saqarTveloSi inaxeba ix.: Cemi Sroma: Die altchristliche Literatur in der georgischen Überlieferung,
`Oriens Christianus~, Jahrgänge, 1929-1933 (Leipzig)~ (feraZe 2004: 172. Sdr.: feraZe 1940: 228).
19

3. 178r-180r. `aRvsebasa Semdgomad amboris yofisa. ese sakiTxavi ersa
zeda ikiTxevebis, Tqumuli wmidisa mamisa Cuenisa ioane oqropirisaÁ~.
Migne, PG. 59, 721-724.
4. 180v-186v. `wmidaTa Soris mamisa Cuenisa ioane oqropirisa,
kostantinepolel mTavarepiskoposisaÁ, sityuaÁ amaRlebisaTÂs oÂflisa
Cuenisa ies qristesa~. Migne, PG. 52, 791-794.
5. 187v-208r. `sityÂs-gebaÁ kiTxva-migebiTi didisa basilisi da grigoli
RmrTismetyuelisaÁ~. Inc.: `hrqua grigoli: `vissa Sehgavs wodebad gulis
Ãmisyofad~.
6. 208v-224r. `SromaÁ da cxorebaÁ sanatrelTa maT SiSuel-marTalTaÁ
da wmidisa mamisa zosimesi~. Inc.: `Jamsa mas, romelsa iyo kaci erTi
udabnos da saxeli misi zosime~.
7. 224v-234v. `cxorebaÁ da moqalaqobaÁ wmidisa nisimesi, romeli iyo
asuli mefisa egÂbtisaÁ da iqmna mamasaxlis udabnos mZuvarTa zeda, ricxÂT
oTxasTa~. 11 . Inc.: `iyo egÂbtes dedakaci erTi, romelsa erqua nisime~.
235r-249r. `moTxrobaÁ wmidaTa mamaTa mZuvarTaTÂs, ricxÂT oTxasTa~.
Inc.: `xolo amisa Semdgomad mo-vinme-vida msaxursa eklesiisasa Tana
aleqsandriisasa~.
8. 249v-254v. `wvalebisa winamZRuarTa SeCuenebaÁ~. Inc.: `arioz, ucxo
qmnuli RmrTisagan, mwvalebelTa winamZRuari~. aqve gankiTxuli da
dawyevlili arian Semdegi eretikosebi: ariozi, evnomi, nestori, severiane
da evtiqe.
9. 255r-266r. `qebaÁ qebaTaÁ, SesxmaÁ wmidisa RmrTismSobelisaÁ brZnisa
solomonisgan~. Inc.: `amboris yofaÁ pirisaÁ momecin me~.
10. 266v-292r. `uwyebaTagan piruelTa gamowulilviT Sekrebuli
netarisa ioanesgan xucisa da monazonisa damaskelisa, sakiTxavi
SobisaTÂs oÂflisa Cuenisa ies qristesa~ 12 . Inc.: `raJams zafxuli
moiwios, yovlisa soflisa nivTni kualad ganaxlebad moiqcevian~.
11 iqve, sqolioSi: `berZnulad _ an (saZovarze gadena). ase uwodebdnen
asketebs, romlebic mxolod balaxebiTa da fesvebiT ikvebebodnen~ (feraZe 2004: 172.
Sdr.: feraZe 1940: 229).
12 iqve, sqolioSi: `Migne, PG. 96, 763-768. es qadageba ioane oqropiris saxeliTaa
motanili. igi gamocemulia quTaisSi, 1912 wels~ (feraZe 2004: 173. Sdr.: feraZe 1940: 230).
20

11. 292v-303r. `cxorebaÁ wmidisa dionosios episkoposisa, romeli iyo
Ze sokratisi da mTavari aTenelTaÁ, romelsa ewoda qalaqi brZenTaÁ.
moTxrobaÁ juarcumisaTÂs oÂflisa Cuenisa ies qristesa~. Inc.:
`gÂTxrobda Tavisa TÂsisaTÂs netari dionosios~ 13 (feraZe 2004: 166-167.
Sdr.: feraZe 1940: 228-230) 14 .
Ven.4-is pirvel TerTmet sakiTxavTan SedarebiT, grigol feraZe
gacilebiT ufro dawvrilebiT exeba garejuli krebulis rigiT
meTormete teqsts:
`12. 303v-304r. vasili oprafis 15 mokle uwyeba samyaros Seqmnisa da
qronografiis Sesaxeb 16 .
moviyvan:
radgan uwyebaSi mravali Secdomaa, mis mxolod mokle Sinaarss
`adamidan warRvnamde gavida 2242 weli; warRvnidan babilonis
godolamde _ 425 weli; babilonis godolidan abraamis droebamde _ 425
weli; abraamis xanidan ebraelTa egviptidan gamosvlamde _ 430 weli;
egviptidan gamosvlidan taZris agebamde _ 757 weli; taZris agebidan
tyveobamde _ 425 weli; mTlianad ki _ 4880 weli 17 . tyveobis xanidan
aleqsandres mefobamde _ 318 weli; aleqsandres mefobidan qristemde _
303 weli; mTlianad ki _ 5005 weli 18 . qristedan konstantinemde _ 318
weli; konstantines droidan mefe mixaelis 19 , Teofiles vaJis
mmarTvelobamde _ 5045 weli, mTlianad ki _ 5365 weli. am droidan aleqsi
komnenosamde _ 245 weli. amgvarad, samyaros Seqmnidan aqamde 6008 weli
13 iqve, sqolioSi: `es versia, sxva xelnawerebis mixedviT, gamoqveynebulia p. peetersis
mier. ix.: `Analecta Bollandiana~, XXXI (Bruxelles, 1912), 277-313~ (feraZe 2004: 173. Sdr.: feraZe
1940: 230).
14 TerTmetive Txzulebis saTaurisa da maTi teqstebis dasawyisi fragmentebis wakiTxva
Cvenia.
15 iqve, sqolioSi: `oprafi-s nacvlad wakiTxul unda iqnes oRrafi. aq mcdaradaa
gadmocemuli xrono-grafi an hagio-grafi _ vasili qrono- anu hagiografosi~ (feraZe
2004: 173. Sdr.: feraZe 1940: 230).
16 iqve, sqolioSi: `rogorc teqstis erT-erTi minaweridan Cans, am qronografiis
mTargmnelia Teofile. es Teofile XI saukunis kargad cnobili qarTveli mweralia.
ix.: k. kekeliZe, dasax. naSr., 252-256~ (feraZe 2004: 173. Sdr.: feraZe 1940: 230).
17 iqve, sqolioSi: `sinamdvileSi es 4704 welia~ (feraZe 2004: 173. Sdr.: feraZe 1940: 230).
18 iqve, sqolioSi: `Tu aTvlis wertilad 4880 wels aviRebT, am SemTxvevaSi, 5501 welia,
xolo Tu 4704 wlidan gamovalT, maSin 5325 weli gamodis~ (feraZe 2004: 173. Sdr.:
feraZe 1940: 231).
19 iqve, sqolioSi: `mixail III mefobda 842-867 wlebSi~ (feraZe 2004: 173. Sdr.: feraZe 1940:
231).
21

gavida. roca es Txzuleba qarTulad iTargmna, marti iyo, berZnuli
indiktioni x. daiwera 13 wlis Semdgom, tla wels, indiktions l (1111 w.)~
(feraZe 2004: 167-168. Sdr.: feraZe 1940: 230-231).
garejul krebulSi warmodgenuli Txzulebebis daxasiaTebis Semdeg,
grigol feraZe yuradRebas axla ukve garejuli krebulis minawerebze
amaxvilebs da maTgan, sagangebod gamoyofs XVIII saukunis ori minaweris
teqsts:
`zemoT moyvanili anderZ-minawerebis garda, xelnawerSi sxva, Zalze
saintereso minawerebic gvxvdeba.
ydis mxares, mxedruliT:
`CRom (1770 w.) marts ke (25). uRirsman: ioane. mRudel: monazonman
munjman. Sevswire. jvaris. monastersa. Cemi: mogebuli Jamni. daviTni.
kurTxevani: kondaki. stambisa. vinca moxvideT. aq. ixmareT. iaiTxeT. da
Sendoba. mibrZaneT. vinc. am ierusalimidam. waiRos. xelimca moekveTos: da
SeCvenebul iyos. q(rist)esgan. da meca. mepasuxos. didis. msajulis. winaSe.
a(me)n: saxarebisa stambisa pirRebulisa 20 . R(mr)Tis mSoblisa: ars:~ 21 .
iqve, sxva xeliT naweri:
`CRoÀ (1778 w.) okdobersa ke (25). uRirsi arqimandriti antonios. ama
wmidaTa. adgilTa. meored. moved. da Tayvanisvec. yovelT ganmacxovebels.
q(rist)es saflavsa. da wmidasa. golgoTas. da yovelTa. wmidaTa.
adgilTa. wmidis mamis. ioanes. naweri vnaxe. wignebi. veZie. da ierusalims.
wignebis saunjeSi 22 . vnaxe. saxareba. da kurTxevani. vpove. sxva. ara iyo.
bevri: veZie. yvelgan. da ver vipovne. vinca waiRo. aRwerilisa m(eb)r. eyos.
da mas upasuxos. vinc. am monasters. gamoaxva. a(me)n~ 23 .
20 iqve, sqolioSi: `sityva pirRebuli garkveul siZneleebs qmnis. SesaZloa, igi, mociqul
lukas mier Seqmnil pirvel xats gulisxmobs, an aRniSnavs mravalferad
gamosaxulebas, an kidev xats, romelic saswaulebrivad ganaxlda. yovel SemTxvevaSi,
es RmrTismSoblis saswaulTmoqmedi xatis saxelia. ramdenadac vici, garda am
SemTxvevisa, pirRebulis RmrTismSobeli saqarTveloSi ucnobia~ (feraZe 2004: 173. Sdr.:
feraZe 1940: 231).
21 qaragmis gaxsna, agreTve, frCxilebSi miTiTebuli weli da Tvis ricxvi Cvenia.
22 iqve, sqolioSi: `minaweridan irkveva, rom ierusalimSi, garda samonastro
biblioTekebisa, arsebobda qarTuli centraluri biblioTekac (ierusalimis
wignTsacavi)~ (feraZe 2004: 173. Sdr.: feraZe 1940: 232).
23 qaragmis gaxsna, agreTve, frCxilebSi miTiTebuli weli da Tvis ricxvi Cvenia.
22

orive minaweri cxadyofs, rom XVIII saukunis meore naxevarSi
palestinis qarTuli samonastro biblioTekebi rigianad ar imarTeboda~
(feraZe 2004: 168. Sdr.: feraZe 1940: 230-231).
statiis sul bolo nawilSi grigol feraZe garejuli krebulis
minawerebidan damatebiT gamoyofs ocze meti kolofonis teqsts da iqve
miuTiTebs, Tu konkretulad vin aris moxseniebuli am teqstebSi:
`sxva minawerebSi ixsenebian: 4r (1863 w. 9 dekemberi), 8r (1864 w.), 39r,
41v, 42r (samive _ 1863 w.), 56r, 81r, 129r, 180r (1863 w.) da 292v _ besarion
qiotiSvili; 25v, 39v da 218r (samive _ 1806 w), 41r, 209r, 224v, 249rv da 292r
(yvela uTariRo) _ beri lavrenti.
18v-ze _ aRdgomis monastris beri ioseb xuntusZe; 120r _ ambrose da
misi patroni qaixosro; 187r _ diakvani esaia; 265r _ batoniSvili TinaTin-
yofili nino; iqve _ monazoni Tebronia guriidan da misi biZa grigol
xevariZe~ (feraZe 2004: 168-169. Sdr.: feraZe 1940: 232).
dasasrul, aRvniSnavT imasac, rom grigol feraZes statiis bolos
CamoTvlili minawerebidan sqolioSi sagangebod moaqvs ori kolofonis
teqsti:
18v. `aRdgomeli ioseb xuntusZisa~ (feraZe 2004: 173. Sdr.: feraZe 1940: 232).
265r. `R(merT)o S(eiwyal)e. batoniSvili TinaTin. yofili nino~
(feraZe 2004: 173. Sdr.: feraZe 1940: 232) 24 .
amiT vasrulebT grigol feraZis 1940 wlis germanulenovani statiis
detalur mimoxilvas. vfiqrobT, gadauWarbeblad SeiZleba iTqvas, rom
mkvlevarma ganxiluli naSromiT umniSvnelovanesi etapi Seqmna garejuli
krebulisa da misi anderZ-minawerebis samecniero Seswavlis saqmeSi.
metic, ar SevcdebiT, Tuki vityviT, rom arc qarTul da arc romelime
ucxo enaze dRemde ar Seqmnila samecniero gamokvleva, sadac ase
mravalmxrivad iqneboda gaSuqebuli Ven.4-Tan dakavSirebuli calkeuli
sakiTxebi.
grigol feraZis statiis dabeWdvidan or aTeul welze meti xnis
Semdeg, 1962 wels ivane javaxiSvilis saxelobis Tbilisis saxelmwifo
universitetis profesorma levan menabdem gamoaqveyna Tavisi
24 minawerSi qaragmis gaxsna Cvenia.
23

monografiuli naSromis `Zveli qarTuli mwerlobis kerebis~ I tomis
pirveli nakveTi. wignSi, sxva mravalferovan masalasTan erTad
warmodgenili iyo garejis qvabovan savaneebSi gadawerili xelnawerebisa
da aq moRvawe mwignobar-kaligrafTa sakmaod vrceli CamonaTvali
(menabde 1962: 273-319).
CamonaTvalis bolos levan menabdes sqolioSi Catanili hqonda
SeniSvnis teqsti, sadac zemoT ganxilul 1940 wlis statiaze dayrdno-
biT, aRniSnavda, rom `g. feraZes venaSi unaxavs nikoloz nikrais mier 1160
wels garejSi gadawerili mozrdili krebuli~ (menabde 1962: 319).
miuxedavad imisa, rom dasaxelebul wignSi sxva araferi iyo naTqvami
Ven.4-is Sesaxeb, am cnobas mainc didi mniSvneloba hqonda qarTveli
filologosebisa da istorikosebisaTvis. marTlac, levan menabdis naS-
romi warmoadgenda saqarTveloSi dabeWdil pirvel wigns, romlis daxma-
rebiTac farTo samecniero sazogadoebam garkveuli informacia miiRo
aramxolod qveynis imdroindeli xelisuflebis mier Serisxuli emig-
ranti mecnieris erT-erTi publikaciis Taobaze, aramed venis nacionalur
biblioTekaSi daculi 1160 wlis garejuli krebulis Sesaxebac 25 .
levan menabdis wignis gamocemidan daaxloebiT ori aTeuli wlis
Semdeg Ven.4-iT sagangebod dainteresda qarTvel filologosTa erTi
jgufi da ramdenime sxvadasxva xasiaTis naSromic miuZRvna garejul
krebuls, ufro zustad ki, krebulSi warmodgenil `qebaÁ qebaTaÁs~
teqsts. am mxriv, pirveli rigSi, aRsaniSnavia xelnawerTa institutis
mecnier TanamSromlis, profesor zurab sarjvelaZis mier 1983 wels,
25 sabWoTa saqarTvelos oficialuri xelisuflebis mxridan grigol feraZis samecniero
moRvaweobisadmi ukiduresad agresiuli damokidebulebis ukeT warmosaCenad moviyvanT
nawyvets istorikosi goCa saiTiZis statiidan `wm. mRvdelmowame arqimandriti
grigol feraZe (cxovreba da moRvaweoba)~: `...mama grigols misma moRvaweobam saer-
TaSoriso samecniero wreebSi udidesi avtoriteti mouxveWa. mis mravalmxriv saqmianobas
ignorirebas mxolod sabWoTa sistema uwevda. aq, rogorc wesi, grigol
feraZis naSromebis araTu dabeWdva, aramed sqolioSi damowmeba da, ubralod, saxelis
xsenebac ki sastikad ikrZaleboda. sailustraciod erT magaliTs movitanT: `1937 wels,
rodesac mTels msoflioSi farTod aRiniSneboda SoTa rusTavelis `vefxistyaosnis~
750 wlis iubile, grigol feraZem am RirsSesaniSnav TariRs erTbaSad sami naSromi
uZRvna, varSavaSi gamarTul saerTaSoriso konferenciaze moxsenebac waikiTxa.
iubilesTan dakavSirebuli RonisZiebebi, rasakvirvelia, saqarTveloSic tardeboda,
gamoicemoda samecniero krebulebi Tu wignebi, romelTagan erT-erTs savalalo bedi
ewia: cnobili literatoris _ gaioz imedaSvilis wigni sabWoTa cenzuram akrZala
mxolod da mxolod imitom, rom avtors sqolioSi miTiTebuli hqonda grigol
feraZis naSromi SoTa rusTavelis Sesaxeb~ (saiTiZe 2003: 17).
24

krebul `mravalTavis~ X tomSi gamoqveynebuli statia `venaSi daculi
`qebaÁ qebaTaÁs~ teqstisaTvis~ (sarjvelaZe 1983).
statiis Sesaval nawilSi avtori Segvaxsenebs, rom gansaxilavi
bibliuri wignis `qebaÁ qebaTaÁs~ teqsti daculia ramdenime qarTul
xelnawerSi da iqve CamoTvlis am nusxebs: oSkis biblia (978 w.), mcxeTuri
anu sulxan-saba orbelianis mier gadawerili biblia (XVII-XVIII ss.) da
baqariseuli pirvelnabeWdi biblia (1743 w.). mkvlevris TqmiT, garda
uSualod `qebaÁ qebaTaÁs~ teqstisa, cnobilia `qebaÁ qebaTaÁs
Targmanebebi~, romlebic, Tavis mxriv, warmodgenilia Satberdis
krebulsa (X s.) da xelnawerTa institutSi dacul or xelnawerSi _ A-55-
sa (XII s.) da A-65-Si (1188-1210 ww.). dasasrul, avtori SeniSnavs, rom imave
A-65-Si Setanilia Sesabamisi `Targmanebidan~ gamokrebili `qebaÁ
qebaTaÁs~ teqstic (sarjvelaZe 1983: 75) 26 .
amis Semdeg zurab sarjvelaZe pirdapir gadadis garejul krebulze
da gvauwyebs, rom `qebaÁ qebaTaÁs~ sruli teqsti aris daculi avstriaSi,
venis nacionaluri biblioTekis #4 qarTul xelnawerSi. es saintereso
xelnaweri aRwera gr. feraZem (aq avtors mxedvelobaSi aqvs grigol
feraZis 1940 wlis statia _ T. j.). am SemTxvevaSi usaTuod imsaxurebs
26 specialuri literaturis Tanaxmad, zurab sarjvelaZis mier CamoTvlil xelnawereb-
Si Semonaxulia `qebaÁ qebaTaÁs~ xuTi gansxvavebuli redaqcia. aqedan, pirveli redaqcia
daculia 978 wlis oSkis bibliaSi (Ath.1) (gigineiSvili ... 1989: 559-572; cagareli
1886: 17-56; kiknaZe 1965: 127-134; doCanaSvili 1985: 21-30; solomoni 1987: 164-174, 717). meore
redaqcia warmodgenilia XI-XII saukuneebiT daTariRebul A-55-sa (bregaZe ... 1973: 147-153;
kiknaZe 1965: 127-134; doCanaSvili 1985: 21-30) da sulxan-saba orbelianiseul bibliaSi (A-
51) (gigineiSvili ... 1989: 609-619; kiknaZe 1965: 133-134; doCanaSvili 1985: 21-31, 61-68),
agreTve, XII saukunis grigol noselis TxzulebaTa krebulSi (A-108) (bregaZe ... 1976:
29, 33; kiknaZe 1965: 126), XVIII saukuneSi gadaweril Q-1052-sa (kiknaZe 1965: 126) da aTonis
iverTa monastris kuTvnil erT-erT qarTul xelnawerSi (kiknaZe 1965: 126). `qebaÁ
qebaTaÁs~ mesame redaqcia Setanilia 1188-1210 wlebis krebulSi _ igive A-65-Si (bregaZe
... 1973: 224-230; gigineiSvili ... 1989: 592-593; kiknaZe 1965: 133; doCanaSvili 1985: 21-30);
xolo kidev erTi, rigiT meoTxe redaqcia ki _ qarTlis mefis baqaris (1717-1719 ss.)
safasiT 1743 wels moskovSi dabeWdil bibliaSi (gigineiSvili ... 1989: 627-635; kiknaZe
1965: 133; doCanaSvili 1985: 21-30). calke msjelobis sagania `qebaÁ qebaTaÁs Targmanebis~
is teqsti, romelic, saTauris Tanaxmad, ipolite romaels miekuTvneba da romelic,
Cvenamde sami xelnaweriT aris moRweuli. es nusxebia: X saukunis Satberdis krebuli
(S-1141) (ipolite 1901: V-Áz; gigineiSvili ... 1979: 15-44, 249-268), XII-XIII saukuneebis
ierusalimuri xelnaweri #39 (mari 1955: 81-82; gigineiSvili ... 1979: 32-36) da XVII-XVIII
saukuneebiT daTariRebuli krebuli (A-165) (bregaZe ... 1976: 244-248; gigineiSvili ... 1979:
32-36). am TxzulebaSi ganmartebuli `qebaÁ qebaTaÁs~ teqsti, zurab sarjvelaZis
jerjerobiT gamouqveynebeli naSromis Tanaxmad, ar miekuTvneba zemoT CamoTvlili
oTxi redaqciidan arc erTs da maTgan gansxvavebul mexuTe redaqcias qmnis
(informaciis mowodebisaTvis madlobas movaxsenebT mkvlevris qaliSvils, Tbilisis
saxelmwifo universitetis mecnier TanamSromels, filologos sofio sarjvelaZes).
25

yuradRebas is faqti, rom `qebaÁ qebaTaÁ~ Setanilia arabibliur
krebulSi. rogorc kargadaa cnobili, `qebaÁ qebaTaÁ~ ar gvxvdeba leq-
cionarebSic ki, sadac TiTqmis yvela sxva bibliuri wignebidan aris da-
dasturebuli nawyvetebi, xolo calkeuli wignebi (ruTisa, ionas winas-
warmetyveleba da sxva) mTlianadaa warmodgenili~ (sarjvelaZe 1983: 75).
odnav ufro qvemoT mkvlevari kidev erT sayuradRebo detalze
amaxvilebs yuradRebas: `irkveva, rom avstriul xelnawerSi dadas-
turebuli teqsti ar misdevs `qebaÁ qebaTaÁs~ sxva romelime qarTul
redaqcias. igi gankerZoebiT dgas da damoukidebel Targmans warmoadgens.
amasTan zogierT SemTxvevaSi qarTuli teqsti sakmaod sxvaobs TviT
berZnuli teqstisagan~ (sarjvelaZe 1983: 75). aRniSnuli mosazrebis
dasasabuTeblad zurab sarjvelaZe safuZvlianad ganixilavs aramxolod
`qebaÁ qebaTaÁs~ venur nusxas, aramed am teqstis sxva qarTul da berZnul
variantebsac (sarjvelaZe 1983: 76-79).
zurab sarjvelaZis ganxilul naSroms gansakuTrebul samecniero Ri-
rebulebas sZens is faqtic, rom mkvlevars warmodgenili aqvs `qebaÁ qeba-
TaÁs~ venuri nusxis pirveli da jerjerobiT erTaderTi sruli pub-
likacia. teqsti akademiuri saxiT aris gamocemuli (sarjvelaZe 1983: 79-86).
calke aRniSvnis Rirsia kidev erTi garemoeba. statiis avtors `qebaÁ
qebaTaÁs~ teqstisaTvis darTuli aqvs garejuli krebulis Sesabamisi
furclebis (255r-266r) aSiebze Sesrulebuli oTxi minaweris teqsti.
ucvleli saxiT mogvyavs am kolofonebis zurab sarjvelaZiseuli
publikacia:
1. `aSiaze (igulisxmeba 265r-s aSia _ T. j.): `mandragori vaSlia,
Zmano~ (sarjvelaZe 1983: 85).
2. `aSiaze (igulisxmeba amave 265r-s aSia _ T. j.): `RmerTo, Seiwyale
batoniSvili TinaTin, yofili nino. RmerTo, Seiwyale febronia monazoni,
guruli, biZa misi grigol xevariZe~ (sarjvelaZe 1983: 86) 27 .
27 es ori kolofoni, rogorc ukve vnaxeT zemoT, grigol feraZis statiaSic aris
moxseniebuli (feraZe 2004: 162). garda amisa, dasaxelebul publikaciaSi sruli saxiTaa
Setanili pirveli minaweris teqstic (feraZe 2004: 173).
26

3. `minaweri (igulisxmeba 266r-ze nikoloz nikrais xeliT Sesrulebu-
li da uSualod `qebaÁ qebaTaÁs~ teqstze mikruli kolofoni _ T. j.):
`didebaÁ RmerTsa, srul-myofelisa yovelTasa, amen~ (sarjvelaZe 1983: 86).
zurab sarjvelaZis statias asrulebs rusul enaze Sedgenili
reziume, sadac kidev erTxel aris Sejamebuli mkvlevris mier gamut-
qmuli ZiriTadi mosazrebebi: `Грузинская рукопись 1160 года Венской
национальной библиотеки (№4) содержит полный текст `Песни песней~. В резултате
сравнения Венского текста с другими вариантами этой книги автор приходит к выводу,
что Венский текст самостоятельный перевод с греческого языка. Время перевода –
приблизительно XI в 28 . Интересен язык Венского текста. Он содержит лексические
единицы, которые не учтены в словарях древнегрузинского языка. К статье прилагается
Венский текст Песни песней~ (sarjvelaZe 1983: 87).
amrigad, zurab sarjvelaZis 1983 wlis statia SeiZleba CaiTvalos
saetapo mniSvnelobis mqone samecniero publikaciad, romelmac
safuZveli daudo garejul krebulSi Tavmoyrili teqstebis akademiuri
Seswavlisa da gamocemis saqmes.
ganxiluli statiis dabeWdvidan mcire xnis Semdeg, 1985 wels
saqarTvelos mecnierebaTa akademiasTan arsebulma saqarTvelos istoriis
wyaroebis komisiam seriiT `mcxeTuri xelnaweri~ gamoaqveyna sulxan-saba
orbelianiseuli bibliis (A-51) ramdenimetomiani gamocemis meoTxe
nakveTi. publikaciaSi Setanili iyo Semdegi teqstebi: eklesiaste, sibrZne
solomonisa, qeba qebaTa solomonisa da winaswarmetyvelebis: esaias,
ieremias, baruqisa da ezekielis wignebi. Zeglebi gamosacemad moamzada
Tbilisis saxelmwifo universitetis profesorma elene doCanaSvilma.
manve Seadgina publikaciisaTvis wamZRvarebuli vrceli Sesavali
teqstic (doCanaSvili 1985).
aRniSnul Sesaval nawilSi mTeli Tavi aqvs daTmobili mcxeTur
xelnawerSi warmodgenil erT-erT bibliur wigns `qebaÁ qebaTaÁs~. masze
saubrisas elene doCanaSvili Tanmimdevrulad mimoixilavs sxvadasxva
qarTul xelnawerebSi dacul nusxebs da arsebiTad ucvleli saxiT
imeorebs specialur literaturaSi damkvidrebul sam ZiriTad
28 sagulisxmoa, rom avtoris mier SemoTavazebuli bolo debuleba uSualod statiaSi
Setanili ar aris da mxolod rusulenovan reziumeSi gvxvdeba.
27

mosazrebas: 1. 978 wlis oSkis bibliaSi (Ath.1), 1160 wlis garejul
krebulSi (Ven.4), 1188-1210 wlebis A-65-sa da 1743 wlis pirvelnabeWd
bibliaSi warmodgenilia `qebaÁ qebaTaÁs~ oTxi gansxvavebuli redaqcia; 2.
XI-XII saukuneebiT daTariRebuli A-55-isa da XVII-XVIII saukuneebis
mcxeTuri bibliis (S-1141) nusxebi qmnian zemoT CamoTvlili
redaqciebidan calke mdgom, rigiT mexuTe redaqcias; 3. `qebaÁ qebaTaÁs~
qarTul redaqciaTa mTargmneli pirebi ar kmayofildebian mxolod erTi
romelime ucxoenovani wyaroTi da saWiroebis SemTxvevaSi daubrko-
leblad sargebloben sxva wyaroebiTac (doCanaSvili 1985: 21-30).
am daskvnebis paralelurad, elene doCanaSvili sagangebod gamoyofs
garejul krebulSi dacul `qebaÁ qebaTaÁs~ teqsts da ramdenime
saintereso mosazrebas gamoTqvams mis Sesaxeb: `rogorc zemoT aRvniSneT,
z. sarjvelaZem gamosca venis nacionalur biblioTekaSi daculi `qebaÁ
qebaTaÁs~ sruli teqsti da am teqstis Sesaxeb sagangebo gamokvleva,
romelSic is aRniSnavs, rom avstriul xelnawerSi dadasturebuli
teqsti ar misdevs `qebaÁ qebaTaÁs~ sxva romelime qarTul redaqcias. igi
gankerZoebiT dgas da damoukidebel Targmans warmoadgens. es SeimCneva
rogorc redaqciul-Sinaarsobriv aspeqtSi, iseve leqsikaSi. dasaxele-
buli naSromis avtori Tvlis, miuxedavad TviT Zeglis berZnuli
teqstisagan ara erTi gansxvavebisa, rom igi aucileblad berZnulidan
aris Targmnili da amis damadasturebeli masala moaqvs. marTlac, am
teqstis guldasmiT Sejereba sxva qarTul nusxebTan da CvenTvis
xelmisawvdom ucxo (berZnuli, somxuri, ebrauli, laTinuri) wyaroebTan
sruliad damajerebls xdis z. sarjvelaZis daskvnas. magram interess
aRZravs da gaocebas iwvevs is faqti, rom rodesac S nusxas (igulisxmeba
`qebaÁ qebaTaÁs~ sulxan-sabaseul bibliaSi warmodgenili nusxa _ T. j.)
vudarebdiT sxva nusxebsa Tu ucxo wyaroTa Cvenebebs, zogjer is
gansxvavebuli leqsema Tu sxva ram ganmasxvavebeli niSani swored A
nusxaSi e. i. avstriul teqstSi iCenda Tavs. redaqciulad isini isev
calke rCebian am konkretul SemTxvevaSic, magram aRniSnuli garemoeba
28

maTSi saerTo wyarodan momdinare nakadis arsebobazec unda miuTi-
Tebdes~ (doCanaSvili 1985: 28-29) 29 .
rogorc vxedavT, `mcxeTuri xelnaweris~ meoTxe nakveTisTvis
wamZRvarebul SesavalSi elene doCanaSvilma erTgvarad gaagrZela
garejul krebulSi warmodgenili erT-erTi teqstis `qebaÁ qebaTaÁs~
filologiuri Seswavlis saqme da aramxolod gaiziara, aramed ramdenime
axali dakvirvebiTac gaamdidra zurab sarjvelaZis mier amave teqstis
Sesaxeb odnav ufro adre gamoTqmuli mosazrebebi.
`mcxeTuri xelnaweris~ meoTxe nakveTis dabeWdvidan arcTu ise didi
xnis Semdeg, 1989 wels xelnawerTa institutma gamoaqveyna agreTve
ramdenimetomiani gamocemis `wignni Zuelisa aRTqumisanis~ pirveli
nakveTi, sadac Setanili iyo `SesaqmisaÁs~ da `gamoslvaTaÁs~ teqstebi.
wigns damatebis saxiT erTvoda `Zveli aRTqmis qarTul xelnawerTa
aRweriloba~, romelic, Tavis mxriv, Sesrulebuli iyo filologosebis:
baqar gigineiSvilis, nargiza goguaZis, gulnaz kiknaZis, ciala
qurcikiZisa da uCa cindelianis mier (gigineiSvili ... 1989).
aRniSnul `aRwerilobaSi~, rogorc es misi saxelwodebidan Cans,
metnaklebi sisruliT aris daxasiaTebuli yvela is qarTuli xelnaweri,
sadac Zveli aRTqmis Tundac erTi wigni mainc aris warmodgenili.
qronologiuri principiT dalagebul am or aTeulamde xelnawers Soris,
rasakvirvelia, garejul krebulsac vxvdebiT. misi aRweriloba gulnaz
kiknaZis mier aris Sedgenili (gigineiSvili ... 1989: 538).
publikaciaSi vkiTxulobT: `venis nac. bibl. xeln. 4. krebuli. 1160.
305 f.; 30X24; qaRaldi; naweri 20,7X15, sveti 16,4X6; gverdze 17 striqoni;
nusxuri, sazedao asoebi asomTavruliT; gadamweri nikolozi (304v),
gadaweris adgili daviT gareja (304v); mkazmveli vlasi (305r); 1160;
miniatiura (260). `qebaÁ qebaTaÁ, SesxmaÁ wmidisa RmrTismSobelisaÁ,
29 amave Sesavali nawilis bolos elene doCanaSvili gvauwyebs, rom `qebaÁ qebaTaÁs~
Zveli qarTuli redaqciebi gamosacemad hqonia momzadebuli zemoT ukve araerTgzis
naxseneb zurab sarjvelaZes (doCanaSvili 1985: 21, 30). vinaidan es metad mniSvnelovani
naSromi dRemde ar aris dabeWdili, piradad davukavSirdiT gardacvlili mecnieris
qaliSvils sofio sarjvelaZes da gavarkvieT, rom zurab sarjvelaZis mier
kritikulad dadgenili da Sesabamisi samecniero aparatiT aRWurvili teqstebis
gamocema axlo momavlisTvis yofila dagegmili. imave sofio sarjvelaZis cnobiT,
publikaciaSi jerovani saxiT iqneba warmodgenili Ven.4-Si daculi `qebaÁ qebaTaÁs~
teqstic.
29

Znisa solomonisagan; meufeo, guakurTxen, _ amboris-yofaÁ pirisaÁ
momecin me, rameTu Senni ZuZuni RÂnisa mjob arian...~ 30 . 255r-266r. SeniSvnebi:
1. teqsti moTavsebulia arabibliuri xasiaTis krebulSi, naTargmni
berZnulidan XI s-Si, gamoikvlia da gamoaqveyna z. sarjvelaZem (ix. z.
sarjvelaZe, venaSi daculi `qebaÁ qebaTaÁs~ teqstisaTvis, mravalT., X,
1983, gv. 75-87). 2. xelnaw. aRwerili aqvs g. feraZes (ix.: Gr. Peradze, Über die
Georgischen Handschriften on Östereich: Weiner Zeitschrift für die Kunde des Morgenlandes
1940, Bd. 47, H. 3-4, S. 226-232). minawerebi (nusxuriT): 1. `RmerTo, Seiwyale
batoniSvili TinaTin, yofili nino~; 2. `RmerTo, Seiwyale febronia
monazoni guruli, biZa misi grigol xevariZe~ (265r); 3. `dideba RmerTsa,
srulmyofelsa yovelTasa, amen~ (265r) 31 . sxva minawerebis Sesaxeb ix.: G.
Peradze, dasax. naSr., iqve~ (gigineiSvili ... 1989: 593).
amrigad, gulnaz kiknaZem samecniero sazogadoebas SesTavaza gare-
juli krebulis pirveli qarTulenovani aRweriloba, romelic, marTa-
lia, informaciis sisruliT sagrZnoblad Camouvardeboda grigol fera-
Ziseul germanulenovan aRwerilobas, magram am ukanasknelisagan gansxva-
vebiT, bibliografiul iSviaTobas ar warmoadgenda da farTo samecniero
sazogadoebisaTvisac gacilebiT ufro advilad xelmisawvdomi iyo.
XX saukunis 90-ian wlebSi garejuli krebulisadmi samecniero
interesma erTgvarad iklo. marTlac, am periodidan CvenTvis cnobilia
mxolod erTi publikacia, 1995 wels dabeWdili SemecnebiT-
bibliografiuli xasiaTis wigni `bibliis megzuri~, romlis qarTuli
versiac filologos elguja giunaSvils ekuTvnis. aq `qebaÁ qebaTaÁs~
Semcvel sxva qarTul xelnawerebs Soris ubralod dasaxelebulia Ven.4
(giunaSvili ... 1995: 32).
XXI saukunis dasawyisidan garejuli krebulisa da misi anderZ-
minawerebis samecniero kvlevis procesi isev ganaxlda. am mxriv, pirvel
rigSi, aRsaniSnavia avstriis qarTuli siZveleebis cnobili mkvlevris,
filologos vaxtang imnaiSvilis avtorobiT 2001 wels gamoqveynebuli
30 `qebaÁ qebaTaÁs~ es fragmenti sxvadasxva saxiT aris warmodgenili grigol feraZisa
(feraZe 2004: 167) da zurab sarjvelaZis (sarjvelaZe 1983: 79) publikaciebSi.
31 aq citirebuli kolofonebi sxvadasxva saxiT aris Setanili grigol feraZisa (feraZe
2004: 169, 173) da zurab sarjvelaZis (sarjvelaZe 1983: 86) statiebSi.
30

mciretaniani wigni `sinas mTidan gracamdis (gracis qarTuli xelna-
werebis istoria)~. naSromSi ZiriTadi yuradReba gracis universitetis
kuTvnil qarTul xelnawerebs, ufro zustad ki, am xelnawerebis sinas
mTidan gracSi moxvedris peripetiebs eTmoba (imnaiSvili 2001).
garda amisa, vaxtang imnaiSvili gakvriT exeba venis nacionalur
biblioTekaSi dacul qarTul xelnawerebs, maT Soris, CvenTvis
saintereso Ven.4-sac da am xelnawerebis `pirad saqmeebze~ dayrdnobiT,
garkveul informacias gvawvdis maTi venaSi moxvedris droisa da
pirobebis Sesaxeb: `venis erovnuli biblioTekis #1 xelnaweri 1873 wlis
8 maiss iyides 45 guldenad antikvar goldSmidtisagan, ##2-3-4 xelnawe-
rebi (#4 xelnawerSi igulisxmeba garejuli krebuli _ T. j) profesorma
turkerma biblioTekisaTvis ucnobi antikvarisagan 1931 wlis 3 ianvars
SeiZina egvipteSi, aleqsandriaSi, xolo #5 xelnaweri, saxareba, 1938
wlis 15 ivliss iyides venaSi natalia kronegerisagan~ (imnaiSvili 2001) 32 .
rogorc vxedavT, vaxtang imnaiSvilma mis mier warmoebuli
kodikologiuri kvleva-Ziebis Sedegad, samecniero mimoqcevaSi Semoitana
ramdenime dazustebuli cnoba garejuli krebulis mravalsaukunovani
istoriis bolo monakveTis Sesaxeb.
Ven.4-is filologiuri Seswavlis TvalsazrisiT, sakmaod
warmatebuli gamodga 2003 weli. daviwyoT imiT, rom am wels krebul
`mravalTavis~ XX nomerSi gamoqveynda xelnawerTa institutis mecnier-
TanamSromlis qeTevan asaTianis statia: `nisimes cxovrebis~ XII saukunis
ucnobi qarTuli nusxis Sesaxeb (winaswari cnobebi)~, romelic
sagangebod garejul krebulSi warmodgenili hagiografiuli Txzulebis
_ wm. nisimes `cxovrebisadmi~ iyo miZRvnili (asaTiani 2003: 53-59) 33 .
32 zustad sami wlis Semdeg, 2004 wels vaxtang imnaiSvilma gamoaqveyna vrceli naSromi
saxelwodebiT: `uZvelesi qarTuli xelnawerebi avstriaSi~. avtors wignSi A nakveTad
Setanili aqvs 2001 wels dabeWdili wignakis teqsti (imnaiSvili 2004: 4-46). vinaidan
2004 wlis gamocema absoluturad ucvleli saxiT imeorebs 2001 wlis publikaciis
CvenTvis saintereso adgils, winamdebare naSromSi mxolod am ukanasknelis citireba
CavTvaleT saWirod.
33 marTalia, aRniSnuli naSromi 2003 wels gamoqveynda krebul `mravalTavis~ furclebze,
magram misi teqsti avtorma gacilebiT ufro adre, 2001 wlis seqtemberSi, Cveni
TxovniT, moxsenebis saxiT waikiTxa istoriisa da eTnologiis institutSi gamar-
Tul, institutis daarsebis 60 wlisTavisadmi miZRvnili axalgazrda mecnierTa da
aspirantTa dargTaSoris samecniero konferenciaze. moxsenebis saTauri iyo: `nisimes
cxovrebis~ Seuswavleli XII saukunis qarTuli nusxis Sesaxeb (winaswari cnobebi)~.
31

statiis dasawyisSi qeTevan asaTiani mokled gvacnobs wm. nisimes
warmomavlobasa da moRvaweobasTan dakavSirebul detalebs 34 . amis Semdeg
avtori gvauwyebs, rom wm. nisimes `cxovrebis~ X saukuneSi Sesrulebuli
qarTuli Targmanis teqsti korneli kekeliZis mier sam _ A, B da C
redaqciad aris dayofili 35 . iqve mkvlevari detalurad mimoixilavs
`nisimes cxovrebis~ qarTuli Targmanis warmomavlobis Taobaze
gamoTqmul sxvadasxva mosazrebebs 36 da Zeglis samecniero kvlevis
istoriaze saubarsac amiT amTavrebs (asaTiani 2003: 53-54).
34 mkvlevris TqmiT: `cnoba nisimes Sesaxeb jer kidev IV saukunidan Cndeba. yvelaze
Zveli avtori, romelic masze mogviTxrobs, efrem asuria. misi avtorobiT moRweuli
Txrobis siuJetis mixedviT, egviptis mefis asuli isidora (igulisxmeba wm. nisime _ T.
j.), mSoblebis gardacvalebisTanave tovebs mamiseuli saxl-kars da udabnoSi midis.
ormoci wlis asketuri cxovrebis Semdeg, igi udabnodan tabeneses dedaTa monasterSi
mkvidrdeba, iq salosis moRvaweobas iwyebs, xolo mas mere, rac pitirionis meSveobiT,
misi faruli Rvawli cxaddeba, igi kvlav udabnos ubrundeba da amis Semdeg aRaravin
icis misi asaval-dasavali. amave Txrobas imeorebs odnav mogvianebiT paladi
helinopoleli `lavsaikonSi~. am adreuli Txrobebisagan gansxvavebiT, ufro didi
moculobisa da SedarebiT farTo Sinaarsisaa misi `cxovreba~, romlis mixedviTac
tabaneses monastridan udabnoSi wasuli nisima (isidora) oTxasi meudabnoe mamis
winamZRvari xdeba~ (asaTiani 2003: 53).
35 korneli kekeliZis Tanaxmad, `nisimes cxovrebis~ A redaqcias miekuTvneba erTaderTi,
X-XI saukuneebis krebulSi (A-249) daculi nusxa (bregaZe ... 1980: 87; kekeliZe 1918:
XXXIV, XLVI, 202-214; kekeliZe 1960: 92-101). B redaqciaSi gaerTianebulia sami sxva
nusxa, romlebic, Tavis mxriv, warmodgenilia Semdeg xelnawerebSi: XIVBsaukunis
krebulSi (A-146) (bregaZe ... 1976: 200; kekeliZe 1960: 92-101), 1738 wlis `wmidaTa
cxovrebasa~ (A-161) (bregaZe ... 1976: 230; kekeliZe 1960: 92-101) da XVIII saukunis krebulSi
(A-126) (bregaZe ... 1976: 1976 w. 121; kekeliZe 1960: 92-101). sul bolo, C redaqciaSi
Tavmoyrilia kidev sami xelnaweriT moRweuli nusxebi. es xelnawerebia: XV saukunis
krebuli (A-382) (bregaZe ... 1985: 123; kekeliZe 1918: XXXV, XLVI, 202-214; kekeliZe 1960: 92-
101), 1708 wlis krebuli (A-518) (bregaZe ... 2004: 518; kekeliZe 1960: 92-101) da XIX saukunis
A-653 (kekeliZe 1960: 92-101). mogvianebiT, 1983 wels filologosma nani waqaZem mTeli
monografia miuZRvna CvenTvis saintereso teqsts: `nisimes cxovrebis~ siriuli,
arabuli da qarTuli versiebi (gamokvleva, teqstebi, Targmanebi)~. naSromSi avtorma
korneli kekeliZis mier Seswavlil Svid nusxas kidev Tormeti sxva nusxa daumata.
aqedan, aTi nusxa aRmoCnda saqarTveloSi, xelnawerTa institutis fondebSi, xolo
ori nusxa, did britaneTSi, bodleis biblioTekis uordropiseul xelnawerTa fondSi
(waqaZe 1983: 29-31). nani waqaZis mier gamovlenili nusxebidan rva nusxa miekuTvneba
`nisimes cxovrebis~ B redaqcias. esenia: Wardr.e-1 (1784 w.), H-2281 (1793 w.), S-134 (XVIII s.),
Wardr.e-2 (XVIII s.), A-1050 (1801 w.), H-286 (1853 w.), S-139 (XVIII-XIX ss.) da S-3640 (XIX s.)
(waqaZe 1983: 30-32). kidev sami nusxa miekuTvneba C redaqcias: H-947 (1864 w.), A-851 (XIX s.)
da H-1762 (XIX s.) (waqaZe 1983: 30-32). sul bolo, 1765-1779 wlebis krebuli (S-300) ki,
mkvlevarma sulac meoTxe, D literiT gamoyo (waqaZe 1983: 7; gabiZaSvili 2009b: 32).
36 qeTevan asaTianis TqmiT: `specialur gamokvlevaSi k. kekeliZe varaudobs, rom `nisimes
cxovreba~, romelic qarTulad naTargmni hagiografiis erT-erTi uZveles nimuSs
warmoadgens, kopturidan unda iyos naTargmni. p. peetersi ki mas ufro siriulidan
momdinared miiCnevs. k. kekeliZis da p. peetersisagan gansxvavebuli azri aqvs n. waqaZes.
is aRniSnavs, rom qarTuli versia imdenad zedmiwevniT emTxveva Sin.342-is arabul
teqsts, rom maT Soris variantuli sxvaobebic ki misTvis sagangebo kvlevis sagani
gamxdara. sxvaobaTa Seswavlis Semdeg mkvlevari askvnis, rom rig SemTxvevaSi
variantebi arabuli sityvebis polisemiurobiT aixsneba, zogjer ki isini mTargmnelis
32

publikaciis momdevno nawilSi qeTevan asaTiani mkiTxvels
ganumartavs Tu ratom dainteresda igi maincdamainc am teqstiT: `sanam
`nisimes cxovrebis~ qarTul Targmans SevexebodeT, aRvniSnavT, Tu ram
gamoiwvia Cveni daintereseba am sakiTxiT. saqme isaa, rom 1949 wels g. fe-
raZem venaSi oTxi umniSvnelovanesi qarTuli xelnaweri aRmoaCina. erT-
erT maTganSi, romelic meoTxe nomrad aris gatarebuli da hagiografi-
ul da homiletikur krebuls warmoadgens, aRmoCnda `nisimes cxovrebis~
kidev erTi, manamde ucnobi nusxa. es xelnaweri jer ar gamxdara mecni-
erTa Seswavlis sagani 37 . mis Sesaxeb arc zogadi cnobebi mogvepoveba spe-
cialur literaturaSi, vinaidan samecniero literaturaSi cnobili iyo,
rom nisimes `cxovrebis~ qarTuli teqsti mxolod xelnawerTa saqarTve-
loSi dacul koleqciebSi dasturdeboda, aseve uordropebis qarTul
nusxaTa Soris. `nisimes cxovrebis~ teqstebis rogorc teqstologiur-
enobrivi, aseve ideuri TvalsazrisiT didi mniSvnelobis gamo aucileb-
lad CavTvaleT am Seuswavlili nusxis gadasinjva~ (asaTiani 2003: 54).
amas mosdevs garejuli krebulis qeTevan asaTianiseuli mokle
aRweriloba: `xelnawers aqvs saocrad natifi xeliT Sesrulebuli
sazedao asoebi. pagincia axali gakeTebulia da furclebi
restravrirebuli. zogan teqsti aRdgenilia. `cxovreba~ lamazi xeliTaa
naweri da SesaniSnavad ikiTxeba. adgil-adgil teqsti Camatebulia (sxva
xeliT), Sesworeba Setanili, amoSlilia aSkarad zedmeti asoebi. aqvs
minawerebi rogorc xucurad (238v), ise mxedrulad (229r, 248v, 429v).
xelnaweri gadawerilia 1160 wels daviT garejis monasterSi, rac
TavisTavad mniSvnelovani faqtia~ (asaTiani 2003: 54).
statiis ZiriTadi nawili Ven.4-Si daculi `nisimes cxovrebis~
teqstologiur, enobriv da orTografiul analizs eTmoba. am nakveTis
dasawyisSi qeTevan asaTiani xazgasmiT aRniSnavs Semdegs: `verc imas
mier arabuli gramatikuli formebis aRreviTaa gamowveuli. n. waqaZe samive
redaqciisaTvis erTi arqetipis arsebobas uSvebs, romlisaganac samive damoukideblad
ganviTarda. misive azriT, sinuri versia unda momdinareobdes siriulidan: siriulidan
jer arabulad iTargmna, arabulidan _ qarTulad, xolo Semdeg Seivso efrem asuris
Txzulebis im monakveTis TargmaniT, romelic Seicavs Txrobebs `nisimes cxovrebis~
Sesaxeb~ (asaTiani 2003: 53-54).
37 mkvlevari iqve, sqolioSi Catanili SeniSvnebiT azustebs am bolo frazas: `erTi
teqsti am xelnaweridan `qebaTa qeba~ Seuswavlia z. sarjvelaZes~ (asaTiani 2003: 54).
33

vityviT gadaWriT, nisimes `cxovrebis~ axali nusxa pirvel redaqcias
ekuTvnis, meores, mesames, Tu saerTod axali versiaa. samwuxarod, k.
kekeliZes gamokvlevaSi `nisimes cxovrebis~ teqstis Sesaxeb ara aqvs
miTiTebuli, ra principiT yofs igi mis mier Seswavlil xelnawerebs sam
redaqciad. Cven SevudareT Cveni teqsti mis mier xazgasmul gansxvavebebs
da unda aRiniSnos, rom garejuli krebulis `nisimes cxovrebasa~ da ukve
Seswavlilebs Soris aris imdenad gansxvavebuli wakiTxvebic, rom
teqstis axal, stilistur redaqciaze SeiZleba saubari~ (asaTiani 2003:
55). amis Semdeg mkvlevars sakuTari mosazrebis sailustraciod
citirebuli aqvs mTeli rigi adgilebi, erTis mxriv, X-XI saukuneebis A-
249-Si daculi `nisimes cxovrebis~ jerjerobiT uZvelesi qarTuli
nusxidan, xolo, meores mxriv, garejul krebulSi warmodgenili
teqstidan (asaTiani 2003: 55-59).
statiis daskvniT nawilSi avtori saboloo saxiT ajamebs mis mier
gamoTqmul ZiriTad mosazrebebs: `venaSi daculi garejuli krebuli
aSkarad iTvaliswinebs koreqcias. zemoTmocemuli masala gvaZlevs
saSualebas, visaubroT stilistur redaqciaze, Tumca dabejiTebiT am
etapze mainc ver vwyvetT misi redaqciuli mimarTebis sakiTxs. Cveni
xelnaweri aSkarad iTvaliswinebs X saukunis qarTul Targmans da Seaqvs
masSi stilistur-literaturuli xasiaTis koreqtivebi. teqstologiuri
Sedarebis Sedegebi gviCvenebs, rom saqme Zalian saintereso teqstTan
gvaqvs, romelmac, SesaZloa, redaqciaTa urTierTmimarTebis garkvevisaT-
vis sayuradRebo masala mogvawodos. `nisimes cxovrebis~ aq ganxilul
XII saukunis nusxas garkveuli mniSvneloba eniWeba am Txzulebis qar-
Tuli Targmanis istoriis gaTvaliswinebisas (asaTiani 2003: 59).
mkvlevris ZiriTadi daskvnebi odnav ufro kategoriuli Cans statiis
rusulenovan reziumeSi: `В статье рассматривается новый список `Жития Нисимы~,
грузинская рукопись XII в. Текстологическое сопоставление данного текста с другими
существующими списками выявляет интересные детали характеризующие этот текст как
новую редакцию, отличающую от других. Данный вариант `Жития Нисимы~ представляет
большой интерес для изучения истории грузинского перевода этого текста~ (asaTiani
2003: 59).
34

amrigad, qeTevan asaTianma sagrZnoblad gaafarTova garejuli
krebulis filologiuri kvlevis areali da specialuri Seswavlis
sagnad, zurab sarjvelaZisa da elene doCanaSvilis mier gamokvleul
`qebaÁ qebaTaÁs~ Semdeg, Ven.4-Si daculi kidev erTi teqsti, wm. nisimes
`cxovreba~ aqcia 38 .
imave 2003 wels daibeWda mdidrulad ilustrirebuli, sqeltaniani
krebulis `naTeli qristesi _ saqarTvelos~ pirveli wigni. krebulSi
sxva saintereso nakveTebTan erTad Setanilia filologos mixeil
qavTarias mier Sedgenili Tavi saxelwodebiT: `daviT garejis
samonastro-literaturuli skola~. nakveTi, rogorc es misi saTauridan
Cans, mTlianad garejuli mwignobrobis istorias eTmoba (qavTaria 2003).
mkvlevari dasaxelebuli nakveTis pirvel nawilSi qronologiuri
TanmimdevrobiT mimoixilavs garejis mravalmTaSi gadaweril an garejel
moweseebTan raime saxiT dakavSirebul xelnawerebs da sagangebod
Cerdeba Ven.4-ze: `XII saukuneSi daviT garejaSi SemoqmedebiT-
mwignobruli saqmianoba aqtiurad mimdinareobda. es SesaniSnavad Cans
xelnaweridan, romelic dRes avstriaSi, venis nacionaluri biblioTekis
sacavSi inaxeba me-4 nomriT. am metad saintereso xelnaweris anderZSi
vkiTxulobT: `saxeliTa RmrTisaÁTa, wignsa amas ewodebis sanatreli.
daiwera ÃeliTa undoÁsa Sav nikoloz nikraÁsaÁTa, sanaxebsa wmidisa
mamisa daviTisa, garejas, kedelsa, romelsa ewodebis saxelad berTaÁ.
qoronikonsa tp (1160 w.), mefobasa Zisa demetres giorgisaze, welsa
mefobisa misisasa g (3). daamyaren RmerTman mefobaÁ misi saTnod uflisa
Cuenisa iesu qristesa, romlisaÁ ars didebaÁ ukuniTi ukunisamde, amen. da
Sav nikrasa SromisaTÂs kurTxevaÁ saukunoÁ. amen. didebaÁ RmerTsa
srulmyofelsa yovelTasa, amen. meufeo, guakurTxen~. xelnawers didi gza
38 ganxiluli statiis dabeWdvidan erTi wlis Semdeg, 2004 wlis 14 noembers qeTevan
asaTianma mecnierebis fond `udabnos~ daarsebis aTi wlisTavisadmi miZRvnil
dargTaSoris samecniero konferenciaze, Cveni TxovniT, waikiTxa `nisimes cxovrebis~
Ven.4-is nusxisadmi miZRvnili kidev erTi moxseneba: `SiSvel-marTalTa da wm. nisimes
`cxovrebebis~ axal redaqciaTa Sesaxeb~. konferenciis masalebi da maT Soris,
rasakvirvelia, dasaxelebuli moxsenebac axlo momavalSi sruli saxiT gamoqveyndeba
mecnierebis fond `udabnos~ perioduli krebulis `ANALECTA IBERICA~ II tomSi. sxvaTa
Soris, am moxsenebis publikacia imiTacaa mniSvnelovani, rom aq, `nisimes cxovrebis~
gverdiT, pirvelad iqneba warmodgenili garejul krebulSi daculi apokrifuli
xasiaTis Txzulebis `SiSvel-marTalTa cxovrebis~ teqstis filologiuri kvlevis
Sedegebi.
35

gauvlia. me-16 saukuneSi igi ierusalimSi jvris monasterSi moxvedrila,
sadac igi ganuaxlebiaT: `Rirs viqmen me urbnel mTavar-episkoposi vlasi
Sekazmvad wmidisa amis wignisa `sanatrelisa~, rameTu JamTa sigrZisagan
ganryunil da uÃmar qmniliyo. da Cuen axlad brZanebiTa da jer CinebiTa
mamisa Cuenisa, tfilel mTavar-episkoposisa barnabaÁsiTa Ãel vyav
Sekazmad~. es momxdara 1570 wels~ (qavTaria 2003: 587).
amis Semdeg mixeil qavTaria ukve nikoloz nikrais mier gadaweril
meore xelnawerze _ wm. ioane sinelis `klemaqsze~ (H-1669) gadadis: `amave
nikolozs gadauweria meore xelnaweri _ H-1669 ioane sinelis Txzuleba
`klemaqsi~ _ eqvTime mTawmidelis Targmani. kodeqsis anderZSi vkiT-
xulobT. `sulsa nikraÁsasa Seundven ufalo RmerTo, amen, romelman
iSroma es wigni~. am xelnaweris mixedviT vaxtang beriZe ase axasiaTebs
gadamwers: `naweri mowmobs, rom igi didi temperamentisa da fantaziis
patroni unda yofiliyo, Tanac, maincdamainc ar daudevda sayovelTaod
miRebul wesebsa. nikraÁ TiTqos sul ver egueboda verafers mSvidsa da
statikurs... nikraÁ kaligrafi ki yofila, magram profesionali mxatvari
ara~ (qavTaria 2003: 587).
sul bolos mkvlevari xazgasmiT aRniSnavs Semdegs: `am periodidan
(igulisxmeba XII saukune _ T. j.) dResdReobiT garejaSi gadawerili
mxolod es ori xelnaweria moRweuli Cvenamdis~ (qavTaria 2003: 587) 39 .
mixeil qavTarias naSromi mniSvnelovan etaps warmoadgens garejuli
krebulis samecniero Seswavlis saqmeSi. marTlac, es aris pirveli da
jerjerobiT erTaderTi publikacia, sadac Ven.4-is gadamweris nikoloz
nikrais mxatvrul-kaligrafiuli saqmianoba ganxilulia garejis samonas-
tro skriptoriumebSi moRvawe XVII-XIX saukuneebis mxatvar-kaligrafebis
samwignobre saqmianobis gverdiT.
amave `naTeli qristesi _ saqarTvelos~ pirvel wignSi, mixeil qavTa-
rias avtorobiT Sedgenili nakveTis garda, warmodgenilia filologos
ciala qurcikiZis mier momzadebuli Tavi saxelwodebiT `qarTuli bib-
lia~. aq avtors sakmaod detalurad aqvs daxasiaTebuli sxvadasxva
39 aqve, SeniSvnis saxiT davZenT, rom mixeil qavTarias Ven.4-Tan da H-1669-sTan
dakavSirebuli mosazrebebi gamoTqmuli aqvs Cvens mier 2002 wels gamoqveynebul
statiaze dayrdnobiT: `wmida mRvdelmowame grigol feraZe da 1160 wels garejSi
gadawerili erTi ucnobi xelnaweri~ (Sdr.: jojua 2002g: 93-101).
36

qarTul xelnawerebsa Tu ZvelnabeWd wignebSi daculi bibliuri
sakiTxavebi nusxebi (qurcikiZe 2003).
nakveTSi mkvlevari sagangebod amaxvilebs yuradRebas `qebaÁ
qebaTaÁs~ teqstze da aRniSnavs, rom `XII saukunis or xelnawers A-65-s
(1188-1210 ww.) da venis nacionaluri bibioTekis #4 xelnawers (1160 w.)
daculi aqvT solomonis qeba qebaTas ori sxvadasxva Targmani. venis
xelnaweris teqsti imiTaa sayuradRebo, rom mTargmneli Txzulebas
RvTismSoblis xotbad aRiqvams da qeba qebaTas, sxva Targmanebisagan
gansxvavebiT, amgvarad asaTaurebs: `qeba qebaTaÁ, SesxmaÁ wmidisa
RmrTismSobelisaÁ brZnisa solomonisgan~ (es Targmani gamocemulicaa _
z. sarjvelaZe, `mravalTavi~, X, 1983)~ (qurcikiZe 2003: 613) 40 .
amrigad, ciala qurcikiZem `qebaÁ qebaTaÁs~ Ven.4-Si dacul nusxas
aramxolod jerovani adgili miuCina qarTuli bibliuri mwerlobis
istoriaSi, aramed specialuri miniSnebac gaakeTa am nusxis saTauris
originalur Sinaarsze.
`naTeli qristesi _ saqarTvelos~ I wignis dastambvidan erTi wlis
Semdeg, 2004 wels, gamomcemloba `naTlismcemelma~ dabeWda `saqarTvelos
eklesiis kalendari 2005 wlisaTvis~. gamocemis pirveli nakveTi TiTqmis
mTlianad saTveo kalendars uWiravs, xolo meore nakveTSi
warmodgenilia wm. grigol noselis saRmrTismetyvelo, egzegetikur da
panegirikul TxzulebaTa Zveli qarTuli Targmanebi, sul _ eqvsi teqsti.
Txzulebebi gamosacemad moamzada mkvlevarTa jgufma TinaTin doliZis,
nino efremiZis, malxaz kobiaSvilis, eqvTime koWlamazaSvilis, gaxu
megrelauris, kaxa oRaZis, ana RambaSiZisa da medea Samugias
SemadgenlobiT. gamocemis saerTo redaqcia eqvTime koWlamazaSvils
ekuTvnis (wmida grigoli noseli 2004).
wm. grigol noselis dabeWdil TxzulebaTa Soris erT-erTia
egzetikuri xasiaTis `TargmanebaÁ momiÃsenisaÁ~ (wmida grigoli noseli
2004: 198-285). misi kritikuli teqstis dadgenisaTvis gamoyenebulia oTxi
qarTuli xelnaweri: A _ Ath.49, B _ A-55 (XI-XII ss.) (xelnawerTa aRweri-
40 aRniSnul detalze yuradReba gamaxvilebuli gvqonda Cvenc, odnav ufro adre, 2002
wels gamoqveynebul statiaSi: `wmida mRvdelmowame grigol feraZe da 1160 wels
garejSi gadawerili erTi ucnobi xelnaweri~ (jojua 2002g: 132).
37

loba (A) 1973, 150), C _ A-108 (XII s.) (xelnawerTa aRweriloba (A) 1976, 30),
dabolos, D _ W4 anu CvenTvis saintereso 1160 wlis garejuli krebuli
(wmida grigoli noseli 2004: 145).
sxvaTa Soris, am ukanasknelze sagangebod Cerdebian gamomcemlebi da
sqolioSi Catanili SeniSvnis daxmarebiT, ramdenime aucilebel
ganmartebas aZleven mkiTxvels: `W4-iT aRvniSnavT venis nacionaluri
biblioTekis qarTul xelnawers #4. `momiÃsenenis~ Targmanebis Semcveli
es krebuli grigol noselis TxzulebaTa arc erT bibliografiaSi
dRemde moxseniebuli ar yofila. mis Sesaxeb informacia mogvawoda
qeTevan asaTianma~ (wmida grigoli noseli 2004: 145).
amave gamomcemelTa TqmiT, `momiÃsenenis~ Targmanebis teqstze
muSaobdnen: gaxu megrelauri (I-IV Tavebi), ana RambaSiZe (V T.) nino
efremiZe (VI T.), kaxa oRaZe (VII T.) da medea Samugia (VIII T.). maT teqsti
gadmoweres B xelnaweridan (igulisxmeba A-55 _ T. j.). ACD variantebi
(igulisxmeba Ath.49, A-108 da Ven.4 _ T. j.) daurTo eqvTime
koWlamazaSvilma~ (wmida grigoli noseli 2004: 146).
amrigad, irkveva, rom gamomcemlebs, ufro zustad ki _ gaxu
megrelaurs, ana RambaSiZes, nino efremiZes, kaxa oRaZesa da medea
Samugias `TargmanebaÁ momiÃsenisaÁs~ sruli teqsti A-55-dan
gadmouweriaT. rac Seexeba danarCen sam nusxas, maT Soris, garejul
krebulSi dacul teqsts, isini eqvTime koWlamazaSvils variantebis
saxiT Seuwyvia A-55-dan gadmowerili ZiriTadi teqstisaTvis.
anu sxvagvarad rom vTqvaT, `TargmanebaÁ momiÃsenisaÁs~ Ven.4-Si
warmodgenil nusxaze, zemoT CamoTvlili mkvlevrebidan, uSualod
mxolod cnobil liturgistsa da filologoss eqvTime koWlamazaSvils
umuSavia da am nusxaSi dadasturebuli mravalricxovani variantuli
kiTxva-sxvaobebic swored mas daurTavs gamocemaSi ZiriTad nusxad
aRebuli A-55-is teqstisaTvis (wmida grigoli noseli 2004: 198-285).
rogorc vxedavT, eqvTime koWlamazaSvilma, masTan erTad ki
mkvlevarTa mTelma jgufma gaxu megrelauris, ana RambaSiZis, nino
efremiZis, kaxa oRaZisa da medea Samugias monawileobiT kidev ufro
gaafarTova Ven.4-is filologiuri kvlevis areali, sagangebod
38

dainteresda aq daculi egzetikuri TxzulebiT `TargmanebaÁ
momiÃxenisaÁ~ da es ukanaskneli, sam sxva nusxasTan erTad warmatebiT
gamoiyena dasaxelebuli Txzulebis kritikuli teqstis dadgenisa da
gamocemisaTvis.
wm. grigol noselis saRmrTismetyvelo, egzegetikur da panegirikul
TxzulebaTa Zveli qarTuli Targmanebis gamoqveynebidan arcTu didi
xnis Semdeg, 2008 wels TbilisSi daibeWda I tomi krebulisa `SoTa
rusTavelis saxelobis stipendiantTa Sromebi~. krebulSi sxva
saintereso masalasTan erTad, Setanilia filologos vaxtang
imnaiSvilis qarTul da inglisur enebze Sedgenili werili `uZvelesi
qarTuli xelnawerebi ucxoeTis wignTsacavebSi~ (imnaiSvili 2008).
vaxtang imnaiSvilis dasaxelebuli naSromi Sedgeba Sesavali
teqstisa da sami nakveTisagan: 1. `gracis universitetis qarTuli
xelnawerebi~; 2. `venis nacionaluri biblioTekis qarTuli xelnawerebi~
da 3. `britaneTis muzeumis #11281 qarTuli xelnaweri~ (imnaiSvili 2008).
gansaxilavi statiis meore nakveTis dasawyisSi avtori mokled
mogviTxrobs venis nacionalur biblioTekaSi daculi qarTuli
xelnawerebisa da maT Soris, garejuli krebulis biblioTekaSi
moxvedris istorias: `#1 xelnaweri 1873 wlis 8 maiss iyides 25 guldenad
antikvar goldSmidtisagan, ##2-3-4 xelnawerebi (#4 xelnawerSi
igulisxmeba garejuli krebuli _ T. j.) profesorma turkerma SeiZina
biblioTekisaTvis ucnobi antikvarisagan 1931 wlis 3 ianvars
aleqsandriaSi, dabolos, 1938 wlis 15 ivliss biblioTekam venaSi n.
kronegerisagan iyida #5 xelnaweri _ saxareba~ (imnaiSvili 2008: 10).
statiis meore nakveTis momdevno nawilSi vaxtang imnaiSvili rigri-
gobiT warmogvidgens venis nacionaluri biblioTekis qarTul xelnawe-
rebs da ramdenime winadadebiT axasiaTebs garejul krebulsac. mkvlev-
ris TqmiT: `#4 xelnaweri mravalTavis msgavsi krebulia, igi gadaweri-
lia 1160 wels kedvaSi, daviTgarejis maxloblad, nikolaoz nikras mier,
akinZulia 1570 wels mTavarepiskopos vlasas mier. xelnaweri 300 fur-
cels Seicavs, Tumca bolo gverds 306 aweria. naweria qaRaldze, asoebi
nusxuria. berZnuli minaweri 303-e furcelze gvauwyebs, rom es xelnaweri
ekuTvnoda mTavardiakon kleopas, SemdgomSi nazareTis mTavarepis-
39

kopososis, pirad biblioTekas. g. feraZis fiqriT, mTavrepiskoposis
sikvdilis Semdeg romeliRac antikvars mihyides aleqsandriaSi, sadac
1931 wels venis biblioTekisaTvis SeiZines~ (imnaiSvili 2008: 10-11).
rogorc vxedavT, vaxtang imnaiSvili Tavis 2008 wlis statiaSi or
adgilas Seexo Ven.4-Tan dakavSirebul sakiTxebs. aqedan, pirvel
SemTxvevaSi, mkvlevarma mokled gagvacno garejuli krebulis venis
nacionalur biblioTekaSi moxvedris detalebi, xolo naSromis meore
adgilas SedarebiT ufro vrclad Seexo Ven.4-is kodikologiasTan
dakavSirebul sakiTxebs.
aqve SevniSnavT imasac, rom vaxtang imnaiSvilis statiis is nawili,
sadac moTxrobilia garejuli krebulis venis nacionalur biblioTekaSi
moxvedris peripetiebi, TiTqmis sityvasityviT imeorebs mkvlevris mier 2001
da 2004 wlebSi gamocemuli wignebis Sesabamis adgilebs da amitom raime
samecniero siaxles ar Seicavs (Sdr.: imnaiSvili 2001; imnaiSvili 2004).
rac Seexeba garejuli krebulis aRwerilobas, aq avtors motanili
aqvs Ven.4-is mokle kodikologiuri daxasiaTeba, romelic, Tavis mxriv,
mTlianad amokrefilia grigol feraZis mier 1940 wels gamoqveynebuli
germanulenovani statiidan: `Über die georgischen Handschriften in Österreich~ (Sdr.:
feraZe 1940: 220-222, 226-232; feraZe 2004: 160-161, 164-170, 172-173, 176-181).
Sesabamisad, raime samecniero siaxles statiis arc es nawili ar Seicavs.
miuxedavad zemoTqmulisa, vaxtang imnaiSvilis mier 2008 wels gamoq-
veynebuli werili mainc win gadadgmuli nabijia Ven.4-is samecniero Ses-
wavlis saqmeSi. marTlac, am publikaciis daxmarebiT, gacilebiT ufro
meti qarTveli da ucxoenovani mkvlevari gaecnoba venis nacionalur bib-
lioTekaSi dacul garejul krebulsa da mis saintereso Tavgadasavals.
2008 wels, vaxtang imnaiSvilis ganxiluli statiis Tanadroulad,
istorikosma darejan kldiaSvilma gamoqveyna pirveli nakveTi wignisa
`qarTuli samonastro sulTa matianeebi~. naSromSi saTanado gamokvle-
vasTan erTad, warmodgenilia sinas mTis wm. ekaterines monastris qar-
TvelTa eklesiis sulTa matianis teqsti (kldiaSvili 2008).
dasaxelebul publikaciaSi avtorma yuradReba gaamaxvila sulTa
matianeSi mogvianebiT, XV saukunis II naxevarSi, Setanili mosaxseneb-
lebis fenaze da sagangebod Seexo aq warmodgenil xuntusZeTa ojaxis
40

wevrebs. mkvlevris TqmiT, sinas mTis sulTa matianeSi Setanil
xuntusZeTa saojaxo mosaxseneblebSi `ixseniebian ioane-yofili ioseb
xuntusZe, gognia xintusZe da misi Tanamecxedre mzeqali. am pirebis
Sesaxeb cnobebs vxvdebiT ierusalimur xelnawerTa minawerebSi, sadac
ioane xuntusZe xelnaweris Semkazmavad ixsenieba da ierusalimSi moRvawe
sasuliero piri Cans. ierusalimis berZnuli sapatriarqos qarTuli
koleqciis XIII-XIV saukuneebiT daTariRebuli Jer. Georg. 6 xelnaweris
anderZidan irkveva, rom igi Seukazmavs ioane xuntusZes, romelic
mogvianebiT iosebis saxeliT berad aRkvecila ierusalimis aRdgomis
eklesiaSi. amis Taobaze vigebT mravalTavis tipis krebulis
`sanatrelis~ (Ven. Georg. 4) mosaxseneblidan, agreTve maqsime aRmsarebelis
RmrTismSoblis cxovrebis (A-40) anderZ-minaweridan, sadac igi aseve
aRdgomelad iwodeba da wignis mkazmavadaa dasaxelebuli. amave
anderZidan cnobili xdebian aRdgomel ioseb xuntusZis ojaxis wevrebi,
misi mSoblebi _ gognia, misi Tanamecxedre mzeqali da maTi Zeebi
xuxubiaÁ da lalaÁ, [asuli] n(a)Teli (A-40, 01r). aRsaniSnavia, rom am
xelnaweris gviandel momgeblad (SesaZloa iosebis Tanamedroved) Cans
vinme germanoz elmeliqisZe (A--40, 333r). es germanoz elmeliqisZe
SesaZloa iyo STamomavali im svimon elmeliqisZisa, romelic jvris
mamad unda yofiliyo XIV saukunis pirvel meoTxedSi...
sinas sulTa matianeSi Setanili xuntusZeTa saojaxo mosaxseneblebi
XV saukunis meore naxevriT TariRdeba, savaraudod, isini matianis
teqstSi sinas wm. ekaterines monasterSi yofnis dros aRdgomeli ioane-
yofili ioseb xuntusZis mier Tavad unda iyos Setanili~ (kldiaSvili
2008: 11-12).
rogorc vxedavT, darejan kldiaSvilma garejuli krebulis erT-
erTi minaweris teqsti, romlis Taobazec qvemoT gveqneba saubari,
warmatebiT gamoiyena ierusalimis aRdgomis taZarSi moRvawe erT-erTi
qarTuli sasuliero piris ioane-yofili ioseb xuntusZis biografiuli
detalebis dasadgenad.
marTalia, avtori ar icnobs Cvens mier 2002 wels gamoqveynebul
erT-erT statias, sadac SeZlebisdagvarad srulad gvaqvs aRdgenuli
ioseb xuntusZis biografiuli portreti (jojua 2002g: 102, 128-129), magram
41

aRniSnuli faqti, arsebiTad, ar cvlis suraTs. darejan kldiaSvilis
wigni miekuTvneba im iSviaT publikaciaTa ricxvs, sadac raime sakiTxis
Sesaswavlad sxva saistorio masalis gverdiT, Ven.4-is minawerebic aris
gamoyenebuli.
sul bolos, yovelive zemoTqmulis Semdeg, vfiqrobT, aucileblad
unda davaxasiToT uSualod Cvens mier Sesrulebuli samecniero-
kvleviTi samuSaoebic. garejuli krebulisa da misi anderZ-minawerebis
Seswavlas 1990-iani wlebis meore naxevridan SevudeqiT. Cveni imJamindeli
kvleva mTlianad Ven.4-is Sav-TeTr fotopirze iyo damyarebuli. aRniS-
nul etapze Sesrulebuli samecniero kvleva-Ziebis ZiriTadi Sedegebi
sami statiis saxiT gamovaqveyneT 2001-2002 wlebSi. es publikaciebia: 1.
`saqarTvelos mefis giorgi III-is aRsaydrebis TariRi 1160 wels gada-
werili xelnaweris (Ven.4-is) anderZis mixedviT~ (jojua 2001; jojua
2002b); 2. `wmida mRvdelmowame grigol feraZe da 1160 wels garejSi
gadawerili erTi ucnobi xelnaweri~ (jojua 2002g) da 3. `XII saukunis
garejuli krebulis (Ven.4-is) erTi minaweri da afxazeTis ucnobi
kaTolikosi barTlome (daaxl. 1488-1519 ww.)~ (jojua 2002a).
Ven.4-isa da misi kolofonebis Seswavlis TvalsazrisiT, CvenTvis
gansakuTrebulad warmatebuli gamodga 2002 wlis Semodgoma da 2003
wlis zafxuli. am periodSi SesaZlebloba mogveca, saerTaSoriso
organizacia INTAS-is mier axalgazrda doqtorantebisaTvis gacemuli
individualuri stipendiis daxmrebiT, ramdenime Tvis ganmavlobaSi
samecniero mivlinebiT gvemuSava avstriaSi da adgilze Segveswavla
garejuli krebuli. daaxloebiT amave periodSi saqarTvelos mecnierebTa
akademiisagan miviReT orwliani samecniero granti, romlis farglebSic
vimuSaveT Temaze: `XII saukunis ori ucnobi garejuli xelnaweri da maTi
anderZ-minawerebi~.
aRniSnul etapze Sesrulebuli samecniero kvleva-Ziebis ZiriTadi
Sedegebi Sejamebuli gvaqvs 2003 wels gamoqveynebul kidev sam statiaSi.
CamovTvliT am publikaciebs: 1. `XII saukunis garejeli kaligrafi
nikoloz nikraÁ da mis mier gadawerili ori xelnaweri (Ven.4 da H-1669)~
(jojua 2003a); 2. `XII saukunis garejul krebulSi (Ven.4-Si) daculi erTi
dogmatikur-polemikuri traqtatis Sesaxeb (`wvalebisa winamZRuarTa
42

SeCuenebaÁ~)~ (jojua 2003b) da 3. `moqvis ucnobi episkoposi luka oZrxeli
(1360-iani ww.) da misi xuTi minaweri XII saukunis garejuli krebulis
(Ven.4-is) aSiebidan~ (jojua 2003g).
winare periodisagan gansxvavebiT, CvenTvis ukiduresad warumatebeli
aRmoCnda 2003 wlis Semodgoma. am wlis oqtombris TveSi saqarTvelos
parlamentis ilia WavWavaZis saxelobis erovnuli biblioTekis qarTve-
lologiis ganyofilebis samkiTxvelo darbazidan, yovlad gaurkvevel
viTarebaSi daikarga Cveni saqaRalde, sadac daculi iyo, praqtikulad,
mTeli is masala, rac ki 1997-2003 wlebSi Ven.4-Tan dakavSirebiT gvqonda
Tavmoyrili.
ufro konkretulad, saqaRaldesTan erTad daikarga: 1. garejuli
krebulis uklebliv yvela kolofonis teqnikuri aRweriloba, am
teqstebis gadmonawerebi dednis Sriftis dacviT da maTi Cveneuli
wakiTxvebi (Savi varianti, Sesrulebuli xelnaweris originalze
dayrdnobiT, venaSi yofnis Jams); 2. Ven.4-is anderZ-minawerebis sruli
korpusi, aRWurvili Sesabamisi aparatiT da gamzadebuli gamosacemad
(TeTri varianti, garedaqtirebuli avstriaSi yofnis dros da
gasrulebuli saqarTveloSi dabrunebis Semdeg); 3. garejul krebulsa da
mis kolofonebTan dakavSirebiT wlebis manZilze nagrovebi
mravalferovani masala: venaSi warmoebuli samuSao dRiurebi, TbilisSi
nakeTebi samecniero-kvleviTi xasiaTis Canawerebi, sxvadasxva saxis
baraTebi da sxv. (upiratesad, Savi variantebi).
sabednierod, dakargvas gadaurCa Ven.4-is dednidan gadmowerili
Txzuleba `moTxrobaÁ sul mcire vasiloRrafisgan, ricxÂsaTÂs
dasabamiTgan gardasrulTa welTaÁsa~, romlis samecniero-teqnikuri
aparatiT aRWurvili da gamosacemad momzadebuli teqsti erT-erT
kompiuterul centrSi asakrefad gvqonda datovebuli.
saqaRaldis dakargvis faqtma uaRresad negatiuri gavlena moaxdina
Ven.4-isa da misi anderZ-minawerebis Semdgomi Seswavlis saqmeze. jer
erTi, TiTqmis mTlianad wyalSi Cagveyara wlebis manZilze gaweuli
uzarmazari Sroma da iZulebuli gavxdiT Tavidan mivbrunebodiT im
samecniero-kvleviT samuSaoebs, romlebic manamde erTxel ukve gvqonda
Sesrulebuli. garda amisa, absoluturad naTlad gamoCnda isic, rom
43

xelmeored wamowyebuli kvleva-Ziebis warmatebiT damTavrebis
SemTxvevaSic ki, Cvens mier miRebuli samecniero Sedegebi tolfardad
ver Secvlida dakarguls. marTlac, es ukanaskneli, ZiriTadad, garejuli
krebulis originalze muSaobis produqts warmoadgenda, xelmeored
wamowyebuli kvleva-Ziebis procesSi ki mTlianad xelnaweris Sav-TeTr
fotopirs unda davyrdnobodiT.
miuxedavad yovelive zemoTqmulisa, Cven kvlav davubrundiT Ven.4-is
samecniero Seswavlis saqmes da 2004-2008 wlebSi kidev sami axali statia
gamovaqveyneT. es statiebia: 1. `ramdenime axali cnoba moqveli
episkoposis luka oZrxelis (1360-iani ww.) biografiisaTvis~ (jojua 2004);
2. `artanujeli piligrimis giorgi lomas-Zis savedrebeli (XV s.)
ierusalimSi gadatanili 1160 wlis garejuli krebulis (Ven.4-is)
aSiebidan~ (jojua 2006) da 3. `gelaTeli monazonis _ levan IV dadianis
colyofilis nino bagrationisa da monazon febronia xevariZis
savedreblebi (XVIII s-is I nax.) ierusalimSi gadatanili erTi garejuli
xelnaweris (Ven.4-is) aSiebidan~ (jojua 2008).
garda amisa, amave 2004-2008 wlebSi, ufro zustad ki, 2004 wels
gamovaqveyneT grigol feraZis erT-erTi germanulenovani statiis
qarTuli Targmani _ `qarTuli xelnawerebis Sesaxeb avstriaSi~.
aRniSnul naSromSi mama grigols warmodgenili hqonda venis
nacionaluri biblioTekis qarTuli xelnawerebisa da maT Soris, 1160
wlis garejuli krebulis sakmaod vrceli aRweriloba. statia
germanulidan Targmna xelovnebaTmcodne cisia kilaZem, Targmanis
redaqtoroba dimitri TumaniSvilma itvirTa, xolo komentarebi Cven
davurTeT publikacias (feraZe 2004).
amJamad, winamdebare sadisertacio naSromis farglebSi, samecniero
sazogadoebas Tamoyrili saxiT vTavazobT Cvens mier 1997-2008 wlebSi
Sesrulebuli samecniero-kvleviTi samuSaoebis ZiriTad Sedegebs.
44

$2. garejuli krebulis (Ven.4)
aRweriloba da misi kodikologiuri analizi 41
Ven.4 sxvadasxva Janris Tormeti sakiTxavisagan Sedgenil mozrdil
krebuls warmoadgens. xelnawers aqvs Tavisi kerZo, sakuTari saxel-
wodeba _ `sanatreli~, rac Zalzed iSviaTi movlenaa qarTuli mwignob-
robis istoriaSi. xelnaweris saxelwodebaze pirdapir migviTiTebs Ven.4-
is gadamweris mier garejuli krebulis 304v-ze Sesrulebuli anderZis
teqsti: `saxeliTa RmrTisaÁTa, wignsa amas ewodebis `sanatreli~ (feraZe
2004: 164).
Ven.4 `sanatrelis~ saxeliT aris moxseniebuli moqveli episkoposis
luka oZrxelis mier garejuli krebulis 3r-ze dawerili 1363 wlis
bolonakluli kolofonis teqstSic: `wigni ese `sanatreli~ xel...~.
(jojua 2003g: 34).
garda amisa, xelnaweri `sanatrelad~ iwodeba Ven.4-is erT-erTi
mkazmvel-ganmaaxleblis, urbneli mTavarepiskoposis vlase saakasZis mier
garejuli krebulis 305r-ze Sesrulebuli 1570 wlis vrceli minaweris
teqstSi: `Rirs viqmen me, urbnel mTavarebiskoposi vlasi, Sekazmad
wmidisa amis wignisa `sanatrelisa~ (feraZe 2004: 164).
Ven.4 qaRaldis xelnaweria da samas eqvs furcels (1r-306v) Seicavs.
TiToeuli furclis zoma, daaxloebiT, 31 X 25 santimetria. xelnaweris
qaRaldi sakmaod araerTgvarovania.
garejuli krebulis dasawyisSi warmodgenilia paginaciis gareSe
datovebuli e. w. sacavi furceli, romelsac, pirobiTad, 1rv-Ti
aRvniSnavT. furceli Ria TeTri feris, sqeli, uWvirniSno qaRaldisagan
aris gamoWrili da xelnawerSi, savaraudod, venis nacionaluri
biblioTekis TanamSromlebis mier, garejuli krebulis bolo
restavraciis dros anu 1930-ian wlebSia CakinZuli (feraZe 2004: 165).
41 winamdebare paragrafSi ganxiluli sakiTxebisa da miRebuli daskvnebis ZiriTadi
nawili Setanili gvaqvs 2002-2003 wlebSi dabeWdil sam statiaSi: 1. `wmida
mRvdelmowame grigol feraZe da 1160 wels garejSi gadawerili erTi ucnobi
xelnaweri~ (jojua 2002g); 2. `XII saukunis garejeli kaligrafi nikoloz nikraÁ da mis
mier gadawerili ori xelnaweri (Ven.4 da H-1669)~ (jojua 2003a) da 3. grigol feraZe.
`qarTuli xelnawerebis Sesaxeb avstriaSi~ (feraZe 2004).
45

Ven.4-is momdevno, agreTve paginaciis gareSe datovebuli furceli,
romelsac Cven, pirobiTad, 2rv-Ti aRvniSnavT, sakmaod gansxvavebuli saxis
qaRaldisagan aris damzadebuli. igi, sacavi furclis msgavsad, Ria TeTr
fers atarebs, Tumca, misgan gansxvavebiT, TvalSisacemad ufro Txelia.
WvirniSani arc am qaRaldze gvxvdeba. vinaidan 2rv-ze Sesrulebuli
ramdenime kolofonidan yvelaze ufro adreuli periodis teqsti _
mRvdelmonazon ioane munjis vrceli minaweri 1772 wliT TariRdeba
(jojua 2002g: 109-110), am furclis Ven.4-Si CarTvis droc, Sesabamisad,
1772 wlamde periodiT unda ganisazRvros.
xelnaweris momdevno samas ori furceli anu praqtikulad, mTeli
Ven.4 dawerilia SesamCnevad moyviTalo feris, kargad damuSavebuli
zedapiris mqone, sqel, maRalxarisxian qaRaldze. es ukanaskneli, masze
dawerili teqstis mixedviT, rasakvirvelia, garejuli krebulis
gadaweris Tanadroulia. qaRalds aranairi WvirniSani ar aqvs. misgan
gamoWrili TiToeuli furclis recto-verso-ze, Zveli qarTuli samwignobre
wesis Sesabamisad, amokawvris wesiT gavlebulia erTimeoris parale-
lurad ganlagebuli horizontaluri da vertikaluri xazebi. rogorc
cnobilia, furclis zedapiris amgvarad daxazvis tradicia teqstis
simetriulad daweris mizniT iyo SemoRebuli.
Ven.4-is rigiT samas mexuTe furceli (305rv) TeTri feris sakmaod
Txeli qaRaldisagan aris damzadebuli. dReisaTvis am furclis reqto-
verso-ze garkveviT ikiTxeba ramdenime kolofonis teqsti. maTgan, yvelaze
ufro adreul periods ganekuTvneba garejuli krebulis ganmaaxleblis
vlase urbnelis erTxel ukve naxsenebi 1570 wlis vrceli minaweri,
romelsac TiTqmis mTlianad uWiravs 305r-s zeda naxevari da am gverdis
Sua nawili (feraZe 2004: 164-165). minaweris qronologia da misTvis
SerCeuli aSkarad aqcentirebuli adgili, savaraudod, imaze migvaniSnebs,
rom 305rv Ven.4-is SedgenilobaSi swored am kolofonis daweris mizniT
iyo CarTuli. Sesabamisad, cxadi xdeba isic, rom xsenebuli furceli
xelnawerSi CakinZuli iyo 1570 wels, uSualod vlase urbnelis mier.
xelnawers asrulebs rigiT samas meeqvse, e. w. sacavi furceli (306rv),
romelic, Ven.4-is dasawyisSi warmodgenili kidev erTi sacavi furclis
46

(1rv) msgavsad (ix.: zemoT), agreTve sqeli TeTri qaRaldisagan aris
gamoWrili da garejul krebulSi venis nacionaluri biblioTekis
TanamSromlebis mier, 1930-ian wlebSia CakinZuli (feraZe 2004: 165).
Ven.4-s ormagi paginacia aqvs. pirveli _ rveulebrivi, meore ki _
furclobrivi. pirveli, rveulebrivi paginacia xelnaweris gadamweris
xeliT aris Sesrulebuli, garejuli krebulis Sedgenis Tanadroulia
da tradiciuli xasiaTi aqvs. kerZod, kaligrafi garejuli krebulis
pirveli furclis recto-ze, zeda marjvena kuTxeSi svams ricxvi 1-is
aRmniSvnel asomTavrul grafema a (a)-s da amiT aRniSnavs pirveli
rveulis dasawyiss. momdevno Svidi furclis Semdeg, ufro zustad ki
Ven.4-is merve furclis verso-ze, qveda marcxena kuTxeSi igi kidev erTxel
svams imave grafema a (a)-s da amgvarad gvamcnobs, rom pirveli rveuli
anu rva furceli ukve dasrulda. amis Semdeg gadamweri momdevno,
xelnaweris rigiT mecxre furclis recto-ze gadadis da iq, zeda marjvena
kuTxeSi svams ricxvi 2-is aRmniSvnel asomTavrul grafema b (b)-s, rac
imis mauwyebelia, rom meore rveuli daiwyo. amas mosdevs mis mier imave
grafema b (b)-s dasma xelnaweris rigiT meTeqvsmete furclis verso-ze,
niSnad meore rveulis dasrulebisa da a. S.
aqve davZenT, rom garejuli krebulis gadamwers es asomTavruli
grafemebi, danarCeni teqstisagan gamoyofis mizniT, oTxive mxridan
dasmuli ganivi xazebiT, dekoratiuli wertilebiTa da mZimeebiT aqvs
gamSvenebuli. dReisaTvis am asomTavruli grafemebis mxolod erTi
nawiliRa ganirCeva SeuiaraRebeli TvaliT, maTi meore nawili
gadasulia, mesame nawili ki mogviano drois sarestavracio qaRaldis
qveS aris moxvedrili.
Ven.4-is meore, arabuli cifrebiT gakeTebuli paginacia, romelic
furclobrivad aRnusxavs mTels xelnawers, gacilebiT ufro martiv
princips efuZneba. mis avtors (an avtorebs) garejuli krebulis pirveli
furclis recto-ze, zeda marjvena kuTxeSi dasmuli aqvs cifri 1, meore
furclis Sesabamis adgilas _ cifri 2, mesame furcelze _ cifri 3 da a.
S. vidre xelnaweris bolomde. amasTan, sagulisxmoa, rom arabuli
paginacia gakeTebuli aqvs Ven.4-is sul bolo furcels anu 306rv-sac ki,
romelic, garejul krebulSi 1930-ian wlebSi, venis nacionaluri
47

iblioTekis TanamSromlebis mier aris CakinZuli (feraZe 2004: 165).
Sesabamisad, cxadi xdeba isic, rom xelnaweris arabuli paginaciis
avtorebi venis nacionaluri biblioTekis TanamSromlebi arian da am
samwignobre operaciasac 1930-ian wlebSi asruleben. amJamad garejuli
krebulis paginaciisaTvis gamoyenebuli TiTqmis yvela arabuli cifri
garkveviT ikiTxeba.
garejul krebuls darTuli aqvs xelnaweris 2r-ze Sesrulebuli
`zanduki~, romelic, paleografiuli niSnebis mixedviT, ara XII saukunes,
aramed gacilebiT ufro mogviano periods miekuTvneba.
dReisaTvis Ven.4-is `zandukis~ teqsti xuTgzis aris gamoqveynebuli:
pirvelad _ 1889 wels, aristo quTaTeliZis mier, mcired Semoklebuli
saxiT (quTaTelaZe 1889); meored _ 1894 wels, aleqsandre cagarelis mier,
sruli saxiT (cagareli 1894: 44-52); mesamed _ 1940 wels, grigol feraZis
mier, germanuli Targmanis saxiT (feraZe 1940: 228); meoTxed _ 2002 wels,
Cvens mier, danawevrebuli saxiT (jojua 2002g: 106); xolo mexuTed _ 2004
wels, isev Cvens mier, oRond amjerad ukve sruli saxiT (feraZe 2004: 166).
winamdebare naSromSi kidev erTxel mogvyavs garejuli krebulis
`zandukis~ teqsti:
`zanduki ama wignisa.
a (1). SemoslvisaT(Â)s m{a}rxvaTasa, Tqm(u)li anastasi monazonisa.
b (2). T{a}rgm(a)n(e)b(a)Á momixs{e}neTa, Tqm(u)li gr(i)g(o)li noselisa.
g (3). aRdg{o}masa S(emdgoma)d amboris y(o)fisa, Tqm(u)li w(mid)isa
i(oan)e oqropirisa.
d (4). sakiTxavi am(a)Rl(e)bisa.
e (5). kiTxva-migeb(a)ni w(mid)isa basilisa da grigolisi.
v (6). cx(o)r(e)b(a)Á SiSvel-m(a)rT(a)lTa.
z (7). s(a)kiTx(a)vi w(mid)isa nisimasi.
À (8). SeCuÀneb(a)Á mwv(a)l(e)b(e)lTa{Á}.
T (9). q(e)b(a)Á q(e)b(a)ÁTa, iambikonad Tqm(u)li.
i (10). s(a)kiTx{a}vi S(o)bisa R(mrTisa)Á C(ue)nisa i(es)Â q(riste)si,
dekenbersa ke (25).
ia (11). s(a)kiTx(a)vi dionisios ariopagelisa.
ib (12). aRricxva welTa adamisiTg(a)nTa~ (feraZe 2004: 166).
48

`zandukSi~ CamoTvlili Txzulebebi garejuli krebulis teqstSi
sakmaod gansxvavebuli saxiT aqvs dasaTaurebuli nikoloz nikrais. mog-
vaqvs Tormetive sakiTxavis nikraiseuli saxeldebani da iqve vuTiTebT
Ven.4-is im gverdebs, sadac iwyeba da mTavrdeba TiToeuli es Txzuleba:
1. 3v-41r. `Tqumuli ana|stasi monazoni|sa, sinelis(a)Á, Se|moslvisaTÂs
ma|rxvaTaÁsa da | meequsisaTÂs | fs(almu)nisa~ (feraZe 2004: 166).
2. 41v-177v. `Targm{a}neb(a)Á momiÃ|senisaÁ, Tqum(u)li | w(mid)isa
g(ri)g(o)li n(o)s(e)lis(a)Á~ (feraZe 2004: 166).
3. 178r-180r. `aRvsebasa S(emdgoma)d am|boris yofisa. e|se sakiT|xavi ersa
z{ed}a ik|iTxevebis, Tqu|muli w(mid)isa m(a)misa C(ue)nisa i(oa)ne
oqro|pirisaÁ~ (feraZe 2004: 166).
4. 180v-186v. `w(mida)Ta S(ori)s m(a)misa C(ue)nisa | i(oa)ne oqropirisa, |
kostantinepo|lel mTavare|piskoposisaÁ, | sity(ua)Á amaRlebi|saTÂs
o(Âfl)isa C(ue)ni|sa i(es)Â q(ristes)a~ (feraZe 2004: 166).
5. 187v-208r. `sityÂs-geb(a)Á kiTxva-|migebiTi didisa | basilisi da
g(ri)g(o)li | R(mrT)ismetyuelisaÁ~ (feraZe 2004: 167).
6. 208v-224r. `SromaÁ da cx(o)r(e)b(a)Á sana|trelTa m(a)T SiSu|el-
marTalTaÁ | da w(mid)isa m(a)misa zo|simesi~ (feraZe 2004: 167).
7. 224v-234v. `cx(o)r(e)b(a)Á da moq(a)l(a)qob(a)Á w(mid)isa | nisimesi,
r(ome)li iy|o asuli mefi|sa egÂbtisaÁ | da iqmna m(a)masaxl|is udabnos
mZ|uvarTa z(ed)a, ri|cxÂT oTxasTa~ 42 (feraZe 2004: 167).
235r-249r. `moTxrob(a)Á w(mida)Ta | m(a)m(a)Ta mZuvarT|aT(Â)s, ricxÂT
oT|xasTa~.
8. 249v-254v. `wvalebisa winam|ZRuarTa SeCu|eneb(a)Á~ (feraZe 2004: 167).
9. 255r-266r. `qeb(a)Á qeba|TaÁ, SesxmaÁ | w(mid)isa R(mrT)ismS[o]be|lisaÁ
brZnisa | solomonisg(a)n~ (feraZe 2004: 167).
10. 266v-292r. `uwyebaTag(a)n | p(irue)lTa gamowu|lilviT Sekreb|uli
net(a)risa i(oa)ne|sg(a)n xucisa da mo|nazonisa damaske|lisa, sakiTxavi
SobisaTÂs o(Âfl)isa | C(ue)nisa i(es)Â q(ristes)a~ (feraZe 2004: 167).
42 #7 Txzuleba ori, praqtikulad, damoukidebeli sakiTxavisagan Sedgeba da amitom aq
orive sakiTxavis saTauri mogvaqvs.
49

11. 292v-303r. `cx(o)reb(a)Á w(midi)sa dionosios | episkoposisa, r(omel)i
| iyo Ze sokratisi | da mTavari aTene|{l}TaÁ, r(ome)lsa ewoda | q(a)l(a)qi
brZenTaÁ. mo|TxrobaÁ j(ua)rcumi|saTÂs o(Âfl)isa C(ue)nisa | i(es)Â
q(riste)sa~ (feraZe 2004: 167).
12. 303v-304r. `moTxrob(a)Á s(u)l mcire vasiloRrafisg(a)n, ricxÂsaTÂs
dasabamiTg(a)n gardasrulTa welTaÁsa~ (feraZe 2004: 177).
rogorc vxedavT, garejul krebulSi Tavmoyrilia sxvadasxva Janris
Tormeti Txzulebis teqsti. aqedan, oTxi Txzuleba homiletikuri xasi-
aTis Zeglebs warmoadgens. es teqstebia: #1. `Tqumuli anastasi mona-
zonisa sinelisaÁ SemoslvisaTÂs marxvaTaÁsa da meequsisaTÂs fsalmu-
nisa~ 43 ; #3. `aRvsebasa Semdgomad amboris yofisa. ese sakiTxavi ersa zeda
ikiTxevebis, Tqumuli wmidisa mamisa Cuenisa ioane oqropirisaÁ~ 44 ; #4.
`wmidaTa Soris mamisa Cuenisa ioane oqropirisa, kostantinepolel mTa-
varepiskoposisaÁ, sityuaÁ amaRlebisaTÂs oÂflisa Cuenisa ies qriste-
sa~ 45 da #10. `uwyebaTagan piruelTa gamowulilviT Sekrebuli netarisa
ioanesgan xucisa da monazonisa damaskelisa, sakiTxavi SobisaTÂs
oÂflisa Cuenisa ies qristesa~ 46 .
43 anastasi sinelis es Txzuleba berZnulidan qarTulad naTargmnia XI-XII saukuneebSi,
cnobili qarTveli mwignobris Teofile xucesmonazonis mier (kekeliZe 1980: 245).
homiliis teqsti Setanilia XII-XIX saukuneebiT daTariRebul ocdaaTamde qarTul
xelnawerSi (gabiZaSvili 2009b: 219). samwuxarod, am homiliis Ven.4-Si warmodgenili
nusxa miTiTebuli ar aris enriko gabiZaSvilis mier 2009 wels gamocemul
bibliografiuli xasiaTis wignSi: `Zveli qarTuli mwerlobis naTargmni Zeglebi.
bibliografia. 3. homiletika~ (gabiZaSvili 2009b: 219).
44 wm. ioane oqropiris es Txzuleba Setanilia XI-XIX saukuneebis ocdaaTamde qarTul
xelnawerSi (gabiZaSvili 2009b: 86). samwuxarod, am homiliis garejul krebulSi
warmodgenili nusxa miTiTebuli ar aris enriko gabiZaSvilis mier 2009 wels
gamocemul bibliografiuli xasiaTis wignSi: `Zveli qarTuli mwerlobis naTargmni
Zeglebi. bibliografia. 3. homiletika~ (gabiZaSvili 2009b: 86). sxvaTa Soris, aRniSnul
gamocemaSi Setanili ar aris am homiliis kidev erTi nusxa, romelic, Tavis mxriv,
warmodgenilia vatikanSi daculi erT-erTi qarTuli xelnaweris SedgenilobaSi
(TarxniSvili 1994: 294).
45 wm. ioane oqropiris es Txzuleba qarTulad naTargmnia XI saukunis cnobili
mwignobris efrem mcires mier (kekeliZe 1980: 265-266). homilia Setanilia XII-XIX
saukuneebiT daTariRebul ocze met qarTul xelnawerSi (gabiZaSvili 2009b: 66-67).
samwuxarod, am Txzulebis Ven.4-Si warmodgenili nusxa miTiTebuli ar aris enriko
gabiZaSvilis mier 2009 wels gamocemul bibliografiuli xasiaTis wignSi: `Zveli
qarTuli mwerlobis naTargmni Zeglebi. bibliografia. 3. homiletika~ (gabiZaSvili
2009b: 66-67).
46 Txzuleba qarTulad naTargmnia giorgi mTawmidelis mier (kekeliZe 1980: 230). amas
TvalnaTliv mowmobs Ven.4-Si warmodgenili teqsti, romlis saTaurTanac nikoloz
nikrais xeliT Sesrulebulia nusxuri minaweri: `T(a)rgm(a)ni g(iorg)i~. wm. ioane
damaskelis es homilia Setanilia XI-XIX saukuneebis ocdaaTamde qarTul xelnawerSi
(gabiZaSvili 2009b: 459). samwuxarod, am homiliis garejul krebulSi warmodgenili
50

erTgvarad gansxvavebuli xasiaTis teqstia Ven.4-is rigiT mexuTe
Txzuleba, romelic, Tavis mxriv, an homiletikuri an kidev, apokrifuli
Janris sakiTxavebs miekuTvneba: #5. `sityÂs-gebaÁ kiTxva-migebiTi didisa
basilisi da grigoli RmrTismetyuelisaÁ~ 47 .
garejul krebulSi Setanili ori sxva Txzuleba an hagiografiuli
xasiaTis apokrifebs an kidev, wmindad hagiografiul sakiTxavebs
warmoadgens. es teqstebia: #6. `SromaÁ da cxorebaÁ sanatrelTa maT
SiSuel-marTalTaÁ da wmidisa mamisa zosimesi~ 48 da #7. `cxorebaÁ da
nusxa miTiTebuli ar aris enriko gabiZaSvilis mier 2009 wels gamocemul
bibliografiuli xasiaTis wignSi: `Zveli qarTuli mwerlobis naTargmni Zeglebi.
bibliografia. 3. homiletika~ (gabiZaSvili 2009b: 459).
47 korneli kekeliZis dakvirvebiT, qarTul xelnawerebSi warmodgenilia am apokrifuli
Txzulebis ori redaqcia. aqedan, erT-erTi redaqcia `saxismetyuelebiTi sityÂsgebaÁ
wmidaTa mRdelTmoZRuarTa basilisi da grigolisi~, gvxvdeba XII-XIII ss. ZeglebSi,
xolo meore redaqcia am apokrifisa, romelic ufro axlos dgas slavur `Беседа трех
святителей~-sTan, gvaqvs X-XI saukunis mravalTavebSi~ (kekeliZe 1980: 455). `X-XI
saukuneebis mravalTavebze~ saubrisas mkvlevars mxedvelobaSi aqvs xelnawerTa
erovnul centrSi daculi ori xelnaweri: A-19 (bregaZe ... 1973: 58-71) da A-95 (bregaZe ...
1973: 361-393). imave korneli kekeliZis dakvirvebiT, aRniSnuli sakiTxavi zemoT naxsenebi
xelnawerebis garda, Setanilia apokrifuli xasiaTis krebul `margalitSic~ (kekeliZe
1980: 451-455). Tavad `margalitma~ Cvenamde moaRwia XVIII-XIX saukuneebis ramdenime
nusxis saxiT. es nusxebia: S-1536 (baqraZe ... 1961: 337-338), A-1369 (SaraSiZe 1954b: 456-457), H-
1296 (SaraSiZe 1948: 244-248), A-381 (bregaZe ... 1985: 108-118), agreTve, l. lopatinskisa
(TayaiSvili 1898: 74-76) da mixiel sabininis (xaxanaSvili 1901: 428-429) naqoni
xelnawerebi, S-3529 (bregaZe ... 1969: 68-69) da A-658 (Jordania 1902: 140-141). yovelive
zemoTqmulTan dakavSirebiT, aucileblad unda aRiniSnos erTi metad mniSvnelovani
faqti. kerZod, dReisaTvis samecniero literaturaSi myarad aris damkvidrebuli azri,
rom `margaliti~ warmoadgens ara apokrifuli Janris, rogorc amas fiqrobda korneli
kekeliZe, aramed homiletikuri xasiaTis krebuls (gabiZaSvili 2009b: 18, 21). Tu es
mosazreba sworia da `margaliti~ marTlac homiletikur krebuls warmoadgens, maSin
avtomaturad Cndeba kiTxva _ ramdenad marTebuli iyo korneli kekeliZis pozicia,
roca basili didisa da grigol RmrTismetyuelis `kiTxva-migebiT sityvisgebas~
apokrifuli xasiaTis Zeglad miiCnevda? samwuxarod, dasmul kiTxvaze raime saboloo
pasuxi jerjerobiT ar gvaqvs da amitomac winamdebare naSromSi am sakiTxze mets
arafers vityviT. aq mxolod imas SevniSnavT, rom gansaxilavi Txzulebis garejul
krebulSi warmodgenili nusxa, savaraudod, miekuTvneba korneli kekeliZis mier amave
TxzulebebSi gamoyofil pirvel redaqcias.
48 korneli kekeliZis azriT, es Txzuleba warmoadgens hagiografiuli xasiaTis
apokrifs. amave mkvlevris dakvirvebiT, aRniSnuli apokrifi cnobilia ori redaqciiT
(kekeliZe 1980: 451). aqedan, pirveli redaqciis saTauria: `cxovrebaÁ da moqalaqobaÁ da
saqmeni netarTa SiSvel-marTalTani, romelsa warvida zosime~. teqsti, ZiriTadad,
daculia XVIII-XIX saukuneebis xelnawerebSi (bregaZe ... 1976: 230; bregaZe ... 1985: 175).
rac Seexeba meore redaqcias, misi saTauria: `SiSuÀlmarTalTaTÂs, TxrobaÁ wmidisa
basilisi evbolis mimarT, moZRurisa misisa~. es teqsti Setanilia A-65-Si (bregaZe ...
1973: 227). sakmaod mcired gansxvavebuli mosazreba aqvs enriko gabiZaSvils. mkvlevari
miiCnevs, rom CvenTvis saintereso Txzuleba warmoadgens ara hagiografiuli xasiaTis
apokrifs, aramed wmindad hagiografiuli Janris nawarmoebs (gabiZaSvili 2009a: 56, 82-84,
207). amasTan, enriko gabiZaSvili dasaxelebuli Txzulebis Cvenamde moRweul nusxebs
yofs or kimenur redaqciad. misi TqmiT, pirveli redaqciis saTauria: `cxorebaÁ da
moqalaqobaÁ da saqmeni netarTa SiSvelmarTalTani, romelsa warvida zosime~.
mkvlevris dakvirvebiT, am redaqciis teqsti Setanilia X-XIX saukuneebis eqvs qarTul
51

moqalaqobaÁ wmidisa nisimesi, romeli iyo asuli mefisa egÂbtisaÁ da
iqmna mamasaxlis udabnos mZuvarTa zeda, ricxÂT oTxasTa~ 49 .
daaxloebiT msgavsi xasiaTis Txzulebaa Ven.4-is SedgenilobaSi
warmodgenili #11 sakiTxavi, romelic an apokrifuli an kidev,
hagiografiuli Janris nawarmoebs warmoadgens: #11. `cxorebaÁ wmidisa
dionosios episkoposisa, romeli iyo Ze sokratisi da mTavari aTenelTaÁ,
romelsa ewoda qalaqi brZenTaÁ. moTxrobaÁ juarcumisaTÂs oÂflisa
Cuenisa ies qristesa~ 50 .
xelnawerSi (gabiZaSvili 2009a: 56, 207). rac Seexeba meore redaqcias, misi saTauria:
`cxorebaÁ da moqalaqobaÁ wmidaTa maT da sanatrelTa SiSvel-marTalTa da wmidisa
da netarisa mamisa Cuenisa zosime ganSorebulisa~. enriko gabiZaSvilis TqmiT, am
redaqciis teqstma Cvenamde moaRwia XVI-XVIII saukuneebis mxolod ori xelnaweris
saxiT (gabiZaSvili 2009a: 56, 207). sagulisxmoa, rom amave Txzulebis is nusxa,
romelic, Tavis mxriv, Setanilia Ven.4-Si, enriko gabiZaSvils miTiTebuli ar aqvs arc
pirveli da arc meore redaqciis xelnawerebs Soris (gabiZaSvili 2009a: 56, 207).
dReisaTvis, CvenTvis Zalian Znelia vTqvaT, sinamdvileSi, romel Janrs miekuTvneba
garejul krebulSi warmodgenili teqsti _ apokriful-hagiografiuls, rogorc amas
fiqrobda korneli kekeliZe, Tu wmindad hagiografiuls, rogorc es miaCnia enriko
gabiZaSvils. amitomac winamdebare naSromSi jerjerobiT Riad vtovebT CvenTvis
saintereso Txzulebis Janrobrivi kuTvnilebis sakiTxs. Tumca ki, aqve SevniSnavT, rom
am Txzulebis garejul krebulSi warmodgenili nusxa, savaraudod, miekuTvneba
korneli kekeliZisa da enriko gabiZaSvilis gamoyofil pirvel redaqcias. Tu Cveni es
bolo daskvna sworia, maSin miTiTeba am Txzulebis Ven.4-Si warmodgenil nusxaze
aucileblad unda Sevides enriko gabiZaSvilis mier 2004 wels gamocemul
bibliografiuli xasiaTis wignSi: `Zveli qarTuli mwerlobis naTargmni Zeglebi.
bibliografia. 3. hagiografia~ (gabiZaSvili 2009a: 207).
49 am Txzulebis Janrobrivi kuTvnilebis Taobaze qarTul istoriografiaSi ori
gansxvavebuli mosazreba arsebobs. korneli kekeliZis dakvirvebiT, wm. nisimes
`cxovreba~ hagiografiuli xasiaTis apokrifia (kekeliZe 1941: 412). aRniSnul mosazrebas
ar eTanxmeba enriko gabiZaSvili, romelic, Tavis mxriv, miiCnevs, rom xsenebuli teqsti
wmindad hagiografiuli Janris nawarmoebs warmoadgens (gabiZaSvili 2009a: 60, 82-84, 104,
299). Cveni kvlevis am etapze, jerjerobiT ar SegviZlia, dabejiTebiT vTqvaT, visi
mosazreba ufro sworia _ korneli kekeliZis Tu enriko gabiZaSvilisa. amitomac
winamdebare naSromSi saerTod Riad vtovebT wm. nisimes `cxovrebis~ Janrobrivi
kuTvnilebis sakiTxs. samagierod, xazgasmiT aRvniSnavT im faqts, rom gansaxilavi
Txzulebis Ven.4-Si warmodgenili nusxa, CvenTvis ucnobi mizezebis gamo, miTiTebuli
ar aris enriko gabiZaSvilis mier 2004 wels gamocemul bibliografiuli xasiaTis
wignSi: `Zveli qarTuli mwerlobis naTargmni Zeglebi. bibliografia. 3. hagiografia~,
sadac jerovani saxiT aris CamoTvlili amave Txzulebis Semcveli sxva qarTuli
xelnawerebi (gabiZaSvili 2009a: 207). dasasrul, SevniSnavT imasac, rom wm. nisimes
`cxovrebis~ garejul krebulSi Setanili nusxa da masTan dakavSirebuli sakiTxebi
sakmaod safuZvlianad aris Seswavlili filologos qeTevan asaTianis mier 2003 wels
gamoqveynebul statiaSi `nisimes cxovrebis~ XII saukunis ucnobi qarTuli nusxis
Sesaxeb (winaswari cnobebi)~ (asaTiani 2003).
50 korneli kekeliZis dakvirvebiT, es Txzuleba apokrifuli xasiaTis Zeglia da
ukavSirdeba pavle mociqulis erT-erTi mowafis dionise areopagelis saxels (kekeliZe
1980: 449-450). gansxvavebuli Sexeduleba aqvs enriko gabiZaSvils. misi azriT, dionise
areopagelis `cxovreba~ wmindad hagiografiuli Janris nawarmoebia (gabiZaSvili 2009a:
175-176). dReisaTvis, Cven ar SegviZlia vTqvaT, realurad romel Janrs miekuTvneba
garejul krebulSi warmodgenili teqsti _ apokrifuls Tu hagiografiuls. amitomac
winamdebare naSromSi Tavs vikavebT raime saboloo daskvnisagan da jerjerobiT Riad
52

ac Seexeba Ven.4-Si Setanil danarCen oTx Txzulebas, isini
egzegetikuri (#2), dogmatikur-polemikuri (#8), bibliur-himnografiuli
(#9) da istoriul-qronografiuli (#12) xasiaTis Zeglebs warmoadgens.
es Txzulebebia: #2. `TargmanebaÁ momiÃsenisaÁ, Tqumuli wmidisa grigoli
noselisaÁ~ 51 ; #8. `wvalebisa winamZRuarTa SeCuenebaÁ~ 52 ; #9. `qebaÁ qebaTaÁ,
SesxmaÁ wmidisa RmrTismSobelisaÁ brZnisa solomonisgan~ 53 da #12.
vtovebT CvenTvis saintereso Txzulebis Janrobrivi kuTvnilebis sakiTxs. enriko
gabiZaSvilis dakvirvebiT, dionise areopagelis `cxovrebam~ Cvenamde moaRwia X-XIX
saukuneebis TxuTmetamde qarTuli xelnaweris saxiT (gabiZaSvili 2009a: 175-176).
samwuxarod, dasaxelebuli Txzulebis garejul krebulSi warmodgenili nusxa, am
xelnawerSi Setanili sxva sakiTxavebis msgavsad, miTiTebuli ar aris enriko
gabiZaSvilis mier 2004 wels gamocemul bibliografiuli xasiaTis wignSi: `Zveli
qarTuli mwerlobis naTargmni Zeglebi. bibliografia. 3. hagiografia~ (gabiZaSvili
2009a: 176-177).
51 am egzegetikuri Txzulebis avtoria wm. grigol noseli, razec pirdapir migviTiTebs
Ven.4-Si Setanili teqstis saTauri. sakiTxavi qarTulad naTargmnia giorgi
mTawmidelis mier (kekeliZe 1980: 224, 463). ufro dawvrilebiT am Txzulebis Sesaxeb ix.:
`wmida grigoli noseli. saRmrTismetyvelo, egzetikuri da panegirikuli Txzulebebi~
(wmida grigoli noseli 2004: 141-146, 198-285).
52 am Txzulebis Sesaxeb dawvrilebiT ix.: winamdebare naSromis Tavi II, $1.
53 Ven.4-Si Setanili sakiTxavebidan gansakuTrebul yuradRebas ipyrobs `qebaÁ qebaTaÁs~
teqsti. pirvel rigSi, aRsaniSnavia is garemoeba, rom garejul krebulSi es bibliuri
wigni warmodgenilia aramxolod dialoguri formiT, rasac jer kidev aTonis 978
wlis bibliaSi vxvdebiT (kekeliZe 1980: 418-419), aramed _ iambikos saxiT. CvenTvis
ucnob himnografs (nikoloz nikrais?) teqsti Tormetmarcvlian (5+7) taepebad aqvs
dayofili. sayuradReboa isic, rom Ven.4-Si yoveli taepis pirveli xuTi marcvlis
Semdeg dasmulia ori (an erTi) zeviT abrunebuli da oric qvemoT daxrili mZime,
momdevno Svidi marcvlis bolos ki Sesrulebulia, rogorc Cans, taepis dasrulebis
aRmniSvneli orwertili da xazi. am mxriv, garejul krebulSi Setanili es Txzuleba
Zalzed saintereso unda iyos qarTuli himnografiiT dainteresebul mkvlevarTaTvis.
miT ufro, rom Ven.4 gadawerilia garejSi anu im sasuliero centrSi, sadac
daaxloebiT imave xanebSi damianes saxeliT Semonazvnebul mefe demetre I-s (1125-1156
ww.) SeTxzuli aqvs brwyinvale iambikoebi, maT Soris, saxelovani sagalobeli `Sen xar
venaxi~ (kekeliZe 1980: 314-316; saqarTvelos ... 2000b: 131-132). Ven.4-Si Setanili teqsti
dasaTaurebulia Semdegi saxiT: `qebaÁ qebaTaÁ, SesxmaÁ wmidisa RmrTismSobelisaÁ
brZnisa solomonisgan~. maSasadame, CvenTvis ucnobi egzegetikosi (nikoloz nikrai?)
`qebaÁ qebaTaÁs~ ganmartavs, rogorc bibliuri mefe-winaswarmetyvelis solomonis mier
yovladwmida RmrTismSoblis Sesxmas, rac erTob originalur mosazrebas warmoadgens.
magaliTisaTvis SevniSnavT, rom `qebaÁ qebaTaÁs~ teqstisadmi srulebiT gansxvavebuli
damokidebuleba hqondaT iseTi safuZvliani Teologiuri ganaTlebis mqone mecnierebs,
rogorebic iyvnen korneli kekeliZe (kekeliZe 1980: 428) da grigol feraZe (feraZe 2001:.
103-113). maTi azriT, es bibliuri wigni warmoadgens ara yovladwmida RmrTismSoblis
Sesxmas, aramed qalisa da vaJis siyvarulisadmi miZRvnil himns. vfiqrobT, motanili
magaliTidanac ki naTlad Cans, Tu saRmrTismetyvelo TvalsazrisiT, raoden
saintereso Zeglia garejul krebulSi warmodgenili `qebaÁ qebaTaÁs~ teqsti. aqve
SevniSnavT im faqtsac, rom xsenebuli bibliuri wigniT didad iyo dainteresebuli
zemoT ukve xsenebuli grigol feraZe. mkvlevarma `qebaÁYqebaTaÁs~ teqsti sagangebod
Targmna Zveli ebraulidan da aRniSnuli Targmani 1932 wels gamoaqveyna parizSi,
misive radaqtorobiT gamomavali Jurnalis `jvari vazisas~ furclebze (feraZe 1995:
152; feraZe 2001: 2001). `qebaÁ qebaTaÁs~ garejul krebulSi warmodgenili teqsti, Sesabamis
gamokvlevasTan erTad, gamoqveynebulia zurab sarjvelaZis mier, 1983 wels (sarjvelaZe
1983). 2003 wels `qebaÁ qebaTaÁs~ amave nusxis Sesaxeb ramdenime saintereso mo-
53

`moTxrobaÁ sul mcire vasiloRrafisgan, ricxÂsaTÂs dasabamiTgan
gardasrulTa welTaÁsa~ 54 .
garejuli krebulis Sedgenilobaze dakvirveba gviCvenebs, rom aq
Txzulebebi kalendaruli wesis dacviT ar aris dalagebuli. anu
sxvagvarad rom vTqvaT, Ven.4-Si warmodgenili sakiTxavebis
Tanamimdevroba ar Seesabameba im mkacrad gansazRvrul kalendrul rigs,
romelTa dacviTac es teqstebi mTeli wlis manZilze ikiTxeboda
saeklesio liturgiaSi monawile mRvdelmsaxurTa mier.
metic, garejul krebulSi Setanilia ramdenime iseTi Txzuleba,
romelsac aranairi kavSiri ar aqvs saeklesio liturgiasTan. magaliTad,
aseTi teqstebia: dogmatikur-polemikuri traqtati `wvalebisa
winamZRuarTa SeCuenebaÁ~; saistorio-qronografiuli sakiTxavi
`moTxrobaÁ sul mcire vasiloRrafisgan, ricxÂsaTÂs dasabamiTgan
gardasrulTa welTaÁsa~ da sxv.
aRniSnuli Taviseburebebis gaTvaliswinebiT, Ven.4-is filologiuri
kvlevis ukve am etapze calsaxad SeiZleba iTqvas, rom garejuli
krebuli ar warmoadgens mravalTavis tipis xelnawers anu Zveli
sazreba gamoTqva ciala qurcikiZemac (qurcikiZe 2003: 613). dasaxelebuli ori publickacia
zemoT ukve dawvrilebiT gvqonda ganxiluli, amitom aq aRar SevCerdebiT maTze.
54 Ven.4-Si warmodgenili Tormeti Txzulebidan Cvens gansakuTrebul interss swored es
istoriul-qronografiuli traqtati iwvevs. amJamad momzadebuli gvaqvs aRniSnuli
teqstisadmi miZRvnili vrceli gamokvleva, romelsac uaxloes momavalSi SevTavazebT
samecniero sazogadoebas. rac Seexeba winamdebare naSroms, aq mxolod imiT
SemovifarglebiT, rom sruli saxiT warmovadgenT xsenebuli traqtatis teqsts:
Txzulebis sruli qarTuli teqsti: `moTxrob(a)Á s(u)l mcire, | vasiloRrafis|g(a)n,
ricxÂsaTÂs da|sabamiTg(a)n garda|srulTa welTaÁsa. | adamisiTg(a)n wyliT rRuna|dmdis
gardaÃdes | welni oraTas oras | ormeocdaorni. | wyliT rRuniTg(a)n | v(idr)e
godlisa Sene|badmde _ oTxas oc|daxuTni. god|lisa SenebiTg(a)n v(idr)e | abrahamisamde
_ o|Txas ocdaxuTni. | a[bra]hamisiTg(a)n v(idr)e | gamoslvamde ZeTa | i(sra)ElisaTa _
oTxas | ocdaaTni. [e]gÂbtiT | gamoslviTg(a)n v(idr)e so|lomonis taZ[r]isa | Senebadmde
_ SÂda[s] | ormeocdaa[T]SÂd|metni. solomonis | taZrisa Senebi[Tg(a)n] | v(idr)e
tyueobadmde | i(sra)ÀlTa _ oTxas oc|daxuTni. [- -] x(olo) ju|mlad _ oTxaTas | rvaas
oTxmocni. | tyueobiTg(a)n v(idr)e a|leqsandres mefo|bamde _ samas aTr|vametni.
aleqsa|ndres mefobiTg(a)n v(idr)e | q(riste)samde _ samas samni. | erTbamad _ xuT aTas |
xuTi weli. q(rist)esiT|g(a)n v(idr)e didisa kosta|ntine mefisamde _ sa|mas aTrvametni. |
didisa kostantinesiTg(a)n | v(idr)e mixail mefisa, Te|ofiles Zisamde _ xu|Tas
ormeocdaxu|Tni. erTbamad _ e|qus aTas samas same|ocdaxuTi weli. | Teofiles Zisa
mixae|l mefisaÁTg(a)n v(idr)e | aleqsi komianosi|samde gardaÃdes | welni oras
orme|ocdaxuTni. | x(olo) dasabamiTg(a)n v(idr)e moa|qamde gardaÃdes | welni equsaTas |
equs{a}s da rvani. da odes e|se iTargmna, TÂÀ iyo | marti, indiktioni À | berZulado
(8+1092=1100 w.) da a[m]a|s wlamde ig (13) [w]e[l]i | gardasrula. | daiwera xronikonsa |
tla (331+780=1111 w.), indiktionsa e (5+1107=1112 w.)~ (feraZe 2004: 177-178. Sdr.: jojua
2002g: 107-109).
54

qarTuli mwerlobidan kargad cnobil iseT liturgikul krebuls, sadac
didi saeklesio dResaswaulebisaTvis gankuTvnili, ZiriTadad, hagiogra-
fiuli da homiletikuri xasiaTis sakiTxavebi, swored kalendaruli
principiT iyo dalagebuli (Sdr.: maisuraZe ... 1999: 9-23) 55 .
gadavideT garejuli krebulis gadawerasTan dakavSirebul sakiT-
xebze. xelnaweris gadamweris vinaobis, gadaweris adgilisa da drois
Sesaxeb pirdapir miTiTebas gvawvdis Ven.4-is 304v-s zeda naxevarze
Sesrulebuli vrceli anderZis teqsti. kolofoni Sesrulebulia
garejuli krebulis ZiriTadi teqstis xeliT, nusxurad. ramdenime gra-
fema gadmocemulia asomTavruliT. anderZi, didwilad, dawerilia sin-
guriT, xolo qronikonisa da indiktionis ricxvebi gamoyvanilia Savi (?)
feris melniT. srulad mogvaqvs anderZis teqsti:
`saxeliTa R(mrT)isaÁTa, wignsa amas ewodebis sa|natreli. daiwera
ÃeliTa undoÁsa, Sav | nik(olo)z nikraÁsaÁTa, sanaxebsa w(mid)isa m(a)misa
d(avi)Tissa, | garesjas, kedelsa (?), r(ome)lsa ewodebis saxelad | berTaÁ,
qronikonsa tp (1160 w.), mefobasa Zisa | d(eme)tres g(iorg)isaze, welsa
mefobisa misisasa g (3). | daamyaren R(merTma)n mefob(a)Á misi saTnod
o(Âfl)isa C(ue)nisa | i(es)Â q(ristÀ)s{a}, r(om)lisaÁ ars d(ide)b(a)Á
uk(uni)Ti uk(unisadmd)e, a(me)n da Sa|v nikrasa SromisaTÂs k(urT)x(e)vaÁ
s(au)k(u)n(o)Á, a(me)n. | d(ide)b(a)Á R(merTs)a sr(u)lmyofelsa y(ovel)Tasa,
a(me)n. | me{u}feo, g(ua)k(urT)x(e)n~ (feraZe 2004: 164).
rogorc vxedavT, citirebuli teqsti pirdapir gvauwyebs, rom
garejuli krebuli gadawerili iyo vinme nikolozis mier: `daiwera
ÃeliTa undoÁsa, Sav nikoloz nikraÁsaÁTa...~.
55 gansxvavebuli mosazreba hqonda grigol feraZes. mkvlevris dakvirvebiT, Ven.4 swored
mravalTavis tipis krebuli iyo (feraZe 1940: 220-221; feraZe 2004: 160, 170). mogvianebiT,
grigol feraZis mosazreba raime damatebiTi argumentis gareSe gaimeores vaxtang
imnaiSvilma da darejan kldiaSvilma (imnaiSvili 2008: 10; kldiaSvili 2008: 11). Cven
2002 wels gamoqveynebul erT-erT werilSi sagangebod SevexeT grigol feraZis am
mosazrebas da vfiqrobT, damajereblad vaCveneT, rom Ven.4 arcerTi niSniT ar
miekuTvneba liturgikuli daniSnulebis mqone mravalTavebis jgufs. paralelurad
amisa, xsenebul statiaSi hipoTezis saxiT gamovTqviT mosazreba, rom garejuli
krebuli ufro kerZod sakiTxav wigns warmoadgenda da savaraudod, senakebsa Tu
samartomyofeloebSi moRvawe monazvnebisaTvis iyo gankuTvnili (jojua 2002g: 106).
55

amave anderZidan irkveva, rom nikolozs narTauli zedwodebac
hqonia 56 . mas metsaxelad nikrais eZaxdnen: `daiwera ÃeliTa undoÁsa, Sav
nikoloz nikraÁsaÁTa... Sav nikrasa SromisaTÂs kurTxevaÁ saukunoÁ~.
calke saubris Temaa anderZis teqstSi dadasturebuli sityva `Savi~,
romelic, erT SemTxvevaSi, Ven.4-is gadamweris saxelTan da
zedwodebasTan aris dawyvilebuli, xolo, meore SemTxvevaSi _ mis
zedmetsaxelTan: `daiwera ÃeliTa undoÁsa, Sav nikoloz nikraÁsaÁTa...
Sav nikrasa SromisaTÂs kurTxevaÁ saukunoÁ~. Cveni dakvirvebiT, es sityva
amave anderZSi dadasturebuli sityva `undoÁs~ msgavsad, sakuTari Tavis
damamcrobel Tu damakninebel termins unda warmoadgendes 57 .
garejuli krebulis anderZSi pirdapir aris miTiTebuli misi
gadaweris adgilic: `daiwera... sanaxebsa wmidisa mamisa daviTissa,
garesjas, kedelsa (?), romelsa ewodebis saxelad berTaÁ...~. rogorc
vxedavT, Ven.4 gadawerili iyo garejis mravalmTaSi (`garesjas~), wm.
daviT garejelis lavrisa Tu udabnos monastris midamoebSi (`sanaxebsa
wmidisa mamisa daviTissa~) mdebare 58 , jerjerobiT daudgeneli tipis
56 Sua saukuneebis saqarTveloSi sityva `narTauli~ zedwodebas, zedmet saxels
aRniSnavda, mag.: `Rirs viqmen me, glaxaki iovane, narTaulad berai, aRsrulebad wmidasa
amas saxarebasa oTxTavsa~ (quTaTelaZe 1955: 2). saerTod, qarTul narTaul
zedwodebebSi ori jgufi gamoiyofa. pirvel jgufs miekuTvneba zedwodebebi, romelTa
mniSvnelobac met-naklebad gasagebia, mag.: giorgi grZeli (abulaZe 1973a: 236), saba kuti
(SaraSiZe 1948: 292), miqael modrekili (bregaZe ... 1959b: 544), gabriel patarai (bregaZe ...
1973: 389), basili etratai (bregaZe ... 1973: 395) da sxv.). rac Seexeba meore jgufs, mas
miekuTvneba iseTi zedwodebebi, romelTa sementikac daudgenelia, mag.: miqael marcla,
antoni laxtara, daviT koWikaÁ, elempi goxazi, ioane ToÃabi (sxirtlaZe 1998: 72) da
sxv. vinaidan Ven.4-is gadamweris zedwodebis warmomavloba ucnobia, is narTaul
saxelTa meore jgufSi unda ganvixiloT.
57 sityva `Savi~ sxva mniSvnelobiT, kerZod ki, narTaul zedwodebad esmiT ilia
abulaZesa (abulaZe 1973a: 362-363) da vaxtang beriZes (beriZe 1967: 223-224). isini
iTvaliswineben XI saukunis erT-erTi xelnaweris anderZis teqsts: `daiwera wmidaÁ ese
saxarebaÁ... ÃeliTa ubadrukisa da mwared co(d)vilisa Sav zaqariaÁsiTa~ (janaSvili
1908: 60) da kaligrafs `Sav zaqarias~ uwodeben. rasakvirvelia, `Savi~ narTauli
zedwodebac SeiZleba iyos, magram, rig SemTxvevebSi, igi sakuTari pirovnebis
damakninebel termins unda warmoadgendes, mag.: `ese aRapni iqi-aqa dafanCulad ewernes
da saWiro iyvnes saZebnelad. xolo me, brZanebiTa wmidisa mamisa Cuenisa ioanesiTa,
Cemsa Sav dekanozobasa gardavweren dawyobiT~ (metreveli 1998: 191). Ven.4-is anderZSi
`Savi~ ueWvelad sakuTari pirovnebis damamcrobeli termini unda iyos, radgan,
sapirispiro SemTxvevaSi, gamodis, rom kaligrafi sakuTar Tavs erTdroulad ori
zedwodebiT ixseniebda: `nikrai~ da `Savi~. aseT precedents ki qarTul werilobiT
ZeglebSi jerjerobiT versad mivakvlieT.
58 Ven.4-is anderZSi motanili fraza `wmida mama daviTi~, Sesabamisi konteqstis
gaTvaliswinebiT, aSkarad gulisxmobs garejis mravalmTaSi moqmed erT-erT savanes,
romelic atarebda wm. daviT garejelis saxels. dReisaTvis mkvlevarTaTvis am
saxeliT cnobilia garejis mxolod erTi monasteri _ wm. daviTis mier daarsebuli
uZvelesi qvabovani savane, igive wm. daviT garejelis lavra, sadac dRemde ixilveba
56

savaneSi (`kedelsa (?)~), romlsac saxelad berTas eZaxdnen (`romelsa
ewodebis saxelad berTaÁ~).
samwuxarod, anderZis im adgilas, sadac Sesrulebulia sityva
`kedelsa (?)~ melani TiTqmis mTlianad gadasulia, ris gamoc sityvis
zustad amokiTxva veRar xerxdeba. Tavdapirvelad, imedi gvqonda, rom am
gansakuTrebiT mniSvnelovani adgilis amokiTxvas uSualod xelnaweris
dedanSi mainc movaxerxebdiT, Tumca, Cveni molodini fuWi gamodga.
gadasuli sityvis amokiTxva verc dedanSi ver SevZeliT. metic, am
adgilis danamdvilebiT garCeva verc venis nacionaluri biblioTekis
specialuri teqnikuri kabinetebis daxmarebiT movaxerxeT, romlebic,
Tavis mxriv, ultraiisferi sxivebiT iyo aRWurvili.
samarTlianobisaTvis unda aRiniSnos, rom garejuli krebulis an-
derZis es adgili sakmaod gansxvavebuli saxiT amoikiTxa grigol fera-
Zem. mis mier 1940 wels avstriaSi gamoqveynebul germanulenovan statiaSi
kolofonis es fragmenti Semdegi saxiT aris warmodgenili: `sanaxebsa
wmidanis saflavi. Cven sakmaod gansxvavebuli mosazreba gvaqvs aRniSnul sakiTxTan
dakavSirebiT da migvaCnia, rom garejSi wm. daviTis saxels atarebda aramxolod
wmidanis saflavis lavra, aramed misgan samxreTiT mdebare didi qavabovani savane,
romelic dReisaTvis udabnos monastris saxeliT aris cnobili. ras emyareba Cveni
amgvari mosazreba? daviwyoT imiT, rom udabnos monastris mTavari eklesiis
CrdiloeTi kedlis freskul moxatulobaSi warmodgenilia qtitorTa rigi (X-XI ss.),
romlebic taZris models sasoebiT miarTmeven maT win mdgom wm. daviT garejels
(abramiSvili 1972: 69-77). daaxloebiT msgavsi suraTi gvaqvs amave monastris xarebis
eklesiis moxatulobaSi (XIV s-is dasawyisi), sadac ninowmideli (?) episkoposi ioane
taZris models, mTavar eklesiaSi warmodgenili qtitorebis msgavsad, mowiwebiT
uwvdis imave wm. daviT garejels (abramiSvili 1972: 145). ratom miarTmeven
zemoxsenebuli qtitorebi maTi safasiT gamokveTili Tu moxatuli eklesiasamlocveloebis
models maincadamainc wm. daviTs? am kiTxvaze Cven erTaderTi pasuxi
gvaqvs. rogorc Cans, udabnos monasteri wm. daviT garejelis saxelobisa iyo da
amitomac qtitorebi sakuTar Rvawls swored mas avedrebdnen. Cveni dakvirvebiT,
swored am mizeziT aixsneba is mravlismetyveli faqti, rom monastris mTavar taZarsa
(X-XI ss.) da sadiakvneSi (IX s.) Sesrulebuli iyo ara romelime sxva wmidanis, aramed
maincadamainc wm. daviT garejelis cxovrebis ferweruli cikli (abramiSvili 1972: 21-
89). savaraudod, amave mizeziT aixsneba is faqtic, rom udabnos monastris sxvadasxva
eklesia-samlocveloebsa Tu satrapezoSi uCveulo raodenobiT aris warmodgenili wm.
daviT garejelis freskuli gamosaxulebebi (abramiSvili 1972: 101-114, 143-145). freskul
nimuSebze dakvirvebis garda, zustad analogiur daskvnamde mivyavarT udabnos
monasterSi gamovlenili warwerebis ganxilvasac. rogorc irkveva, adgilobrivi
epigrafikuli fondis mniSvnelovani nawili, oTxmocamde savedrebeli teqsti swored
wm. daviTisadmi iyo mimarTuli (kldiaSvili ... 1999: 97-375). yovelive zemoTqmulidan
gamomdinare, vfiqrobT, ar SevcdebiT, Tuki davaskvniT, rom udabnos monasteri
marTlac wm. daviT garejelis saxelze iyo daarsebuli. samwuxarod, werilobiTi
wyaroebis uqonlobis gamo, jerjerobiT ar SegviZlia, visaubroT imaze, Tu
konkretulad ra saxis urTierTmimarTeba arsebobda Sua saukuneebSi wm. daviTis
saflavis lavrasa da udabnos monasters Soris, romlebic, Cveni dakvirvebiT, erTi da
imave wmidanis anu wm. daviT garejelis saxels atarebdnen.
57

w(mid)isa mamisa daviTissa. garesjas, kedvisa, r(ome)lsa ewodebis
soflad, berTaÁ~ (qaragmis gaxsna Cvenia _ T. j.) (feraZe 1940: 226).
rogorc vxdavT, gansaxilavi adgilis grigol feraZiseuli da
Cveneuli wakiTxvebi sakmaod gansxavdeba erTmaneTisagan, risi ZiriTadi
mizezic, cxadia, teqstis dazianebaa. grigol feraZiseuli publikaciidan
Cven principulad ver gaviziarebT im debulebas, rom sityva `berTaÁs~
win ikiTxeba sityva `soflad~. marTlac, anderZis teqstze dakvirveba
aCvenebs, rom aq, marTalia, Znelad, magram mainc garCeviT ikiTxeba sityva
`saxelad~. rac Seexeba grigol feraZis mier gansxvavebuli saxiT
wakiTxul meore sityvas _ `kedvisa~, aq verc uarvyofT da verc
daveTanxmebiT mkvlevris mier SemoTavazebul wakiTxvas, vinaidan
anderZis dazianebuli adgili ar iZleva raime kategoriuli daskvnis
gamotanis uflebas 59 .
amrigad, jerjerobiT Riad vtovebT sakiTxs, Tu konkretulad ra
tipis samoRvaweo adgilsa Tu savanes ixseniebda nikoloz nikrai
`berTas~ saxeliT da Sesabamisad, gansaxilavi sityvis Cveneul
wakiTxvasac kiTxvis niSniT warmovadgenT winamdebare naSromSi.
rodis iyo gadawerili garejuli krebuli? dasmul kiTxavze pasuxs
kvlav Ven.4-is anderZi gvaZlevs: `daiwera... qronikonsa tp (1160 w.), mefo-
basa Zisa demetres giorgisaze, welsa mefobisa misisasa g (3)~. kolofo-
nis teqstSi moxseniebuli mefe giorgi demetres-Zis zeobis sakiTxs
vrclad qvemoT SevexebiT, aq ki yuradRebas mxolod meore qronologiur
monacemze gavamaxvilebT da masze dayrdnobiT, aRvniSnavT, rom garejuli
krebuli gadawerili iyo tp (380) qronikons anu qristeSobidan 1160 wels
(780+380=1160 w.).
garejuli krebulis gadamweris vinaobis, gadaweris adgilisa da
drois dadgenis Semdeg Cven sagangebod gavecaniT saqarTvelosa da
ucxoeTSi dacul qarTul xelnawer wignTa sxvadasxva `aRwerilobebsa~
59 samagierod, aRniSnuli sityvis grigol feraZiseuli wakiTxvis marTebulobasTan
dakavSirebiT, savsebiT safuZvlian eWvs badebs is garemoeba, rom saxelwodeba `kedvis~
mqone arc savane da arc raime sxva toponimi dReisaTvis dadasturebuli ar aris
garejis mravalmTis arc erT raionSi (Todria ... 1988: 117-119). miuxedavad amisa, grigol
feraZis mosazrebas, rogorc Cans, srulad iziarebs filologosi vaxtang imnaiSvili,
vinac Tavis 2008 wlis statiaSi aRniSnavs, rom Ven.4 gadawerilia `kedvaSi, daviT
garejis maxloblad~ (imnaiSvili 2008: 11-12, 19).
58

Tu katalogebs da metad saintereso Sedegamde mivediT. aRmoCnda, rom
nikoloz nikrais Ven.4-is garda, kidev erTi xelnaweri wigni hqonda
gadawerili.
mxedvelobaSi gvaqvs TbilisSi, xelnawerTa erovnuli centris
qarTuli xelnaweri wignebis H koleqciaSi 1669-e nomriT daculi wm.
ioane sinelis `klemaqsis~ erT-erTi nusxa, igive H-1669. aRniSnuli
xelnaweri H koleqciis xelnawerTa akademiuri `aRwerilobis~ IV tomSi
paleografiuli niSnebis mixedviT, XII-XIII saukuneebiT aris daTariRebu-
li. amave `aRwerilobis~ mixedviT, H-1669-is gadaweris adgili ucnobia.
samagierod, `aRwerilobaSi~ motanilia xelnawerisaTvis darTuli erT-
erTi mcire anderZis teqsti da masze dayrdnobiT, aRniSnulia, rom H-1669
gadamweri vinme nikraia: `sulsa nikraÁsasa Seundven o(Âfal)o R(merT)o,
a(mi)n, romelman iSroma ese wigni~ (metreveli 1950: 96-97).
miuxedavad imisa, rom H-1669-s gadamweris vrceli anderZi ar axlavs
(wigns aklia Tavdapirveli Sedgenilobis pirveli TxuTmeti da bolo
ramdenime furceli), danamdvilebiT SeiZleba iTqvas, rom igi, ise
rogorc Ven.4, nikoloz nikrais mieraa gadawerili.
am mxriv, yovelgvari eWvi gamoricxavs Ven.4-isa da H-1669-is ZiriTadi
teqstebis erTimeoresTan Sedareba. xelnawerebi absoluturad identuri
xeliT aris naweri.
amrigad, irkveva, rom nikoloz nikrai daxelovnebuli kaligrafi
yofila da XII saukunis II naxevarSi _ 1160 welsa da mis axlo xanebSi,
garejis mravalmTaSi ori xelnaweri wigni gadauweria: 1. krebuli
`sanatreli~, igive Ven.4; da 2. wm. ioane sinelis `klemaqsi~, igive H-1669 60 .
nikoloz nikrais mier gadawerili wm. ioane sinelis `klemaqsi~,
garejuli krebulisagan gansxvavebiT, SedarebiT ufro ukeT aris
Sewavlili filologosebisa da xelovnebaTmcodneebis mier. maTgan,
gansakuTrebuli aRniSvnis Rirsia xelovnebaTmcodne vaxtang beriZe,
romelmac Zalian maRali Sefaseba misca nikoloz nikrais mxatvrul-
60 amrigad, sabolood dgindeba H-1669-is warmomavlobasTan dakavSirebuli ramdenime
ZiriTadi detali. kerZod ki, irkveva, rom wm. ioane sinelis `klemaqsis~ es nusxa gadawerili
iyo mxatvar-kaligraf nikoloz nikrais mier, garejis mravalmTaSi, wm. daviT
garejelis lavris midamoebSi, 1160 wlis axloxanebSi (Sdr.: metreveli 1950: 96-97).
59

kaligrafiul ostatobas. marTalia, am Sefasebebisas mkvlevari nikoloz
nikrais mier gadaweril mxolod kidev erT xelnawers, H-1669-s
eyrdnoboda, magram mis mier gamoTqmuli mosazrebebi imdenad zustad
Seesabameba Ven.4-s, rom maTi moxmoba Tamamad SegviZlia rigorc H-1669-is,
ise garejuli krebulis dasaxasiaTeblad:
`nikrai _ kaligrafi. cxovrobda XII an XIII s-Si. Cven vicnobT mis
mier gadaweril erT wigns _ ioane sinelis e. w. klemaqss, romelic XI s-
Si berZnulidan gadmoTargmna eqvTime mTawmidelma. wigni (xelnaw. inst. H
1669) didi formatisaa (36,5 X 29 sm), 223 furclisagan Sedgeba (qaRaldia).
nikras xeliT naweria 16-215 furclebi (Tavis Tavs ramdensame
minawerSi axsenebs _ yovelTvis arSiaze: `sulsa nikraÁsasa Seundven
RmerTman amen~ _ furc. 114, 115, 171 da sxv.), danarCeni _ e. i. pirveli
TxuTmeti da bolo furclebi _ sxva xeliTaa gadawerili. es meore
kaligrafi rigiani ostati yofila, magram gansakuTrebuli ram
damaxasiaTebeli niSani araferi gaaCnia _ wers Savi melniT, or svetad,
daqanebuli, gadabmuli kuTxovani nusxuriT. sazedao asoebi zogi
melniTvea naweri, zogi singuriT. esaa, rom pirvel furcelze teqstis
svetebis sigane sxvadasxvaa _ yuisken mdebare svetebi ufro viwroa.
am kaligrafis gverdiT gansakuTrebiT mkafiod Cans nikras
Tavisebureba. misi naweri (nusxuriTve, yavisferi melniT, or svetad)
mowmobs, rom igi didi temperamentisa da fantaziis patroni unda
yofiliyo, Tanac, maincadamainc ar daudevda sayovelTaod miRebul
wesebs. jer TviT teqstia TiTqos mousvenari xeliT naweri:
kaligrafiulia, magram ufro Znelad wasakiTxi, vidre meore mwerlis
xeli; sityvebs Soris wertil-mZimeebia (Zalian `moqneuli~ mZimeebiT),
striqonebs zemoT da qvemoT sxvadasxva damatebiTi niSnebi (qaragmebis
garda), zogi talRovani xaziviT, zogi ayiravebul mZimeebiviT, zogan
patara wreebi SuagulSi Casmuli wertiliT. sazedao asoebi didi
`gaqanebiTaa~ Sesrulebuli _ yvela ornamentirebulia, didi, zogi Zalian
didic _ yvelas kidurebi xiStebiviT aqvs, asos moxazuloba horizon-
taluri `TaroebiTa~ da burTulebiTaa danawevrebuli, zogs foTlebi
ebmis, zogan (sadac Sekruli moxazulobaa) adamianis saxea Caxatuli.
aris sazedao asoebi, romlebSiac mTeli sityvaa Cawerili, sxvagan mTeli
60

sityva gadaxlarTuli sazedao asoebiTaa naweri. sazedao asoebi Tavisi
kudebiTa da xiStebiT xSirad iWreba teqstSi.
arSiebi farToa da zed uamravi sqolioa gamotanili: yvela
wvriladaa naweri, ise, rom teqsti raRac figurebs qmnis Tavisi ganla-
gebiT. zogan ganlageba martivia, safexurebiviT. magram erTgan (furc. 181)
arSiaze melniT adamianis figuris mTeli konturia Semoxazuli da
sqolios teqsti am konturs avsebs. am kacs saxe daxatuli aqvs da
gverdiT aweria: `mamai jerasime~. nikras fantaziisaTvis damaxasiaTe-
belia, rom jerasime cali xeliT yavarjens eyrdnoba, meoreSi ki uWiravs
patara sazedao aso, romliTac am gverdis teqsti iwyeba. ramdensame
adgilas sqolios teqsti jvarisebr figurebs qmnis, gvxvdeba arwivisa da
mamlis moxazulobaSi Cawerili sqolioebi, erTgan ki TxisTaviani kacis
konturSi (am fantastikur kacs aweria `vackaci~) 61 . amis gamo gverdebis
gaformeba dinamikuria, nikraÁ TiTqos sul ver egueboda verafers
mSvidsa da statikurs.
yvela es naxati mxolod kalmiTaa Sesrulebuli. nikraÁ kaligrafi
ki yofila, magram profesionali mxatvari ara. misi naxatebi ufro
xalxuri Semoqmedebis nimuSebia. am ucnauri wignis furclebze TiTqos
xalxuri zRaprebis fantazia da xalxuri iumoric kia SemoWrili.
iSviaTad Tu moiZebneba xelnaweri, romelSiac gadamweris
individualoba ase mkafiod, uSualod da gulubryvilod Candes~ (beriZe
1967: 193-194) 62 .
61 nikoloz nikrais mier H-1669-is aSiebze Sesrulebuli naxatebidan, amjerad, mxolod
TxisTaviani adamianis gamosaxulebas (159r) gamovyofT. naxats axlavs minaweri _
`vackaci~. ueWvelia, rom aq nikrais gamosaxuli hqonda qarTuli miTologiuri
personaJi, nadirTmfarveli RvTaeba oCokoCi, igive vackaci. rogorc cnobilia,
qarTuli zepirgadmocemebis oCokoCs, ise, rogorc Ven.4-is vackacs sxeulis erTi
naxevari vacisa (mamali Txis) aqvs, xolo meore naxevari _ adamianisa (macaberiZe ...
1984: 623). es naxati mxolod eTnologebisaTvis ar aris saintereso. mas didi
mniSvneloba aqvs qarTuli monasticizmis istoriisaTvisac. marTlac, XII saukuneSi,
garejeli mwignobari beris mier mis mier gadawerili xelnaweris aSiaze warmarTuli
miTologiuri personaJis gamosaxvis faqti, nebismieri mizandasaxulobis SemTxvevaSi,
mniSvnelovan Strixs warmoadgens Sua saukuneebis qarTuli asketuri azrovnebisaTvis.
62 vaxtang beriZis mier Sedgenili es teqsti, praqtikulad, ucvleli saxiT, oRond avtorze
miTiTebis gareSe, Setanilia 2007 wels dabeWdil `saqarTvelos marTlmadidebeli
eklesiis enciklopediur leqsikonSi~ (nikrai ... 2007). amave teqstis Semiklebuli
varianti, agreTve, avtorze miTiTebis gareSe, dabeWdilia `qarTuli sabWoTa enciklopediis~
me-7 tomSic: `nikrai, XII an XIII ss. qarTveli kaligrafi. gadauweria ioane
sinelis e. w. klemaqsi, r-ic XI s-Si berZnulidan Targmna eqvTime mTawmidelma. xelnaweri
nusxuria, wers yavisferi melniT, or svetad, naweria mousvenari xeliT, Zneli
61

garejuli krebulis aSiebze daculia XIV-XIX saukuneebSi
Sesrulebuli asze meti minaweris teqsti. maTi erTi nawili saSualebas
gvaZlevs, Tvali gavadevnoT Ven.4-is Tavgadasavls aRniSnul periodSi. am
mizniT, garejuli krebulis kolofonebidan sagangebod gamovyofT
ramdenime teqsts.
Ven.4-is 305r-s zeda naxevrze, Savi feris melniT Sesrulebulia
zemoT ukve araerTgzis naxsenebi urbneli mTavarepiskoposis vlase
saakasZis vrceli nusxuri minaweris teqsti:
`d(id)eb(a)Á R(merTs)a srulmyofelsa y(ovl)isa k{e}Tilis(a)sa. Rirs
v|iqmen me, urbn(e)l mT(a)v(a)rebisk(o)p(o)si vlasi, Seka|zmad w(mid)isa amis
wignisa `s(a)natr(e)lisa~, r(ameTu) J(a)mTa sig|rZis(a)g(a)n g(a)nryunil da
uÃmar qmniliyo da C(ue)n | axl(a)d, brZ(a)n(e)biTa da j{e}rCin{e}biTa m(a)misa
C(ue)nisa, t|filel mT(a)v(a)rebisk(o)posisa b(a)rn(a)b(a)ÁsiTa, Ãel|vy(a)v
Sek(a)zm(a)d sal(o)cvel(a)d c(o)dvilisa s(u)lisa | C(em)isa da c(o)dv(a)Ta
C(e)mTa Ses(a)nd(o)b(e)l(a)d da y(ovel)Ta C(ue)n|Ta T(Â)sTa da n{a}TesavTa
micv{a}l(e)b(u)lTa S(e)s(a)nd(o)b|el(a)d da aw, g(eve)dr(e)bi y(ovel)Ta,
r(omel)nica ikiTxÂdiT w(midas)a | am(a)s wignsa, r(aÁT)a Ãs(e)n(e)b(u)l
v(i)qmn(e)b(o)deT w(mida)Ta | S(in)a l(o)c(ua)Ta Tq(ue)nTa, r(aÁT)a Tq(ue)nca
moiRoT s(a)syide|li uxuvad mimniWeblisa mi(s)s y(ovel)Ta
R(mrT)is(a)g(a)n | da erTobiT Rirs viqmnneT s(a)s(u)f(eve)lsa c(a)Tasa, a(me)n.
| l(o)c(u)a y(a)vT m(a)misa b(a)rn(a)b(a)s(a)T(Â)s da C(ue)n s(u)lierTa
Z|maTaT(Â)s da C(e)m, c(o)dvilisa vlases(a)T(Â)s, r(omelma)n | w(mida)Á ese
wigni Sevhkazme. mr(a)v(a)li Wiri v|ixile, o(Âfalma)n uwyis. | Seikazma
w(mida)Á ese wigni q(roni)k(o)nsa snÀE(1570 w.)~ (feraZe 2004: 164-165).
rogorc vxedavT, minaweris teqstSi moxseniebulia ori sasuliero
piri: kolofonis damweri urbneli mTavarepiskoposi vlase da Tbileli
mTavarepiskoposi barnaba. minaweridan cnobili xdeba isic, rom vlase
urbnels barnaba Tbilelis brZanebiT, safuZvlianiad ganuaxlebia
garejuli krebuli, romelic im droisaTvis dazianebuli da
sakiTxavia; sazedao asoebi ornamentiTaa Semkuli, kidurebi wvetiani aqvs, zog asos
foToli ebmis, zogan adamianis saxea CarTuli, isini xSirad teqstSiac iWrebian. StabeWdileba
iseTia, TiTqos am ucnauri wignis furclebze zRaprebis fantazia da xalxuri
iumoric ki SemoWrila. iSviaTia xelnaweri, sadac kaligrafis individualoba ase
uSualod da gulibryvilod iCendes Tavs~ (nikrai ... 1984).
62

xmarebisaTvis gamousadegari yofila. kolofonis bolos miTiTebulia
misi daweris dro _ qronikoni snÀE(258) anu qristeSobidan 1570 weli
(1312+258=1570 w.).
minaweris teqstSi moxseniebuli qarTveli mRvdelmTavrebisa da maTi
saqmianobis Sesaxeb sakmaod mravalricxovani cnobebia daculi qarTul
werilobiT ZeglebSi.
daviwyoT vlase urbneliT. mas CvenTvis cnobil werilobiT wyaro-
ebSi pirvelad XVI saukunis 60-ian wlebSi vxvdebiT. usaneTis wm. giorgis
xatis 1563 wlis axlo xanebiT daTariRebul warweraSi vkiTxulobT: `q.
niqozels vlasis da mSobelTa misTa (?) S(eundv)en R(merTma)n, a(mi)n~
(qaragmis gaxsna da punqtuacia Cvenia) (Jordania 1897: 404).
Tedo Jordanias samarTliani varaudiT, vlasi niqozeli da vlase
urbneli erTi da igive piri unda iyos. mkvlevris dakvirvebiT, vlase
Tavdapirvelad niqozeli mRvdelmTavari iyo, mogvianebiT ki urbneli
mTavarepiskoposis kaTedra daikava (Jordania 1897: 404).
1566 wels qarTlis mefe svimon I-ma (1556-1569, 1578-1599 ww.) urbnisis
taZars ganuaxla mamis, mefe luarsab I-is (1527-1556 ww.) Sewiruleba. mefem
sigeli urbnel mTavarepiskopos vlases uboZa (kldiaSvili ... 1993: 195).
aRniSnul sabuTSi vlase moxseniebulia, rogorc `kaci zecisa da
angelozi queyanisa~ (Jordania 1897: 407). vfiqrobT, aqedan, naTlad Cans,
rom vlase urbneli am droisaTvis ukve didad pativdebuli sasuliero
moRvawe iyo.
vlase urbnelis Sesaxeb momdevno cnobebi 1570 wels ganekuTvneba.
rogorc irkveva, igi am droisaTvis ierusalimSi imyofeboda da wmida
miwaze daculi qarTuli xelnawerebis aRdgena-ganaxlebisaTvis iRwvoda.
vlase urbnelis wmida miwaze Casvlis Sesaxeb sayuradRebo cnobebs
gvawvdis barnaba Tbilelis mier ierusalimis jvris qarTvelTa
monastris kuTvnili `marxvanis~ aSiaze Sesrulebuli erTi kolofoni:
`Seikazma w(mid)a ese da sulTa ganmanaTlebeli `marxvani~ ÃeliTa urbni-
selisa mT(avare)p(is)k(opo)zisa vlasisiTa da ÃeliTa Cem codvilisa
mT(avare)p(is)k(opo)zisa barnabaÁsiTa... q(oroni)k(on)s snÀE(1570 w.)... amave
qoronikonsa movediT CuÀnca saqarTuÀloÁT~ (qaragmis gaxsna Cvenia _ T. j.)
(cagareli 1888: 168-169).
63

amrigad, vigebT, rom vlase urbneli wmida miwaze Cavida 1570 wels,
Tbilel mTavarepiskopos barnabasTan erTad. Cvens xelT arsebuli
masalidan irkveva, rom vlase urbnelma wmida miwaze yofnis dros Svidi
qarTuli xelnaweri wigni gaacxovela 63 .
aqedan, vlase urbnelma ori xelnaweri ganaaxla barnaba TbilelTan
erTad. esenia: `marxvani~ (cagareli 1888: 168-169) da `metafrasi~ (cagareli
1894: 51; mari 1955: 79-81). rac Seexeba danarCen xuT xelnawers, maT
restavraciaze vlase urbneli damoukideblad muSaobda. es xelnawerebia:
`TTvenis~ ori nusxa (cagareli 1888: 182; mefariSvili 1949: 231-232;
cagareli 1888: 166), `svinaqsari~ (Jordania 1897: 522-526; metreveli 1950: 82-
86), `Targmaneba ioanes saxarebisa~ (cagareli 1888: 186-188; Jordania 1892:
177-179) da oTxTavi (TayaiSvili 1991: 293-296).
Sesrulebuli samuSaos safasuri vlase urbnels jvris monastris
salarodan eZleoda. mas gasamrjelos uSualod barnaba Tbileli
uxdida, romelic, imavdroulad, ierusalimis jvris qarTvelTa
monastris winamZRvari anu jvaris mama iyo. aRniSnuli viTareba naTlad
aris aRwerili vlase urbnelis mier Sesrulebuli erT-erTi kolofonis
teqstSi: `Seikazma Ã(e)liTa urbnel mT(avarepis)k(opo)zisa vlasisaTa da
brZ(a)nebiTa, jer-CinebiTa da T(an)aSewevniTa tfilel mT(avarepis)k(o-
po)zisa da j(uar)is m(a)misa barnabasiTa... x(olo) xarji wignTa saZm(o)T da
samonastro iyvis, ara x(olo) mis wignisa, a(rame)d y(ovel)Ta wignTa,
ravdenica Seikazma Ã(e)liTa C(ue)niTa da m(a)misag(a)n moviRebdiT racaÁ
gÂÃmdis~ (qaragmis gaxsna Cvenia _ T. j.) (mari 1955: 80-81).
vlase urbnelis mier ganaxlebuli xelnawerebis kolofonebi
gvamcnoben, rom mRvdelmTavarma sami wigni 1570 wels gaacxovela. esenia:
`marxvani~ (cagareli 1888: 168-169), `svinaqsari~ (Jordania 1897: 522-526;
metreveli 1950: 82-86) da `Targmaneba ioanes saxarebisa~ (cagareli 1888:
186-188).
vlase urbnelis mier aRdgenili kidev sami xelnaweris kolofonebs
TariRi ar uzis. es xelnawerebia: `metafrasi~ (cagareli 1894: 51; mari
63 1936 (?) wels wmida miwaze myofma grigol feraZem sagangebod daZebna vlase urbnelis
mier ganaxlebuli xelnawerebi da maTgan, mxolod sam wigns miakvlia. mkvlevris TqmiT,
es xelnawerebi jvris monastris qarTul xelnawerTa aleqsandre cagareliseul
`aRwerilobaSi~ Setanili iyo, rogorc #77, #141 da #145 nusxebi (feraZe 1940: 227).
64

1955: 79-81), `Tvenis~ erT-erTi nusxa (cagareli 1888: 166) da oTxTavi
(TayaiSvili 1991: 236-297. 293-296). miuxedavad amisa, safiqrebelia, rom
urbnelma mRvdelmTavarma es xelnawerebi, pirveli sami wignis msgavsad,
agreTve, 1570 wels gaacxovela.
calke saubris Temaa XI saukunis `TTvenis~ kolofoni (cagareli
1888: 182; mefariSvili 1949: 231). am teqstSi miTiTebuli qronikoni
aleqsandre cagarelma waikiTxa, rogorc sni (1572 w.) da xelnaweris
aRdgenis faqti, Sesabamisad, 1572 wliT daaTariRa (cagareli 1888: 182).
garda amisa, mkvlevarma gaiTvaliswina vlase urbnelis mier aRdgenil
sxva xelnawerTa kolofonebSi miTiTebuli TariRi _ 1570 weli da vlase
urbnelis wmida miwaze yofnis dro 1570-1572 wlebiT gansazRvra
(cagareli 1888: 64, 169, 182, 261).
mogvianebiT aleqsandre cagarelis mier SemoTavazebuli
qronologia upirobod gaiziara mkvlevarTa erTma nawilma da vlase
urbnelis wmida miwaze moRvaweoba, agreTve, 1570-1572 wlebiT daaTariRa
(TayaiSvili 1991: 295; feraZe 1940: 227).
kidev ufro mogvianebiT, 1949 wels akademiuri saxiT gamoica
zemoxsenebuli `TTvenis~ kolofonis teqsti. rogorc am publikaciidan
irkveva, minawers TariRad dasmuli aqvs ara qronikoni sni (1572 w.),
aramed _ qronikoni snÀE(1570 w.) (mefariSvili 1949: 231). Sesabamisad, cxadi
xdeba isic, rom vlase urbnels XI saukunis `TTveni~, danarCeni Svidi
xelnaweris msgavsad, gacxovelebuli hqonda ara 1572 wels, rogorc amas
fiqrobda aleqsandre cagareli, aramed _ 1570 wels.
aRniSnuli monacemis gaTvaliswinebiT, avtomaturad viwrovdeba
vlase urbnelis ierusalimSi moRvaweobis qronologiac da sabolood
dgindeba, rom Cvenamde moRweuli werilobiTi cnobebis mixedviT,
urbneli mRvdelmTavari wmida miwaze imyofeboda ara sami wlis
ganmavlobaSi anu 1570-1572 wlebSi, rogorc es aqamde iyo miRebuli,
aramed mxolod erTi wlis manZilze _ 1570 wels.
dasasrul, sagangebod unda SevexoT parizis nacionaluri
biblioTekis qarTul xelnawerTa fondSi daculi XIII saukunis oTxTavis
erT-erT kolofons, romelic Zvirfas cnobebs gvawvdis vlase urbnelis
65

iografiis Sesaxeb. kerZod, minaweri gvamcnobs, rom vlase urbneli
gvarad saakahsZe||saakasZe iyo (TayaiSvili 1991: 236-297, 295).
aRniSnuli cnoba gansakuTrebiT saintereso unda iyos saakaZeTa
feodaluri saxlis istoriiT dainteresebul mkvlevrebisaTvis. marTlac,
Cvens mier motanili masalidan naTlad Cans, rom saakaZeTa sagvareulo
saxli XVI saukunis Sua xanebisaTvis sakmaod dawinaurebuli iyo
sasuliero asparezze. am feodaluri ojaxis erT-erTi warmomadgeneli _
vlase, qarTlis samefos umaRles sasuliero wres miekuTvneboda. is 1560-
iani wlebis I naxevarSi niqozeli mRvdelmTavris kaTedras ganagebda,
xolo mogvianebiT, XVI saukunis 60-iani wlebis II naxevarsa da 1570-iani
wlebis dasawyisSi ukve urbneli mTavarepiskoposis wodebas flobda.
vlase urbnelis msgavsad, sakmaod mravalricxovani cnobebi
mogvepoveba barnaba Tbilelis Sesaxebac. es ukanaskneli mRvdelmTavris
xarisxis miRebamde, savaraudod, qarTlis erT-erTi monastris
winamZRvari da samefo karis mwignobari iyo. marTlac, barnaba mdivan-
winamZRvrad iwodeba mis mier Sedgenil mefe svimon I-is 1561 wlis
sigelSi (kldiaSvili ... 1991: 461).
XVI saukunis 60-iani wlebis meore naxevrisaTvis barnaba ukve
tfileli mTavarepiskoposis kaTedras ganagebda. miuxedavad amisa, igi
qarTlis samefo kars Zveleburad uwevda mdivan-mwignobris samsaxurs.
misi xeliT aris naweri svimon I-is mier sveticxovlisaTvis micemuli 1566
wlis Sewirulebis wigni (Jordania 1897: 408; kldiaSvili ... 1991: 461), imave
mefe svimonis mier qvaTaxevis monastrisaTvis boZebuli 1567 wlis sigeli
(Jordania 1897: 408-409; kldiaSvili ... 1991: 461) da sxva.
1570 wels barnaba Tbileli vlase urbnelTan erTad wmida miwaze
Cavida (cagareli 1888: 168-169). am droisaTvis mas Tbilisis mTavarepis-
koposobis garda, ierusalimis jvris qarTvelTa monastris winamZRvroba
anu jvaris mamobac hqonda miRebuli. 1570 wels ganaxlebuli
`metafrasis~ minawerSi vkiTxulobT: `Seikazma w(mida)Á ese metaÃrasti
(sic) ... Ã(e)liTa urbnel mT(avarepis)k(opo)zisa vlasisaTa da brZ(a)nebiTa,
jer-CinebiTa da T(an)a SewevniTa tfilel mT(avarepis)k(opo)zisa da
j(uar)is m(a)misa barnabasiTa~ (qaragmis gaxsna Cvenia _ T. j.) (mari 1955:
80). igives gvamcnobs sakuTriv barnaba Tbilelis mier aRdgenili `mamaTa
66

swavlanis~ kolofonic: `movacxovele wm(ida) ese wigni equsTa dReTa me,
c(odvilma)n pir(ue)l tfilelman da aw j(uari)sa cx(ove)lisa
monastrisa winamZR(uarma)n, uR(irsma)n barnaba{man}~ (qaragmis gaxsna
Cvenia _ T. j.) (cagareli 1888: 180) 64 .
wmida miwaze yofnisas barnaba Tbilelma fasdaudebeli samsaxuri
gauwia ierusalimis qarTul kolonias. rogorc zemoT vnaxeT, 1570 wels
vlase urbnelma misi brZanebiT, Svidi qarTuli xelnaweri wigni
gaacxovela. sagulisxmoa, rom barnaba Tbileli uSualod monawileobda
xelnawerebis aRdgena-ganxlebis procesSi. man vlase urbnelTan erTad,
ori xelnaweri gaacxovela: `marxvani~ (cagareli 1888: 168-169) da
`metafrasi~ (cagareli 1894: 51; mari 1955: 79-81). garda amisa, barnaba
Tbilelma damoukideblad aRadgina kidev ori xelnaweri: `giorgi
mTawmidelis cxovreba~ (Jordania 1892: 124; bregaZe ... 1959b: 409-411) da
`mamaTa swavlani~ (cagareli 1888: 180).
barnaba Tbileli, savaraudod, maleve dabrunda ierusalimidan. 1573
wels is ukve saqarTveloSi iyo da niqozis taZrisaTvis sigelsac werda.
sargis kakabaZis azriT, es sabuTi barnaba Tbilelis naTesavebis _
Tmogvel-ujarmel favnelisSvilebis mier unda iyos gacemuli. mkvlevari
sigelze dayrdnobiT, imasac SeniSnavs, rom 1573 wlisaTvis niqozis
saydari favnelisSvilTa sagvareulo saZvale iyo (kakabaZe 1913: 6-9).
is faqti, rom barnaba Tbileli gvarad favnelisSvili iyo, aranair
eWvs ar iwvevs. winarexis yovladwmida RmrTismSoblis taZris saqtitoro
warweraSi vkiTxulobT: `saxeliTa R(mr)TisaÁTa da meoxebiTa wmi-
disa sionisa R(mr)TismSobelisaTa, Rirs viqmen me, codvili tfile-
li mTavarepiskopozi barnaba favnelisSvili, aRSenebad wmidisa
amis eklesiisa, salocvelad da sadidebelad mefeTmefisa sÂmeonisaTÂs
da salxinebelad codvilisa sulisa CemisaTÂs, qoronikons sov (1588 w.),
64 calke msjelobis sagania barnaba Tbilelis jvris mamobis qronologiuri mimarTeba
winamZRvar epifanes jvaris mamobasTan, romelic, am wodebas, elene metrevelis
dakvirvebiT, 1567-1593 wlebSi atarebda (metreveli 1962: 37-39). sainteresoa, Tu zemoT
motanili 1570 wlis kolofonebis Sesrulebis dros jvaris mamobas barnaba Tbileli
flobda, maSin amave periodSi, ufro zustad ki, 1567-1593 wlebSi, jvaris mamis wodebas
rogorRa atarebda winamZRvari epifane? samwuxarod, aRniSnuli sakiTxi sakmaod
scildeba Cveni amJamindeli interesebis sferos. amitomac aq metad aRar SevCerdebiT
masze da am sakiTxis Seswavlas samomavlod movubrundebiT.
67

dasabamiTgan Ã[o] (1466 (?) w.)~ (qaragmis gaxsna Cvenia _ T. j.). (beriZe 1943:
606-607).
Cveni dakvirvebiT, swored sagvareulo warmomavlobiT unda aixsnas
barnaba Tbilelis gansakuTrebuli yuradReba niqozis saydrisadmi.
cnobilia, rom barnaba Tbilelma ierusalimidan Camoitana da niqozis
taZars Seswira 978 wlis qarTuli xelnaweri wigni (Jordania 1892: 123-124;
SaraSiZe 1948: 292-293).
Tedo Jordanias dakvirvebiT, barnaba Tbilelma ierusalimidan
saqarTveloSi Camoitana kidev erTi xelnaweri _ wm. giorgi mTawmidelis
`cxovreba~ (Jordania 1892: 124). Cven ar viziarebT aRniSnul mosazrebas.
daviwyoT imiT, rom wm. giorgi mTawmidelis `cxovrebis~ 88r-ze
Sesrulebulia ori nusxuri minaweri: 1. `RmerTo, Seiwyale imereli
batoniSvili nino~ da 2. `ufalo, Seiwyale monazoni f(e)br(o)nia,
a(me)n, a(me)n~ (teqstis gamarTva da qaragmis gaxsna Cvenia _ T. j.) (bregaZe
... 1959b: 411).
am kolofonebSi dasaxelebuli pirebi moxseniebuli arian garejuli
krebulis aSiebze daculi sami minaweris teqstSic. Cven qvemoT
dawvrilebiT ganvixilavT am minawerebTan dakavSirebul sakiTxebs. aq ki
mxolod imas SevniSnavT, rom Ven.4-is es kolofonebi Sesrulebulia
XVIII saukunis I naxevarSi, wmida miwaze myofi guruli monazonis
febronia xevariZis mier. rogorc irkveva, monazonma febroniam
ierusalimSi yofnis dros sakuTari kolofonebi adgilobriv eklesiebsa
Tu monastrebSi dacul sxva qarTul xelnawerebsac daurTo. savaraudod,
am xelnawerTagan erT-erTi iyo zemoxsenebuli wm. giorgi mTawmidelis
`cxovreba~.
Tu Cveni msjeloba sworia da es marTlac ase Cans, maSin irkveva,
rom Tedo Jordanias mier naxsenebi wm. giorgi mTawmidelis `cxovreba~
wmida miwidan saqarTveloSi Camotanili iyo ara 1570-ian wlebSi, barnaba
Tbilelis mier, aramed gacilebiT ufro gvian, savaraudod, XVIII-XIX
saukuneebSi, vinme ucnobi piris mier. yovel SemTxvevaSi, XVIII saukunis I
naxevarSi, monazon febronias ierusalimSi yofnis dros, wm. giorgi
mTawmidelis `cxovreba~ jer kidev wmida miwaze iyo daculi.
68

davubrundeT barnaba Tbilels, romelmac saqarTveloSi dabrunebis
Semdegac aqtiurad gaagrZela wmida miwis qarTul savaneebze zrunva. 1586
wels man sakuTari xeliT Seadgina kaxeTis mefis aleqsandre II-is (1574-
1605 ww.) mier ierusalimis jvris monastrisaTvis micemuli abreSumis
Sewirulebis wigni (kldiaSvili ... 1991: 461).
imavdroulad, barnaba Tbileli nayofierad iRwvoda sakuTari
eparqiis qonebrivi gaZlierebisaTvisac. 1580 wels man javaxiSvilebs
mcire saboZvari misca, sanacvlod ki maTgan, Tbilisis sionis
taZrisaTvis sami yma miiRo: mamula, batkua da daTua arjevanasSvilebi
(kldiaSvili ... 1991: 461). manve 1592 wels TanRria baidrisSvilisagan
SeiZina yma-mamuli da isic Tbilisis sionis taZars Seswira (kldiaSvili
... 1991: 461). calke aRniSvnis Rirsia barnaba Tbilelis mier 1588 wels
winarexis eklesiis agebis faqti, romelic SemdgomSi Tbileli mRvdel-
mTavrebis umTavresi sadgomi iyo Sida qarTlSi (beriZe 1943: 606-607).
barnaba Tbileli aqtiurad monawileobda qarTlis samefos
sazogadoebriv-politikur cxovrebaSic. misi xeliT aris naweri
ufliswul ramaz-yofili romanozis mier qvaTaxevis monastrisaTvis
micemuli 1580 wlis sigeli (Jordania 1897: 419; kldiaSvili ... 1991: 461),
iese-xanis mier siauS saakaZisaTvis boZebuli 1580 wlis wyalobis wigni
(kldiaSvili ... 1991: 461) da sxv. barnaba tfileli, CvenTvis cnobil
werilobiT wyaroebSi, ukanasknelad, 1592 wlis sigelSi ixsenieba
(kldiaSvili ... 1991: 461).
wmida miwaze myofi vlase urbnelisa da barnaba tfilelis
erToblivi sarestavracio saqmianobis Sesaxeb sayuradRebo cnobebs
gvawvdis barnaba Tbilelis mier Sesrulebuli erT-erTi kolofoni:
`Seikazma w(mid)a ese da sulTa ganmanaTlebeli `marxvani~ ÃeliTa
urbniselisa mT(avare)p(is)k(opo)zisa vlasisiTa da ÃeliTa Cem, codvelisa
tfilel mT(avare)p(is)k(opo)zisa barnabaÁsiTa, esre saxed, romel: me
vacxovlebd da daklebulsa davswerd da dafarulsa ganvacxadebd, xolo
igi hkazmavn da hkravn da ornive zogad viWirvodiT, ara xolo amis
wignisa, [aramed] y(ove)l(i)ve wignTa raodenica axlad ganvakeTeT~
(qaragmis gaxsna Cvenia _ T. j.) (cagareli 1888: 168-169).
69

daaxloebiT igives gvamcnobs vlase urbnelic: `Seikazma w(mida)Á ese
metaÃrasti... Ã(e)liTa urbn(is)el mT(avarepis)k(opo)zisa vlasisaTa da
brZ(a)nebiTa, jer-CinebiTa da T(an)a SewevniTa tfilel mT(avarepis)k(o-
po)zisa da j(uar)is m(a)misa barnabasiTa. r(ameTu) me Sekrvasa da Sekazma-
sa viRuwid, x(olo) igi dabneleb(u)lTa m(a)T da uÃmar qmnilTa asoTa
g(a)naaxlebn da daRaTu akln werili, daswern da sr(u)l hyofn da esreT
zogad viWirvodeT da vSurebodeT~ (qaragmis gaxsna Cvenia _ T. j.) (mari
1955: 80).
rogorc vxedavT, ama Tu im xelnaweris erToblivi aRdgena-
ganaxlebisas vlase urbneli sakuTriv xelnaweris Sekvra-SekazmviT iyo
dakavebuli, barnaba tfileli ki Selaxul teqsts acxovelebda. es arc
aris gasakviri. es ukanaskneli xom daxelovnebuli kaligrafi iyo da
rogorc zemoT vnaxeT, qarTlis samefoSi xSirad mdivan-mwignobris
movaleobasac asrulebda.
calke saubris Temaa maT mier damoukideblad ganaxlebuli
xelnawerebi. vlase urbnelma am gziT aRadgina xuTi wigni, xolo barnaba
tfilelma _ ori xelnaweri. safiqrebelia, rom am SemTxvevaSi,
mRvdelmTavrebi Tavad asrulebdnen rogorc wignis Sekvra-SekazmvasTan,
ise teqstis ganxleba-gacxovelebasTan dakavSirebul sarestavracio
samuSaoebs.
Cveni dakvirvebiT, vlase urbnelisa da barnaba Tbilelis mier wmida
miwaze restavrirebul qarTul xelnawer wignebs Soris, usaTuod unda
igulisxmebodes garejuli krebulic. aqve, gasaTvaliswinebelia isic,
rom Ven.4-is kolofonSi xelnaweris ganmacxovelebelad moxseniebulia
ara orive mRvdelmTavari, aramed mxolod urbneli mTavrepiskoposi
vlase. rogorc Cans, garejuli krebulis restavraciiT uSualod vlase
urbneli iyo dakavebuli, barnaba Tbileli ki mas raime sxva saxiT
uwevda am saqmeSi Tanadgomas.
amrigad, vfiqrobT, ar SevcdebiT, Tuki davaskvniT, rom vlase
urbnelisa da barnaba Tbilelis wmida miwaze yofnis Jams anu 1570 wels,
Ven.4 garejidan ukve ierusalimSi iyo gadatanili da erT-erTi
adgilobrivi qarTuli eklesiisa Tu monastris sakuTrebas warmoadgenda.
70

vlase urbnelis mier garejuli krebulis aSiaze Sesrulebuli
kolofoni xelnaweris wmida miwaze moxvedris TariRis garda, sxva
saintereso cnobasac gvawvdis Ven.4-is kodikologiis Sesaxeb. rogorc
misi teqstidan irkveva, 1160 wels gadawerili garejuli krebuli XVI
saukunis II naxevrisaTvis ukve Zalzed dazianebuli iyo da sakiTxavad
aRar gamoiyeneboda. xelnaweris aRdgena-ganaxlebis saqmes urbnelma
mTavarepiskoposma vlase saakasZem mohkida xeli, vinac 1570 wels
Tbileli mTavarepiskoposis barnaba favnelisSvilis brZanebiT,
safuZvlianad gaacxovela, misive sityvebiT rom vTqvaT, `Sekazma~ `JamTa
sigrZisagan ganryunili da uÃmar qmnili~ garejuli krebuli.
vlase urbnelis mier Sesrulebuli 1570 wlis minaweris ganxilvis
Semdeg Cven kvlav vubrundebiT garejuli krebulis kolofonebs da
maTgan sagangebod gamovyofT kidev erTi minaweris teqsts, romelic
saSualebas gvaZlevs, ufro metad davazustoT Ven.4-is wmida miwaze
moxvedris TariRi.
mxedvelobaSi gvaqvs xelnaweris 120r-s marjvena aSiaze, pawawina
nusxuri asoebiT Sesrulebuli savedrebeli minaweri, romelic Semdegi
saxiT ikiTxeba:
`vaÁ, me, y(ovl)iT | c(o)dviT | savsesa | ambr(o)s(e)s. | o(Âfal)o i(es)Â
q(rist)e, | moixsene s(ul)i | p(a)tr(o)nisi qa|ixosrosi | wy(a)lobiT |
s(a)s(u)f(e)v(e)lsa | S(e)nsa~ (feraZe 2004: 181).
rogorc vxedavT, savedrebelSi moxseniebulia vinme patroni qaixosro
da kolofonis damweri ambrose. dasaxelebuli pirebis vinaoba da maTi
moRvaweoba qarTuli istoriografiisaTvis kargad aris cnobili. kerZod,
patroni qaixosro aris Tavisi drois gamoCenili politikuri moRvawe, sam-
cxis aTabagi qaixosro I (1498-1500 ww.), romlis Sesaxebac XV-XVI sauku-
neebis qarTul da ucxour wyaroebSi mravalricxovani cnobebia daculi.
XV-XVI saukuneebis saqarTvelos istoriis erT-erTi TvalsaCino
figuraa ambrosec. es ukanaskneli CvenTvis cnobil werilobiT wyaroebSi
pirvelad XV saukunis 90-ian wlebSi ixsenieba. am droisaTvis samcxis
aTabagis karze aRzrdili ambrose ukve daxelovnebuli mxatvar-
kaligrafi iyo. man 1494 wels gadawera da mdidrulad Seamko
`fsalmunis~ erT-erTi nusxa. xelnaweris anderZSi vkiTxulobT: `gaTavdes
71

qoronikonsa rpb (1494 w.), aprilsa ke (25) ÃeliTa friad codvilisa
mwerlisa ambrosesiTa~ (bregaZe ... 1985: 70).
1500 wels aTabagi qaixosro I gardaicvala da samcxis mTavari misi
Zma, mzeWabuki (1500-1515 ww.) gaxda. axladaRsaydrebulma aTabagma
gadawyvita, aRmosavleT saqristianos samonastro centrebisaTvis aTabag
qaixosro I-is sulis mosaxsenieblad mdidruli Sewiruloba gaegzavna da
am saqmis aRsruleba ambroses daavala (menabde 1980: 50, 112, 226).
ambrose Tavdapirvelad aTonis mTaze gaemgzavra. aTonis
RmrTismSoblis qarTvelTa monastris saaRape wignis #162-e CanawerSi
vkiTxulobT: `Semdgomad amisa me, savaglaxo, aRzrdili kurTxeulisa da
suldidebulisa patronis qaixosrosi, ambrosi warmomavlina patronman,
Zmaman maTman mzeWabuk sruliad saberZneTad, iÀrusalems da sinasca
mravliTa s[a]qonliTa, dauwyeT gacema trapiz[o]ntiT kost[a]ntipolemdis
da kost[a]ntipoliTgan vidre ama wmidasa mTamde~ (metreveli 1998: 185).
amave saaRape wignis #163-e Canaweridan vigebT, rom ambrosem Tavadac
didi Rvawli dasdo aTonis qarTvelTa monasters: `egreTve aRzrdili
patronis qaixosrosi ambrosi didad Seewia ama mon[a]stersa, portaitisa
RmrTismSoblisa xati moWeda mZimed, missave ekklesiasa zeda pirRo
aRaSena da ga[a]magra TofiTa da sauZlure aRaSena misiT akazmulobiTa
da Romato metoqi misiT[a] wyalobiTa aSenda~ (metreveli 1998: 186).
aRniSnuli samsaxuris sanacvlod, samonastro Zmobam ambroses wirva-
locva da aRapi gauCina. sagulisxmoa, rom ambrosem zemoxsenebuli Canawe-
rebi sakuTari xeliT Seitana monastris saaRape wignSi (sxirtlaZe 1994: 11).
1990-ian wlebSi xelovnebismcodne zaza sxirtlaZem gamoTqva
mosazreba, rom ambrosem aTonze yofnis Jams sakuTari xeliT moWeda
portaitis yovladwmida RmrTismSoblis xatis perangi (sxirtlaZe 1994:
19-20). Tu mkvlevris dakvirveba sworia, maSin irkveva, rom mxatvar-
kaligrafi ambrose Cinebuli oqromWedelic yofila.
aTonidan ambrose ierusalims gaemgzavra da adgilobriv sasuliero
centrebs aTabag mzeWabukis mier gamogzavnili Sewiruloba dauriga.
wmida miwaze Catanili Sewirulobis mniSvnelovani nawili ierusalimis
jvris qarTvelTa monasters gardacvlili qaixosro I-is salocavad
gadaeca. aRniSnuli ambebi gadmocemulia jvris monastris aRapebis e. w.
72

tiSendorfiseul nusxaSi. am nusxis #90 aRapis teqstSi adgilobrivi
qarTveli moweseebi mogviTxroben: `Cuena, juarelTa ZmaTa da daÁTa da
sruliad saR(mr)T(o)man krebulman, davdeviT ese wigni patronsa aTabagsa
mzeWabuks, kurTxeulisa maTis Zmisa qaixosros sulisa samlocvelod.
diadi saqoneli gamoegzavna maTisa gazrdilisa ambroses ÃeliTa da
mTawmidas da srulad saberZneTSigan mravali gaeca, agreve, ama sauflo-
Ta da wmidaTa adgilTa moiRo~ (metreveli 1962: 77). miRebuli Sewiru-
lebis sanacvlod, jvris monasterSi aTabag qaixosro I-is mosaxsenieblad
wirva-locva da aRapi daaweses.
wmida miwaze myofma ambrosem jvris qarTvelTa monasters sakuTari
saxeliTac misca Sewiruleba, risTvisac adgilobrivma moweseebma
ambroses saxeli samonastro sulTa matianeSi Seitanes da mas
mosaxseniebeli ganuweses. jvris monastris saaRape wignis #90 Canaweris
bolos aRniSnulia: `agreve ese yulai misis ymis ambroses ÃeliTa isaqma
da mogÂvida da erTi Tasi Semoswira juars patiosansa da kosromeli
hkra da erTi Ãari iyida sameÃreosa, sapatio da ama yul(a)ÁsaTÂs matiane-
Sigan CavwereT da mosaÃsenebelSigan. ambroses da misT deda-mamaT Seun-
dvnes RmerTman. TxuTmeti fluri Sesavlad moguca~ (metreveli 1962: 77).
elene metrevelis azriT, #90 aRapis Sedgena da Sesabamisad, ambro-
ses ierusalims Casvla, 1501 wliT unda daTariRdes (metreveli 1962: 133-
134). dReisaTvis aRniSnuli mosazreba mTlianad aris gaziarebuli qar-
Tvel mkvlevarTa mier (menabde 1980: 50, 112, 226; sxirtlaZe 1994 da sxv.).
ambrose sakmaod didxans darCa wmida miwaze. ierusalimis jvris
monasterSi yofnis dros man oTxTavis gadawerac ki moaswro: `da aw, ese
saxarebaÁ aRiwera codvilisa ambrosisagan iÀrusalems, monastersa
juarisa patiosnisasa, sadidebelad RmrTisa, mamisa, ZisaÁ da sulisa
wmidisa da salocvelad suldidebulisa patronis qaixosrosTÂs~
(metreveli ... 1957: 98) 65 .
65 calke aRniSvnis Rirsia is faqti, rom rom ambroses yofnis araviTari kvali ar Cans
sinas mTaze. arada, aTonis qarTvelTa monastris saarape wignis #162 Canaweris
mixedviT, mas aTonisa da ierusalimis Semdeg, sinas mTis monastrebisaTvisac unda
Caetana Sewiruleba (96, 185). aRniSnul faqts yuradReba sagangebod miaqcia zaza
sxirtlaZem. misi dakvirvebiT, ierusalimSi myofma ambrosem raime mizezebis gamo,
mogzauroba Sewyvita da sinas mTaze aRar Cavida (sxirtlaZe 1994: 18).
73

Cveni dakvirvebiT, ambrosem garejuli krebuli swored wmida miwaze
yofnis dros anu 1501 wlis axloxanebSi moixila da sakuTari
savedrebelic maSin daurTo ierusalimis erT-erT qarTul eklesiasa Tu
monasterSi dacul am CvenTvis saintereso xelnawers.
Tu Cveni dakvirveba sworia da es marTlac ase Cans, maSin, irkveva,
rom Ven.4 garejidan wmida miwaze gadatanili iyo ara 1570 wels, rogorc
es zemoT gvqonda aRniSnuli, aramed gacilebiT ufro adre, jer kidev
1501 wlis axloxanebamde periodSi.
zemoT ganxiluli XVI saukunis ori minaweris garda, garejul
krebuls darTuli aqvs kidev erTi nusxuri minaweris teqsti, romelic,
erTi mxriv, srulebiT adasturebs ambrosesa da vlase urbnelis mier
dawerili kolofonebis cnobebs, xolo, meore mxriv, mniSvnelovnad
azustebs maT Cvenebas Ven.4-is wmida miwaze gadatanis qronologiis
Taobaze.
xsenebuli minaweri Sesrulebulia garejuli krebulis 18v-s qveda
aSiaze. melani alag-alag adgilas gadasulia, ris gamoc teqstis
ramdenime fragmenti SeuiaraRebeli TvaliT aRar ikiTxeba. aRniSnuli
dabrkolebis gadalaxvaSi didi daxmareba gagviwia venis nacionaluri
biblioTekis teqnikurma kabinetebma, sadac ultraiisfiri sxivebis
daxmarebiT, srulad amovikiTxeT kolofoni. mogvaqvs minaweris teqsti:
`q. saSinelo w(mida)no adg(i)lno da saflao q(riste)so | da y(ovla)d
w(mida)o R(mrT)ismSob(e)lo, Seiwy(a)le s(u)li saw|[ya]li aRdgomeli
ios{e}b xuntusZisa, | mis{i} mSobli{s} mz[e]qa[l]isi~ (feraZe 2004: 181).
rogorc vxedavT, minaweris teqstSi moxseniebuli arian aRdgomeli
ioseb xuntusZe da misi deda mzeqali. ierusalimis aRdgomis taZris
qarTveli moZRvris, igive aRdgomeli ioseb xuntusZis saxeli da
moRvaweoba qarTuli istoriografiisaTvis sakmaod kargad aris cnobili.
igi daxelovnebuli mwignobari iyo. ierusalimis jvris qarTvelTa
monastris `sawinaswarmetyvelos~ erT-erT minawerSi vkiTxulobT: `sulsa
ama w(i)gnisa mkazmavsa aRdgomelsa iosebs xuntus Zesa... missa mamasa
gobnasa da meuRlesa missa mzeqals S(eundvne)s R(merTma)n~ (qaragmis
gaxsna Cvenia _ T. j.) (cagareli 1888: 153).
74

ogorc aRniSnuli minaweridan irkveva, ioseb xuntusZis mamas
saxelad gobna, dedas ki _ mzeqali erqva. Tavad iosebi xelnaweris
Sekazmvis dros aRdgomis taZris moZRvari iyo, ris gamoc is teqstSi
aRdgomelad aris moxseniebuli.
`sawinaswarmetyvelos~ minaweris cnobebs mniSvnelovnad azustebs
sinas mTis wm. ekaterines monastris qarTvelTa eklesiis sulTa matiane.
aq, xelnaweris 196r-ze, matianis ZiriTadi teqstisagan gansxvavebuli
(ioseb xuntusZis?) xeliT Sesrulebulia ori Canaweri: 1. `s(u)lsa i(oa)ne-
yof(i)lisa iosebs xuntusZesa S(eundvne)s R(merTma)n~; da 2. `s(u)lsa
gogniasa xuntusZesa S(eundvne)s R(merTma)n; missa meuRlesa mzeqals
S(eundvne)s~ (qaragmis gaxsna Cvenia _ T. j.) (javaxiSvili 1947: 243. Sdr.:
kldiaSvili 2008: 111-112, 177). amrigad, irkveva, rom iosebis mamas saxelad
ara gobna, aramed gognia erqva. rac Seexeba Tavad aRdgomel mwignobars,
iosebi misi sabero saxeli iyo, eriskacobaSi ki mas ioane ewodeboda.
rogorc wmida miwis qarTuli xelnawerebis kolofonebidan vigebT,
ioseb xuntusZe samwignobro saqmianobas Semonazvnebamdec eweoda. jvris
monastris XIII-XIV saukuneebis erTi xelnaweri krebulis minawerSi
aRdgomeli mwignobari swored ioanes saxeliT iyo moxseniebuli:
`s(u)lsa ama wigni{s} kazmavsa i(oa)ne xutunZesa S(eundvne)s R(merTma)n~
(qaragmis gaxsna Cvenia _ T. j.) (mari 1955: 43. Sdr.: kldiaSvili 2008: 111).
ioseb xuntusZisa da misi ojaxis Sesaxeb Zvirfas cnobebs gvawvdis
xelnawerTa erovnuli centris qarTul xelnawerTa A koleqciaSi me-40
nomriT daculi xelnaweris, igive A-40-is vrceli kolofonic: `sulsa
amisa wignisa kazmavsa, aRdg[o]melsa iosebs xutunasZesaÁ Seundves
RmerTman; CuÀnTa mamasa gogniais xutunasZesa Seundves RmerTman; da
meuRlesa missa mzeqals Seundves RmerTman; ZeTa maTTa xuxubiaÁs,
lalaÁs da n˜Tls Seundves RmerTman, amin, amin, amin, kirieleison~
(bregaZe ... 1973: 122. Sdr.: kldiaSvili 2008: 111-112).
maSasadame, irkveva, rom ioseb xuntusZes hyavda sami Zma: xuxubiaÁ,
lalaÁ da kidev erTi piri, romlis daqaragmebuli saxelis (n˜Tl)
marTebulad wakiTxva jerjerobiT ver xerxdeba. calke saubris Temaa
iosebis gvari, romelic jvris monastris `sawinaswarmetyvelos~
minawersa da sinas mTis wm. ekaterines monastris qarTvelTa eklesiis
75

sulTa matianeSi motanilia `xuntusZis~ formiT, xolo jvris monastris
XIII-XIV saukuneebis krebulisa da A-40-is minawerebSi _ `xutunZisa~ da
`xutunasZis~ formebiT.
ioseb xuntusZis biografiis Sesaxeb kidev ufro winaaRmdegobrivi
xasiaTis cnobebs gvawvdis jvris monastris `mamaTa cxovrebis~ erTi
kolofoni: `Semkazmeli ioseb yofili ionaÁ, mR(del)-monazoni xuntusZe~
(qaragmis gaxsna Cvenia _ T. j.) (cagareli 1888: 174).
Tu am kolofonis aleqsandre cagareliseuli wakiTxva sworia, maSin
gamodis, rom ioane-yofilma ioseb xuntusZem mogvianebiT kidev erTxel
Seicvala saxeli (?) da axla ukve iona ewoda, rac cota ucnauri Cans.
garda amisa, sakmaod gaugebaria isic, ratom moixseniebs ioseb xuntusZe
sakuTar Tavs ubralo mRvdel-monazonad, maSin, roca mas ukve miRebuli
aqvs ierusalimis aRdgomis taZris moZRvris anu aRdgomelis maRali da
sapatio wodeba.
calke saubris Temaa ioseb xuntusZis moRvaweobis dro. aleqsandre
cagarelis dakvirvebiT, ioseb xuntusZe XVI saukunis moRvawe iyo
(cagareli 1888: 115).
gansxvavebuli mosazreba aqvs levan menabdes. marTalia, mkvlevari
pirdapir ar exeba ioseb xuntusZis moRvaweobis qronologias, magram mis
samwignobre saqmianobas sxva aRdgomeli mowesis maxarebelis moRvaweobis
Semdgomi periodiT gansazRvravs. levan menabdisave dakvirvebiT, ioseb
xuntusZis moRvaweoba qronologiurad win uswrebda aRdgomis taZarSi
damkvidrebuli kidev erTi piris _ xucesmonazon ioakimes samwignobre
saqmianobas. amasTan, mkvlevari maxarebelis aRdgomis taZarSi
mosagreobis qronologias 1400 wlis axlo xanebiT gansazRvravs, xolo
xucesmonazon ioakimes 1502 wlis axloxanebis moRvawed miiCnevs (menabde
1980: 144). aqedan, vfiqrobT, ukve avtomaturad gamomdinareobs daskvna, rom
levan menabdis azriT, ioseb xuntusZe 1400 da 1502 wlebs Soris periodSi
anu XV saukuneSi moRvaweobda.
ioseb xuntusZis moRvaweobis qronologias sul bolos Seexo
istorikosi darejan kldiaSvili, romelmac 2008 wels saTando
gamokvlevasTan erTad, gamoaqveyna sinas mTis wm. ekaterines monastris
qarTvelTa eklesiis sulTa matianes teqsti (kldiaSvili 2008).
76

Cven zemoT aRvniSneT, rom ioseb xuntusZisa da misi ojaxis wevrTa
mosaxseneblebi Setanilia sinas mTis sulTa matianeSi. darejan kldia-
Svilma sagangebod miaqcia yuradReba aRniSnul Canawerebs da daadgina,
rom es mosaxseneblebi Sesrulebuli iyo XV saukunis II naxevarSi,
savaraudod, Tavad ioseb xuntusZis xeliT (kldiaSvili 2008: 111-112).
amrigad, irkveva, rom ioseb xuntusZe moRvaweobda ara XVI saukuneSi,
rogorc amas miiCnevda aleqsandre cagareli, aramed _ SedarebiT ufro
adre, XV saukuneSi, rogorc amas varaudobda levan menabde, ufro
zustad ki _ XV saukunis II naxevarSi, rogorc es daadgina darejan
kldiaSvilma.
davubrundeT ioseb xuntusZis samwignobre moRvaweobas. rogorc misi
xeliT Sesrulebul kolofonebze dakvirveba aCvenebs, aRdgomeli
moZRvari Cinebulad icnoboda imxanad ierusalimSi dacul qarTul
xelnawerebs da xSir SemTxvevaSi, sakuTar minawerebsac urTavda maT
aSiebs. Cveni dakvirvebiT, ioseb xuntusZem am xelnawerebis msgavsad,
swored aq, wmida miwaze moixila garejuli krebuli da sakuTari
kolofonic maSin daurTo ierusalimis erT-erT qarTul eklesiasa Tu
monasterSi dabrZanebul Ven.4-s.
Tu Cveni es dakvirveba sworia, maSin gamodis, rom garejuli
krebuli wmida miwaze gadatanili iyo ara 1570 wels an 1501 wlis
axloxanebSi, rogorc es zemoT gvqonda dadgenili, aramed cota ufro
adre, XV saukunis II naxevramde mainc.
XV saukunis II naxevridan moyolebuli, ramdenime aswleulis
ganmavlobaSi garejuli krebuli wmida miwaze inaxeboda da ierusalimis
erT-erTi qarTuli eklesiisa Tu monastris sakuTrebas warmoadgenda.
dReisaTvis Ven.4-is aSiebze daculia XV-XIX saukuneebis asze meti
minaweris teqsti, saidanac naTlad Cans, rom garejul krebuls didi
interesiT ecnobodnen da kiTxulobdnen rogorc wmida miwaze moRvawe
qarTveli moweseebi, ise saqarTvelos sxvadasxva kuTxidan Camosuli
momlocvelebi.
aRniSnuli minawerebi, romelTa didi nawili absoluturad ucnobia
samecniero sazogadoebisaTvis, uZvirfases cnobebs gvawvdis aramxolod
ierusalimis qarTuli koloniis, aramed zogadad, saqarTvelos eklesiis
77

istoriis Sesaxeb. winamdebare naSromSi Cven detalurad gvaqvs
Seswavlili Ven.4-is ramdenime, istoriul-wyaroTmcodneobiTi kuTxiT
gansakuTrebiT saintereso minaweris teqsti. rac Seexeba danarCen
kolofonebs, maTi Seswavla samomavlod gvaqvs dagegmili.
davubrundeT garejuli krebulis kodikologiasTan dakavSirebul
sakiTxebs. Cven zemoT aRvniSneT, rom `JamTa sigrZisagan ganryunili da
uÃmar qmnili~ garejuli krebuli 1570 wels safuZvlianad aRadgina da
gaacxovela urbnelma mTavarepiskoposma vlase saakasZem. am
sarestavracio samuSaoebis Catarebidan daaxloebiT oras ormoci wlis
Semdeg Ven.4 kvlav mZime fizikur mdgomareobaSi aRmoCnda da misi
xelmeored ganaxleba gaxda saWiro.
aRniSnul amocanas Tavi metnaklebi warmatebiT gaarTva wmida miwaze
moRvawe qarTvelma mRvdelmonazonma besarion qiotiSvilma, visi
samwignobre saqmianobis Sesaxebac qarTuli istoriografiisaTvis
sakmaod bevri ram aris cnobili.
besarion qiotiSvilis saxeli Cvens xelT arsebul werilobiT
ZeglebSi pirvelad XIX saukunis 10-ian wlebSi Cndeba. aq mxedvelobaSi
gvaqvs 1814-1815 wlebis TariRiani minawerebi, romlebic Sesrulebulia
Tavad mRvdelmonazon besarionis xeliT, ierusalimis jvris qarTvelTa
monastris xuTi xelnaweris aSiebze. es xelnawerebia: `paraklitoni~
(cagareli 1888: 171), `mamaTa cxovreba~ (cagareli 1888: 186), wm. ioane
sinelis `klemaqsis~ ori sxvadasxva nusxa (cagareli 1888: 181; cagareli
1894: 49) da `samociqulos Targmaneba~ (mari 1955: 12).
daaxloebiT amave 1814-1815 wlebs ganekuTvneba besarion qiotiSvilis
mier jvris monastris kidev sami qarTuli xelnaweris aSiebze
Sesrulebuli uTariRo kolofonebi. es xelnawerebia: `samociqulo~
(cagareli 1888: 182), `fsalmunTa Targmaneba~ (cagareli 1888: 189) da
`mamaTa swavlani~ (XII-XIII ss.) (mari 1955: 81).
zemoT CamoTvlili minawerebidan gansakuTrebuli aRniSvnis Rirsia
`klemaqsis~ erT-erTi nusxisa (cagareli 1894: 49) da `fsalmunTa Targma-
nebis~ (cagareli 1888: 189) kolofonebi, sadac mRvdelmonazoni besarioni
sakuTar Tavs maRraZe-qiotiSvilis an mxolod maRraZis gvariT
moixseniebs.
78

esarion qiotiSvilis biografiis Sesaxeb kidev erT saintereso
cnobas gvawvdis `mamaTa cxovrebis~ kolofoni, sadac aRniSnulia, rom
besarioni warmomavlobiT saCiqvanodan iyo (cagareli 1888: 186).
dasasrul, zemoT dasaxelebuli minawerebidan naTlad Cans isic,
rom besarion qiotiSvili ierusalimSi yofnis dros anu 1814-1815 wlebSi
ukve berad iyo aRkvecili, mRvdlis xarisxs flobda da amitomac
sakuTar Tavs mRvdelmonazonis wodebiT moixseniebda (cagareli 1888: 181-
182, 189; cagareli 1894: 49; mari 1955: 81).
besarion qiotiSvili wmida miwaze sul bolos 1816 wlis kolofonSi
ixsenieba. mxedvelobaSi gvaqvs jvris monastris kuTvnili `klemaqsis~ XI-
XII saukuneebis nusxis minaweri, saidanac naTlad Cans, rom
mRvdelmonazonma besarionma es xelnaweri 1816 wels gaacxovela
(cagareli 1888: 178).
mogvianebiT besarion qiotiSvilma benediqtes saxeliT, ukve aTonis
mTaze gaagrZela moRvaweoba da iqaur qarTul kolonias Caudga saTaveSi.
aTonis mTaze gadasvlis TariRs mRvdelmonazoni besarion-yofili
benediqte pirdapir asaxelebs XI saukunis `mamaTa cxovrebis~ aSiebze
Sesrulebuli ori minaweris teqstSi: 1. `mTawmidas rom moved, iz (17)
weli ars. am monasterSi _ ig (13) weli ars~; da 2. `es wigni siZvelisagan
daSlili iyo da Sevakvrevie, rac geewyoboda da sxvac, r(ome)lic
[navzeda (?)] SeviZle, Sevkazme... Cylg (1833 w.). RvTismSoblis karis
mRvdelmonazoni~ (SaraSiZe 1954b: 90).
Tu citirebuli kolofonebi namdvilad besarion-yofili benediqte
qiotiSvilis mier aris dawerili, rac TiTqos ase Cans, maSin irkveva, rom
igi ierusalimidan aTonis mTaze 1816 wels Cavida, xolo 1820 wels ukve
karis anu portaitis yovladwmida RmrTismSoblis, igive aTonis
qarTvelTa monasterSi damkvidrda.
am ambidan sul mokle xnis Semdeg, 1821 wels aTonis naxevarkunZuli
osmalo jariskacebma daikaves, ris gamoc berZeni moweseebis umravle-
sobam wmida mTa datova. aseT rTul viTarebaSi benediqte qiotiSvili
piradad Sexvda osmalTa sardals, warmomavlobiT qarTvel labut-faSas
da darbevisagan ixsna aramxolod qarTvelTa monasteri, aramed aTonis
mTis sxva savaneebic (kalinovski 1885: 44-45; menabde 1980: 236, 401).
79

sagulisxmoa, rom osmalTa mier aTonis okupaciis dros benediqte
qiotiSvili erTaderTi mRvdeli iyo, romelic qarTvelTa monasterSi
RmrTismsaxurebas asrulebda. XVIII saukunis berZnulenovani `locvanis~
erT-erT gviandel minawerSi vkiTxulobT: `drosa `Wyonia~ faSis Sesvli-
sasa laSqriT iveriis monasterSi, vinadgan misis SiSisa gamo sxva arvin
mowese mRvdelmonazoni berZenTagani aRar ipoeboda, mama venediqte amiT
asrulebda locvas berZnuls enazed, xolo saidumlos da yovels wess
RvTismsaxurebisas ekklesiaSi _ qarTuls enazed~ (kakabaZe ... 1949: 182).
benediqte qiotiSvili didad iRwvoda aTonze daculi qarTuli
xelnaweri wignebis gamravlebisa da gadarCenisaTvisac. 1824 wels misi
dakveTiTa da safasiT, imereTis mefe solomon II-is (1789-1810 ww.)
moZRvarma, imxanad aTonze moRvawe berma ilarion yanCiSvilma gadawera
wm. isaak asuris `swavlani~ (quTaTelaZe 1955: 169-170, 174, 177). garda amisa,
benediqte qiotiSvilma 1833 wels sakuTari xeliT ganaaxla ori qarTuli
xelnaweri: XI saukunis `mamaTa cxovreba~ (SaraSiZe 1954b: 90) da wm. ioane
sinelis `klemaqsis~ 893 wlis nusxa (cagareli 1886: 89).
1830-iani wlebis dasawyisSi aTonis mTaze berZeni moweseebi
dabrundnen da adgilobrivi qarTuli koloniis Seviwroebas Seudgnen.
1833 wels berZnebma qarTvelebi saerTod gandevnes qarTvelTa
monastridan da es ukanasknelnic iZulebulni gaxdnen, droebiT
damkvidrebuliyvnen wm. elia winaswarmetyvelis eklesiaSi. berZenTa mier
gamodevnil qarTvel moweseebs Soris iyo benediqte qiotiSvilic,
romelic imxanad ukve qarTvelTa monastris dekanozobas flobda
(SaraSiZe 1954b: 191).
wm. elia winaswarmetyvelis eklesiaSi damkvidrebuli benediqte qio-
tiSvili kvlav dauRalavad iRwvoda aTonis mTis qarTuli koloniis gaZ-
lierebisaTvis. misi mowafeebi iyvnen SemdgomSi cnobili aToneli berebi:
besarion qiqoZe (episkopos gabriel qiqoZis Zma), grigol ratiani, qristefo-
re axvlediani da sxvani (SaraSiZe 1954b: 84, 191; quTaTelaZe 1955: 170, 174).
mRvdelmonazoni besarion-yofili benediqte qiotiSvili 1862 wlis 9
marts, paraskev dRes aResrula (SaraSiZe 1954b: 191)
davubrundeT garejul krebuls. am ukanasknelis 8r-ze daculia
besarion qiotiSvilis mier Sesrulebuli mxedruli minaweri, sadac
80

avtori sakmaod sainteresod aRgviwers Ven.4-is rigiT meore restav-
raciis process:
`wmindano mamano, vinac ixiloT, wminda da sasuliero wigni | ese
bevrgan damRaluli iyo, mravalgzis vTvale da gava{a}xle. meca vevedre |
u(fals)a amis mwerlis da mkiTxvelisaTvis, meca Sendoba mibZaneT, r(aT)a
Tqvenca Sen|dobil iyvneT u(fli)sa mier. R(merT)o da cxovels myofe-
lo jvaro qristeso, | saflao qristeso, S(eiwyal)e
b{e}sarion|. q{ronikon}s Cyid (1814 w.)~ (feraZe 2004: 176-177) 66 .
garejuli krebulis meore restavraciis TariRsa da detalebs kidev
ufro azustebs besarion qiotiSvilis mier Ven.4-is 41v-42r-ze
Sesrulebuli kidev erTi mxedruli minaweris teqsti:
`ieso qriste, S(eiwyal)e besarion, yovelTa kacTa usawya|lobelesi.
meoxebiTa RvTismSobelisaTa, Semiwyale me, codvi|li, u(fal)o ieso
qriste, R(merT)o Cveno. Ä(o)i, w(mid)a ese wigni mziT dav|Sale, davamzeure,
mravalgzis CavikiTxe. mxilvelni amisni S(eiwyal)e, | Rm(erT)o.
batono mamano w(mindan)o, {u}brZaneT besarions Sendoba | da RmerTi
Tq{v}enca Segindobs, amin. | Cyig (1813 w.)~ (feraZe 2004: 179).
amrigad, citirebuli kolofonebidan irkveva, rom mRvdelmonazonma
besarion qiotiSvilma 1813-1814 wlebSi sakmaod didi Rvawli gaswia
garejuli krebulis aRdgena-ganaxlebisaTvis. man mTlianad daSala da
`daamzeura~ anu mzeze gaaSro savaraudod, nestisagan dazianebuli
Ven.4 67 . amis Semdeg besarion qiotiSvili ukve xelnaweris `damRalul~,
ufro zustad ki, damRilul anu Wiisagan daxrul-daCvretil (abulaZe
1973b: 117) furclebze gadavida da maTi dazianebuli kideebi sarestav-
racio qaRaldiT gaamagra. sul bolos, mRvdelmonazonma besarionma
66 aRniSnuli minaweris teqstSi motanili TariRi grigol feraZem SecdomiT waikiTxa
rogorc CyÁd anu 1864 weli (feraZe 1940: 227). Cven zemoT vaCveneT, rom besarion
qiotiSvili gardaicvala 1861 wels da amitom, is verafriT ver SeZlebda Ven.4-is
kolofonis Sesrulebas 1864 wels. garda amisa, yovelgvar gaurkvevlobas gamoricxavs
Tavad minaweris teqstic. aq srulebiT garkveviT ikiTxeba kolofonis daweris TariRi:
Cyid anu 1814 weli.
67 am mxriv, Zalzed sayuradReboa grigol feraZis erTi cnoba, romlis Tanaxmadac
ierusalimis berZnuli sapatriarqos biblioTekaSi daculi qarTuli xelnawerebi 1936
welsac ki umZimes mdgomareobaSi iyo: daxeuli, dampali da erTimeoreSi areuli
(feraZe 1940: 222). rogorc Cans, Warbi tenianoba da nesti aramxolod besarion
qiotiSvilis dros, aramed XX saukuneSic umowyalod anadgurebda wmida miwis
qarTul xelnawerebs.
81

saguldagulod gadaTvala daSlili garejuli krebulis furclebi da
xelnaweri isev Tavdapirveli saxiT akinZa. 1813-1814 wlebSi Catarebuli
sarestavracio samuSaoebis kvali, romelic dResac garkveviT emCneva
garejul krebuls, mTlianad adasturebs besarion qiotiSvilis kolofo-
nebSi gadmocemul detalebs.
sxvaTa Soris, garejuli krebulis kolofonebs sakmaod
mniSvnelovani koreqtivi SeaqvT besarion qiotiSvilis wmida miwaze
moRvaweobis qronologiaSic. marTlac, am minawerebidan cnobili xdeba,
rom mRvdelmonazoni besarioni ierusalimSi Cavida ara 1814 wels,
rogorc es zemoT ganxiluli saistorio masalidan Canda, aramed _ 1813
wels an, SesaZloa, cota ufro adrec ki. asea Tu ise, erTi ram faqtia.
1813 wels besarion qiotiSvili ukve namdvilad imyofeboda wmida miwaze
da aq daculi garejuli krebulis aRdgena-ganaxlebisaTvisac iRwvoda.
Cven zemoT aRvniSneT, rom Ven.4-is samecniero kvlevis process
safuZveli Cauyara XIX saukuneSi moRvawe qarTvelma leqsikografma da
siZveleTmcodnem niko CubinaSvilma, vinac 1845 wlis maisSi, wmida miwaze
mogzaurobis dros, sakuTari TvaliT moixila da mokled aRwera
ierusalimis jvris qarTvelTa monastris wignTsacavSi daculi
garejuli krebuli (cagareli 1894: 47, 50. Sdr.: quTaTelaZe 1889: #73, 3).
Ven.4-is niko CubinaSviliseuli aRweriloba ramdenime kuTxiT iqcevs
Cvens yuradRebas, Tumca mas gansakuTrebiT didi mniSvneloba aqvs
garejuli krebulis kodikologiisaTvis. marTlac, masze dayrdnobiT,
danamdvilebiT SeiZleba iTqvas, rom 1845 wlis maisSi Ven.4 jer kidev
wmida miwaze inaxeboda da ierusalimis jvris monastris wignTsacavSi
iyo daunjebuli.
niko CubinaSviliseuli `aRwerilobis~ Sedgenidan arcTu didi xnis
Semdeg, 1883 wels wmida miwaze imogzaura da adgilobrivi qarTuli
siZveleebi Seiswavla peterburgis universitetSi moRvawe qarTvelma
mecnierma aleqsandre cagarelma. aRniSnuli mogzaurobis Sedegebis
safuZvelze, mkvlevarma 1888 wels rusul enaze gamosca saetapo mniSvne-
lobis naSromi, saxelwodebiT: `Памятники грузинской старины въ святой
земле и на Синае~ (Цагарели 1888). dasaxelebul publikaciaSi aleqsandre
cagarelma sxva saintereso masalasTan erTad, `katalogis~ saxiT
82

warmoadgina metnaklebad sruli aRweriloba yvela im qarTuli
xelnawerisa, romelic misi wmida miwaze yofnis dros jer kidev
ierusalimis jvris monasterSi iyo daculi (cagareli 1888: 143-192).
aleqsandre cagarelis mier Sedgenil `katalogSi~ arsad Cans
CvenTvis saintereso Ven.4, romelic 1845 wels niko CubinaSvilma sakuTari
TvaliT moixila ierusalimis jvris monastris wignTsacavSi. im faqts,
rom garejuli krebulis aRweriloba Setanili ar aris aleqsandre
cagarelis naSromSi, jer kidev 1940 wels miaqcia yuradReba grigol
feraZem, romelmac savsebiT samarTlianad daaskvna, rom Ven.4 1883 wels
ukve gatanili iyo ierusalimis jvris monastridan da misi aRwerilobis
Sedgenac amitom ver moaxerxa aleqsandre cagarelma (feraZe 1940: 227).
Cven srulad viziarebT grigol feraZis am dakvirvebas. garda amisa,
viTvaliswinebT im garemoebas, rom 1845 wels Ven.4 jer kidev
ierusalimis jvris monastris wignTsacavSi iyo daculi da gamovTqvamT
mosazrebas, rom garejuli krebuli jvris monastridan gatanili iyo
1845-1883 wlebs Soris periodSi.
aleqsandre cagarelis `katalogis~ garda, grigol feraZem yurad-
Reba sagangebod miaqcia garejuli krebulis 303r-ze Sesrulebul
berZnul minawersac, sadac moxseniebulia mTavardiakoni kleopa:
`PIIC~. mkvlevris TqmiT, mTavardikonma, SemdgomSi _
nazareTis mTavarepiskoposma kleopam Cinebulad icoda qarTuli ena da
ierusalimis berZnuli sapatriarqos gazeT `Nea Sion~-Si periodulad
aqveynebda statiebs wmida miwis qarTuli monastrebis Sesaxeb. grigol
feraZis dakvirvebiT, zemoT citirebuli minaweri calsaxad mianiSnebs im
faqtze, rom jvris monastridan 1883 wlamde gatanili garejuli krebuli
berZnuli kolofonis Sesrulebis dros ukve mTavardiakon kleopas
sakuTrebas warmoadgenda da mis pirad biblioTekaSi inaxeboda (feraZe
1940: 227).
aRniSnuli mosazrebis gamoTqmis Semdeg, grigol feraZe, raime
wyaroze miTiTebis gareSe, sakmaod dawvrilebiT mogviTxrobs Ven.4-is
istoriis bolo monakveTs. misi TqmiT, mTavarepiskopos kleopas
gardacvalebis Semdeg, misma memkvidreebma garejuli krebuli vinme
aleqsandriel antikvars mihyides. am ukanasknelisagan ki qarTuli
83

xelnaweri 1931 wels venis nacionaluri biblioTekis gamgeobam SeiZina.
imave 1931 wels avstriaSi gadatanili garejuli krebuli venis
nacionalur biblioTekaSi sanimuSod aRadgines da Tavidan akinZes
(feraZe 1940: 227).
grigol feraZis mier gamoTqmuli es bolo mosazrebebi SemdgomSi
kidev ufro daazusta filologosma vaxtang imnaiSvilma. es ukanaskneli
guldasmiT gaecno venis nacionalur biblioTekaSi dacul qarTul
xelnawerTa `pirad saqmeebs~ da daadgina, rom garejuli krebuli, or
sxva qarTuli xelnawerTan _ Ven.2-Tan da Ven.3-Tan erTad, xsenebuli
biblioTekisaTvis profesorma turkerma, aleqsandriaSi, vinme ucnobi
antikvarisagan, 1931 wlis 3 ianvars SeiZina (imnaiSvili 2001).
grigol feraZisa da vaxtang imnaiSvilis mier gamoTqmuli
mosazrebebi garejuli krebulis istoriis bolo monakveTis Taobaze
savsebiT misaRebia CvenTvis. amitomac am mosazrebebs aranair damatebiT
komentarebs aRar gavukeTebT da amiT davasrulebT msjelobas Ven.4-is
kodikologiasTan dakavSirebuli sakiTxebis Sesaxeb.
84

Tavi II. garejuli krebulis (Ven.4)
anderZ-minawerebi, rogorc saistorio wyaro
$1. saqarTvelos mefis giorgi III-is
aRsaydrebis TariRi 68
XII saukune saqarTvelos istoriis erT-erTi yvelaze saintereso
monakveTs warmoadgens da mZafri sazogadoebriv-politikuri
peripetiebiT xasiaTdeba. miuxedavad imisa, rom es periodi samecniero
TvalsazrisiT, kargad aris Seswavlili, masTan dakavSirebuli mTeli
rigi sakiTxebisa jer kidev dasazustebelia. erTi am problemaTagania
saqarTvelos mefis giorgi III-is aRsaydrebis TariRic.
giorgi III-is gamefebis TariRi dadgenilia akademikos ivane
javaxiSvilis mier 69 . mkvlevari sakiTxs pirvelad 1913 wels dabeWdili
`qarTveli eris istoriis~ II wignSi Seexo da safuZvlianad Seiswavla
igi. sakiTxze muSaobisas mas xelT hqonda ramdenime werilobiTi wyaro,
romlebic sxvadasxvagvarad aTariRebdnen giorgi III-is mefed kurTxevis
faqts: vaxuSti bagrationis `aRwera samefosa saqarTvelosa~ 70 da XVIII
68 winamdebare paragrafSi ganxiluli sakiTxebisa da miRebuli daskvnebis ZiriTadi
nawili Setanili gvaqvs 2002 wels dabeWdil statiaSi: `saqarTvelos mefis giorgi IIIis
aRsaydrebis TariRi 1160 wels garejSi gadawerili xelnaweris (Ven.4-is) anderZis
mixedviT~ (jojua 2002b. Sdr.: jojua 2001).
69 samarTlianobisaTvis unda aRiniSnos, rom giorgi III-is aRsaydrebis TariRs ivane
javaxiSvilamde ramdenime sxva istorikosic Seexo. maTgan, gansakuTrebuli aRniSvnis
Rirsia Tedo Jordania, romelmac es sakiTxi vrclad ganixila 1892 wels dabeWdili
`qronikebis~ I wignSi. dasaxelebul publikaciaSi mkvlevari daeyrdno mis xelT
arsebul qarTul da somxur werilobiT Zeglebs _ samTavisis warweras, vardan
arevelcisa da stefanos orbelianis Txzulebebs, XIII-XIV saukuneebis erTi qarTuli
xelnaweris (A-85-is) kinklosis minawers da giorgi III-is mefed kurTxeva, ise rogorc
mogvianebiT ivane javaxiSvilma, manac 1156 wliT daaTariRa (Jordania 1892: 252-259).
70 CvenTvis saintereso sakiTxze muSaobisas ivane javaxiSvili sargeblobda vaxuSti
bagrationis (1696-1757 ww.) Txzulebis 1885 wlis, dimitri baqraZiseuli gamocemiT.
Tavad TxzulebaSi naTqvamia, rom mefe demetre I-ma `...dasva Ze Tvisi daviT mefed da
TviT monozon iqmna welsa 1150, qarTulsa 370 (1150 w.). aman Zeman dimitri mefisaman
daviT imefa TTve eqvsi nebier, uSfoTvelad; Semdgomad mokvda welsa 1150, qarTulsa
370 (1150 w.). amasve qoronikonsa miicvala dimitri mefeca Semonazonebuli da Tamar daÁ
misi TiRvas aRmaSenebeli eklesiisa da kata daÁ maTive berZenTa mefis coli. gamefda
Zma daviT mefisa da Ze dimitri mefisa giorgi (rameTu Ze daviT mefisa dimitri mcire
yrma iyo)~ (vaxuSti 1885: 188-189). rogorc vxedavT, vaxuSti bagrationi demetre I-is
Semonazvnebas, daviT V-is gamefebasa da gardacvalebas, agreTve, giorgi III-is
aRsaydrebas 1150 wels momxdar ambebad miiCnevs.
85

saukunis erTi qarTuli xelnaweri krebulis saistorio cnoba 71 _ 1150
wliT, laSa-giorgisdroindeli mematiane 72 _ 1154 wliT, igive mematiane
meoregan da haRarwinis warwera _ 1155 wliT 73 , vardan arevelci, stefanos
orbeliani da 1188-1210 wlebis qarTuli xelnaweri krebulis, igive A-85-is
kinklosis minaweri ki _ 1156 wliT (javaxiSvili 1913: 550-552).
ivane javaxiSvilma gaiTvaliswina am cnobebs Soris arsebuli
qronologiuri winaaRmdegoba da maTTan SedarebiT, upiratesoba mianiWa
samTavisis taZris lapidarul warweras, romlis Tanaxmadac 1168 weli
71 dasaxelebuli xelnaweri krebuli Sedgeboda erTad akinZuli ramdenime rveulisagan,
romelTa didi nawilic dawerili iyo 1763-1793 wlebSi, garejeli mRvdelmonazonis
germanes xeliT (TayaiSvili 1913: 35-46). krebulis bolo ori gverdze warmodgenili
iyo qronologiurad dalagebul mokle saistorio cnobebi. aRniSnuli cnobebi
winasityvaobiTa da SeniSvnebiT 1913 wels gamoaqveyna eqvTime TayaiSvilma (TayaiSvili
1913: 54-66). ivane javaxiSvili CvenTvis saintereso sakiTxze muSaobisas swored am
gamocemiT sargeblobda. dasaxelebul publikaciaSi vkiTxulobT: `da amave
qo(roni)k(on)sa to (1150 w.) amdons miicvala dimitri mefe. da dajda mefed Svili misi
d(avi)T. gangebisagan meti dRe ar edva. wlis gaTavebazed igic mok(u)da. da dajda
mefed didi giorgi~ (TayaiSvili 1913: 63-64). rogorc vxedavT, giorgi III-is mefed
kurTxevis faqti dasaxelebuli xelnaweri krebulis cnobebSi, vaxuSti bagrationis
msgavsad, agreTve, 1150 wliT aris daTariRebuli.
72 qarTul istoriografiaSi aRniSnuli Txzuleba daTariRebulia 1122-1223 wlebiT. igi
sruli saxiT `qarTlis cxovrebis~ mxolod erT, ana dedofliseul nusxaSia daculi.
garda amisa, misi teqsti nakluli saxiT aris CarTuli WalaSviliseuli `qarTlis
cxovrebis~ XVI saukunis nawilSic (yauxCiSvili 1955: 015-016). `qarTveli eris istoriis~
II wignze muSaobisas ivane javaxiSvili anaseuli nusxis xelnaweriT sargeblobda,
WalaSviliseul `qarTlis cxovrebas~ ki mkvlevarma mogvianebiT, 1923 wels miakvlia
(yauxCiSvili 1955: 05). laSa-giorgisdroindeli mematiane giorgi III-is gamefebis Sesaxeb
sapirispiro xasiaTis or cnobas gvawvdis. erTgan vkiTxulobT: mefe demetre I-ma
`warvlo cxovreba, da miiwia srul-qmnili siberesa. Seimosa CoÃa da ikurTxa sqemiTa.
dayo weliwadi erTi da mokuda. da dasues mefed Ze misi daviT. imefa equs Tue da
mokuda. Semdgomad missa dajda Ze misive giorgi qronikonsa samas samocdaTxuTmetsa
(1155 w.). amasve welsa demetre mefe mokuda, da daÁ demetresi Tamar, TiRÂsa
aRmaSenebeli, igica Semonazonebuli gardaicvala~ (laSa giorgisdroindeli mematiane
1955: 366). cota ufro qvemoT Txzuleba gvamcnobs, rom `demetre mefe beltis cixes
miicvala da gelaTs wariyvanes misganve kurTxeulsa axalsa monastersa. qronikoni iyo
samas samocdaToTxmeti (1154 w.)~ (laSa giorgisdroindeli mematiane 1955: 367). amrigad,
mematiane giorgi III-is gamefebas da demetre I-is gardacvalebas erTsa da imave wels
momxdar movlenebad miiCnevs, Tumca ki, am or faqts erTgan _ 1155, xolo meoregan _
1154 wliT aTariRebs.
73 wyaroTa am jgufSi SeiZleba SevitanoT mefe Tamaris meore istorikosis Txzulebac
(XIII s-is I nax.), romelic giorgi III-is mefed kurTxevas, agreTve, 1155 wliT aTariRebs:
`dajda mefed giorgi, Ze demetresi, daviTis Svilisa, qoronikonsa samas
samocdaTxuTmetsa (1155 w.)~ (basili ezosmoZRuari 1959: 115). rac Seexeba imas, Tu ratom
ar gamoiyena ivane javaxiSvilma aRniSnuli cnoba giorgi III-is aRsaydrebis TariRis
dadgenisaTvis. saqme is aris, rom mefe Tamaris meore istorikosis Txzuleba `qarTlis
cxovrebis~ WalaSviliseul nusxaSia daculi, es ukanaskneli ki ivane javaxiSvilma,
rogorc ukve vTqviT zemoT, mxolod 1923 wels aRmoaCina (yauxCiSvili 1959: 015-016) da
am nusxaSi dacul cnobasac, cxadia, ver gamoiyenebda 1913 wels dabeWdili `qarTveli
eris istoriis~ II wignSi.
86

giorgi III-is zeobis me-12 indiktioni iyo. Sesabamisad, mkvlevarma giorgi
III-is aRsaydreba 1156 wliT daaTariRa (javaxiSvili 1913: 551-552).
garda amisa, didma mecnierma damatebiT argumentad moixmo vardan
arevelcisa da stefanos orbelianis cnobebi, agreTve, XIII-XIV
saukuneebis qarTuli xelnaweri krebulis (A-85-is) kinklosis minaweri,
xolo kidev ufro mogvianebiT _ tbeTis saxarebis, igive Q-929-is
anderZic, romlebic am faqts, avtoris TqmiT, agreTve, 1156 wliT
gansazRvravdnen (javaxiSvili 1913: 551-552; javaxiSvili 1948: 229).
Cven savsebiT viziarebT ivane javaxiSvilis frTxil
damokidebulebas werilobiTi wyaroebisadmi. misaRebia misi principic _
winaaRmdegobrivi xasiaTis cnobebs Soris upiratesoba aRweril
movlenebTan qronologiurad yvelaze ufro axlos mdgom cnobas mieces.
am mxriv, samTavisis warweras marTlac gadamwyveti mniSvneloba aqvs
giorgi III-is gamefebis TariRis dadgenisaTvis, magram ramdenad
marTebulia mosazreba, rom es warwera, ise, rogorc mkvlevris mier
moxmobili sxva wyaroebi, am faqts maincdamainc 1156 wliT gansazRvravs?
mivediT.
Cven kritikulad SeviswavleT es cnobebi da sxvagvar daskvnamde
samTavisis lapidaruli warwera Semdegi saxiT ikiTxeba: `q. x(a)to
R{mr}T{ae}b{i}s{a}o, ad{i}de(?) S{e}n m[ier] d(a)my(a)r(e)b(u)li Z(lieri)(?) da
uZ(le)v(e)li R{mr}T{i}v gÂrgÂn(o)s(a)ni, y(ovl)isa aRm{o}s{a}vl{e}Tisa
m(e)f(e)T-m(e)fe g(iorg)i. me, i{ova}ne s[(a)mT(avnel)m(a)]n(?), m(e)f(o)bisa m(a)-
T(i)s{a} m(iwama)n(?), aRv{a}S{e}n{e} k(a)risbWe ese s(a)l(o)cv(e)l(a)d m{e}f{o}-
bisa m{a}Tisa, [in]d(i)kt(io)nsa m{e}f{o}bisa m(a)Tis(a)sa ib (12). q(oroni)k(o)-
ni iyo tpÀ (1168 w.)~ (wakiTxva, damyarebuli warweris givi soxaSvilise-
ul grafikul pirze da punqtuacia Cvenia _ T. j.) (soxaSvili 1968: 193) 74 .
74 warweriani qva Tavdapirvelad Cadgmuli unda yofiliyo taZaris dasavleT karibWis
frontonSi. mogvianebiT, XIX saukunis sarestavracio samuSaoebisas karibWe saerTod
aiRes, xolo warwera eklesiis dasavleT fasadSi, kars zemoT CaaSenes. misi
Svidstriqoniani asomTavruli teqsti pirvelad 1851 wels mari brosem gamosca.
publikaciaSi ramdenime adgili mcdarad aris wakiTxuli (soxaSvili 1968: 193-194).
warwera 1892 wels Tedo Jordaniamac gamoaqveyna. teqstis Jordaniaseuli publikacia
Semdegi saxiT ikiTxeba: `xato R(mr)Taebisao, adide Sen mier damyarebuli da uZleveli
RvTiv gÂrgÂnosani, yovlisa aRmosavleTisa mefeT-mefe giorgi. me, i(ova)ne
sam[Tavnelma]n, mefobisa maTisa... (Tedo Jordanias TqmiT, aq erTi sityva `wabRalulia~),
aRvaSene karibWe ese salocvelad mefobisa maTisa, indiktionsa mefobisa maTisasa ib
(12). qoronikoni iyo tpÀ (1168 w.)~ (qaragmis gaxsna da punqtuacia Cvenia _ T. j.)
87

amrigad, teqstidan irkveva, rom 1168 weli giorgi III-is mefobis me-12
indiktioni iyo. vfiqrobT, aq zedmeti ar unda iyos imis Sexseneba, rom
ama Tu im mefis zeobis wlebis anu indiktionis aTvla, ZiriTadad, ar
emTxveva kalendrul welTaRricxvas. marTlac, Sua saukuneebis
saqarTveloSi (da aramxolod saqarTveloSi) yoveli kalendruli weli 1
ianvridan (an 1 seqtembridan) iwyeboda, ama Tu im mefis indiktionis
aTvlas ki im konkretuli Tve da ricxvidan iwyebdnen, roca igi samefo
taxtze adioda.
aRniSnulidan gamomdinare, 1168 weli SeiZleba yofiliyo giorgi III-
is zeobis rogorc me-11 wlis dasasruli da me-12-s dasawyisi, ise _ me-12
wlis dasasruli da me-13-s dasawyisi. am faqts arsebiTi mniSvneloba aqvs
Cveni Semdgomi msjelobisaTvis, vinaidan giorgi III-is gamefebis faqti
pirvel SemTxvevaSi _ 1157 wliT, xolo meore SemTxvevaSi _ 1156 wliT
TariRdeba. Sesabamisad, cxadi xdeba isic, rom samTavisis warweraSi
giorgi III-is aRsaydrebis faqti daTariRebulia ara 1156 wliT, aramed _
1156-1157 wlebiT.
zustad aseTive suraTs vxedavT tbeTis saxarebis anderZTan
dakavSirebiTac. am anderZis teqsti, samTavisis warweris msgavsad, giorgi
III-is sicocxleSia Sedgenili, Tanac samefo karTan daaxloebuli
mRvdelmTavris mier, ris gamoc is sando pirvelwyaros warmoadgens:
`...Rirs viqmen araRirsi, suliTa sawyalobeli p[a]vle j(uar)is
myv(a)ni, R(mrT)isa m[o]wy[a]lebaTa da sax[ie]r[e]baTa mier saydr(i)sa
tbeTisasa dapyrob[a]d, gamzrdelisa C[em]isa, R(mr)Tiv gÂrgÂnosnisa mefeT-
mefisa di[mi]t[ri]s mier, r[omel]i mkÂdrmca ars m[a]rjuÀniTa [qristes]
dasaydrebuli da mianiWa R[merTman] Zesa maTsa g[iorg]is mefobaÁ, lomTa
umÃnessa da arwivTa umalessa da misca R(merTma)n uricx ZlevaÁ da
gamarjuÀbaÁ y(ovel)Ta winaaRmdgomTa misTa zeda. mexuTesa welsa [...]
anisisasa [...] msgavsad [...] da gedeonisa mciriTa eriTa sZlo uricxusa mas
simravlesa barabarozTasa da moklviT da t[yuÀo]biT moswyÂdes
ocdaaTequsmeti C (1000) kaci. dauteves saWurWle: uricx karvebi, cxeni,
abjari da y[ove]li [s]aqonebi maTi; daipyres Tavadi amiraebi; suqm[a]nis Ze
(Jordania 1892: 259). dasaxelebuli ori publikaciidan ivane javaxiSvili sargeblobda
Jordaniaseuli gamocemiT (javaxiSvili 1913: 551).
88

Zliv warvides, dakodil-Camogdebuli. RmerTman umetesi ZlevaÁ da
warmarTebaÁ misces mefob[a]sa maTsa da kurTxevaÁ saukunoÁ...~ (qaragmis
gaxsna Cvenia _ T. j.) (bregaZe ... 1959a: 355-356) 75 .
rogorc vxedavT, citirebuli teqstis Tanaxmad, giorgi III-s Sah-
armeni suqmanis-Ze anisTan daumarcxebia Tavisi mefobis me-5 wels.
aRniSnuli cnoba ivane javaxiSvilma anisis brZolis dasaTariReblad
gamoiyena da es faqti 1161 wliT gansazRvra (javaxiSvili 1948: 229). Cven
viziarebT am mosazrebas, oRond, anderZs, amjerad, sapirispiro mizniT _
giorgi III-is mefed kurTxevis dasaTariReblad gamoviyenebT.
indiktionisa da kalendaruli wlebis urTierTmimarTebis
gaTvaliswinebiT, 1161 weli SeiZleba iyos giorgi III-is zeobis rogorc
me-4 wlis dasasruli da me-5 wlis dasawyisi, ise me-5 wlis dasasruli da
me-6 wlis dasawyisi. Sesabamisad, giorgi III-is aRsaydrebas tbeTis
saxarebis kolofoni, ise rogorc samTavisis warwera, aTariRebs ara 1156
wliT, aramed _ 1156-1157 wlebiT.
giorgi III-is mefed kurTxevas 1156-1157 wlebiT gansazRvravs stefanos
orbelianis Txzulebac 76 . amasTan, unda aRiniSnos, rom aRweril
movlenebze saukunenaxevriT gvian Sedgenili Txzuleba giorgi III-is
aRsaydrebis Sesaxeb or sxvadasxva TariRs gvawvdis.
stefanos orbeliani erTgan aRniSnavs, rom demetre I-ma ocdacameti
weli imefa da 1158 wels aResrula. samefo taxti misma vaJma, daviT V-m
75 kolofonis teqsti pirvelad gamoqveynda 1900 wels, p. cxviloelis anu mRvdeli
polievqtos karbelaSvilis mier (cxviloeli 1900; qarTuli ... 1967: 35). tbeTis
saxarebasa da mis anderZ-minawerebs 1909 wels specialuri narkvevi miuZRvna eqvTime
TayaiSvilmac. mis publikaciaSi CarTulia ramdenime kolofonis, maT Soris, 1161 wlis
anderZis nusxaxucuri transkripcia, maTi rusuli Targmanebi da SesaniSnavi fotoilustraciebi
(masalebi ... 1909: 151-162). ivane javaxiSvils 1913 wels `qarTveli eris
istoriis~ II wignze muSaobisas tbeTis saxrebis anderZi ar gamouyenebia. Tumca,
naSromis gamocemis Semdeg, pirad egzemplarSi ramdenime adgilas CaurTavs
Casamatebeli masala (javaxiSvili 1948: V-VI, 229). naSromi xelmeored 1948 wels
gamoqveynda. am dros didi mecnieri ukve gardacvlili iyo. gamocemis redaqtorma,
simon yauxCiSvilma gaiTvaliswina ivane javaxiSvilis survili da zemoxsenebuli
masala publikaciis Sesabamis adgilas CarTo. erT-erT aseT CanarTs warmoadgenda
tbeTis saxrebis kolofonic (javaxiSvili 1948: V-VI, 229).
76 taTevis mitropolitma stefanos orbelianma (gard.A1304 w.) `siuniqis istoriaze~
muSaoba 1297-1300 wlebSi daasrula. Txzulebis 66-e Tavs warmoadgens teqsti,
saxelwodebiT: `cxovreba orbelianTa~ (maisuraZe 1985; abdalaZe 1979: 36-37). CvenTvis
saintereso cnobebi swored am TavSia daculi. stefanosis Txzulebis sruli somxuri
teqsti 1861 wels moskovSi gamoaqveyna m. eminma (meliqseT-begi 1949: 267). ivane
javaxiSvili `qarTveli eris istoriis~ meore wignze muSaobisas swored am, moskovuri
gamocemiT sargeblobda (javaxiSvili 1913: 526, 551-552).
89

daikava, Tumca misi zeoba xanmokle gamodga da ori wlis Semdeg, e. i.
1160 wels isic gardaicvala. erTi Tvis Semdeg mefoba daviT V-is Zmam,
giorgi III-m miiRo (emini 1896: 362-363; cagareiSvili 1978: 39-40) 77 .
ivane javaxiSvili imTaviTve kritikulad moekida am cnobas da
giorgi III-is aRsaydrebis 1160 wliT daTariReba usafuZvlod CaTvala
(javaxiSvili 1913: 551). Cven viziarebT am mosazrebas. miT ufro, rom
amgvar varauds savsebiT gamoricxavs samTavisis warwera da tbeTis
saxarebis anderZi.
samagierod, ivane javaxiSvilma misaRebad miiCnia stefanos
orbelianis meore cnoba, romelic mogviTxrobs, rom orbelTa ajanyebis
dros, 1177 wels, giorgi III-is mefobis 21-e weliwadi iyo (emini 1896: 364;
cagareiSvili 1978: 44) 78 .
77 stefanos orbelianis Txzulebis 66-e Tavis eminiseuli rusuli Targmanis 1896 wlis
gamocemaSi CvenTvis saintereso nawyveti aseTi saxiT aris warmodgenili: `Въ 607 (1158)
году, после многихъ удачъ и великихъ подвиговъ мужества умираетъ царь Деметре, царство котораго
наследуетъ Давидъ, мужъ могущественный и мудрый, какъ и отецъ его. Но прошествiй 2 летъ умеръ и
онъ… черезъ месяцъ у Георгiя созваны были все дедепулы и дворяне, съ которыми вместе явился и Иване
съ своей свитой. Георгiй открылъ последнему свое намеренiе и после долгихъ увещеванiй успелъ, наконецъ,
убедить его въ томъ, что по достиженiи племянника моего совершеннолетiя я его не обижу, но согласно
завещанiю моего брата возведу его на престолъ царскiй. Вследствiе этого все единогласно помазали его
на царство’’ (emini 1896: 362-363). igive fragmenti `cxovreba orbelianTas~ 1682 (A) da 1801
(B) wlebis ZvelqarTul TargmanebSi Semdegnairad ikiTxeba: A _ `da Semdgomad
mravlisa ganmarjvebisa da did-didisa simxnisa mokvda dimitri mefe ricxvsa
eqvsasSvidsa (1158 w.) da miiRo mefoba misi daviT, msgzavsman mamisaman, kacman Zlierman
da brZenman, da cxovnda welsa orsa da mokvda... xolo Semdgomad Tvisa erTisa Sekrben
yovelni didebulni da aznaurni giorgisa da mivida maT Tana iovaneca TvisiTurT, da
ganucxada ganzraxva igi giorgi mravliTa vedrebiTa da dajerebul yo sityviT:
`ukeTumca asakeul iqmnes Zmiswuli Cemi, ara daklebul vyo igi, aramed anderZisaebr
Zmisa Cemisa davsva saydarsa mefobisasa~. amisTvis scxes mas mefed~ (cagareiSvili 1978:
40-42); B _ `da Semdgomad mravalTa gamarjvebaTa da did-didTa mÃneobaTa mokuda
dimitri da miiRo mefoba misi Zeman misman daviT, msgavsman mamisa Zlierisa da
brZnisaman. icocxla aman welsa orsa da eseca mokuda... xolo Semdgomad erTisa TTÂsa
Sekrben yovelni didebulni da mTavarni giorgisTan, sadaca imyofeboda ivaneca
TÂseuliTa, maSin ganucxada giorgim ganzraxva TÂsi da mravliTa sitkboebiTa
arwmunebda maT da etyoda, rameTu: `odes moihasakebis Zmiswuli Cemi, ara uvar-vhyof
anderZsa Zmisa Cemisasa, aramed davsvam taxtsa zeda mefobisa Cemisasa~. amisaTÂs
daerTsityvavden da scxes igi mefed~ (cagareiSvili 1978: 40-42).
78 eminis rusuli Targmani: `Въ 626 году армянскаго летосчисленiя (1177) возникли смуты въ
Иверiйскомъ царстве и родъ Орбелiановъ весь былъ истребленъ… после 21 года царствованiя Георгiя…~
(emini 1896: 364). Zveli qarTuli Targmanebi: A _ `ricxvsa somxurisa eqvsas ocda eqvssa
(1177 w.) iqmna almuri da SfoTi Soris mefobisa qarTvelTasa da ZiriTurT aRmofxvres
da dasces saxli orbelianTa mefobasa giorgisasa meocdaerTsa (21) welsa~
(cagareiSvili 1978: 44); B _ `xolo ricxusa somxursa qkv (1177 w.) aRsdga SfoTi
samefosa Sina saqarTueloÁsasa da sruliad aRifxura saxli orbelianTa, rameTu
imefa giorgi welsa ocda erTsa (21)~ (cagareiSvili 1978: 44). garda amisa, stefanosis
Txzulebis 1682 wlis qarTul TargmanSi daculia kidev erTi iribi cnoba giorgi IIIis
aRsaydrebis TariRis Sesaxeb: `xolo TviT mas giorgis ar aqvnda samkvidrebeli
mefobisa Tvisisa Tvinier asulisa erTisa, Tamarad saxeldebulisa, da aResrula
90

aq kidev erTxel gavimeorebT, rom ama Tu im mefis zeobis
indiktionis aTvla da kalendruli welTaRricxva, upiratesad, ar
emTxveva erTimeores, amitom 1177 weli SeiZleba iyos giorgi III-is zeobis
rogorc me-20 wlis dasasruli da 21-e wlis dasawyisi, ise _ 21-e wlis
dasasruli da 22-e wlis dasawyisi. pirvel SemTxvevaSi, giorgi III-is
gamefeba modis 1157 welze, xolo meore SemTxvevaSi _ 1156 welze.
Sesabamisad, giorgi III-is aRsaydrebis TariRi stefanos orbelianis
Tanaxmad, agreTve, 1156-1157 wlebiT unda ganisazRvros.
amrigad, irkveva, rom ivane javaxiSvilis xelT arsebuli saistorio
masalis didi nawili _ tbeTis saxarebis anderZi, samTavisis warwera da
stefanos orbelianis Txzuleba giorgi III-is gamefebas aTariRebdnen ara
1156 wliT, aramed _ 1156-1157 wlebiT. am mxriv, gansakuTrebiT angariS-
gasawevia tbeTis saxarebis anderZisa da samTavisis warweris cnobebi,
romlebic giorgi III-is sicocxleSia Sedgenili da Sesabamisad, sando
pirvelwyaroebs warmoadgens.
garda am sami Zeglisa, ivane javaxiSvilis gankargulebaSi iyo
werilobiTi wyaroebis meore jgufic _ vardan arevelcis `msoflio
istoria~ 79 da XIII-XIV saukuneebis qarTuli xelnaweri krebulis, igive A-
ricxvsa eqvsas ocda aT sametsa (1184 w.), xolo mefobda welsa ocdarvasa (28)~
(cagareiSvili 1978: 54). aqve SevniSnavT, rom 1801 wlis Zvel qarTul da eminiseul
rusul TargmanebSi miTiTebulia mxolod giorgi III-is gardacvalebis weli. rac
Seexeba misi mefobis xangrZlivobas, amaze dasaxelebul TargmanebSi araferia naTqvami
(cagareiSvili 1978: 54; emini 1896: 368).
79 somexi istorikosis vardan arevelcis (1200/1210-1271 ww.) `msoflio istoria~ XIII
saukunis ^60-ian wlebSi unda iyos Sedgenili (abdalaZe 1979: 33-34). Txzulebis somxuri
teqsti 1861 wels moskovSi gamosca m. eminma (meliqseT-begi 1949: 261). ivane javaxiSvili
swored am publikaciiT sargeblobda (javaxiSvili 1913: 526, 550-552). imave 1861 wels
eminma moskovSi `msoflio istoriis~ rusuli Targmanic gamoaqveyna. publikaciaSi
CvenTvis saintereso adgili Semdegi saxiT ikiTxeba: `Царь иверiйскiй, Деметре, после
тридцати двухлетняго управленiя скончался. Сынъ его, Давидъ, человекъ умный и расположенный къ
добру, принялъ его корону: онъ освободилъ Тиркаша, заключеннаго въ темницу его отцемъ, и назначилъ
его военачальникомъ; самъ же умеръ черезъ месяцъ. Некоторые говорятъ, что онъ погибъ отъ измены
Сембата и Иване Орбелiановыхъ за назначенiе на ихъ место Тиркаша; и что они заранее условились въ
этомъ съ Георгомъ, братомъ Давида, который обещалъ имъ назначить ихъ военачальниками. Въ 605-1156
году Георгiй наследовалъ корону своего брата~ (emini 1861: 154-155). 2002 wels TbilisSi
gamoqveynda vardan arevelcis `msoflio istoriis~ sruli qarTuli Targmani, romelic,
Tavis mxriv, Sesrulebuli iyo nodar SoSiaSvilisa da eka kvaWantiraZis mier.
naSroms darTuli aqvs eka kvaWantiraZis mier momzadebuli Sesavali, komentarebi da
saZieblebi (vardan arevelci 2002). vardanis Txzulebis CvenTvis saintereso fragmenti
dassaxelebul publikaciaSi Semdegi saxiT aris motanili: `qarTvelTa mefe demetre 32
wlis mefobis Semdeg gardaicvala. gvirgvini miiRo misma vaJma, Wkvianma da keTilma daviTma.
man cixidan gamoiyvana mamis mier Sepyrobili TirqaSi, daayena mxedarTmTavrad
da erTi Tvis Semdeg gardaicvala. zogi ambobs, rom [is moklul iqna] sumbat da ivane
91

85-is kinklosis minaweri, romlebic giorgi III-is mefed kurTxevas
calsaxad 1156 wliT gansazRvravdnen (javaxiSvili 1913: 151).
aqve xazgasmiT unda aRiniSnos is faqti, rom es ori dasaxelebuli
Zegli aRwerili movlenebis Tanadrouli ar aris. vardan arevelcis
Txzuleba XIII saukunis SuaxanebSia Sedgenili, A-85-is kinklosis
minaweri ki XIII-XIV saukuneebiT TariRdeba (odiSeli 1968: 9). amitom maT
cnobebs giorgi III-is gamefebis TariRis dadgenisaTvis, cxadia, ar aqvT
iseTi wyaroTmcodneobiTi Rirebuleba, rogoric tbeTis saxarebis 1161
wlis anderZsa da samTavisis taZris 1168 wlis warweras gaaCniaT.
miuxedavad amisa, 1913 wlisaTvis, rodesac qarTuli istoriografia
tbeTis saxarebis 1161 wlis anderZisa da samTavisis taZris 1168 wlis
warweris mier SemoTavazebuli orwliani monakveTis _ 1156-1157 wlebis
dasaviwroveblad sinqronuli periodis raime sxva wyaros ar icnobda,
ivane javaxiSvilma savsebiT logikuri nabiji gadadga, man swored vardan
arevelcis cnobasa da A-85-is kinklosis minawerze dayrdnobiT
daaviwrova zemoxsenebuli orwliani qronologiuri monakveTi da giorgi
III-is aRsaydrebis faqti 1156 wliT daaTariRa (javaxiSvili 1913: 551-552).
mogvianebiT qarTulma istoriografiam upirobod gaiziara ivane
javaxiSvilis mier SemoTavazebuli TariRi. dReisaTvis giorgi III-is
gamefeba 1156 wliT aris gansazRvruli rogorc samecniero, ise
saenciklopedio xasiaTis gamocemebSi (buniaTovi 1966: 285; odiSeli 1968:
90-91; soxaSvili 1968: 193; badriZe 1973: 27; berZeniSvili 1973: 68; metreveli
1973: 104; Tofuria 1975: 17; metreveli 1978: 159-160; lorTqifaniZe 1979a: 263,
286-288; Todua 1979: 52, 56; fuTuriZe 1955: 67; qadagiZe 1985: 140; kvaWantiraZe
1989: 106-107; stefnaZe 1990: 23; jafariZe 1995: 99; stefnaZe 1999; davlianiZe
2000: 93; saqarTvelos ... 2000b: 132-134 da sxv.).
giorgi III-is aRsaydrebis TariRis dadgenisaTvis fasdaudebel
cnobebs gvawvdis Ven.4-is 1160 wlis anderZis teqsti. vinaidan Cven zemoT
ukve dawvrilebiT ganvixileT am anderZTan dakavSirebuli sxvadasxva
orbelianebis mzakvrobis Sedegad, radgan maT adgilas daayena TirqaSi. isini
SeTanxmebuli iyvnen daviTis Zma giorgisTan, rom [is] daniSnavda [maT] mxedarTmTavrad.
giorgim miiRo samefo gvirgvini 605 (1156) wels~ (vardan arevelci 2002: 145).
92

sakiTxebi, aq aRarafers vityviT mis Taobaze da pirdapir moviyvanT
kolofonis teqsts:
`saxeliTa R(mrT)isaÁTa, wignsa amas ewodebis sa|natreli. daiwera
ÃeliTa undoÁsa, Sav | nik(olo)z nikraÁsaÁTa, sanaxebsa w(mid)isa m(a)misa
d(avi)Tissa, | garesjas, kedelsa (?), r(ome)lsa ewodebis saxelad | berTaÁ,
qronikonsa tp (1160 w.), mefobasa Zisa | d(eme)tres g(iorg)isaze, welsa me-
fobisa misisasa g (3). | daamyaren R(merTma)n mefob(a)Á misi saTnod
o(Âfl)isa C(ue)nisa | i(es)Â q(ristÀ)s{a}, r(om)lisaÁ ars d(ide)b(a)Á
uk(uni)Ti uk(unisadmd)e, a(me)n da Sa|v nikrasa SromisaTÂs k(urT)x(e)vaÁ
s(au)k(u)n(o)Á, a(me)n. | d(ide)b(a)Á R(merTs)a sr(u)lmyofelsa y(ovel)Tasa,
a(me)n. | me{u}feo, g(ua)k(urT)x(e)n~.
rogorc vxedavT, garejuli krebulis anderZis Tanaxmad, xelnaweris
gadaweris TariRi _ 1160 weli, imavdroulad, iyo giorgi III-is zeobis me-3
indiktioni. Sesabamisad, 1160 weli, SeiZleba, iyos misi mefobis rogorc
me-2 wlis dasasruli da me-3-s dasawyisi, ise _ me-3 wlis dasasruli da
me-4-s dasawyisi. pirvel SemTxvevaSi, giorgi III-is aRsaydrebis TariRad
viRebT 1158, xolo meore SemTxvevaSi _ 1157 wels.
cxadia, am or TariRs Soris upiratesobas verc erTs ver mivcemdiT,
rom ara sinqronuli periodis ori sxva Zegli _ tbeTis saxarebis
anderZi da samTavisis warwera, romelTa mier SemoTavazebuli orwliani
monakveTi _ 1156-1157 wlebi mxolod im pirobiT emTxveva Ven.4-is anderZSi
miTiTebul orwlian monakveTs _ 1157-1158 wlebs, Tuki giorgi III-is
gamefebis TariRad 1157 wels aviRebT.
am SemTxvevaSi, gamova, rom garejuli krebulis gadaweris TariRi
(1160 w.) namdvilad giorgi III-is zeobis me-3 indiktions (me-3 wlis dasas-
ruli da me-4-s dasawyisi) warmoadgens, tbeTis saxrebis anderZis TariRi
(1161 w.) _ misi mefobis me-5 indiktionia (me-4 wlis dasasruli da me-5-s
dasawyisi), xolo samTavisis warweris TariRi (1168 w.) giorgi III-is mmar-
Tvelobis _ me-12 indiktioni (me-11 wlis dasasruli da me-12-s dasawyisi).
yvela sxva SemTxvevaSi, erTi mxriv, Ven.4-is anderZi, xolo, meore
mxriv, tbeTis saxarebis anderZi da samTavisis taZris warwera
absoluturad sxvadasxva TariRs _ an 1158, an kidev 1156 wels gvaZleven.
93

amdenad SeiZleba vendoT garejuli krebulis anderZSi dacul
cnobas? vfiqrobT, rom es cnoba savsebiT sarwmunoa. jer erTi, Ven.4-is
gadamweri nikoloz nikraÁ giorgi III-is gamefebis Tanamedrovea da mefis
aRsaydrebasa da xelnaweris gadaweras Soris sxvaoba mxolod sam wels
Seadgens. meorec, nikraÁ garejSi moRvawe mwignobaria, aqauri savaneebi ki
am dros ukve samefo monastrebs warmoadgendnen (lominaZe 1966b: 123-124).
Sesabamisad, garejeli moweseebisa da, maT Soris, Ven.4-is
gadamwerisaTvis samefo karis peripetiebi kargad unda yofiliyo
cnobili. metic, anderZSi giorgi III-sTan dakavSirebul kidev erT frazas
vxvdebiT: daamyaren RmerTman mefobaÁ misi saTnod oÂflisa Cuenisa iesÂ
qristÀsa~, sadac TiTqos cxadliv unda Candes gadamweris SeSfoTeba
samefo karze atexili dinastiuri brZolebis gamo da amitomac aris, rom
igi ufals maincadamainc giorgi III-is taxtis ganmtkicebas evedreba.
Cveni mosazrebis marTebulobas adasturebs somexi istorikosis
samuel anecis qronikac 80 . rogorc cnobilia, samuel aneci XII saukunis
moRvawe iyo da Tavisi qronikac 1182 wels hqonda Sedgenili (meliqseT-begi
1949: 253). Sesabamisad, mis cnobebs CvenTvis iseTive wyaroTmcodneobiTi Ri-
rebuleba aqvs, rogorc sinqronuli periodis danarCen sam Zegls _ gareju-
li krebulis anderZs, tbeTis saxarebis kolofonsa da samTavisis taZris
warweras. samuel anecis Txzulebis erTi fragmentis qarTuli Targmani
2000 wels gamoaqveyna wyaroTmcodne nino TorTlaZem. teqsti gvamcnobs:
`604 wels (1155 w.) gardaicvala qarTvelTa mefe demetre da gamefda
misi Ze daviTi, xolo ori wlis Semdeg isic gardaicvala. misi
Zalaufleba misma Zmam giorgim miiRo~ (TorTlaZe 2000: 79) 81 .
80 anisis sakaTedro taZris xucesis samuel anecis (1110-1190 ww.) saistorio qronika
Sedgenilia 1182 wels (meliqseT-begi 1949: 253). arsebobs Txzulebis sruli somxuri
teqstis a. ter-miqelianiseuli gamocema, romelic, Tavis mxriv, dabeWdilia 1893 wels.
publikacia damyarebulia eCmiawinis biblioTekaSi dacul 13 xelnawer nusxaze
(TorTlaZe 2000: 79).
81 aqve unda aRiniSnos, rom eCmiawinis zemoxsenebuli 13 xelnaweridan 10 xelnawerSi
miTiTebulia `ori weli~, samSi ki _ `ori Tve~. nino TorTlaZe iTvaliswinebs laSagiorgisdroindeli
mematianis cnobasa da XVIII saukunis qarTuli kinklosis minawers
da upiratesobas sami xelnaweris wakiTxvas aZlevs. mkvlevari fiqrobs, rom Samuel
anecis qronikaSi Tavdapirvelad aRniSnuli iyo ori Tve, mogvianebiT ki teqstis
araswori wakiTxvis safuZvelze, an, SesaZloa, Segnebuladac es adgili gadaakeTes da
miiRes ori weli (TorTlaZe 2000: 79-80). Cven sayuradRebod gveCveneba es msjeloba,
Tumca tradiciuli mosazreba ufro marTebuli gvgonia. miT ufro, rom zemoxsenebuli
94

amrigad, xelT gvaqvs kidev erTi saintereso faqti _ giorgi III-is
mefed kurTxevas Ven.4-is anderZis, tbeTis saxarebis kolofonisa da
samTavisis warweris garda, 1157 wliT aTariRebs XII saukunis kidev erTi
Zegli _ samuel anecis qronika.
aseT viTarebaSi bunebrivad Cndeba kiTxva: tbeTis saxarebis anderZis,
samTavisis taZris warwerisa da stefanos orbelianis mier
SemoTavazebuli orwliani monakveTis _ 1156-1157 wlebis dasaviwroveblad
wyaroTa romel jgufs unda mieces upiretesoba _ vardan arevelcis
Txzulebasa da A-85-is kinkloss, romlebic giorgi III-is gamefebas 1156
wliT aTariReben, Tu garejuli krebulis kolofonsa da samuel anecis
Txzulebas, romlebic amave faqts 1157 wliT gansazRvraven?
Cven wyaroebis Sepirispirebisas upiratesobas Ven.4-is kolofonsa da
samuel anecis qronikas vaZlevT. jer erTi, es Zeglebi, vardan arevelcis
Txzulebisa da A-85-is kinklosis minawerisagan ganxvavebiT, giorgi III-is
sicocxleSia Sedgenili da gacilebiT sando pirvelwyaroebs warmoad-
gens. mere meorec, kargad aris cnobili, rom vardan arevelci, romelic,
sazogadod, sando avtorad aris miCneuli, XII saukunis saqarTvelos
istoriis qronologiisaTvis ramdenime mcdarsa Tu sadao TariRsac
gvawvdis. es sakiTxi istorikos eka kvaWantiraZis mier kargad aris
Seswavlilia (kvaWantiraZe 1989: 104-112) da amitom, masze aq aRar
SevCerdebiT.
rac Seexeba A-85-is kinklosis minawers, aq saqme kidev ufro rTulad
gvaqvs. teqstis Tedo Jordaniaseuli gamocema Semdegi saxiT ikiTxeba:
`q(oroni)k(on)s to (1150 w.), dasabamiTgan xRÁ (1156 w.), aqa Ze dimitri
mefisa giorgi mefe iqmna~ (Jordania 1892: 255). e. i. minaweri giorgi III-is
gamefebis Sesaxeb or sxvadasxva TariRs gvaZlevs _ 1150 da 1156 wlebs. am
or TariRs Soris, Tedo Jordaniam upiratesoba 1156 wels misca
(Jordania 1892: 255), ivane javaxiSvilma ki, Tavis mxriv, savsebiT gaiziara
es mosazreba (javaxiSvili 1913: 551).
werilobiTi wyaroebis mier giorgi III-is mefed kurTxevis 1157 wliT daTariReba daviT
V-is swored rom orwliani mmarTvelobis sasargeblod metyvelebs.
95

mogvianebiT, 1968 wels A-85-is kinklosis minawerebi gamoaqveyna
jumber odiSelmac. mkvlevarma CvenTvis saintereso minaweris qronikoni
sulac tv-d (306+780=1086 w.) waikiTxa da masTan SedarebiT upiratesoba,
rasakvirvelia, dasabamiTgan aTvlil TariRs _ 1156 wels misca (odiSeli
1968: 26).
kidev ufro mogvianebiT, 1974 wels saqarTvelos mecnierebaTa
akademiis korneli kekeliZis saxelobis xelnawerTa institutma gamosca
yofili saeklesio muzeumis (A) koleqciis akademiuri `aRwerilobis~ I 1
tomi, sadac Setanili iyo A-85-is kinklosis minawerebi. am publikaciaSi
CvenTvis saintereso teqsti Semdegi saxiT ikiTxeba: `[1157 w.] aqa Ze
dimitri mefisa giorgi mefe iqmna~ (bregaZe ... 1973: 295).
amrigad, minaweris akademiur gamocemaSi qoronikonis TariRad
miTiTebulia ara 1150 an 1086 wlebi, rogorc amas Tedo Jordaniasa da
jumber odiSelis publikaciebSi vxvdebiT, aramed _ 1157 weli.
sakiTxis sabolood garkvevis mizniT, piradad gavecaniT xelnawers.
gairkva, rom sakuTriv kinkloss mxolod qronikonis TariRebi uzis.
amasTan, misi aTvla saxeldobr 1157 wliT iwyeba da nusxuri minaweric _
`aqa Ze dimitri m(e)fis(a)Á g(iorg)i mefe iqmna~, swored am wlis gaswvriv
aris miTiTebuli.
ase, rom A-85-is kinklosis minaweri giorgi III-is mefed kurTxevas
aTariRebs ara 1156, aramed _ 1157 wliT. es ki, agreTve, adasturebs Cveni
zemoT gamoTqmuli mosazrebis marTebulobas.
metic, Tu zemoT warmodgenili Cveni dakvirvebebi sworia, maSin
SegviZlia, kidev ufro davakonkretoT giorgi III-is gamefebis TariRi.
tbeTis saxarebis anderZSi miTiTebulia, rom giorgi III-m suqmanis-Ze
anisTan misi zeobis me-5 indiktions daamarcxa (bregaZe ... 2004: 355-356).
paralelurad amisa, ivane javaxiSvilma arabi mematianis ibn al-asiris
cnobaze dayrdnobiT, gaarkvia, rom qarTvelebma xlaTis mmarTveli suqman
II agvistos TveSi daamarcxes (javaxiSvili 1913: 555-556).
am bolo qronologiur monacems didi mniSvneloba aqvs sakiTxis
garkvevisaTvis, vinaidan Cvens mier zemoT gamoTqmuli mosazrebis Tanax-
mad, 1161 weli giorgi III-is zeobis me-4 wlis dasasruls da me-5-s dasaw-
yiss warmoadgenda. Sesabamisad, 1161 wlis agvistoSi giorgi III-is mefobis
96

me-5 weli ukve dawyebuli yofila da amitom misi mefed kurTxevac 1157
wlis dasawyisidan agvistomde periodiT unda ganisazRvros.
amrigad, Cven viTvaliswinebT 1160 wels garejSi gadawerili
krebulis (Ven.4-is) anderZis, tbeTis saxarebis (Q-929-is) 1161 wlis
kolofonis, samTavisis taZris 1168 wlis lapidaruli warweris, XII
saukunis somexi istorikosis samuel anecis qronikis, stefanos
orbelianis mier XIII saukunis miwuruls Sedgenili `siuniqis istoriisa~
da XIII-XIV saukuneebis xelnaweri krebulis (A-85-is) kinklosis cnobaTa
urTierTmimarTebas da samecniero sazogadoebas vTavazobT mosazrebas,
rom giorgi III saqarTvelos samefo taxtze avida ara 1156 wels, rogorc
es aqamde iyo miRebuli qarTul istoriografiaSi, aramed, odnav ufro
mogvianebiT, kerZod, 1157 wels 82 .
82 giorgi III-is gamefebis 1157 wliT daTariRebas praqtikulad araviTari koreqtivi ar
Seaqvs Semdgomi periodis qronologiaSi. gamonaklisia giorgi III-is ori sigeli _ 1170
wlisa mRvimisadmi (enuqiZe ... 1984: 67-70) da 1177 wlisa saqarTvelos eklesiisadmi
(enuqiZe ... 1984: 71-72). Cveni mosazrebebis gaTvaliswinebiT, pirveli sabuTi _ 1170-1171,
meore ki _ 1177-1178 wlebiT unda daTariRdes. rac Seexeba danarCen masalas, misma
Seswavlam gviCvena, rom 1157 wlis Semdgomdroindeli arcerTi sxva movlena ar
TariRdeba giorgi III-is zeobis indiktioniT. samagierod, giorgi III-is aRsaydrebis
gadaTariRebam garkveuli cvlilebebi unda Seitanos demetre I-is mmarTvelobis bolo
wlebisa da daviT V-is mefobis ukve damkvidrebul qronologiaSi. Tumca es uaRresad
problematuri sakiTxi warmodgenili naSromis farglebs scildeba da Semdgomi
kvlevis sagans warmoadgens.
97

$2. moqvis episkoposis luka
oZrxelis xuTi minaweri (1363 w.) 83
Tavdapirvelad warmovadgenT gansaxilav minawerebs.
I. Sesrulebulia 3r-s zeda aSiaze. daaxl. 14 X 17 sm. mxedruli. erTi
striqoni. naweria moSavo-moyavisfro melniT. gankveTilobis niSani _
orwertili. qaragmis niSnebi ar axlavs. kolofonis dasawyisi da
dasasruli moqceulia sarestavracio qaRaldis qveS. es fragmentebi
amovikiTxeT nawilobriv, xelnaweris originalSi, neonis naTurisa da
ultraiisferi sxivebis daxmarebiT.
[wign-] [- - -] sanatreli: xe[l...]
wign[i] [ese] `sanatreli~ xel.. .
II. Sesrulebulia 187r-s zeda naxevarze. 18,4 X 13,5 sm. mxedruli.
qanwili _ xveulad. naweria moSavo-moyavisfro melniT. qanwilTan
dasmuli orwertili _ singuriT. gankveTilobis niSnebi _ wertili an
orwertili TiTqmis yoveli sityvis Semdeg. qaragmis niSnebi ar axlavs.
minaweris marcxena kide moqceulia sarestavracio qaRaldis qveS. es
fragmentebi amovikiTxeT xelnaweris originalSi, neonis naTuris gamWol
Suqze. teqsts axasiaTebs aemetoba.
[q:] qristes. merno: Zmano: dano: yuvlno:
[mo]yuareno: sasufevlisano: codvili:
[mo]quli: oZÃeli: luka: gevdrebiT:
[vina]ca: ama: wignsa: miemTxuvaneT: WemaTuis:
[Sen]doba: brZaneT: aqa Jami: vuwirve:
[mit]rapolitsa: da: Tqunca: Sendoba:
[mib]rZaneT:
83 winamdebare paragrafSi ganxiluli sakiTxebisa da miRebuli daskvnebis ZiriTadi
nawili Setanili gvaqvs 2003-2004 wlebSi dabeWdil or statiaSi: 1. `moqvis ucnobi
episkoposi luka oZrxeli (1360-iani ww.) da misi xuTi minaweri XII saukunis garejuli
krebulis (Ven.4-is) aSiebidan~ (jojua 2003g); da 2. `ramdenime axali cnoba moqveli
episkoposis luka oZrxelis (1360-iani ww.) biografiisaTvis~ (jojua 2004).
98

q. qristes m{i}erno Zmano, dano, y{o}v{e}lno | moyuareno
sasufevlisano, codvili | moquli oZÃeli luka gev{e}drebiT, | vinca
ama wignsa miemTxuvneT, {C}emTuis | Sendoba brZaneT. aqa Jami
vuwirve | mitrapolitsa da Tqu{e}nca SendobaÁ | mibrZaneT.
III. Sesrulebulia 208r-s qveda aSiaze. 17,9 X 6,7 sm. mxedruli. ori
striqoni. naweria moSavo-moyavisfro melniT. gankveTilobis niSani _
orwertili TiTqmis yoveli sityvis Semdeg. qaragmad naxmaria marjvena
kidiT zeaweuli horizontaluri xazi. II striqonis dasawyisi dakargulia
furclis zedapiris aqerclis gamo. es fragmenti aRdgenili gvaqvs
konteqstis mixedviT. amave II striqonis qveda kide da dasasruli moqceu-
lia sarestavracio qaRaldis qveS. es fragmentebi amovikiTxeT
xelnaweris originalSi, neonis naTuris gamWol Suqze.
moqulisaTis: vinca: Sendob[a: br]
[Zan]˜T: R˜Tman: Segindos: T[quenca]
moqulisaT{u}is vinca Sendoba br|Zan(o)T, R(mer)Tman Segindos Tquenca.
IV. Sesrulebulia 265v-sa da 266r-s qveda aSiebze. 25,7 X 3,8 sm.
mxedruli. qanwili _ mTavruliT. erTi striqoni. teqsti iwyeba 265v-ze da
sruldeba 266r-ze. naweria moSavo-moyavisfro melniT. gankveTilobis
niSani _ orwertili TiTqmis yoveli sityvis Semdeg. qaragmad naxmaria
marcxniv daxrili horizontaluri xazi. minaweris dasasruli moqceulia
sarestavracio qaRaldis qveS. es fragmenti amovikiTxeT xelnaweris
originalSi, neonis naTuris gamWol Suqze.
A
moqulsa: oZrÃellsa lukas R[T˜man: Seondvnes:]
q. moqulsa oZrÃel{e}lsa 84 lukas R(mer)Tman Se{u}ndvnes.
84 aRniSnuli sityva 2002 gamoqveynebul erT-erT statiaSi SecdomiT gvqonda wakiTxuli
rogorc: `omar-yofilsa~ (jojua 2003g: 35-36).
99

V. Sesrulebulia 303r-s qveda aSiaze. 16,6 X 4,2 sm. mxedruli. ori
striqoni. naweria moSavo-moyavisfro melniT. gankveTilobis niSani _
orwertili TiTqmis yoveli sityvis Semdeg. qaragmis niSnebi ar axlavs.
teqstis dasawyisi dakargulia 303r-s marcxena aSiidan sarestavracio
qaRaldis aZrobisa da furclis zedapiris dazianebis gamo. es fragmenti
aRdgenili gvaqvs konteqstis mixedviT.
[o]ras: da: sami: welwdi: aris: odes
ese wgni dawerila
oras da sami wel{i}w{a}di aris, odes | ese w{i}gni dawerila.
pirvel rigSi, gavarkvioT minawerebis avtoris vinaoba. II, III, da IV
kolofonebze dayrdnobiT, danamdvilebiT SeiZleba iTqvas, rom minawerebi
Sesrulebulia `moquli lukas~ anu moqveli episkoposis lukas mier: II.
`codvili moquli... luka gevedrebiT, vinca ama wignsa miemTxuvneT, CemTuis
Sendoba brZaneT~; III. `moqulisaTuis vinca Sendoba brZanoT, RmerTman
Segindos Tquenca~; da IV. `moqulsa... lukas RmerTman Seundvnes~ 85 .
rodis iyo dawerili luka moqvelis kolofonebi? am kiTxvaze
pasuxs V minaweris teqsti gvawvdis: `oras da sami weliwadi aris, odes
ese wigni dawerila~. amrigad, irkveva, rom luka moqvelis V kolofoni,
masTan erTad ki, danarCeni oTxi minaweric, Sesrulebuli iyo `wignis~,
igive garejuli krebulis gadanusxvidan (1160 w.) `oras da sami~ (203)
wlis Semdeg anu 1363 wels (1160+203=1363 w.).
85 aRsaniSnavia, rom kolofonebSi luka oZrxelis saepiskoposo wodeba moyvanilia
`moquli~-s formiT, romelic, Tavis mxriv, toponim `moqvi~-s arqauli fonetikuri
variantebidan _ `moqÂ~-`moqu~-dan unda momdinareobdes. `matiane qarTlisa~ (XI s.) _
`aman (afxazTa mefe leon III-m (957-967 ww.) _ T. j.) aRaSena eklesia moqÂsa da Seqmna
saydrad saepiskoposod, akurTxa da ganasrula yovliTa gangebiTa~ (matiane qarTlisa
1955: 270); vaxuSti batoniSvilis `aRwera samefosa saqarTvelosa~ (1742-1745 ww.) _ `xolo
ama egrisis mdinaris dasavliT dis moqÂs mdinare Cdilodam samÃriT. gamosdis kavkass
da mierTvis ilors zRuas. am mdinaresa zeda, mTaSi, ars moqus eklesia gumbaTiani,
didnagebi. aRaSena T˜(9) mefeman afxazTaman leon SemkobiTa didiTa. zis episkopozi,
mwyemsi kodoris mdinarisa da moqÂs mdinaris Sorisis adgilisa. aramed ese mdinare
moqÂsa dis moquamde aRmosavlidam dasavleTad, xolo moqÂs mdinaris dasavliT dis
kodoris mdinare~ (batoniSvili vaxuSti 1973: 780-781).
100

sad da romel savaneSi iyo daculi garejuli krebuli 1363 wels,
rodesac is luka moqvelma moixila? am kiTxvaze pasuxis gacemis mizniT,
kidev erTxel unda mivubrundeT Ven.4-is istorias.
Cven zemoT vaCveneT, rom 1160 wels garejSi gadawerili krebuli XV
saukunis II naxevrisaTvis ukve wmida miwaze iyo gadatanili da ierusali-
mis erT-erTi qarTuli eklesiisa Tu monastris sakuTrebas warmoadgenda.
aqedan, logikurad gamomdinareobs daskvna, rom 1363 wlisaTvis Ven.4 an
kvlavindeburad garejis mravalmTaSi inaxeboda, an kidev, ukve wmida
miwaze iyo gadatanili.
es, erTi SexedviT, zogadi daskvna Zalzed aiolebs viTarebas.
marTlac, luka moqvelis II kolofonSi vawydebiT iseT miniSnebas, ro-
melic saSualebas gvaZlevs, zustad davadginoT, Tu sad inaxeboda
garejuli krebuli 1363 wels. mxedvelobaSi gvaqvs II minaweris pirveli
winadadeba: `q. qristes mierno Zmano, dano, yovelni moyuareno sasu-
fevlisano, codvili moquli oZÃeli luka gevedrebiT, vinca ama wignsa
miemTxuvneT, CemTuis Sendoba brZaneT~.
citirebuli teqstidan naTlad Cans, rom moqveli mRvdelmTavari
Sendobis Tqmas evedreba aramxolod samonastro Zmobas, aramed sadRac
iqve mosagre monazon dedebsac: `qristes mierno Zmano, dano~. aRniSnuli
garemoeba a priori gamoricxavs kolofonis garejSi daweris SesaZ-
leblobas. marTlac, dReisaTvis samecniero literaturaSi myarad aris
dadgenili, rom garejis mravalmTis udabnoebSi dedebs arasodes umoRva-
wiaT da aqauri savaneebic mxolod mowese mamebisaTvis iyo gankuTvnili.
aRniSnulidan gamomdinare, ufro misaRebi Cans is mosazreba, rom
luka moqvelma garejuli krebuli wmida miwaze moixila. miRebuli
daskvnis sasargeblod, pirvel rigSi, metyvelebs is garemoeba, rom Sua
saukuneebSi ierusalimsa da mis SemogarenSi moqmedebda, sul mcire, sami
qarTuli dedaTa monasteri mainc: kappaTa, dertavi da derTufa (menabde
1980: 145-147). Sesabamisad, ierusalimis qarTul koloniaSi, garejis
samonastro Zmobisgan gansxvavebiT, gaerTianebuli iyvnen deda-moweseebic
da amitomac, sulac ar aris gasakviri, rom luka moqveli Sendobis Tqmas
maTac evedreboda.
101

Cveni mosazrebis marTebulobas adasturebs kidev erTi garemoeba.
luka moqvelis minawerSi naxsenebi fraza _ `Zmano da dano~, Zalzed gav-
rcelebuli da praqtikulad, trafaretuli gamonaTqvamis saxiT gvxvdeba
ierusalimis jvris qarTvelTa monastris saaRape wignis CanawerebSi:
`...gaviCineT juarisa mamaman ioane moZRuarman da kandelakman da aRdgo-
mel(a)man da srulad saR(m)aToman krebulman ZmaTa da daTa: saxarebasa
da sÂnaqsarsa zeda dalocva~ (metreveli 1962: 76); `Cuen, juarelTa ZmaTa
da daÁTa da sruliad saR(mr)T(o)man krebulman, davdeviT ese wigni...~
(metreveli 1962: 77); `patronsa qaixosros Seundvnes RmerTman, ZmaTa da
daÁTaÁca mravali moguces calke...~ (metreveli 1962: 77) da sxv.
amrigad, vfiqrobT, danamdvilebiT SeiZleba iTqvas, rom 1363 wels,
roca luka moqvelma Ven.4 moixila, garejuli krebuli ukve wmida miwaze
iyo daculi da erT-erT adgilobriv qarTul eklesiasa Tu monasterSi
inaxeboda.
miRebuli daskvna, pirvel rigSi, Ven.4-is kodikologiisaTvis aris
mniSvnelovani. marTlac, winamdebare naSromis I TavSi mxolod imis
dadgena SevZeliT, rom garejuli krebuli wmida miwaze XV saukunis II
naxevris winare xanebSi iyo gadatanili. luka moqvelis kolofonebi gar-
kveulwilad azusteben am TariRs da gvauwyeben, rom Ven.4 1363 wels ukve
ierusalimis erT-erT qarTul savaneSi iyo daculi.
amgvarad, dgindeba, rom 1160 wlis garejuli krebuli saqarTvelodan
wmida miwaze gadatanili iyo ara XV saukunis II naxevarSi, aramed
gacilebiT ufro adre, 1363 wlis winare xanebSi.
luka moqvelis minawerebs didi mniSvneloba aqvs moqvis saepis-
koposos istoriisaTvisac. daviwyoT imiT, rom Ven.4-is kolofonebSi mox-
seniebuli luka moqvelis saxeli specialuri literaturisaTvis sru-
lebiT ucnobia. igi Seyvanili ar aris moqvis episkoposTa arc lia axa-
laZis (axalaZe 1998: 73-75), arc beJan xoravas (xorava 1998: 1998. 48-52) da
arc giorgi kalandias (kalandia 2002: 208-215) mier Sedgenil qronolo-
giur rigebSi.
garejuli krebulis 1363 wlis kolofonebi erTgvarad avseben am
xarvezs da warmogvidgenen aqamde ucnob mRvdelmTavars _ luka moqvels,
102

omlis moRvaweobac, misive minawerebis TariRidan (1363 w.) gamomdinare,
daaxloebiT XIV saukunis 60-iani wlebiT unda ganisazRvros 86 .
garda amisa, Ven.4-is kolofonebi Zvirfas cnobebs gvawvdian moqvis
saepiskopososa da ierusalimis qarTuli koloniis urTierTobebis Sesa-
xebac. rogorc garejuli krebulis minawerebidan irkveva, 1363 wels erT-
erTma moqvelma mRvdelmTavarma lukam wmida miwaze imogzaura. man erT-
erT adgilobriv, savaraudod, qarTul savaneSi saRmrTo liturgia aRas-
rula da vinme mitropolits Jami uwira. wmida miwaze yofnis dros luka
moqveli sagangebod gaecno adgilobrivi qarTuli koloniis kuTvnil
xelnawerebs da erT-erTi maTganis, 1160 wlis garejuli krebulis
aSiebze sakuTari xeliT Seasrula xuTi mxedruli minaweris teqsti 87 .
86 aq usaTuod unda SevexoT kidev erTi ucnobi moqveli episkoposis sakiTxs. samecniero
wreebisaTvis kargad aris cnobili 1300 wlis moqvis oTxTavi, romlis minawerebSic
moxseniebulia oTxi moqveli mRvdelmTavari _ danieli, abrahami, ambria da filipe: 1.
`d[a]n[ie]l moq[ue]l mTavarebiskopozi~; 2. `moqvisaÁ R(mr)TismSobelo! Seiwyale suli
Tq(ue)n win mdegisaÁ moqvel mTavar ebiskopozisaÁ abrahamisaÁ, a(mi)n~ (qaragmis gaxsna
Cvenia _ T. j.); 3. `mTavar ebiskozsa [!] moqvelsa ambr(i)as S(eundv)n(e)s R(merTma)n, a(mi)n~
(qaragmis gaxsna Cvenia _ T. j.); da 4. `sulsa moq[ve]l mTavar ebikopossa [!] CxetiZesa
filipessa S(eundv)nes R(merTma)n, a(mi)n~ (qaragmis gaxsna Cvenia _ T. j.) (bregaZe ... 1959a:
314-315). amaTgan, moqvel episkoposTa qronologiur rigebSi Seyvanilia mxolod sami
episkoposi: danieli, abrahami da filipe (axalaZe 1998: 73-75; xorava 1998: 48-52; kalandia
2002: 208-215). rac Seexeba meoTxe mRvdelmTavars _ ambrias, mas mkvlevrebi ratomRac
saerTod uvlian gverds. aseTi damokidebuleba, Tavis mxriv, mxolod imiT SeiZleba
iyos gamowveuli, rom qronologiuri rigebis Semdgenlebma, romlebic SesaniSnavad
icnoben moqvis oTxTavis kolofonebs, abrahami da ambria erTi da imave pirad miiCnies,
rac, rasakvirvelia, Secdomaa. daviwyoT imiT, rom bibliuri wignebis Tanaxmad, abrahami||abraami
(Sesaqme 26,3; 32,9; isu naves Ze 24,3; esaia 51,2; maTe 3,9; luka 3,8; ioane 8,39; 8,56;
saqme mociqulTa 7,2; romaelTa 4,1; 4,12; 4,16) da ambria (III mefeTa 16,16; 16,21; 16,25; 16,30;
III mefeTa 8,26; malaqia winaswarmetyveli 6,16) srulebiT sxvadasxva saxelebia. metic,
bibliur paralelebs rom davaneboT Tavi, abrahamisa da ambrias sxvadasxvaoba moqvis
oTxTavis kolofonebidanac naTlad Cans. aq pirveli saxeli gadmocemulia, rogorc:
`abrahami~, xolo meore saxeli,rogorc: `ambr(i)a~ (bregaZe ... 1959a: 314-315). garda amisa,
gasaTvaliswinebelia isic, rom ambrias minaweri ufro naklebkaligrafiuli xeliT
aris Sesrulebuli, vidre _ abrahamisa (bregaZe ... 1959a: 315), rac, Tavis mxriv, swored
imaze miuTiTebs, rom gansaxilavi kolofonebis damweri sxvadasxva piri iyo. es
garemoeba ki kidev ufro naklebsarwmunos xdis abrahamisa da ambrias gaigivebas. aqedan
gamomdinare, vfiqrobT, rom aRniSnuli xarvezi usaTuod unda gaswordes da
moqvel mRvdelmTavarTa rigs, luka oZrxelis garda, daematos kidev erTi piri _ mTavarepiskoposi
ambria. calke saubris Temaa ambria moqvelis moRvaweobis qronologia.
Cveni dakvirvebiT, am sakiTxis garkveva Sesabamisi kolofonis paleografiuli
monacemebis Seswavlis safuZvelze unda moxdes, es ki, scildeba Cveni amJamindeli
interesebis farglebs.
87 aqve SevniSnavT, rom moqveli lukas piligrimobis faqti sxva mxrivac aris
aRsaniSnavi. kerZod, luka aris pirveli da, jerjerobiT, erTaderTi episkoposi
CvenTvis cnobil moqvel mRvdelmTavrebs Soris, visac raime saxis kavSiri hqonda
wmida miwaze moRvawe qarTul koloniasTan.
103

yovelive zemoTqmulis Semdeg, oriode sityviT unda SevexoT II ko-
lofonSi moxseniebuli `mitrapolitis~ sakiTxsac 88 . aq saintereso, pir-
vel rigSi, is aris, Tu saxeldobr romeli eklesiis mRvdelmTavari igu-
lisxmeba teqstSi _ afxazeTis sakaTolikososi, qarTlis sapatriarqosi
Tu wmida miwaze moqmedi romelime sxva marTlmadidebeli eklesiisa?
moxmobili CamonaTvalidan amTaviTve unda gamoiricxos afxazeTis
sakaTolikoso. dReisaTvis dadgenilia, rom lixTimereTis mRvdelmTav-
rebi mitropolitis wodebas mxolod XVI saukunidan flobdnen. rogorc
irkveva, es tituli pirvelad bediel mRvdelmTavars anton JuaniZes
miuRia (kalandia 2000: 498-499; Sdr.: gabisonia 2006: 61).
afxazeTis sakaTolikosos msgavsad, amTaviTve unda gamoiricxos qar-
Tlis sapatriarqoc. marTalia, aq ukve XIII saukunidan vxedavT mitropo-
litis pativis mqone mRvdelmTavars, magram es ukanaskneli CvenTvis
cnobil werilobiT ZeglebSi moxseniebulia ara zogadad `mitropoli-
tis~, aramed konkretulad `somxeTis mitropolitis~ wodebiT da amitom
Ven.4-is minawerSic ufro am formiT unda yofiliyo moxseniebuli.
aRniSnulidan gamomdinare, safiqrebelia, rom luka moqvelis
kolofonSi moxseniebuli `mitrapoliti~ gulisxmobda ierusalimis
patriarqisadmi daqvemdebarebul erT-erT adgilobriv mRvdelmTavars,
romelsac, savaraudod, wmida miwis qarTuli koloniis saeklesio
zedamxedveloba hqonda davalebuli.
samwuxarod, Cvens xelT arsebuli masala gansaxilav sakiTxTan da-
kavSirebiT, ufro konkretuli daskvnebis gamotanis uflebas ar iZleva
da amitomac iZulebuli varT, jerjerobiT, mxolod zogadi mosazrebis
gamoTqmiT SemovifargloT.
mas Semdeg, rac SeZlebisdagvarad srulad gavaanalizeT garejuli
krebulis 1363 wlis kolofonebSi daculi cnobebi, gadavwyviteT,
damatebiTi masala mogveZiebina luka moqvelis Sesaxeb. sabednierod, am
88 sagulisxmoa, rom es sityva, agreTve, `mitrapoliti~-s formiT aris gadmocemuli XIII
saukunis ZeglebSic: `kurTxeva mironisa~ _ `...didsa somxeTisa mitrapolitsa hmarTebs
nivTTa zeda dgomad. da quabni sakurTxevelTaT gamoixunen da mitrapolitsa da qadagsa
etÂrTnen ketni quabTani. winaTa ketTa mitrapoliti Seudges da ukanaTa qadagi~
(doliZe 1965: 47); `gangeba darbazobisa~ _ `Semovides didis somxeTisa mitrapoliti da
dajdes kaTalikozsa quemoT, natiTa da baliSiTa. Semovides mTavarefiskopozi da
dajdes mitrapolitsa quemoT, natiTa, ubaliSod~ (doliZe 1965: 48).
104

mimarTulebiT muSaoba sakmaod Sedegiani gamodga da luka moqvelis mier
Sesrulebul kidev sam teqsts mivakvlieT.
es teqstebia: xelnawerTa erovnuli centris qarTul xelnawerTa A
koleqciaSi 65-e nomriT daculi 1188-1210 wlebis xelnaweri krebulis,
igive `astrologiuri traqtatis~ (A-65-is) ori kolofoni da javaxeTSi
mdebare vanis qvabebis monastris mcire gumbaTiani eklesiis erT-erT
kedelze Sesrulebuli savedrebeli warwera.
Tavdapirvelad warmovadgenT A-65-is minawerebs.
I. Sesrulebulia A-65-is 1v-s zeda aSiaze. 10,4 X 2,2 sm. mxedruli.
erTi striqoni. naweria Savi feris melniT. gankveTilobis niSani _
orwertili yoveli sityvis Semdeg. qaragmad naxmaria marcxena kidiT
zeviT aprexili horizontaluri xazi. kolofonis bolo fragmenti
mTlianad aris gadasuli furclis zedapiris gacrecvisa da melnis
gauferulebis gamo. dakarguli nawyveti minaweris zogadi konteqstis
mixedviT gvaqvs aRdgenili. kolofonis teqsts axasiaTebs aemetoba.
il(?)orisa: moqulsa: Ss: R˜Taman: [- - - -]
`ilorisa(?). moqulsa S{eundvne}s R(mer)Tman. [amen]~ (xelnawerTa
erovnuli centri, A-65, 1v).
II. Sesrulebulia `astrologiuri traqtatis~ 214v-s qveda naxevarze,
amave gverdze warmodgenili bibliuri sakiTxavis _ `qebaÁ qebaTaÁs~ teq-
stis marjvena svetis qvemoT. 9,5 X 3,4 sm. mxedruli. ori striqoni. nawe-
ria Savi feris melniT. gankveTilobis niSani _ orwertili TiTqmis yove-
li sityvis Semdeg. qaragmad naxmaria marcxena kidiT zeviT aprexili ho-
rizontaluri xazi. I striqonis bolo fragmenti TiTqmis mTlianad aris
gadasuli furclis zedapiris gacrecvisa da melnis gauferulebis gamo.
aRniSnuli nawyvetidan amovikiTxeT mxolod pirveli ori grafema _ lu.
amaSi didi daxmareba gagviwia A-65-is Sav-TeTrma fotopirma, romelic
xelnawerTa erovnuli centris sakuTrebas warmoadgens. rac Seexeba ga-
dasuli fragmentis bolo oTx grafemas _ kasa, isini, kolofonis zogadi
konteqstis mixedviTa da Ven.4-is aSiebze daculi 1363 wlis minawerebis
gaTvaliswinebiT gvaqvs aRdgenili. kolofonis teqsts, I minaweris msgav-
sad, axasiaTebs aemetoba.
oZÃis: deknozs: Svilsa lu - - - -
105

Seodos: R˜Taman
`oZÃis{a} dek{a}noz{i}s{a} Svilsa lu[kasa] | Se{un}dos
R(mer)Tman~ (xelnawerTa erovnuli centri, A-65, 214v).
rac Seexeba vanis qvabebis mcire gumbaTovani eklesiis savedrebel
warweras, mas 1933 wlis zafxulSi miakvlia niko berZeniSvilma. mkvlevarma
srulad amoikiTxa savedrebeli da misi teqsti 1974 wels gamoaqveyna
Tavisi `saqarTvelos istoriis sakiTxebis~ I wignSi. amave wignSi warmod-
genili iyo vanis qvabebis mcire gumbaTovani eklesiis ramdenime warwerisa
da maT Soris, CvenTvis saintereso savedrebelis grafikuli monaxazi
(berZeniSvili 1964: 116, 118-119, 121).
dasaxelebul publikaciaSi niko berZeniSvili mogviTxrobs:
`dilaadrian (igulisxmeba 1933 wlis 19 agvisto _ T. j.) gogaSnel ymawvil
mirian naTenaZesTan erTad... vanis-qvabis Zirs mivadeqiT... kldeSi asi
metris simaRleze (meoTxe sarTulze) moCans patara TeTri eklesia (mcire
gumbaTovani eklesia _ T. j.). gvarwmuneben, rom iq raRac warwerebia...
avediT `TeTr eklesiaSi~. es aris patara eklesia SigniT da garedan
TeTrad galesili. kedlebi mravalgan minawerebiTaa aWrelebuli. magram
es araa Cveni drois mjRabnelebis saqmianoba. es warwerebi umTavresad XV-
XVI saukunes ar unda scildeboden. warwerebi sul mÃedrulia. raRac
Savi saRebaviT naweri. aqa-iq gadasulia, magram umravlesoba jer kidev
Senaxulia... warwerebi aTeulobiT iTvleba. ikiTxeba friad Znelad. saWi-
roa ori kacis xangrZlivi guldasmiTi muSaoba... me ki rasac movaswreb
or-sam saaTSi, is aris... (mkvlevari Tanmimdevrulad warmogvidgens pirvel
xuT warweras da mxolod amis Semdeg gadadis CvenTvis saintereso
savedrebelze _ T. j.):
q. friada: codvilsa: oZrÃelelsa: dekanozisa Svilsa lukas: Sn: |
RTmn da: vinc: brZanT Tqvenca. Segivnes: RTman amin iyavn.
e. i. q. friad codvilsa oZrÃelelsa dekanozisSvilsa lukas
Seundven RmerTman da vinc brZanoT, Tquenca Segindevnes RmerTman. amin
iyavn~ (berZeniSvili 1964: 116, 118-119, 121).
vidre A-65-is minawerebsa da vanis qvabebis warweraSi daculi
cnobebis analizze gadavidodeT, aucileblad unda SevexoT am uTariRo
teqstebis qronologiis sakiTxs.
106

Cven zemoT aRvniSneT, rom Ven.4-is xuTi minaweri, A-65-is ori
kolofoni da vanis qvabebis savedrebeli warwera absoluturad
identuri xeliT anu luka moqvelis mieraa Sesrulebuli. xolo vinaidan
CvenTvis ukve cnobilia garejuli krebulis minawerebis TariRi _ 1363
weli, SesaZlebloba gvaqvs, ganvsazRvroT danarCeni sami teqstis
qronologiac.
kerZod, A-65-is I minawerSi luka moxseniebulia `moqulad~ anu moqvis
episkoposad, rac imas niSnavs, rom `astrologiuri traqtatis~ minawerebi
da Ven.4-is kolofonebi Sesrulebulia daaxloebiT erTsa da imave
periodSi, lukas moqvelobis Jams anu 1360-ian wlebSi.
erTi SexedviT, amave 1360-ian wlebSi unda iyos Sesrulebuli vanis
qvabebis warwerac. Tumca, aq gasaTvaliswinebelia is garemoeba, rom am
savedrebelSi luka jer kidev ar aris moxseniebuli moqvel episkoposad
da amitom vanis qvabebis warwera SedarebiT ufro adreuli periodiT anu
daaxloebiT XIV saukunis SuaxanebiT unda daTariRdes 89 .
mas Semdeg, rac A-65-is minawerebisa da vanis qvabebis savedrebelis
saxiT, damatebiTi masala gagviCnda luka moqvelis biografiuli detale-
bis dasazusteblad, kidev erTxel vubrundebiT garejuli krebulis
kolofonebs da yuradRebas sagangebod vamaxvilebT II da IV minawerebis
im fragmentebze, sadac kolofonebis avtori moqvis mRvdelmTavrobis
paralelurad, `oZÃelad~ da `oZrÃelelad~ aris moxseniebuli: II. `cod-
vili moquli oZÃeli luka gevedrebiT~; da IV. `moqulsa oZrÃelelsa
lukas RmerTman Seundvnes~.
ras gulisxmobs luka moqvelis `oZÃelad~ da `oZrÃelelad~
moxseniebis faqti?
rogorc gansaxilav leqsikur erTeulebze dakvirveba aCvenebs, orive
es forma organulad aris dakavSirebuli toponim `oZrÃesTan~, romelic,
Tavis mxriv, samcxeSi, Tanamedrove abasTumnis midamoebSia dadas-
89 aqve, xazgasmiT SevniSnavT im faqts, rom niko berZeniSvils vanis qvabebis mcire
gumbaTovani eklesiis mTeli epigrafikuli fondi da maT Soris, CvenTvis saintereso
savedrebeli, zogadad, XV-XVI saukuneebiT hqonda daTariRebuli (berZeniSvili 1964:
116, 118-119, 121). winamdebare naSroms, garkveuli koreqtivi Seaqvs am daTariRebaSi da
aCvenebs, rom vanis qvabebis mcire gumbaTovani eklesiis warwerebis qveda qronologiuri
zRvari unda ganisazRvros ara XV saukuniT, aramed gacilebiT ufro adreuli
periodiT, kerZod ki, XIV saukunis SuaxanebiT.
107

turebuli da samxreT saqarTvelos erT-erTi uZvelesi punqtis,
istoriuli cixe-qalaqi oZrxes saxelwodebas warmoadgens 90 .
aRniSnuli dakvirvebidan gamomdinare, Ven.4-is kolofonebSi
dadasturebuli formebis _ `oZÃelisa~ da `oZrÃelelis~ Sinaarsoblivi
datvirTvis asaxsnelad SegviZlia davuSvaT sami savaraudo hipoTeza:
1. `oZÃeSi~||`oZrÃeSi~ igulisxmeba samcxeSi mdebare cnobili cixe-qa-
laqi oZrxe da luka moqvelis `oZÃeloba~||`oZrÃelelobac~ unda gavigoT,
rogorc misi gvari da imavdroulad, naTesauri kuTvnileba am cixe-
qalaqis mflobelTa anu oZrxelTa feodaluri saxlisadmi.
2. `oZÃe~||`oZrÃe~ gvesmis ara cixe-qalaqis, aramed iqve, cixe-qalaqis
ganapiras, mdinareebis _ kurcxanasa da ocxiswylis SesayarTan mdebare
e. w. rusudanis monastris mniSvnelobiT da luka moqvelis
`oZÃeloba~||`oZrÃelelobasac~ moviazrebT misi, rogorc am savanis wina-
mZRvrisa Tu moZRvris sasuliero wodebas.
3. `oZÃeSi~||`oZrÃeSi~ igulisxmeba cixe-qalaqi oZrxe da luka
moqvelis `oZÃeloba~||`oZrÃelelobac~ aRniSnavs mis sadaurobas, ufro
zustad ki, warmomavlobas cixe-qalaqi oZrxedan.
ganvixiloT samive hipoTeza cal-calke. daviwyoT meore versiiT,
romlis Tanxmadac luka moqveli, savaraudod, cixe-qalaqi oZrxis ga-
napiras mdebare rusudanis monastris winamZRvari Tu moZRvari unda iyos.
vidre uSualod am versiis ganxilvas SevudgebodeT, aucileblad gavar-
kvioT, iwodeboda Tu ara rodesme rusudanis monasteri `oZrxis~ monastrad.
aRniSnul sakiTxs pirvelad istorikosi devi berZeniSvili Seexo. man
yuradReba miaqcia vanis qvabebis mcire gumbaTovani eklesiis im
savedrebels, romelic zemoT gvqonda motanili da daaskvna, rom am
warweraSi moxseniebuli `oZrÃeleli dekanozi~ rusudanis monastris
dekanozi unda yofiliyo (berZeniSvili 2002: 4, 7, 10).
Cven ar viziarebT devi berZeniSvilis am mosazrebas da migvaCnia,
rom vanis qvabebis savedrebelSi `oZrÃelelad~ moxseniebulia ara
90 ramdenadac CvenTvis aris cnobili, toponimi `oZrÃe~ saqarTveloSi sxvagan arsad
gvxvdeba, amitom, raime aRreva, am mxriv, praqtikulad, gamoricxulia. sxvaTa Soris, es
daskvna sxva mxrivac aris mniSvnelovani. kerZod, Tu Cveni dakvirveba sworia, maSin
gamodis, rom Ven.4-is kolofonSi Semonaxuli gvqonia aRniSnuli toponimis uiSviaTesi
108

dekanozi, aramed misi vaJi luka: `q. friad codvilsa oZrÃelelsa,
dekanozis Svilsa lukas Seundven RmerTman...~ (punqtuacia Cvenia _ T.
j.) 91 . Sesabamisad, vanis qvabebis warweraSi dadasturebuli sityva `oZrÃe-
leli~ ar gamodgeba imis samtkiceblad, rom Sua saukuneebSi rusudanis
monasteri `oZrxis~ monastrad iwodeboda.
samagierod, devi berZeniSvilis daskvnis sasargeblod metyvelebs
`astrologiuri traqtatis~ II minaweri, sadac luka moqveli
moxseniebulia, rogorc `oZÃis dekanozis~ vaJi: `oZÃisa dekanozisa
forma `oZÃe~, romelic gardamaval fonetikur variants warmoadgens adreuli periodis
`oZrÃesa~ da gviandel `ocxes~ Soris: oZrÃe>oZÃe>ocxe (WinWarauli 1998: 102-113).
91 aRniSnul sakiTxTan dakavSirebiT, garkveul orazrovnebas Tavad savedreblis teqsti
iwvevs, romelic avtors imgvarad aqvs dawerili, rom sityva `oZrÃeleli~, erTi SexedviT,
Tavisuflad miemarTeba rogorc lukas, ise _ mis mamas: `q. friada: codvilsa: oZrÃelelsa:
dekanozisa Svilsa lukas: Sn: | RTmn da: vinc: brZanT Tqvenca. Segivnes:
RTman amin iyavn~ (berZeniSvili 1964: 121). am detals pirvelad niko berZeniSvilma miaqcia
yuradReba. man teqstSi moyvanili fraza `dekanozisa Svilsa~, rogorc Cans, lukas
gvarad miiRo da warweris es adgilic Sesabamisi saxiT waikiTxa: `q. friad codvilsa
oZrÃelelsa dekanozisSvilsa lukas Seundven RmerTman...~ (berZeniSvili 1964:
121). aq, erTi SexedviT, TiTqos SegveZlo dagveSva sapirispiro varaudic da gvefiqra,
rom didi mecnieri sityva `dekanozs~ socialuri terminis mniSvnelobiT igebda, xolo
frazas _ `dekanozisa Svilsa lukas~, moiazrebda, rogorc lukas mamis dekanozad moxseniebis
faqts. Tumca, aseTi varaudi naklebad sarwmuno Cans. niko berZeniSvils `dekanozi~
marTlac socialur terminad rom mieRo, maSin is am sityvas araviTar Sem-
TxvevaSi ar gaaerTianebda momdevno sityva `SvilTan~, radgan aseTi SerwymiT termini
`dekanozi~ saerTod kargavs sakuTar socialur bunebas da konkretuli gvaris _
`dekanozisSvilis~ mdgenelad iqceva. amrigad, safiqrebelia, rom niko berZeniSvili
gansaxilav frazaSi _ `dekanozisa Svilsa lukas~, mxolod erT pirovnebas _ luka dekanozisSvils
xedavda da `oZrÃelelic~, savaraudod, an lukas sasuliero wodebad an
misi sadaurobis maCvenebel sityvad miaCnda. vanis qvabebis savedrebeltan dakav-
SirebiT, niko berZeniSvilisagan gansxvavebuli azri gamoTqva devi berZeniSvilma. man
warweraSi dadasturebuli `dekanozi~ socialur terminad gaigo da savedreblis pirvel
winadadebaSi ori sxvadasxva piri _ vinme dekanozi da misi vaJi _ luka gamoyo: `q.
friad codvilsa oZrÃelelsa dekanozisa Svilsa lukas Seundven RmerTman~. garda
amisa, mkvlevarma miiCnia, rom lukas mama oZrxis monastris dekanozi unda yofiliyo
(berZeniSvili 2002: 10). samwuxarod, publikaciaSi pirdapir ar aris miTiTebuli, Tu
konkretulad ra arguments emyareboda avtori, rodesac oZrxis monastris dekanozad
maincadamainc lukas mamas acxadebda. Tumca ki, safiqrebelia, rom is amgvar daskvnamde
mxolod mas Semdeg unda misuliyo, rac sityva `oZrÃelels~ ara lukas, aramed _ misi
mamis wodebad gaiazrebda. Cven, Cvenis mxriv, gacilebiT ufro marTebuli gveCveneba
devi berZeniSvilis dakvirvebebi. kerZod, savsebiT viziarebT mis im mosazrebas, rom
fraza _ `dekanozisa Svilsa~ aRniSnavda ara lukas gvars, aramed mis mamisSvilobas.
garda amisa, veTanxmebiT devi berZeniSvilis im daskvnasac, rom warweraSi moixsenieba
ara erTi, aramed ori piri. Tumca, imavdroulad, gansxvavebuli damokidebuleba gvaqvs
lukas mamis `oZrÃelelad~ miCnevis Taobaze. Cveni dakvirvebiT, amgvar daSvebas srulebiT
unda gamoricxavdes savedreblis teqsti. aq micemiT brunvaSi dasmuli msaz-
Rvreli _ `oZrÃelelsa~ SeTanxmebulia aseve micemiTSi dasmuli sazRvrulTan _
`lukas~-Tan da ara sityvasTan _ `dekanozisa~, romelic, Tavis mxriv, naTesaobiT brunvaSia
mocemuli da Tanac, Tavad warmoadgens msazRvrels momdevno sityvis, kerZod, sazRvrulisaTvis
_ `Svilsa~. ase, rom winadadebis sintaqsuri wyoba swored imaze
migviTiTebs, rom sityva `oZrÃelelsa~ miemarTeba ara `dekanozisa~-s, aramed _ `lukas~
109

Svilsa lukasa Seundos RmerTman~. vfiqrobT, aranair eWvs ar iwvevs is
faqti, rom am kolofonSi dadasturebuli termini `dekanozi~ saeklesio
piris wodebas warmoadgens. Sesabamisad, am saeklesio piris samoRvaweo
savane `oZÃec~ ueWvelad cixe-qalaq oZrxis midamoebSi moqmed raime
sasuliero centrs unda gulisxmobdes, romelic, Tavis mxriv, sxva
araferi SeiZleba iyos, Tu ara rusudanis monasteri.
amrigad, irkveva, rom rusudanis monasteri Sua saukuneebSi marTlac
iwodeboda `oZÃis~ anu `oZrxis~ monastrad. ase, rom am mxriv, TiTqos
kidev ufro damajerebeli xdeba mosazreba, rom Ven.4-is kolofonebSi
moxseniebuli `oZÃe~ aRniSnavda oZrxis, igive rusudanis monasters,
xolo luka moqvelis `oZÃeloba~||`oZrÃeleloba~ gulisxmobda mis mier
winamZRvrisa Tu moZRvris saxelos flobas am monasterSi.
miRebuli daskvnis Semdeg logikurad Cndeba kiTxva _ SeiZleboda
Tu ara, rom garejuli krebulis minawerebis avtors erTdroulad
etarebina rogorc moqveli episkoposis maRali samRvdelmTavro xarisxi,
ise oZrxis monastris winamZRvrisa Tu moZRvris, e. i. saeklesio
ierarqiaSi gacilebiT ufro dabla mdgomi sasuliero piris wodeba?
dasmul kiTxavze pasuxis gacemis mizniT, SevniSnavT, rom saqarTve-
los eklesiis istoria mravlad icnobs iseT SemTxvevebs, rodesac esa
Tu is episkoposi, samRvdelmTavro tituliT moxseniebis paralelurad,
ama Tu im monastris arqimandritad, winamZRvrad an moZRvrad iwodeboda.
magaliTisaTvis SegviZlia davasaxeloT XVI saukunis anCeli mTavarepis-
koposi qerabini, vinac mRvdelmTavrobis paralelurad, berTis monastris
winamZRvari da parexTa savanis moZRvaric iyo: `ese wigni movaÃxsene me,
mTavarebiskopozman anCelman qerabin da berTisa winamZRuÀrman [!] da
parexTaman moZRuÀrman [!] TquÀn, berTisa da parexTa R(mr)TismSobelsa...~
(qaragmis gaxsna Cvenia _ T. j.) (bregaZe ... 1959a: 322). aqve, SegviZlia
gavixsenoT XVI saukunis miwurulis ucnobi ninowmideli episkoposic,
vinac, mRvdelmTavrobis paralelurad, garejis monastrebis `makur-
Txevelisa da arqimandritis~ anu `garejelis~ titulsac atarebda: `gamo-
vida maRali brZanebuleba, rom amJamad bednieris, monazonTa [Soris] rCe-
da calsaxad gulisxmobs, rom `oZrÃelelad~ iwodeba ara dekanozi, e. i. lukas mama,
aramed _ Tavad luka.
110

ulis, ninowmindeli episkopozis garejelis mimarT...~ (fuTuriZe 1955: 43.
Sdr.: meliqseT-begi 1949: 153-157) da sxv.
CamonaTvalis gagrZeleba kidev SeiZleboda, magram, vfiqrobT, moxmo-
bili masala savsebiT sakmarisia imisaTvis, raTa luka moqvelis oZrxis
monastris winamZRvrad Tu moZRvrad yofnis faqti, saeklesio ierarqiis
TvalsazrisiT, savsebiT bunebriv movlenad miviCnioT.
miuxedavad imisa, rom ganxiluli hipoTeza sakmaod dasabuTebulad
gamoiyureba, mainc arsebobs erTi, metad mniSvnelovani garemoeba, rom-
elic garkveul eWvs badebs Cvens mier daSvebuli am versiisadmi.
mxedvelobaSi gvaqvs geografiuli faqtori.
daviwyoT imiT, rom moqvis saepiskoposo taZari mdebareobs dasavleT
saqarTveloSi, `afxazeTSi, oCamCiris raionis sofel moqvSi, mdinare
moqvTan misi marjvena Senakadis mdinare dvabis SeerTebis adgilas~
(xorava 1998: 47). rac Seexeba oZrxis, igive rusudanis monasters, is
mdebareobs moqvidan ramdenime aseuli kilometris daSorebiT, samxreT
saqarTveloSi, samcxeSi, cixe-qalaq oZrxis maxloblad, mdinareebis _
kurcxanasa da ocxiswylis SesayarTan (berZeniSvili 2002: 4, 7, 10).
maSasadame, irkveva, rom moqvis saepiskoposo kaTedrasa da oZrxis
monasters Soris moqceulia uzarmazari teritoria, sadac gansaxilav
periodSi anu XIV saukuneSi, sul mcire, oTxi sxva saepiskoposo mainc
moqmedebda: bediis, caiSis, Wyondidis da quTaisisa. aseTi geografiuli
daSorebis pirobebSi ki, moqvis episkopossa da oZrxis monasters Soris,
raime saxis eparqiul-ierarqiul urTierTmimarTebaze saubari, cxadia,
savsebiT ararealuria.
garda amisa, gasaTvaliswinebelia sxva mniSvnelovani garemoebac.
kerZod, moqvis saepiskoposo afxazeTis sakaTolikosos SemadgenlobaSi
Sedioda, romelic 1360-iani wlebisaTvis qarTlis sapatriarqosagan
naxevrad damoukidebel eklesias warmoadgenda. rac Seexeba oZrxis monas-
ters, is awyuris eparqiis teritoriaze mdebareobda, romelic, Tavis
mxriv, qarTlis sapatriarqoSi Semavali erT-erTi saepiskoposo iyo.
aRniSnulidan gamomdinare, naklebad sarwmunoa, rom luka moqveli
erTsa da imave dros, dasavleT saqarTvelos eklesiaSi anu afxazeTis
sakaTolikosoSi episkoposi yofiliyo, xolo aRmosavleT saqrTvelos
111

eklesiaSi anu qarTlis sapatriarqoSi erT-erTi monastris winamZRvrisa
Tu moZRvris wodeba etarebina. Sesabamisad, luka moqvelis oZrxis mo-
nastris winamZRvrad Tu moZRvrad miCneva, am mxrivac, raime myar
safuZvelsaa moklebuli.
yovelive zemoTqmulis Semdeg gadavdivarT momdevno savaraudo
versiaze da vsvamT kiTxvas _ xom ar aRniSnavda Ven.4-is minawerebSi
dadasturebuli leqsikuri erTeulebi _ `oZÃeli~ da `oZrÃeleli~ luka
moqvelis gvars da imavdroulad, mis naTesaur kavSirs cixe-qalaqi
oZrxis mflobelTa anu oZrxelTa feodalur saxlTan?
amgvar daSvebaSi ucnauri da miuRebeli, erTi SexedviT, araferia.
kolofonebis teqstSi aRniSnulia maTi damweris saxeli (luka), gvari
(oZrxeli||oZrxeleli) da sasuliero wodeba (moqveli).
marTlac, CvenTvis cnobilia sxva moqvel episkoposTa minawerebi,
sadac am mRvdelmTavarTa saxelisa da saepiskoposo wodebis garda,
moxseniebulia maTi gvaric: `sulsa moq[ve]l mTavar ebikopossa [!]
CxetiZesa filipessa S(eundv)nes R(merTma)n, a(mi)n~ (qaragmis gaxsna Cvenia
_ T. j.) (bregaZe ... 1959a: 315); `ufalo iesu qriste, RmerTo, adide orTave
cxorebaTa madidebeli Seni moqvel mTavarebiskoposi efTÂmi sayvarelis-
Ze~ (metreveli ... 1957: 52) da sxv.
Sesabamisad, TiTqos araferi gviSlis xels, davaskvnaT, rom
garejuli krebulis minawerebSi dadasturebuli formebi `oZÃeli~ da
`oZrÃeleli~ luka moqvelis aRniSnavda gvars.
meore mxriv, amgvar daSvebas, praqtikulad, gamoricxavs erTi metad
mniSvnelovani garemoeba _ saistorio wyaroebisaTvis ucnobia cixe-qalaq
oZrxis mflobeliTa feodaluri saxli, romlis wevrebic oZrxelis
gvars atarebdnen (berZeniSvili 2002).
aRniSnulidan gamomdinare, savsebiT cxadi xdeba, rom formebis:
`oZÃelisa~ da `oZrÃelelis~ luka moqvelis gvarad miCneva metismetad
hipoTetur daSvebas warmoadgens da am versiis gaziareba raime
damatebiTi argumentaciis gareSe yovlad SeuZlebelia.
amrigad, zemoT daSvebuli sami savaraudo versiidan mxolod erTi,
rigiT mesame hipoTeza gvrCeba, romlis Tanaxmadac leqsikuri erTeulebi
112

_ `oZÃeli~ da `oZrÃeleli~ aRniSnavda luka moqvelis sadaurobas, ufro
zustad ki, mis warmomavlobas cixe-qalaqi oZrxedan.
swored am, mesame versiis sasargeblod metyvelebs garejuli
krebulis minawerebsa da vanis qvabebis savedrebelSi dadasturebuli
erTi mniSvnelovani garemoeba. kerZod, Cven zemoT vnaxeT, rom luka
moqveli Ven.4-is II kolofonis teqstSi sakuTar Tavs `oZÃels~ uwodebda,
xolo amave xelnaweris IV minawersa da vanis qvabebis savedrebelSi anu
TiTqmis identur konteqstSi, sakuTar Tavs `oZrÃelelad~ moixseniebda.
garejuli krebulis II minaweri: `codvili moquli oZÃeli luka geved-
rebiT~; Ven.4-is IV kolofoni: `moqulsa oZrÃelelsa lukas RmerTman Se-
undvnes~; vanis qvabebis warwera: `q. friad codvilsa oZrÃelelsa,
dekanozis Svilsa lukas Seundven RmerTman...~.
aRniSnul faqts, ufro zustad ki, leqsikur erTeulebs `oZrxelsa~
da `oZrÃelels~ yuradReba sagangebod miaqcia devi berZeniSvilma. misi
dakvirvebiT, forma `oZrxeli~||`ocxeli~ warmomdgaria `oZrxedan~, maSin,
roca forma `oZrÃeleli~ nawarmoebi unda iyos `oZrÃevidan~ (berZeni-
Svili 2002: 10).
Tu devi berZeniSvilis dakvirveba sworia, rac marTlac ase Cans,
maSin gamodis, rom Ven.4-is kolofonebSi dadasturebuli leqsikuri
erTeulebi _ `oZÃeli~ da `oZrÃeleli~, rogorc formoblivi, ise
Sinaarsoblivi TvalsazrisiT, sakmaod gansxvavdebian erTmaneTisagan.
kerZod, forma `oZrÃeleli~ warmomdgaria sakmaod vrceli istoriul-
geografiuli qveynis _ oZrxevis anu oZrxis xevis saxelwodebidan da
aRniSnavs ama Tu im piris Temobriv kuTvnilebas oZrxis xevisadmi. rac
Seexeba forma `oZÃels~, is nawarmoebia oZrxis xevis erT-erTi punqtis,
cixe-qalaqi oZrxis saxelwodebidan da miuTiTebs, rom esa Tu is piri
warmomavlobiT konkretulad cixe-qalaqi oZrxedan iyo.
Tu Cveni es dakvirveba sworia, maSin irkveva, rom luka moqveli
Tavdapirvelad oZrxis xevSi, igive, oZrxevSi, konkretulad ki, am sakmaod
vrceli istoriul-geografiuli qveynis administraciul centrSi _ cixe-
qalaq oZrxeSi cxovrobda (Sdr.: berZeniSvili 2002).
Sesabamisad, cxadi xdeba isic, rom luka moqveli garejuli
krebulis IV minawersa da vanis qvabebis savedrebelSi aqcents akeTebda
113

sakuTar Temobriv wamomavlobaze da Tavs `oZrÃelels~ anu oZrxis xevis,
igive oZrxevis macxovrebels uwodebda, xolo Ven.4-is II kolofonSi
kidev ufro metad akonkretebda sakuTar warmomavlobas da Tavs
`oZÃelad~ anu cixe-qalaq oZrxis mkvidr moqalaqed moixseniebda.
Cveni dakvirvebiT, gansaxilavi sakiTxis swored amgvari
interpretaciis sasargeblod unda miuTiTebdes A-65-is II kolofonSi
daculi erTi cnobac, romlis Tanaxmadac luka moqvelis mama `oZÃis
dekanozi~ anu cixe-qalaq oZrxis ganapiras mdebare rusudanis monasterSi
moRvawe sasuliero piri iyo (Sdr.: berZeniSvili 2002: 7, 10).
marTlac, YTuki aRniSnul cnobas garejuli krebulis minawerebisa
da vanis qvabebis savedrebelis im fragmentebsac davumatebT, sadac luka
moqveli sakuTar Tavs `oZÃelad~ da `oZrÃelelad~ moixseniebs,
vfiqrobT, sakmarisi safuZveli gveqneba imisaTvis, raTa luka moqvelis,
misi mamisa da savaraudod, mTeli maTi ojaxis sacxovrebel adgilad
namdvilad cixe-qalaqi oZrxe miviCnioT.
amrigad, yovelive zemoTqmulidan gamomdinare, vfiqrobT, dasabuTe-
bul axsnas vuZebniT garejuli krebulis minawerebsa da vanis qvabebis
savedrebelSi luka moqvelis `oZÃelad~ da `oZrÃelelad~ moxseniebis
faqts da gamovTqvamT mosazrebas, rom luka moqvis episkoposad
xeldasxmamde samxreT saqarTveloSi, samcxis erT-erT TemSi, oZrxevSi,
igive oZrxis xevSi cxovrobda da cixe-qalaq oZrxis mkvidri iyo.
garda amisa, vanis qvabebis warweridan da A-65-is kolofonebidan
cnobili xdeba luka moqvelis biografiis kidev erTi saintereso
detali. irkveva, rom amave cixe-qalaq oZrxeSi cxovrobda luka moqvelis
ojaxic, romlis ufrosic _ luka moqvelis mama, visi saxelic CvenTvis,
jerjerobiT, ucnobia, sasuliero piri iyo, iqve, cixe-qalaq oZrxis
ganapiras mdebare oZrxis, igive rusudanis monasterSi moRvaweobda da
sakmaod maRal samRvdelo wodebas _ dekanozobas flobda.
dasasrul, unda aRiniSnos is faqti, rom luka moqvelis
biografiasTan dakavSirebuli saistorio masalis Seswavlis Sedegad,
dRis wesrigSi dadga ramdenime mniSvnelovani sakiTxi, romelTa
gadawyvetac am etapze ver SevZeliT da jerjerobiT, Riad davtoveT.
kerZod, gaurkveveli dagvrCa, Tu ra azrobriv datvirTvas atarebs A-65-is
114

I kolofonis dasawyisSi, trafaretuli savedrebeli teqstis win
miTiTebuli sityva `ilorisa~ (?); ver davadgineT im monastrisa Tu
eklesiis raoba da adgilmdebareoba, sadac luka moqvelma moixila da
minawerebi daurTo `astrologiur traqtats~ da sxv. gamovTqvamT imeds,
rom am da samomavlod wamoWril sxva kiTxvebs Semdgomi samecniero
kvleva-Zieba gascems pasuxs.
115

$3. artanujeli piligrimis
giorgi lomas-Zis minaweri (XV s.) 92
gansaxilavi savedrebeli minaweri Sesrulebulia Ven.4-is 187r-s Sua
monakveTze. misi zoma daaxloebiT 16,5 X 10,5 santimetria. teqsti naweria
Cinebuli mxedruliTa da mwignobrobaSi gawafuli xeliT, oTx stri-
qonad. qaragmad naxmaria saSualo zomis maryuJi, romlis marjvniv
mimarTuli bolo SesamCnevad aris dagrZelebuli. gankveTilobis niSne-
bad gamoyenebulia yoveli sityvis Semdeg dasmuli orwertili. minaweris
bolos gamoyvanilia sami wertili da maT qvemoT gavlebuli patara
ganivi xazi. kolofonis II striqonis bolo grafemis _ o marjvena kide
moqceulia sarestavracio qaRaldis qveS. es fragmenti garkveviT
gavarCieT venis nacionalur biblioTekaSi yofnis dros, xelnaweris
originalze muSaobisas, neonis naTuris gamWoli Suqis daxmarebiT.
teqstis dasawyisSi dasmulia mxedruliT gadmocemuli qanwili. IV
striqonis bolo sityvaSi grafema _ i SewiaRebulia grafemis _ g
mucelSi. minawers TariRi ar uzis.
q: saflavo: q˜tso: da:
juaro: patio
sano: Seiwyale: artanuje
li: lomasZe: g˜i:.
q. saflavo q(ris)t(e)so da | juaro patio|sano, Seiwyale artanuje|li
lomas-Ze g(iorg)i.
kolofons, rogorc ukve aRvniSneT zemoT, TariRi ar uzis.
samagierod, misi qronologiis Sesaxeb garkveul miniSnebas gvTavazobs
Ven.4-is imave 187r-s zeda naxevarze warmodgenili kidev erTi mxedruli
minaweri. es ukanaskneli moqvel episkoposs luka oZrxels ekuTvnis da
92 winamdebare paragrafSi ganxiluli sakiTxebisa da miRebuli daskvnebis ZiriTadi
nawili gamoqveynebuli gvaqvs 2006 wels dabeWdil statiaSi: `artanujeli piligrimis
giorgi lomas-Zis savedrebeli (XV s.) ierusalimSi gadatanili 1160 wlis garejuli
krebulis (Ven.4-is) aSiebidan~ (jojua 2006).
116

1363 wliT aris daTariRebuli (jojua 2003g: 34-36). am ori minaweris
Sesrulebis Tanamimdevrobaze dakvirveba gviCvenebs, rom giorgi
artanujels sakuTari savedrebeli luka oZrxelis kolofonis gaT-
valiswinebiT aqvs dawerili. Sesabamisad, misi qveda qronologiuri
zRvari mtkiced SeiZleba ganisazRvros 1363 wliT.
giorgi artanujelis savedrebelis daTariRebisaTvis aranakleb
saintereso masalas gvawvdis Tavad kolofonis paleografiuli mxare.
teqstSi sakmaod specifiuri saxiT aris gadmocemulia mxedruli grafema
_ a. aq mxedvelobaSi gvaqvs III striqonis bolo sityvis _ artanuje|li
pirveli da IV striqonis meore sityvis _ lomasZe meoTxe grafemebi. ori-
ve dasaxelebul SemTxvevaSi, grafemis _ a zeda bolodan amozrdilia
sakmaod grZeli zigzagiseburi vertikaluri xazi. zustad analogiuri
tipis vertikaluri xazi axlavs III striqonis rigiT mesame grafemis _ n
qudis marjvena kidesac. gansakuTrebuli aRniSvnis Rirsia I striqonis
rigiT meSvide grafema _ v. am ukanasknelis marcxniv da qvemoT mimarTu-
li `xorTumi~ gacilebiT ufro Zirs aris daSvebuli vidre amave grafe-
mis didi zomis Tavisa da SedarebiT mokle fexis damakavSirebeli kbili.
aRniSnuli paleografiuli Taviseburebebisa da mTeli rigi sxva
monacemebis mixedviT, giorgi artanujelis savedrebeli arsebiT msgav-
sebas amJRavnebs XV saukunis mxedruli damwerlobis mravalricxovan
nimuSebTan. winamdebare naSromSi am rigis Zeglebidan SegviZlia davasa-
xeloT ramdenime teqsti: saqarTvelos mefis aleqsandre I-is (1412-1442 ww.)
1430 wlis sigeli avTandil zevdginiZisadmi (Hd-1348) (abulaZe 1973a: 284-
285, 380); imave mefe aleqsandre I-is 1441 wlis sigeli sionis RmrTis-
mSoblis eklesiisadmi (Hd-1348) (abulaZe 1973a: 286-287, 380); saqarTvelos
mefis giorgi VIII-is (1446-1466 ww.) sigeli samcxeTo soflebisadmi (Hd-1370)
(abulaZe 1973a: 288-289, 380) da sxv.
amrigad, Tu Cveni dakvirveba sworia, maSin giorgi artanujelis
savedrebelis qronologia zogadad XV saukuniT unda ganisazRvros.
kolofonis daTariRebis Semdeg Cvens yuradRebas axla ukve dam-
weris vinaobasTan dakavSirebuli sakiTxebi iqcevs. teqstSi savedrebelis
avtors Tavi moxseniebuli hyavs, rogorc `artanujeli lomas-Ze giorgi~:
`q. saflavo qristeso da juaro patiosano, Seiwyale artanujeli lomas-
117

Ze giorgi~. aqedan, absoluturad naTelia, rom kolofonis damwers
saxelad giorgi hqvia.
gacilebiT ufro rTuli asaxsneli Cans misi `artanujelad~ da
`lomas-Zed~ moxseniebis mizezebi. marTlac, citirebul teqstze
dayrdnobiT, Tavisuflad SeiZleba gamoiTqvas ori savaraudo mosazreba:
1. giorgis `artanujeloba~ niSnavs mis wodebasa Tu tituls, xolo
`lomas-Zeoba~ _ vinme lomas Svilobas; 2. savedrebelis avtoris
`artanujeloba~ migviTiTebs mis sadaurobaze, xolo `lomas-Zeoba~ ki _
missave gvareulobaze.
ganvixiloT orive SesaZlo varianti. vinaidan teqstis nebismieri
saxiT gaazrebis SemTxvevaSi, kolofonis avtori a priori dakavSirebuli
Cans saxelovan cixe-qalaq artanujTan, daviwyebT am ukanasknelis
istoriis ZiriTadi etapebis mimoxilviT.
cixe-qalaqi artanuji mdebareobs istoriuli samxreT-dasavleT
saqarTvelos erT-erTi udidesi provinciis _ klarjeTis teritoriaze,
mdinare artanujiswylis marcxena napirze (berZeniSvili 1997a; xoStaria
1996). artanuji V saukunis meore naxevramde soflis tipis dasaxlebas
warmoadgenda. daaxlobiT 470-ian wlebSi bizantiis imperiis winaaRmdeg
mowyobili laSqrobidan ukan dabrunebulma qarTlis mefe vaxtang
gorgasalma (V s-is II nax.) gzad artanujze Camoiara da soflis
maxloblad aRmarTuli uzarmazari kldovani koncxis Txemze cixe-
simagris ageba brZana. artanujis cixis mSenebloba klarjeTis
axladdadgenil erisTavs artavazs daevala. qarTveli mematianis juanSer
juanSerianis (VIII s.) cnobiT, artavazma mefis brZaneba warmatebiT
Seasrula da cixe-simagris mSenebloba misi erisTavobis periodSive
gaasrula (juanSeri 1955: 178-179; musxeliSvili 2003: 139-143, 163, 190).
daaxloebiT orsaukunenaxevaris Semdeg, 735 wels arabma sardalma
mervin ibn-muhamedma, sxvagvarad _ murvan yrum gamanadgurebeli laSqro-
bebi moawyo saqarTvelos sxvadasxva provinciebisa da, maT Soris, klar-
jeTis teritoriaze. sumbat daviTis-Zis (XI s.) saistorio Txzulebis
`cxorebaÁ da uwyebaÁ bagratonianTa~-s uwyebiT, arabebma ise sastikad
aaoxres artanuji, rom aq cxovreba ramdenime aTwleulis manZilze
saerTod Sewyda (sumbat daviTis-Ze 1990: 44-45; lorTqifaniZe 1988: 306-307).
118

imave sumbatis Tanaxmad, mogvianebiT, IX saukunis dasawyisSi SavSeT-
klarjeTSi damkvidrebulma qarTlis yofilma erismTavarma, bagrationTa
feodaluri saxlis cnobilma warmomadgenelma aSot I-ma kurapalatma (†
826 w.) axladdaarsebuli qarTvelTa samefos dedaqalaqad swored
arabTagan mooxrebuli artanuji SearCia da didi Rvawlic gaswia misi
ganaxleba-aRSenebisaTvis (TayaiSvili 1949: 45; musxeliSvili 1980: 174;
lorTqifaniZe 1988: 306-308).
kidev ufro mogvianebiT, IX saukunis 80-90-ian wlebSi aSot
kurapalatis mravalricxovan Camomavlebs Soris daiwyo sisxlismRvreli
brZolebi feodaluri samflobeloebis gamijvnisa da gavlenis sferoebis
ganawilebisaTvis. Sedegad, erTiani samefos teritoriaze Camoyalibda
ori, faqtobrivad damoukidebeli samTavro: taosi _ centriT banaSi (?)
da klarjeTisa _ centriT artanujSi (lorTqifaniZe 1973: 453-460).
axalma politikurma realiebma mniSvnelovani cvlilebebi Seitana
bagrationTa samefo saxlis oficialur titulaturaSi. am mxriv,
gansakuTrebiT sainteresoa klarji xelmwifeebis ojaxi, romlis
pirvelma (?) pirebma, gamomdinare iqidan, rom maT mTavar rezidencias
cixe-qalaqi artanuji warmoadgenda, anTipatos-patrikiosis, mamfalis,
erisTavTerisTavisa da sxvaTa garda, artanujelis sapatio wodebac
daimkvidres (lorTqifaniZe 1973: 453-460; TayaiSvili 1949: 42-50, tab. I-II).
artanujelis sapatio wodebis warmoSobasTan dakavSirebul sakiTxs
sagangebod exeba XVIII saukunis cnobili qarTveli mecnieri vaxuSti
bagrationi (1696-1756 ww.). misi TqmiT, `sumbats, Zesa adarnasesa
(igulisxmeba klarji xelmwife sumbat I mamfali († 889 w.) _ T. j.), mosca
keisarman anTipatoba da daipyra aman artanuji. amisTÂs ewoda
artanujeli~ (batoniSvili vaxuSti 1973: 697). Cveni azriT, swavluli
batoniSvilis dakvirveba arsebiTad swori da gasaziarebeli unda iyos.
dReisaTvis werilobiT wyaroebSi dadasturebulia artanujelis
titulis matarebeli eqvsi (?) klarji xelmwife: 1. sumbat I artanujeli,
mamfali da anTipatos-patrikiosi († 889 w) _ SviliSvili aSot I
kurapalatisa da vaJi adarnase I-isa (sumbat daviTis-Ze 1990: 47, 49, 51; 136
tab. I-II, 80); 2. bagrat I artanujeli, mamfali da magistrosi († 909 w.) _
vaJi sumbat I artanujelisa (sumbat daviTis-Ze 1990: 49-51; TayaiSvili 1949:
119

tab. I-II, 83); 3. sumbat II artanujeli (?), anTipatos-patrikiosi _ mamis
Zmiswuli bagrat I artanujelisa da vaJi aSot II kekelasi (sumbat
daviTis-Ze 1990: 47; TayaiSvili 1949: tab. I-II, 82-83); 4. sumbat III
artanujeli, erisTavTerisTavi († 988 w.) _ Zmiswuli bagrat I
artanujelisa da vaJi daviT I mamfalisa (sumbat daviTis-Ze 1990: 51-52;
TayaiSvili 1949: tab. I-II, 84); 5. bagrat II artanujeli († 988 w.) _ vaJi
sumbat III artanujelisa (sumbat daviTis-Ze 1990: 52-53; TayaiSvili 1949:
tab. I-II); dabolos, 6. sumbat IV artanujeli († 1011 w.) _ vaJi bagrat II
artanujelisa (sumbat daviTis-Ze 1990: 52-53; TayaiSvili 1949: tab. I-II).
klarji xelmwifeebis mmarTveloba maincadamainc xangrZlivi ar
yofila. daaxloebiT 1008-1010 wlebSi gaerTianebuli saqarTvelos mefem
bagrat III-m (975-1014 ww.) tyved Seipyro klarjeTis bagrationTa ori
upirvelesi warmomadgeneli _ sumbat IV artanujeli da gurgen VI
klarji. patimrobaSi myofi gvirgvinosani Zmebi 1011-1012 (?) wlebSi
erTimeoris miyolebiT aResrulnen Tmogvis cixeSi. maTma memkvidreebma _
bagrat sumbatis Zem da demetre gurgenis Zem bizantiaSi gaqceviT
uSveles Tavs, saqarTveloSi darCenili sxva klarji bagrationebi ki
bagrat III-is mier gatarebuli represiuli zomebis msxverplni Seiqnen
(sumbat daviTis-Ze 1990: 53; lorTqifaniZe 1979b: 159).
XI saukunis 20-iani wlebis bolosaTvis artanuji mTeli klarjeTis
momcveli samxedro-administraciuli erTeulis _ saerisTavos centrad
gvevlineba. ucnobi avtoris saistorio Txzulebis `matiane qarTlisas~
(XI s.) Tanaxmad, 1028 wels, roca SavSma azanurebma saqarTveloSi
SemoWril bizantielebs RalatiT gadasces maTdami daqvemdebarebuli
cixeebi, artanuji mtkiced epyra erisTav ioane abusers (matiane
qarTlisa 1955: 292-293; lorTqifaniZe 1979b: 179-180).
amJamindeli monacemebis mixedviT, specialuri literatura
artanujis samad sami erisTavis saxels icnobs. amasTan, samive maTgani XI
saukunis I naxevris moRvawed warmogvidgeba: 1. erisTavi ioane abuseri
(ixsenieba 1028 wlis movlenebTan dakavSirebiT) (matiane qarTlisa 1955:
293; lorTqifaniZe 1979b: 179-180; baxtaZe 2003: 265, 271); 2. artanujis
erisTavi abuseri (ixsenieba 1045-1047 wlebis movlenebTan dakavSirebiT) _
savaraudod, vaJi ioane abuserisa (matiane qarTlisa 1955: 300-301;
120

SoSiaSvili 1997a; baxtaZe 2003: 265-266, 271); 3. artanujis erisTavi
grigoli (ixsenieba 1047 wlis movlenebTan dakavSirebiT) _ vaJi abuser
abuserisZisa (matiane qarTlisa 1955: 301-302; metreveli 1998: 74, 77, 144, 215-
216; SoSiaSvili 1997b; baxtaZe 2003: 266-267, 271).
1047 wels uzomod gaZlierebulma qarTvelma feodalma liparit
baRvaSma aryiscixesTan gamarTul brZolaSi sastikad daamarcxa
saqarTvelos mefis bagrat IV-is (1027-1072 ww.) laSqari da sxva qarTvel
didebulebTan erTad tyved Caigdo artanujis erisTavi grigol
abuserisZe. tyveobaSi myofma erisTavma artanujis cixe liparits gadasca
(matiane qarTlisa 1955: 301-302; berZeniSvili 1997b; SoSiaSvili 1997b). 1057
wels bagrat IV-is erTguli feodali sula kalamaxeli moulodnelad
Tavs daesxa liparit baRvaSs da xelT igdo igi. sapatio tyve mefes
mihgvares. bagrat IV-m damarcxebul mowinaaRmdeges xmliT mitacebuli
cixe-qalaqebi, maT Soris, artanujic CamoarTva (matiane qarTlisa 1955:
304-305; lorTqifaniZe 1979b: 166-167; baxtaZe 2003: 266).
1057 wlidan moyolebuli vidre XIII saukunis 80-ian wlebamde
aranairi pirdapiri cnoba ar mogvepoveba artanujis administraciuli
statusis Sesaxeb. Sesabamisad, dabejiTebiT arc imis Tqma ar SegviZlia,
Tu aRniSnul periodSi konkretulad vis daqvemdebarebaSia es
umniSvnelovanesi cixe-qalaqi (Sdr.: baxtaZe 2003: 268-270).
ufro garkveuli suraTi gvaqvs XIII saukunis meore naxevrisaTvis.
qarTveli istorikosis JamTaaRmwerlis (XIV s.) Tanaxmad, 1280-ian wlebSi
artanuji da TiTqmis mTeli istoriuli samxreT saqarTvelo samcxis
mTavars beqa I jayels (1285-1306 ww.) uWiravs, romelic, saqarTvelos
samefo karisadmi nominaluri morCilebis pirobebSi, uSualod
emorCileba ilxanTa yaens (JamTaaRmwereli 1959: 273; lominaZe 1979a: 599-
600; guCua 1997b). JamTaaRmwerlis cnobiT, zustad analogiuri
mdgomareobaa 1299 wlisTvisac, roca aRmosavleT saqarTvelos samefo
taxts beqa I-is SviliSvili, mefe demetre II-is (1272-1289 ww.) vaJi giorgi
V brwyinvale (1299, 1318-1346 ww.) ikavebs (JamTaaRmwereli 1959: 304;
lominaZe 1979a: 599-600; guCua 1997b).
1308 wels beqa I gardaicvala, samcxis samTavro ki misi vaJebis _
sargisis, yvaryvaresa da Salvas xelSi gadavida (JamTaaRmwereli 1959: 323;
121

kakabaZe 1912: 5-6). miuxedavad imisa, rom SuaTana Zma yvaryvare sakmaod
aqtiur rols asrulebs imdroindel politkur procesebSi
(JamTaaRmwereli 1959: 324; lominaZe 1979b: 624), samcxis samTavros pirvel
pirad mainc beqa I-is ufrosi vaJi sargis II (1308-1334 ww.) gvevlineba
(guCua 1985; guCua 1997b. Sdr.: JamTaaRmwereli 1959: 297, 308, 312-315;
lominaZe 1979b: 629, 645).
ufrosi Zmebisagan gansxvavebiT, politikur asparezze praqtikulad ar
Cans beqa I-is umcrosi vaJis Salvas saxeli. samagierod, mis moxseniebas
vawydebiT ierusalimis jvris qarTvelTa monastris aRapebSi _ aq vkiT-
xulobT: `[Tuesa sekdenbersa k (20)]. amasve dResa wirv(a)Á da aRapi saukunoÁ
beqasa Sv(i)lisa SalvaÁsi, Seundven RmerTman~ (metreveli 1962: 81, 124).
savaraudod, swored Salva da misi vaJi, saxelovani papis mosaxele
(?) beqa unda iyvnen moxseniebulni vanis saxarebis (A-1335) (XII-XIII ss.) erT
gviandel minawerSic. aRniSnuli kolofoni, romelsac akademikosi
eqvTime TayaiSvili XIII-XIV saukuneebiT aTariRebs, gvamcnobs: `†.
Semoswira wmidaÁ ese oTxTavi patronman naTiaman, Cuen, saboTarsa da
SoraTelTa pirvel xatsa macxovarisasa da wm(ida)sa g[iorg]i SoraTisasa
da w(mida)sa nik[olo]zs saaRaped misisa meuRlisa beqaisa, Salva artanu-
jelisaÁ SvilisaTuis da misTuis da Cuen gauCineT aRapi~ (SaraSiZe 1954b:
410; TayaiSvili 1907: 17, 19. Sdr.: baxtaZe 2003: 270-271).
Tu Cveni dakvirveba sworia da vanis saxarebis minawerSi dadastu-
rebuli Salva artanujeli namdvilad beqa I-is vaJia, maSin dabejiTebiT
SeiZleba iTqvas, rom Salvas, rogorc samcxis samTavro saxlis umcros
warmomadgenels pirad mflobelobaSi miuRia cixe-qalaqi artanuji da
Sesabamisad, daumkvidrebia artanujelis jer kidev 1010-ian wlebSi
gamqrali sapatio wodeba.
imave XIV saukuneSi artanujelis wodebas samcxis samTavro saxlis
kidev erTi umcrosi warmomadgeneli atarebs. es aris SaSia _ Zmiswuli
Salva artanujelisa da Zma aTabag yvaryvare I-isa (1334-1361 ww.) (kakabaZe
1912: 4-7; doliZe 1953: 285; SaraSiZe 1961: 21-22, 59; guCua 1985; guCua 1986).
profesor sargis kakabaZis azriT, SaSia artanujeli XIV saukunis II
naxevaris moRvawea (kakabaZe 1912: 4-7; metreveli 1962: 93, 157). igi
moxseniebulia ierusalimis jvris qarTvelTa monastris erT-erTi
122

saaRape Canaweris teqstSi: `[Tuesa ianvarsa À (8)]. am(a)sve dR(e)sa wirvaÁ
da aR(a)pi sargisis Svilisa SaSiasi artanuj(e)lisa, Seundven RmerTman~
(metreveli 1962: 93, 158).
rogorc vxedavT, citirebuli teqstis mixedviT, XIV saukunis meore
naxevarSi artanujelis wodeba axla ukve samcxis moqmedi mTavris
yvaryvare I-is umcros Zmas hqonia miRebuli (Sdr.: batoniSvili vaxuSti
1973: 258; baxtaZe 2003: 270-271).
amrigad, cixe-qalaq artanujis XV saukunemdeli istoriis ZiriTadi
etapebis gacnoba gviCvenebs, rom artanujelis tituli drois mxolod
or konkretul monakveTSi iyo mimoqcevaSi. pirvelad _ X saukunis 80-iani
(?) wlebidan vidre 1011 wlamde periodSi, xolo meored _ mTeli (?) XIV
saukunis ganmavlobaSi.
aqve, darwmunebiT SeiZleba iTqvas isic, rom orive dasaxelebul
periodSi artanujelis maRali wodebis matarebeli pirebi uSualod
flobdnen cixe-qalaq artanujs da maTi titulic aqedan iyo
warmomdgari.
paralelurad amisa, daikvirveba erTi mniSvnelovani gansxvavebac. Tu
klarjeTis samTavroSi (igulisxmeba 980-iani ww.-1011 w.) artanujelis
wodebas, ZiriTadad, bagrationTa samefo saxlis ufrosi (?)
warmomadgenlebi, igive _ klarji xelmwifeebi flobdnen, samcxis
samTavroSi (igulisxmeba XIV s.) igive tituli jayelTa feodaluri
ojaxis umcros warmomadgenlebs, ufro zustad ki, samcxis moqmedi
mTavrebis umcros Zmebs hqondaT damkvidrebuli.
aRniSnulidan gamomdinare, logikurad ibadeba kiTxva _ xom ar
warmoadgens Ven.4-is zemoT ganxiluli minaweris avtoris _ giorgi
lomas-Zis `artanujeloba~ zustad analogiuri rigis movlenas da xom
ar gvevlineba es ukanaskneli XV saukunis samcxis samTavro saxlis erT-
erT umcros warmomadgenlad?
dasmul kiTxvaze pasuxis gacemis mizniT, detalurad gavecaniT
samcxis samTavros XV saukunis istorias. aRmoCnda, rom werilobiT
wyaroebSi dokumenturad aris dadasturebuli am periodSi moRvawe
jayelTa feodaluri saxlis ToTxmeti mamrobiTi sqesis warmomadgeneli.
123

aqedan, Svidi piri erTimeoris miyolebiT flobs samcxis aTabagobas.
eseni arian: 1. aTabagi ivane II (1391-1444 ww.) _ vaJi aTabag beqa II-isa
(lomsaZe 1980; SaraSiZe 1961: 86-87, 147); 2. aTabagi aRbuRa II (1444-1451 ww.) _
ufrosi vaJi ivane II-isa (lominaZe 1997; SaraSiZe 1961: 133, 135); 3. aTabagi
yvaryvare II (1451-1498 ww.) _ umcrosi vaJi ivane II-isa (lomsaZe 1986b;
SaraSiZe 1954a: 197-204, 207-209, 215-216, 221, 231, 233-240, 279; SaraSiZe 1961: 15,
18, 61, 72, 74, 78, 81-85, 87-94, 133-136, 147-148); 4. aTabagi qaixosro I (1498-1500
ww.) _ ufrosi vaJi yvaryvare II-isa (lomsaZe 1986a; SaraSiZe 1954a: 198-204,
207-208, 210, 215-216, 221, 279; SaraSiZe 1961: 16, 19, 74, 78, 134, 136-137); 5. aTabagi
mzeWabuki (1500-1515 ww.) _ rigiT meore vaJi yvaryvare II-isa (lomsaZe 1983b;
SaraSiZe 1954a: 198-200, 202-204, 208-211, 213, 215-216, 235; SaraSiZe 1961: 16, 19,
72, 74, 94-97, 134, 136-138); 6. aTabagi manuCar I (1515-1518 ww.) _ rigiT meeqvse
(?) vaJi yvaryvare II-isa (lomsaZe 1983a. Sdr.: SaraSiZe 1954a: 204-205, 208;
SaraSiZe 1961: 30, 98-101, 134, 136); 7. aTabagi yvaryvare III, igive _ nav-
yvaryvare (1516-1535 ww.) _ vaJi qaixosro I-isa (lomsaZe 1986b; 117 72, 74-76,
78, 134, 138).
rac Seexeba danarCen Svid pirs, isini aq dasaxelebul aTabagTa
ojaxis wevrebi, ufro konkretulad ki, yvaryvare II-is vaJebi arian.
CamovTvliT maT saxelebs: 1. baadur († 1474 w.) (guCua 1997a; SaraSiZe 1954a:
198-200, 202-205, 207-208, 210, 215-216, 258; SaraSiZe 1961: 133-136); 2. ianqo († 1505
w.) (SaraSiZe 1954a: 204, 208-209; SaraSiZe 1961: 136); 3. oravJanda (gard. 1505
w-is Semdg.) (SaraSiZe 1954a: 204, 208; SaraSiZe 1961: 136); 4. marTalixon
(gard. 1515 w-mde) (SaraSiZe 1954a: 204, 207-208, 215; SaraSiZe 1961: 136); 5.
TamTan (dab. 1489-1498 ww-Si) (SaraSiZe 1961: 83-85, 137); 6. sazuereli (dab.
1489-1498 ww-Si) (SaraSiZe 1961: 83, 85, 137); 7. saluzayan (dab. 1489-1498 ww-Si)
(SaraSiZe 1961: 83, 85, 137).
rogorc vxedavT, Cvens mier moxmobil anTroponimTa sakmaod vrcel
CamonaTvalSi saerTod ar Cans saxeli giorgi. ar dasturdeba arc
anTroponimi loma, romelic, Cveni pirveli samuSao hipoTezis Tanaxmad,
giorgi artanujelis mamis saxeli unda iyos. dasasrul, yvelafer amas
unda davamatoT isic, rom dasaxelebuli ToTxmeti piridan arc erTi ar
atarebs artanujelis tituls.
124

aze migvaniSneben aRniSnuli faqtebi? pirvel rigSi, albaT imaze,
rom giorgi lomas-Ze ar miekuTvneba jayelTa feodalur sagvareulos da
arc misi `artanujeloba~ niSnavs samcxis samTavroSi dadasturebuli
maRali wodebis flobas. marTlac, yovelive zemoTqmulidan gamomdinare,
amgvari daskvnis gamotana yvelaze ufro swori da logikuri nabiji Cans.
Tumca, aqve SevniSnavT, rom jayelTa feodaluri saxlis zemoT
CamoTvlili ToTxmeti wevridan TerTmeti (!) piri, aTabagebis _ ivane II-
is, aRbuRa II-isa da yvaryvare II-is gamoklebiT, XV saukunis meore
naxevrisa da XVI saukunis dasawyisis moRvawea. es faqti, Tavis mxriv,
calsaxad migviTiTebs imaze, rom Cveni codna XV saukunis pirveli
naxevris samcxis samTavro saxlis Sesaxeb metad mwiri da fragmentulia.
Sesabamisad, axlaxans miRebuli saboloo daskvnac, rom giorgi lomas-Ze
ar miekuTvneba jayelTa feodalur sagvareulos da rom misi
`artanujeloba~ ar niSnavs samcxis mTavarTa sapatio titulis flobas,
uaRresad didi sifrTxiliT aris gasaziarebeli.
asea Tu ise, mTeli am vrceli msjelobidan gamomdinare, Cven
SedarebiT ufro sarwmunod miviCnevT meore samuSao hipoTezas da
gamovTqvamT azrs, rom Ven.4-is savedrebelis avtoris `artanujeloba~
niSnavs mis cixe-qalaq artanujSi cxovrebis faqts, xolo `lomas-Zeoba~
ki _ missave sagvareulo kuTvnilebas.
saerTod, lomas-ZeTa gvari (Sdr.: silagaZe ... 1997: 126) qarTul
diplomatikur ZeglebSi mxolod XVII saukunis dasawyisidan Cndeba.
mxedvelobaSi gvaqvs 1601-1627 wlebiT (?) daTariRebuli Sewirulobis
wigni, sadac moxseniebulni arian vinme xucesi lomaZe da misi Zma ivana
lomaZe (burjanaZe 1958: 139; kldiaSvili ... 1993: 572). am dokumentis
Tanaxmad, lomas-Ze || lomaZeTa gvaris es warmomadgenlebi guriaSi
saxloben da sofel baileTis mcxovreblebi arian (burjanaZe 1958: 139;
kldiaSvili ... 1993: 572; baileTi 1997). garda amisa, sabuTidan garkveviT
Cans isic, rom baileTeli lomaZeebi, erT-erTi maTganis mRvdlobis
miuxedavad, socialuri ierarqiis sakmaod dabal safexurze dganan. isini,
savaraudod, glexebi arian. marTlac, dokumenti gvauwyebs, rom Zmebi
lomaZeebi guriis mTavars mamia II guriels (1600-1625 ww.) Cexedenas
125

taZrisaTvis Seuwiravs da maTTvis Sesabamisi begarac daukisrebia
(burjanaZe 1958: 137-140; kldiaSvili ... 1993: 572).
dReisaTvis dabejiTebiT arafris Tqma ar SeiZleba, Tumca ki, giorgi
lomas-Zis artanujelobidan gamomdinare, safiqrebelia, rom baileTeli
lomaZeebi warmomavlobiT agreTve istoriuli klarjeTidan, ufro
zustad ki, cixe-qalaq artanujidan arian. isini, savaraudod, XVI
saukunis II naxevarSi, osmalTa mier artanujisa da mTlianad klarjeT-
SavSeTis dapyrobis (1553 w.) Semdeg Canan guriaSi gadmosaxlebulni
(axali qarTlis cxovreba 1959: 500; batoniSvili vaxuSti 1973: 726-727, 900;
berZeniSvili 1997a).
davubrundeT uSualod savedrebelis teqsts. aq avtoris vinaobasTan
dakavSirebuli cnobebis Semdeg gansakuTrebul yuradRebas ipyrobs
kolofonis Sesavali nawili. am nawyvetSi giorgi artanujeli vedrebiT
mimarTavs or udides qristianul siwmides _ qristes saflavs, sadac
sami dRis manZilze dabrZanebuli iyo uflis jvarcmuli sxeuli da
jvars patiosans, romelzec macxovari ewama adamis modgmis codvaTa
gamosyidvisaTvis: `q. saflavo qristeso da juaro patiosano, Seiwyale
artanujeli lomas-Ze giorgi~.
Cveni dakvirvebiT, savedrebelis maincdamainc amgvari formuliT
dawyeba SemTxveviTi movlena sulac ar aris. piriqiT, am faqts gasagebi
mizezebi aqvs. daviwyoT imiT, rom garejuli krebuli, romlis aSiebzec
iwereba giorgi lomas-Zis kolofoni, am dros ukve namdvilad wmida
miwazea gadatanili da ierusalimis erT-erTi qarTul savaneSi inaxeba
(jojua 2003g: 41-42). Sesabamisad, ueWvelia isic, rom savedrebelis avtori
teqstis Sesrulebis Jams agreTve ierusalimSi imyofeba. ierusalimi ki,
Tavis mxriv, swored is qalaqia, sadac mdebareobs qristes saflavi (Sdr.:
menabde 1980: 140-145) da jvari patiosani (Sdr.: menabde 1980: 69-139). aqedan,
vfiqrobT, ukve savsebiT naTeli xdeba, Tu ratom iwyeba maincdamainc
aseTi Sesavali teqstiT Ven.4-is kolofoni. misi avtori minaweris
Sesrulebis periodSi, rogorc Cans, wmida miwaze momlocvelobs da
vedrebiTac imave ierusalimis umTavres siwmideebs evedreba.
Tu Cveni dakvirveba sworia, maSin gamodis, rom giorgi lomas-Ze
artanujidan wmida miwaze Casuli piligrami yofila. aRniSnuli faqti
126

sakmaod saintereso Strixs matebs cixe-qalaq artanujis qristianuli
Temisa da ierusalimis qarTuli koloniis saeklesio-kulturuli
urTierTobis istorias.
aqamde werilobiTi wyaroebidan cnobili iyo artanujSi mcxovrebi
mxolod ori piri, romelsac garkveuli saxis urTierToba hqonda wmida
miwaze moqmed qarTul savaneebTan. mxedvelobaSi gvyavs ierusalimis
jvris qarTvelTa monastris aRapebSi moxseniebuli Salva artanujeli
(XIII-XIV ss.) _ umcrosi Zma samcxis mTavris sargis II-isa da SaSia
artanujeli (XIV s-is II nax.) _ umcrosi Zma aTabag yvaryvare II-isa (ix.:
zemoT). amieridan, dasaxelebul pirebs unda daematos cixe-qalaq
artanujis kidev erTi mkvidri, XV saukuneSi moRvawe giorgi lomas-Ze,
romelmac aramxolod moiloca ierusalimis siwmideebi, aramed Cinebuli
mxedruliT dawerili savedrebelic daurTo wmida miwis erT-erT
qarTul savaneSi dacul garejuli krebulis aSiebs.
dasasrul, xazgasmiT aRvniSnavT im faqtsac, rom giorgi lomas-Zis
savedrebels sakmaod didi mniSvneloba aqvs sakuTriv cixe-qalaq arta-
nujis istoriisaTvis. raoden gasakviric ar unda iyos, faqtia, rom samec-
niero sazogadoeba aqamde saerTod ar icnobda iseT werilobiT wayros,
romelic raime warmodgenas mainc Segviqmnida XV saukunis artanujis
Sesaxeb. am mxriv, Ven.4-is kolofoni marTlac mniSvnelovani Zeglia.
jer erTi, savedrebelze dayrdnobiT, dabejiTebiT SeiZleba iTqvas,
rom XV saukunis artanujSi kvlavindeburad sicocxlisunariania
qarTuli eTnikuri elementi (Sdr.: doliZe 1953: 62). adgilobriv
mosaxleobaSi gavrcelebuli sxvadasxva gvarebidan dokumenturad
dasturdeba lomas-ZeTa gvaris arseboba.
meore, XV saukunis artanujSi mcxovrebi qarTvelebi aramxolod
gamarTulad floben qarTul enas, aramed ostaturadac sargebloben
sakmaod rTuli mxedruli damwerlobiT. amaze naTlad migviTiTebs
giorgi artanujelis mier Sesrulebuli savedrebeli.
dabolos, mesame, XV saukunis artanujSi Zveleburad Zlieria
qarTuli qristianuli Temi. rogorc giorgi lomas-Zis momlocvelobidan
Cans, am Temis warmomadgenlebi warmatebiT piligrimoben wmida miwaze da
cxoveli urTierToba aqvT ierusalimis qarTul savaneebTan.
127

saerTod, amTaviTve unda iTqvas, rom Cvens mier motanil
debulebebSi uCveulo araferia. 1553 wlamde cixe-qalaqi artanuji
samcxe-saaTabagos ganuyofel nawils warmoadgenda (axali qarTlis
cxovreba 1959: 500; batoniSvili vaxuSti 1973: 716, 726-727, 900; doliZe 1953:
61; berZeniSvili 1997a) da amitom aq raime sxva suraTis arseboba
ubralod warmoudgenelia. Tumca, dRemde am yvelaferze saubari mxolod
zogad istoriul viTarebaze dayrdnobiT gviwevda. axla ki, amgvar
msjelobas Tavisi myari dokumenturi safuZveli uCndeba da zemoT
moxmobili debulebebic gacilebiT ufro argumentirebul saxes iRebs.
amrigad, yovelive zemoTqmulidan gamomdinare, samecniero
sazogadoebas vTavazobT Semdeg ZiriTad daskvnebs:
1. venis nacionaluri biblioTekis qarTul xelnawerTa fondSi
daculi 1160 wlis garejuli krebulis, igive Ven.4-is 187r-s qveda
naxevarze Sesrulebuli oTxstriqoniani mxedruli minaweri, mTeli rigi
paleografiuli niSnebis mixedviT, TariRdeba XV saukuniT.
2. savedrebeli dawerilia istoriuli klarjeTis, ufro zustad ki,
cixe-qalaq artanujis mkvidris giorgi lomas-Zis mier, romelmac wmida
miwaze momlocvelobisas uSualod moixila ierusalimis erT-erT
qarTul savaneSi dabrZanebuli garejuli krebuli.
3. savedrebelis teqstze dayrdnobiT, dabejiTebiT SeiZleba iTqvas,
rom XV saukunis artanujSi kvlavindeburad Zlieri iyo qarTuli
qristianuli Temi da mis calkeul warmomadgenlebsac mWidro
urTierToba hqondaT ierusalimis qarTul koloniasTan.
128

$4. afxazeTis kaTolikosis barTlomes
minaweri (daaxl. 1488-1519 ww.) 93
savedrebeli minaweri Sesrulebulia garejuli krebulis 156v-s
qveda aSiaze, nusxuriT (pirveli grafema _ mTavruliT), or striqonad.
misi zomebia: 9 X 3 sm. gankveTilobis niSnebi ar axlavs. qaragmad
gamoyenebulia klaknili xazi. minawers TariRi ar uzis. aRsaniSnavia, rom
156v-ze Sesrulebuli teqstis anabeWdi sakmaod mkafiod ganirCeva 157r-s
Sesabamis adgilas. rogorc Cans, minaweris avtorma gadaSlili krebuli
kolofonis dawerisTanave daxura da SeumSrali melanic am gziT
aRibeWda momdevno gverdze.
s˜
˜ ˜
s(u)lsa Ãobisa qaTal{i}koz{i}sa | barTlomes{a} S(eundvne)s
R(merTma)n.
minaweris teqsti yuradRebas, pirvel rigSi, saistorio Tvalsaz-
risiT ipyrobs. aq moxseniebulia vinme kaTolikosi barTlome, romelsac
CvenTvis cnobil werilobiT wyaroebSi versad vxvdebiT. misi
identifikaciisaTvis gadamwyveti mniSvneloba aqvs Ven.4-is kolofonis
swor interpretacias, rac sakmaod rTuli saqmea. minaweris wakiTxva ori
saxiT aris SesaZlebeli. gaurkvevlobis Tavidan acilebis mizniT
vuSvebT orive variants.
pirvel SemTxvevaSi, fonetikuri koreqtivi Segvaqvs teqstSi. sityvis
_ Ãobisa mesame da meoTxe grafemebs Soris aRvadgenT uneblied
gamotovebul (?) or grafemas _ el da kolofonsac ase vkiTxulobT:
`s(u)lsa Ãob{el}isa, qaTal{i}koz{i}sa barTlomes{a} S(eundvne)s
R(merTma)n~. teqstis amgvari interpretaciiT, barTlome kaTolikosobis
93 winamdebare paragrafSi ganxiluli sakiTxebisa da miRebuli daskvnebis ZiriTadi
nawili Setanili gvaqvs 2002 wels dabeWdil statiaSi: `XII saukunis garejuli
krebulis (Ven.4-is) erTi minaweri da afxazeTis ucnobi kaTolikosi barTlome (daaxl.
1488-1519 ww.)~ (jojua 2002a).
129

paralelurad, xobeli episkoposic unda iyos. saqarTveloSi xobis
erTaderTi eparqiaa cnobili. igi XV saukunidan dasturdeba afxazeTis
sakaTolikosos SemadgenlobaSi 94 . eparqia moqmedebda odiSis terito-
riaze, xolo misi mwyemsTavris kaTedra xobis RmrTismSoblis miZinebis
monasterSi iyo ganTavsebuli (siWinava ... 2000: 6-14).
garejuli krebulis kolofonis gaazreba sxvagvaradac aris
SesaZlebeli. am SemTxvevaSi, teqsts, praqtikulad, ucvleli saxiT
vkiTxulobT: `s(u)lsa Ãobisa qaTal{i}koz{i}sa barTlomes{a} S{eundvne}s
R(merTma)n~ da vigebT, rom barTlome yofila ara `xobeli~ da
`kaTolikosi~, aramed _ `xobisa kaTolikosi~. saxeli _ xobi//xofi//xopi-s
mqone savaneebi saqarTveloSi ramdenime adgilas dasturdeba (beriZe 1973:
73; siWinava ... 2000: 3), magram sakaTolikoso saydarTan organul kavSirs
mxolod erTi maTgani _ zemoxsenebuli xobis monasteri avlens 95 . gvian
SuasaukuneebSi igi afxazeTis kaTolikosTa kuTvnilebas warmoadgenda
(siWinava ... 2000: 8-15).
amrigad, nebismieri interpretaciis SemTxvevaSi, Ven.4-is kolofonSi
naxsenebi `Ãobi~ dasavleT saqarTveloSi mdebare xobis monasters
94 mkvlevarTa erTi nawili saerTod uaryofs xobSi saepiskoposo kaTedris arsebobis
faqts da miiCnevs, rom Sua sukuneebSi aq mxolod monasteri moqmedebda (am
avtorTagan, pirvel rigSi, unda davasaxeloT istorikosi avTandil Tordia
(samegrelo ... 1999: 368-369), agreTve, dasavleT saqarTvelos istoriis mkvlevari Tamaz
beraZe, vinac sakuTari Sexeduleba zepiri saubrisas gagviziara). mkvlevarTa meore
nawils sapirispiro mosazreba aqvs. isini iTvaliswineben guraliZeebis 1432 wlisa
(kakabaZe 1924: 60-62) da TofuriZeebis 1484-1488 wlebis (ix.: qvemoT) sasisxlo sigelebs,
sadac mawyvereli, quTaTeli, Wyondideli, caiSeli, moqveli, bedieli da drandeli
episkoposebis gverdiT, xobelebic ixseniebian da fiqroben, rom xobi XV saukunis I
naxevridan mainc saepiskoposo kaTedras warmoadgenda (siWinava ... 2000: 6-7). Cven
savsebiT viziarebT am mosazrebas. aRniSnul sakiTxTan dakavSirebiT, gansxvavebuli
pozicia aqvs istorikos giorgi kalandias. is fiqrobs, rom xobSi saepiskoposo
kaTedra sulac XIV saukuneSi unda iyos daarsebuli (kalandia 2000: 502-505).
samwuxarod, mkvlevari ar uTiTebs Sesabamis wyaroebsa da argumentacias, ris gamoc,
am varaudis arc gaziareba da arc uaryofa, jerjerobiT, ar SegviZlia. XVI
saukunidan xobis saepiskoposos Sesaxeb cnobebi TandaTan matulobs, mag.: 1550 wlis
erT-erT sabuTSi ixsenieba `xofisa R(mr)TismSoblis winamdegi ebiskopozi~ (kakabaZe
1921: 13-14; kldiaSvili ... 1993: 103), xolo XVII-XVIII saukuneebis mijnaze gacemul
Sewirulebis wignSi _ `mTavarepiskopozi xofeli efTimi faRava~ (kakabaZe 1921: 84).
cnobilia XVII saukunis 30-ian wlebSi moRvawe xobeli mitropoliti germanec
(sixaruliZe 1997). xobis saepiskoposos arsebobis faqts am da sxva qarTuli wyaroebis
garda, adastureben XVII saukunis ucxoeli avtorebic (siWinava ... 2000: 10-11; kalandia
2000: 499-501).
95 sayuradReboa, rom Ven.4-is kolofonSi toponimi dReisaTvis cnobili sami formisagan
_ xobi//xofi//xopi gansxvavebuli dawerilobiT aris warmodgenili. aq pirvel grafemad
dasmulia ara x, aramed _ Ã.
130

aRniSnavs da masTan raime mxriv dakavSirebuli barTlomec, ueWvelad,
adgilobrivi eklesiis Tavi _ afxazeTis kaTolikosi unda iyos.
barTlomes moRvaweobis qronologiisaTvis mniSvnelovan masalas
gvawvdis kolofonis paleografia. teqstSi gamoyenebulia Cvidmeti
grafema: a da s _ eqvsgzis; l da o _ samgzis; b da T _ orgzis; e, z, i, k,
m, n, r, q, R, S da à _ TiTojer. aqedan, pirveli s asomTavrulia. nusxuri
grafemebi marjvniv aris daxrili. maTi moxazuloba msgavsebas poulobs
XV-XVI saukuneebis nimuSebTan _ 1460 wlis bibliasa (A-570) (abulaZe 1973a:
234-235, 371) da 1520 wlis oTxTavTan (H-1721) (abulaZe 1973a: 240-241, 372).
gasaTvaliswinebelia ramdenime detalic: garejuli krebulis
minawerSi grafemebs _ l da R zeda marcxena kidesTan ebmis ara
horizontaluri xazis gamgrZelebeli patara wanazardi, aramed didi
zomis kuTxe. grafemebis _ m da z zeda horizontaluri xazi daukuTxavia
da odnav aris daklaknili. rac Seexeba grafemis _ n zeda
horizontalur xazs, minawerSi is Zalze morkaluria da lamis grafemis
qveda nawils exeba. grafemis _ r vertikalur xazs zeda boloSi ebmis
marcxniv gawvdili patara morCi. erTi da igive niSani axasiaTebT
grafemebs _ q da Ã. maTi qveda vertikaluri buni marjvniv mkveTrad
`asrolili~ mcire wanazardiT sruldeba. am niSnebiT, grafemaTa
daweriloba ufro 1520 wlis oTxTavis paleografias uaxlovdeba
(abulaZe 1973a: 240-241, 372).
amdenad, Tu Cveni dakvirveba sworia, maSin naTelia isic, rom
garejuli krebulis kolofoni Sesrulebuli iyo XV saukunis bolosa
da XVI saukunis dasawyisSi. Sesabamisad, amave periodis moRvawe Cans
teqstSi naxsenebi kaTolikosi barTlomec.
am hipoTezis Sesabamisad, dawvrilebiT gavecaniT XV-XVI saukuneebis
afxazeTis kaTolikosTa qronologiur rigs 96 . XV saukuneSi cnobilia
mxolod erTi kaTolikosi _ ioakime, romlis moRvaweobac 1470-iani
wlebiT TariRdeba (saqarTvelos ... 2000a: 136-137). Semdeg modis
96 am mimarTulebiT kvlevisas Tavidanve gamovricxeT aRmosavleT saqarTvelos eklesia.
dReisaTvis, ZiriTadad, zustad aris dadgenili XV-XVI saukuneebis qarTlis kaTolikosTa
qronologiuri rigi (saqarTvelos ... 2000a: 67-103). am periodSi mosaydre camet
mcxeTel patriarqs Soris barTlomes versad vxedavT. metic, qronologiur rigSi ar
Cans iseTi Tavisufali monakveTi, sadac, Tundac, vivaraudebdiT mis kaTolikosobas.
131

ormocwliani qronologiuri lakuna 97 . 1519 wlidan afxazeTis sakaTo-
likoso saydars malaqia I abaSiZe ikavebs (saqarTvelos ... 2000a: 138-139).
misi zeoba 1540-ian wlebamde grZeldeba. amas mosdevs kidev erTi, amje-
rad, aTwliani qronologiuri lakuna. XVI saukunis 50-iani wlebidan vid-
re XVII saukunis dasawyisamde afxazeTis kaTolikosebad jer _ evdemon
CxetiZes (1557-1578 ww.) (saqarTvelos ... 2000a: 139-141), xolo Semdeg _
efTvime sayvareliZes (1578-1616 ww.) (saqarTvelos ... 2000a: 142-143) vxedavT.
amrigad, barTlomes kaTolikosoba unda vivaraudoT an XV saukunis
70-ian wlebamde, an _ 1470-iani wlebidan vidre 1519 wlamde, an kidev _ XVI
saukunis 40-50-ian wlebSi. Cven viTvaliswinebT Ven.4-is minaweris
paleografias da vfiqrobT, rom barTlome afxazeTis kaTolikosad XV
saukunis dasasrulsa da XVI saukunis dasawyisSi unda yofiliyo.
Cvens mosazrebas adasturebs imereTis mefis aleqsandre II-is (1484-
1510 ww.) ori sabuTi. pirveli dokumenti cnobilia, rogorc TofuriZeTa
sasisxlo sigeli. igi 1484-1488 wlebSi unda iyos Sedgenili 98 . sabuTis bo-
lo nawilSi motanilia aleqsandre II-is Txovna sasuliero pirebisadmi:
97 uaxles samecniero publikaciebSi aRniSnulia, rom 1490-1516 wlebSi afxazeTis kaTolikosad
iyo stefane. iqve miTiTebulia, rom mis Sesaxeb aranairi dokumenturi masala
ar arsebobs. kaTolikosTa qronologiur rigSi igi saqarTvelos eklesiis kalendrebze
dayrdnobiT aris Seyvanili, romlebsac, Tavis mxriv, raime myari safuZveli ar
gaaCniaT (saqarTvelos ... 2000a: 6-7, 138). Cvenis mxriv davamatebT, rom stefanes vxvdebiT
polievqtos karbelaSvilis mier Sedgenil `afxazeTis kaTalikozTa siaSic~ vxvdebiT
(karbelaSvili 1900: 206). Tumca es garemoeba sulac ar aiolebs Cvens mdgomareobas.
stefanes Sesaxeb cnobebi arc iq aris miTiTebuli. metic, misi saxeli saerTodac
kiTxvis niSniT aqvs aRniSnuli polievqtos karbelaSvils (karbelaSvili 1900: 206). ase,
rom jer-jerobiT stefanes arsebobis faqtic ki dausabuTebelia da amitom, misi
zeobis qronologiis Sesaxeb raime seriozuli msjeloba SeuZlebeli gveCveneba.
98 vinaidan es sigeli metad mniSvnelovania Cveni msjelobisaTvis, mcire xniT
SevCerdebiT mis daTariRebaze. sabuTi pirvelad gamoqveynda 1891 wels, eqvTime
TayaiSvilis mier. man aSkara Secdomad miiCnia dokumentis gacemis TariRad dasmuli _
ararsebuli qoronikoni 968 da misi daTariReba teqstSi naxsenebi istoriuli pirebis
identifikaciis gziT scada. mkvlevarma sabuTis gamcemi mefe aleqsandre saqarTvelos
mefe aleqsandre I-Tan gaaigiva da dokumentis Sedgenis dro misi zeobiT _ 1413(sic.)-1442
wlebiT gansazRvra (TayaiSvili 1891: 1-3). 1897 wels sigeli Tedo Jordaniamac gamosca.
man, arsebiTad, gaiziara eqvTime TayaiSvilis daTariReba. garda amisa, yuradReba
miaqcia imas, rom teqstSi sxva sasuliero pirebis gverdiT, naxsenebia daviT mcxeTeli,
mkvlevris varaudiT, 1426-1430 wlebSi qarTlis kaTolikosad myofi daviT bagrationi,
daaviwrova TayaiSviliseuli qronologiuri CarCo da sigeli 1428(sic.)-1430 wlebiT
gadaaTariRa. amave publikaciaSi Tedo Jordaniam gamoTqva varaudi, rom dokumenti,
SesaZloa, nayalbevi iyo. am SemTxvevaSi, sabuTi imereTis mefis aleqsandre II-is Jams,
XV saukunis dasasruls unda yofiliyo Sedgenili (Jordania 1897: 233-235). qarTulma
istoriografiam Tedo Jordanias meore mosazreba ufro marTebulad scno da sabuTi
aleqsandre II-s miakuTvna (kakabaZe 1924: 65-66). uaxles samecniero gamocemebSi sigeli
aleqsandre II-is zeobiT _ 1484-1510 wlebiT aris daTariRebuli (kldiaSvili ... 1991: 219;
kldiaSvili ... 1993: 316-317). Cven viziarebT im debulebas, rom sabuTi aleqsandre II-is
132

`awe, qrisTes (sic) mier kurTxeviT kurTxeulno qarTlisa qaTa-
likozno da ebiskopozno, TqveniTa jvariTa, TqveniTa omforiTa Tqvenca
asre daumtkiceT; lixtimerisa (sic) qaTalikozno da ebiskopozno, Tqvenca
asre daumtkiceT brZaneba da sigeli; svimon mawyvarelo, manuel quTa-
Telo, daviT cxeTelo, elia Wyoindelo (sic), barTlome caiSel(o), roma-
noz moqvelo, grigole bedielo, saba xobelo, evdemos cxeTelo, Tev-
dore drandelo TqveniTa jvariTa Tqvenca asre daumtkiceT brZaneba da
sigeli ese~ (punqtuacia Cvenia _ T. j.) (Jordania 1897: 234-235).
TofuriZeTa sasisxlo sigels didi mniSvneloba aqvs CvenTvis. misi
daxmarebiT vigebT, rom XV saukunis 80-ian wlebSi dasavleT saqar-
Tvelos eklesiaSi moRvaweobda vinme barTlome, romelsac, daaxloebiT
1484-1488 wlebSi caiSis saepiskoposo kaTedras ganagebda.
barTlomes biografiis Semdgomi etapis Sesaxeb cnobebs falavan-
diSvilTa 1488 wlis sasisxlo (?) sigeli gvawvdis. sabuTis bolos
vkiTxulobT:
`amisni mowameni da arian da Sua damxdurni arian _ patroni dadian-
gurieli giorgi, quTaTel mTavarebiskoposi barTlome, WilaZe lipari,
raWisa erisTavi CxetiZe ivane da misi Zma kaxberi da abesalom, CiJavaZe
sazvereli da vamiy, cixisTavi RoRaberiZe estate, CxetiZe amilaxori
sanasar, molareTuxucesi mxeciZe sargis, saxlis uxucesi afxaWeliZe
ivane, inasariZe abesalm, gurielni _ beriZe, maWutaZe da maxaZe, lSrSvi-
li (sic) zazai, kuWeWiZe siaoS, jafariZe SanSe da qveli, sawolis mwig-
nobari _ ariSiZe siaoS, gareyaniZe xela, CxetiZeni vaxtang da abesalom,
a[ba]SiZe Taya da abaSi, wereTeli ganonai, qavTaraZe rostevan, miqelaZe
yelgrZeli, didebuli zviadi, iaSvili beJan da srulad Cvenni darbai-
selni, imerelni didni da cotani, amisni mowameni, Tavadebni da Sua
mier aris gacemuli da misi gamefebis anu 1484 wlis Semdeg unda iyos Sedgenili. rac
Seexeba sabuTis zeda qronologiur zRvars, vfiqrobT, rom misi dazusteba
SesaZlebelia. teqstis Tanaxmad, dokumentis gacemis Jams quTaTel mRvdelmTavrad _
manueli, caiSelad ki _ barTlome yofila (Jordania 1897: 234). imave aleqsandre II-is
mier 1488 wels gacemul falavandiSvilTa sasisxlo (?) sigelSi quTaisis mTavarepiskoposad
ukve barTlome ixsenieba (xelnawerTa erovnuli centri, Hd-8731; kldiaSvili
... 1991: 219). rogorc Cans, TofuriZeTa sabuTis Sedgenis Jams jer kidev caiSel
episkoposad myofi barTlome saeklesio ierarqiaSi dawinaurebula da 1488 wlisaTvis
quTaisis mTavarepiskoposobac miuRia. amrigad, TofuriZeTa sigeli falavandiSvilTa
sigelis gacemamde anu 1488 wlamde yofila Sedgenili da amitom misi TariRic 1484-1488
wlebiT unda ganisazRvros.
133

damxomni arian~ (punqtuacia Cvenia _ T. j.) (xelnawerTa erovnuli centri,
Hd-8731; kldiaSvili ... 1991: 219-220).
rogorc irkveva, barTlome caiSeli saeklesio ierarqiaSi swrafad
dawinaurebula. 1488 wlisaTvis igi ukve quTaTeli mTavarepiskoposis
wodebas atarebda da lixTimereTis samefo karTan daaxloebul
mRvdelmTavrad iTvleboda.
amis Semdeg werilobiT wyaroebSi barTlomes saxeli qreba da misi
Semdgomi Tavgadasavalic ucnobi iqneboda CvenTvis, rom ara Ven.4-is
kolofoni. rogorc Cans, quTaTelma barTlomem saeklesio ierarqiaSi
1488 wlis Semdgomac ganagrZo winsvla da garkveuli drois Semdeg
afxazeTis kaTolikosobac miiRo. garejuli krebulis minaweri misi
biografiis swored am etaps unda asaxavdes 99 .
barTlomes kaTolikosobis zusti qronologia jerjerobiT ucnobia.
Tumca, SesaZlebelia am periodis miaxloebiT dadgena. falavandiSvilTa
1488 wlis sigelSi barTlome jer kidev quTaTel mTavarepiskoposad
ixsenieba (xelnawerTa erovnuli centri, Hd-8731; kldiaSvili ... 1991: 219-
220). meore mxriv, ki cnobilia, rom afxazeTis sakaTolikoso saydars 1519
wlidan ukve malaqia I flobs (saqarTvelos ... 2000a: 138). aqedan
gamomdinare, barTlomes zeobis qveda qronologiur zRvrad _ 1488 weli,
xolo zeda zRvrad _ 1519 weli unda miviRoT da misi kaTolikosobac
daaxloebiT 1488-1519 wlebiT unda ganvsazRvroT.
calke saubris Temaa kaTolikosi barTlomesa da garejuli
krebulis urTierTmimarTebis sakiTxi. rogorc zemoT vnaxeT, Ven.4 1363
wlisaTvis ukve ierusalimSi inaxeboda da iqauri qarTuli koloniis
sakuTreba iyo. Tu CvenTvis saintereso kolofoni namdvilad kaTolikosi
ilarionis avtografs warmoadgens, maSin misi biografiis kidev erTi
furceli xdeba cnobili. kerZod ki, vigebT, rom kaTolikos ilarions
99 gasaTvaliswinebelia isic, rom TofuriZeTa sigelSi lixTimereli episkoposebis
vrcel CamonaTvals quTaTeli mRvdelmTavari iwyebs (Jordania 1897: 234-235). rogorc
Cans, XV saukunis II naxevarSi dasavleT saqarTvelos eklesiaSi afxazeTis kaTolikosebis
Semdeg yvelaze didi pativiT quTaisis mTavarepiskoposebi sargeblobdnen.
amitomac, Tuki gansaxilav periodSi romelime lixTimereli episkoposis kaTolikosad
aRsaydrebas vivaraudebT, aseTad, pirvel rigSi, swored barTlome quTaTeli unda
vigulisxmoT.
134

wmida miwaze umogzauria, erT-erT qarTul savaneSi daculi garejuli
krebuli mouxilavs da mis aSiaze savedrebeli minaweric Seusrulebia 100 .
Ven.4-is minawerSi saistorio TvalsazrisiT kidev erTi detali iq-
cevs yuradRebas. barTlome teqstSi ixsenieba, rogorc `Ãobisa qaTaliko-
zi~, rac erTob uCveulo movlenaa. lixTimereTis eklesiiis arc erTi
mwyemsmTavari CvenTvis cnobil werilobiT wyaroebSi amgvarad ar iwodeba.
Cven zemoT aRvniSneT, rom Ven.4-is kolofonis interpretireba
orgvarad aris SesaZlebeli, ganvixileT orive SesaZlo varianti da
davaskveniT, rom teqstSi naxsenebi `Ãobi~, nebismieri wakiTxvis Sem-
TxvevaSi, odiSSi mdebare xobis monasters aRniSnavs. axla kvlav
vubrundebiT am sakiTxs, oRond, amjerad, ukve barTlomes titulis
sworad gaazrebisaTvis.
pirveli wakiTxvis SemTxvevaSi _ `s(u)lsa Ãob{el}isa, qaTal{i}ko-
z{i}sa barTlomes{a} S(eundvne)s R(merTma)n~, afxazeTis kaTolikosi
barTlome xobel episkoposadac gvevlineba.
amgvari varaudi, erTi SexedviT, savsebiT realuri unda Candes.
qarTuli istoriografia kargad icnobs iseT SemTxvevebs, roca afxaze-
Tis kaTolikosebi, imavdroulad, erT an ramdenime saepiskoposo kaTe-
drasac flobdnen (berZeniSvili 1971b: 119-127). ase, magaliTad, kaTolikosi
ioakime (daaxl. XV saukunis 70-iani wlebi) imavdroulad caiSel-bedieli
episkoposi iyo (metreveli 1962: 136-137), xolo malaqia gurieli (1616-1639
ww.) _ caiSel-jumaTel-xoneli (berZeniSvili 1971b: 144-147), zaqaria
qvariani (1657-1660 ww.) (berZeniSvili 1971b: 123-124; saqarTvelos ... 2000a: 150-
153) da ioseb bagrationi (1769-1776 ww.) (berZeniSvili 1971b: 165-168)
kaTolikosobis paralelurad, genaTis episkoposobas flobdnen, xolo
svimon CxetiZe (1660-1666 ww.) (berZeniSvili 1971b: 124-125; saqarTvelos ...
2000a: 153-154) da maqsime abaSiZe (1776-1795 ww.) (berZeniSvili 1971b: 125-127;
saqarTvelos ... 2000a: 168-171) _ quTaisis epikopososabas.
100 meore mxriv, ar aris gamoricxuli, rom minaweri ara barTlomes, aramed vinme sxva
piris mier iyos dawerili. am SemTxvevaSi, Znelia raime konkretulis Tqma. Tumca,
barTlomes savedrebelis maincadamainc wmida miwaze dacul Ven.4-is aSiaze
Sesrulebis faqts ukve TavisTavad mivyavarT im daskvnamde, rom barTlomes, misi
winamorbedi afxazeTis kaTolikosebis msgavsad (metreveli 1962: 88, 106, 132, 145, 176),
ierusalimis qarTul koloniasTan mWidro urTierTobebi hqonda.
135

meore mxriv, am varauds Tavisi damabrkolebeli garemoebac axlavs.
saepiskoposo saydari yvela zemoxsenebul pirs kaTolikosobis miRebamde
eWira. eparqosis xarisxs isini SemdgomSic inarCunebdnen da afxazeTis
kaTolikosobis paralelurad, Sesabamis saepiskoposo wodebasac atareb-
dnen 101 . am tendenciis gaTvaliswinebiT, barTlome kaTolikosad kurTxe-
vamde xobel episkoposad unda miviCnioT, misi biografia ki aseTi das-
kvnis safuZvels ar iZleva. mas jer caiSel mRvdelmTavrad vxedavT (Jor-
dania 1897: 234), xolo Semdeg _ quTaTel mTavarepiskoposad (xelnawerTa
erovnuli centri, Hd-8731). metic, TofuriZeTa sasisxlo sigelSi, sadac
barTlome caiSelad iwodeba, xobeli episkoposis wodebas sxva piri,
vinme saba atarebs (Jordania 1897: 234) 102 .
ase, rom barTlomes xobel episkoposad gamocxadeba damatebiT
argumentacias moiTxovs. xolo Tu aq imasac gavixsenebT, rom amgvari
interpretaciisaTvis garejuli krebulis kolofonSi fonetikuri
cvlilebebis Setana gaxda saWiro, maSin es varaudi kidev ufro nakleb
sarwmuno xdeba.
aseT viTarebaSi gacilebiT ufro misaRebi gveCveneba minaweris meore
wakiTxva _ `s(u)lsa Ãobisa qaTal{i}koz{i}sa barTlomes{a} S{eundvne}s
R(merTma)n~, romlis Tanaxmadac barTlome ara `xobelad~ da `kaTo-
likosad~, aramed _ `xobis kaTolikosad~ warmogvidgeba. am SemTxvevaSi,
arsebiTad icvleba suraTi. gamodis, rom `Ãobisa qaTalikozi~ barTlo-
mes erT-erTi tituli yofila da misi kaTedrisa Tu rezidenciis _ xobis
saxelwodebidan iyo warmomdgari.
saerTod, kaTedra-rezidenciebis saxelwodebidan miRebuli sakaTo-
likoso titulebi qarTuli istoriografiisaTvis kargad aris cnobili.
aRmosavleT saqarTvelos sapatriarqo kaTedra mcxeTaSi moqmedebda, ris
gamoc qarTlis kaTolikosebi xSirad `mcxeTis kaTolikosebadac~ iwo-
101 am mxriv, erTaderTi gamonaklisi iyo malaqia gurieli, romelmac xonis episkoposoba
kaTolikosad kurTxevis Semdeg miiRo (lominaZe 1954: 129-130; berZeniSvili 1971b: 122-123).
Tumca, es faqti ganxiluli magaliTebis fonzec ki, uCveulo movlenad Cans da
savaraudod, malaqias specifiuri saeklesio da saxelmwifoebrivi moRvaweobiT aris
ganpirobebuli (saqarTvelos ... 2000a: 144-147).
102 aq, rasakvirvelia, arc is aris gamoricxuli, rom barTlomem xobis episkoposoba,
malaqia gurielis msgavsad, kaTolikosad yofnis Jams miiRo. Tumca, amgvari varaudis
gamoTqma maSin, roca barTlomes moRvaweobis Sesaxeb, praqtikulad, araferi viciT,
Zalzed hipoTeturad gveCveneba.
136

debodnen (lominaZe 1980: 317-318.). analogiuri mdgomareoba iyo dasavleT
saqarTveloSi. lixTimereTis mwyemsmTavrebs kaTedra biWvinTaSi hqondaT
da amitom `biWvinTis kaTolikosis~ titulsac atarebdnen (lominaZe 1977:
31). Cveni azriT, Ven.4-is minawerSi dadasturebuli saeklesio titulic
_ `xobis kaTolikosi~ ueWvelad am rigis movlena iyo.
aseTi daSvebis SemTxvevaSi, yuradRebas srulebiT sxva, zemoT
erTxel ukve naxsenebi garemoeba ipyrobs _ CvenTvis cnobil werilobiT
wyaroebSi lixTimereTis arcerTi mwyemsmTavari `xobis kaTolikosad~ ar
iwodeba. amitom, axsnas saWiroebs Tu rodis, ratom da ra pirobebSi unda
mieRoT maT amgvari tituli.
dasmul kiTxvebze pasuxis gacemisaTvis aucilebelia, vrclad
mimovixiloT XV-XVI saukuneebis dasavleT saqarTveloSi Seqmnili
saeklesio viTareba.
1470-1474 wlebSi lixTimereTis eklesiaSi mniSvnelovani movlenebi
moxda. qarTl-imereTis mefe bagrat VI-m (1466-1478 ww.) da dadian-gurielma
Samadavlam afxazeTis kaTolikosi ioakime imxanad saqarTveloSi myof
antioqia-ierusalimis patriarq mixails (1470/1474-1484 ww.) akurTxebines. es
faqti savsebiT ugulebelyofda qarTul saeklesio tradicias, vinaidan
arsebuli wesiT, afxazeTis kaTolikosi mcxeTis patriarqs unda ekur-
Txebina (javaxiSvili 1982: 337-341; berZeniSvili 1971a: 100-106; berZeniSvili
1971b: 108).
bagrat VI da dadian-gurieli amiT ar dakmayofildnen da patriarq
mixails umniSvnelovanesi saeklesio-sakanonmdeblo Zegli _ `mcnebai
sasjuloic~ Seadgenines. amieridan, afxazeTis kaTolikosi uflebrivad
gauTanabrda qarTlis kaTolikos-patriarqs da mcxeTis sapatriarqosagan
damoukidebloba iuridiulad ganimtkica (javaxiSvili 1982: 337-341;
berZeniSvili 1971a: 100-106; berZeniSvili 1971b: 108).
aq, pirvel rigSi, gasarkvevia, Tu vin ufro metad iyo
dainteresebuli afxazeTis kaTolikosTa aRzeveba-gaZlierebiT _ bagrat
VI Tu Samadavla dadiani. qarTuli istoriografia am movlenas,
upiratesad, bagrat VI-is iniciativad ganixilavs da misi politikuri
windauxedavobiT xsnis (javaxiSvili 1982: 338-341, 447-448; lominaZe 1979g:
137

740-741). Cven gansxvavebuli mosazreba gvaqvs. vfiqrobT, rom 1470-1474
wlebis peripetiebi mTlianad Samadavlas interesebiT iyo nakarnaxevi.
daviwyoT imiT, rom XV saukunis II naxevarSi qristianobidan
warmarTobaze miqceuli afxazeTis saerisTavo odiSisadmi vasalur
damokidebulebaSi imyofeboda (xorava 1996: 57-58). amitom afxazebis
eklesiisagan gandgoma da qarTuli samyarosagan gaucxoeba, pirvel
rigSi, dadianebis mflobelobas uqmnida safrTxes. Samadavla, rogorc
Cans, grZnobda mosalodnel saSiSroebas da cdilobda am procesis
SeCerebas. biWvinTis moSlili sakaTolikoso saydris aRdgena da afxaz-
Ta kvlavindeburad qristianobaze moqceva am mimarTulebiT gadadgmuli
erT-erTi yvelaze efeqturi nabiji unda yofiliyo. Cvens mosazrebas
`mcnebai sasjuloic~ adasturebs. teqstSi Tu erTgan aRniSnulia, rom
`afxazeTi qristeanobisagan sruliad midrekil iyunes, qristes
mcnebaTagan ganSorebul iyunes~ (doliZe 1970: 222), meoregan pirdapir
aris naTqvami _ `lixT-amerisa da afxazeTisa kaTalikozi iovakim qris-
teanobis sjulisa mamagrebelad da damamtkicebelad vakurTxeT~-o
(doliZe 1970: 223).
gasaTvaliswinebelia meore faqtoric. XV saukunis II naxevrisaTvis
odiSis saerisTavo naxevrad damoukidebeli politikuri erTeuli iyo
(javaxiSvili 1982: 327-331; lominaZe 1979g: 740). miuxedavad amisa, dadianebis
feodalur saxls miRweuli ar akmayofilebda da saqarTvelos samefo
karisagan sruliad damoukidebeli samTavros Seqmnas cdilobda (xorava
1996: 52-53). aseT viTarebaSi, lixTimereTis eklesiis gamoyvana mcxeTis
sapatriarqos daqvemdebarebidan dadianebis gankerZoebiTi politikis
didi warmateba unda yofiliyo. miT ufro, rom dasavleT saqarTveloSi
imxanad moqmedi TerTmeti (?) eparqiidan cxra _ Wyondidis, xobis (?),
caiSis, bediis, moqvis, drandis (?), jumaTisN(?), Semoqmedis, xinowmidis (?)
saepiskoposoebi da TviT afxazeTis sakaTolikoso kaTedrac ki
Samadavlasadmi daqvemdebarebul teritoriaze (javaxiSvili 1982: 327-331;
berZeniSvili 1971b: 113-114; lominaZe 1979g: 740) moqmedebda da upiratesad,
mis qveSevrdom mosaxleobas mwyemsavda.
rac Seexeba bagrat VI-s, mas samefo xelisufleba swored
lixTimereli didebulebis mxardaWeriT hqonda mopovebuli (javaxiSvili
138

1982: 301; beraZe 1999a: 148) da rogorc Cans, mizanSewonilad ar Tvlida
SamadavlasTan _ dasavleT saqarTvelos yvelaze gavlenian feodalTan
(javaxiSvili 1982: 327-331; beraZe 1999a: 148-149) dapirispirebas. sawinaaR-
mdego SemTxvevaSi, misi politikuri mowinaaRmdege da samefo taxtze
kanonieri pretenziis mqone konstantine demetres Ze Samadavla dadian-
gurielis saxiT, mZlavr mokavSires SeiZenda. es ki, SesaZloa, gvirgvinis
dakargvadac dasjdomoda bagrats.
dadianebis saxlis politikur interesebs srulad Tanxvdeboda
afxazeTis kaTolikosTa tradiciuli miswrafeba _ gamosuliyvnen mcxe-
Tis sapatriarqo saydris daqvemdebarebidan, uflebrivad gaTanaswore-
bodnen qarTlis kaTolikosebs da Tavad qceuliyvnen lixTimereTis
eklesiis erTpirovnul mwyemsmTavrebad (berZeniSvili 1971a: 97, 100, 104). am
miznis ganxorcielebas, ueWvelia, rom yovelmxriv daupirispirdeboda
saqarTvelos samefo kari, vinaidan XV saukunis dasawyisidan mcxeTis
sapatriarqo qveynis politikuri erTianobis erT-erT ZiriTad qvakuTxeds
warmoadgenda (javaxiSvili 1982: 283-284; berZeniSvili 1971a: 104; saqar-
Tvelos ... 2000a: 69, 74-78). aseT viTarebaSi, odiSis samTavro saxli
erTaderTi angariSgasawevi Zala iyo mTels saqarTveloSi, visac yovel-
mxriv xels aZlevda afxazeTis kaTolikosTa gaZliereba.
ase, rom antioqia-ierusalimis patriarqis mier lixTimereTis
mwyemsmTavrad ioakimes kurTxeva da `mcnebai sasjulois~ Sedgena, erTi
mxriv, afxazeTis kaTolikosebis, xolo, meore mxriv, dadianTa
feodaluri saxlis didi politikuri gamarjveba iyo.
werilobiT wyaroebze dakvirveba aCvenebs, rom 1470-1474 wlebis
saeklesio peripetiebTan xobis monasteri organulad unda yofiliyo
dakavSirebuli. levan II dadianis 1639-1647 wlebis sigelSi 103 vkiTxulobT:
103 dokumenti 1965 wels gamoaqveyna isidore doliZem. mkvlevarma gaiTvaliswina is
garemoeba, rom sabuTi levan II dadianis mier aris gacemuli da Zegli misi zeobiT _
1611-1657 wlebiT daaTariRa (doliZe 1965: 208-211). `pirTa anotirebuli leqsikonis~
Semdgenlebma es qronologiuri CarCo mcired daaviwroves da sigeli, jerjerobiT
daudgeneli argumentaciis safuZvelze, 1628-1657 wlebiT gadaaTariRes (kldiaSvili ...
1993: 8). CvenTvis savsebiT misaRebia sigelis gacemis zeda qronologiuri zRvari.
Tumca, vfiqrobT, rom SesaZlebelia, qveda qronologiuri zRvris kidev ufro
dakonkreteba. sabuTSi levan II-is gverdiT ixsenieba afxazeTis kaTolikosi maqsime
maWutaZe, romelmac lixTimereTis mwyemsmTavris saydari 1639 wels daikava (lominaZe
1954: 130-132). Sesabamisad, levan II-is sigeli 1639 wlis Semdgom Cans Sedgenili da misi
gacemis droc 1639-1657 wlebiT unda ganisazRvros.
139

`ese, viTarca dadian-gurielisa, sul-kurTxeulisa samadavlasagan
garigebuli sigeli vnaxeT, esreT ewera da gaeriga: `ZueliTgani iadgari
g[a]ryuniliyo da dakarguliyo xofisa RmrTismSobelisao, mas Jamsa
uRmrTod da usjuloebad mi[i]qces afxaznio, da aRviyvaneT iovakim, kaci
Rirsi netarebisa, davsviT kaTalikozado, romeli afxazTa garyunes
sjuli da kaTalikozoba, xolo Cuen, marjueniTa qristes saflavisaTao
da ierusalemisa da ant[i]oqis patriaqisa mixailis neba-darTviTa,
gavarigeTo juariTa da onforiTao~ (doliZe 1965: 209).
ismis kiTxva _ ratom CarTes XV saukuneSi ganaxlebul xobis
iadgarSi ioakimes kaTolikosad kurTxevis ambavi da ra kavSiri
arsebobda iadgaris ganaxlebasa da ioakimes kurTxevas Soris? samwuxa-
rod, Tavad iadgari dakargulia, levan II-is sigelSi CarTuli frag-
mentebi ki am kiTxvaze kategoriul pasuxs ver gvaZleven. miuxedavad
amisa, vfiqrobT, rom es mimarTeba mxolod qronologiuri xasiaTisa ar
unda yofiliyo. Cveni azriT, ioakimes kurTxevasa da iadgaris ganaxlebas
Soris ufro mizezobrivi kavSiri arsebobda.
safiqrebelia, rom Samadavlam xobis monasteri axlad kurTxeul
kaTolikoss gadasca. am varauds savsebiT adasturebs xobis iadgaris
kidev erTi fragmenti, saidanac vigebT, rom dadianebisa da sxva Tavad-
aznaurebis mier xobisaTvis mirTmeuli niSani anu dakrZalvisaTvis
dawesebuli gamosaRebi kaTolikosis kuTvnilebas warmoadgenda (doliZe
1965: 210). es ki, pirdapir migviTiTebs, rom Samadavlasagan iadgaris
ganaxlebis Jams _ 1470-1474 wlebSi xobi ukve afxazeTis kaTolikosTa
mflobelobaSi iyo 104 .
gasaTvaliswinebelia isic, rom xobis monastris gadacema qmediTi
daxmareba iqneboda ioakimesaTvis. rogorc cnobilia, lixTimereTis
sakaTolikoso kaTedra biWvinTaSi, qveynis ukidures Crdilo-dasavleT
periferiaze mdebareobda, rac, garkveulwilad, aZnelebda afxazeTis
kaTolikosebis axlo urTierTobas dasavleT saqarTvelos sxvadasxva
provinciebTan da abrkolebda maT srulyofil saeklesio saqmianobas.
104 saerTod, ar aris gamoricxuli, rom xobi XV saukunis 70-ian wlebamdec afxazeTis
kaTolikosTa daqvemdebarebaSi iyo. Tumca, am sakiTxze msjelobisaTvis jerjerobiT
araviTari masala ar mogvepoveba da amitom, yovelgvari varaudis gamoTqmisagan Tavs
vikavebT.
140

mdgomareoba kidev ufro unda damZimebuliyo XV saukuneSi, roca
afxazebi anu im teritoriaze msxdomi mosaxleoba, romelic uSualod
gars ekvroda biWvinTis saydars, qristianobidan warmarTobaze iyo
miqceuli (doliZe 1970: 222; doliZe 1965: 209). aseT viTarebaSi, ioakimes
`mcnebai sasjuloTi~ miRebuli avtokefaluri uflebamosilebis ganxor-
cielebisaTvis usaTuod dasWirdeboda damxmare sakaTolikoso reziden-
cia, romelic, biWvinTisagan gansxvavebiT, sadme dasavleT saqarTvelos
centralur nawilSi iqneboda ganTavsebuli.
sxvaTa Soris, am mizniT maincadamainc xobis monastris SerCeva
SemTxveviTi ar unda yofiliyo. igi daarsebisTanave dadianebis kuTvnil
savanes warmoadgenda (beriZe 1973: 77-80; beraZe 1999a: 139, 145; siWinava ...
2000: 5-6) da misi qonebriv-samarTlebrivi mdgomareobis regulirebac am
feodaluri saxlis prerogativa iyo 105 . Samadavlam, rogorc Cans, isar-
gebla sakuTari uflebiT da ioakimes sakaTolikoso rezidenciad swo-
red dadianebis kuTvnili sagvareulo monasteri gadasca. rac Seexeba xo-
bis iadgars, is, Cveni varaudiT, saxeldobr am SewirulebasTan
dakavSirebiT unda yofiliyo ganaxlebuli 106 .
saerTod, afxazeTis kaTolikosebisa da xobis monastris urTierT-
damokidebuleba detalurad aris aRwerili levan III dadianis (1662-1681
ww.) 1675 wlis Sewirulebis wignSi. sabuTis Tanaxmad, xobi erT-erTi
yvelaze didi da pativdebuli sakaTolikoso monasteri iyo mTels
dasavleT saqarTveloSi. lixTimereTis mwyemsmTavrebs odiSis samTavros
teritoriaze saeklesio dResaswaulebis msaxureba mxolod aq SeeZloT.
maTi odiSSi yofnis Jams sakaTolikoso regaliebi _ xati, jvari da
omfori xobSi inaxeboda. aqve mdebareobda maTi sasaxle da sasaflao
(kakabaZe 1921: 76-77).
105 xobis iadgari am prerogativis saukeTeso gamoxatulebas warmoadgens. igi
ganaxlebulia ara mefe bagrat VI-is an kaTolikos ioakimes mier, rogorc es
mosalodneli unda yofiliyo, aramed _ maincadamainc dadian-gurieli Samadavlas mier
(doliZe 1965: 209).
106 sakaTolikoso rezidenciis xobSi damkvidreba sxva mxrivac unda yofiliyo
xelsayreli. biWvinTis taZari zRvispira zolSi iyo aRmarTuli (biWvinTis ... 1997),
xobis monasteri ki mdinare xobiswylis bolo sanaosno punqts warmoadgenda (beraZe
1989: 240; beraZe 1999a: 162), rac Zalzed aiolebda lixTimereTis mwyemsmTavarTa
intensiur mimosvlas am savaneTa Soris. marTlac, sazRvao gziT biWvinTis sakaTedro
centridan xobis rezidenciaSi moxvedra da piriqiT, umokles droSi iyo SesaZlebeli.
141

amdenad SeiZleba am suraTis XV saukunis II naxevarze gavrceleba?
vfiqrobT, rom srulebiT Tavisuflad. marTalia, levan III-is Sewiru-
lebis wigni 1675 wels aris gacemuli, magram igi gacilebiT adreuli
periodis realiebs unda asaxavdes. sabuTSi pirdapir aris naTqvami:
`Zveladganca xobi biWvintisa RTis mSoblis Sewiruli yofiliyo da
JamTa viTarebisagan gamoxmoda~-o (kakabaZe 1921: 76).
amrigad, irkveva, rom XV-XVII saukuneebSi xobis monasteri afxazeTis
kaTolikosTa rezidencias warmoadgenda. 1470-iani wlebidan vidre XVI
saukunis Suaxanebamde anu sabolood gelaTSi damkvidrebamde (ix. qve-
moT), lixTimereTis mwyemsmTavrebi biWvinTis paralelurad xobSi mosay-
dreobdnen da wodeba _ `xobis kaTolikosi~ swored am periodSi da am
gziT unda hqonodaT miRebuli 107 .
aqve gasaTvaliswinebelia erTi detalic. xobSi moqmed sakaToli-
koso rezidencias ar unda hqonoda iseTi didi datvirTva, rogorsac
mogvianebiT gelaTis monasteri atarebda. am faqts Tavisi istoriuli
wanamZRvrebi gaaCnda. XV saukunis bolo mesamedsa da XVI saukunis I na-
xevarSi biWvinTis saydari afxazeTis saerisTavos SuagulSi mdebareobda
(xorava 1996: 58). miuxedavad imisa, rom afxazebi, didwilad, warmarTobaze
iyvnen miqceuli (xorava 1996: 55), maTi mmarTveli SarvaSiZeebi dadianebs
emorCilebodnen (xorava 1996: 57-58) da am ukanasknelTagan zurgmomag-
rebul afxazeTis kaTolikosebsac, safiqrebelia, minimalur pirobebs
mainc uqmnidnen sakaTedro centrSi saqmianobisaTvis. sxvagvarad rom
vTqvaT, lixTimereTis mwyemsmTavrebi upiratesad biWvinTaSi mosaydreob-
dnen da mudmivi samkvidreblis sxvagan gadatanis aucilebloba jer
kidev ar hqondaT. aseT viTarebaSi, xobis monasters, rasakvirvelia, nak-
lebi datvirTva eqneboda. am mxriv, termini `paraleluri sakaTolikoso
kaTedra~ zedmiwevniT zustad unda asaxavdes xobis monastris adgilsa
da rols aRniSnuli periodis dasavleT saqarTvelos eklesiaSi.
XV saukunis miwuruls saqarTveloSi politikuri mdgomareoba
kardinalurad Seicvala. 1491-1492 wlebSi erTiani saqarTvelos calkeul
107 sxvaTa Soris, amgvari mosazreba ukve gamoTqmuli aqvT anzor siWinavasa da gogita
Citaias. isini varaudoben, rom XV saukunis II naxevridan, roca afxazeTi warmarTobaze
miiqca da biWvinTis kaTedris funqciebic mniSvnelovnad SeizRuda, sakaTolikoso
centris rols, gelaTTan erTad, xobis monasteric asrulebda (siWinava ... 2000: 8-9).
142

samefo-samTavroebad daSla iuridiulad gaformda (guCua 1973: 85).
dasavleT saqarTvelo calke saxelmwifod gamocxadda. imereTis mefis
aleqsandre II-is (1484-1510 ww.) saxelmwifos centraluri mmarTvelobis
aparati quTaisSi ganTavsda (lominaZe 1979g: 748).
am faqtma savsebiT Secvala lixTimereTis eklesiis mdgomareoba. Tu
aqamde erTiani saqarTvelos mefeebi yovelmxriv ewinaaRmdegebodnen
afxazeTis kaTolikosTa moRonierebas, dasavleT saqarTvelos calke
saxelmwifod Camoyalibebis Semdeg maT kardinalurad Secvales
saeklesio politika. imerel bagrationebs xels aRar aZlevda mezobel
qarTlis samefoSi mdebare mcxeTis sapatriarqos samwysod yofna da
sapirispirod amisa, aqtiurad iRwvodnen dasavleT saqarTvelos eklesiis
damoukideblobisa da gaZlierebisaTvis.
saeklesio orientaciis aseTi mkveTri Semobruneba savsebiT misaRebi
iyo afxazeTis kaTolikosebisaTvis. maT imereTis samefo karis saxiT,
dadianebze gacilebiT ufro Zlieri mfarveli da mokavSire SeiZines. amas
isic emateboda, rom Samadavla dadian-gurielis Semdeg dadianTa saxli
erTgvarad Sesustda. misi memkvidreebi _ vamey II (1474-1482 ww.), liparit II
(1482-1512 ww.) da mamia III (1512-1533 ww.) saSinao Tu sagareo sferoSi mTel
rig warumateblobebs ganicdidnen da lixTimereTSi politikur pirve-
lobas TandaTanobiT imereTis mefeebs uTmobdnen (beraZe 1999a: 153-156).
poziciaTa gadaadgilebas Sesabamisi moqmedebac mohyva da 1519 wels
afxazeTis kaTolikosad aRsaydrebuli malaqia abaSiZe ukve imereTis
mefis bagrat III-is (1510-1565 ww.) momxred gamovida dasavleT saqarTvelos
centralizaciis saqmeSi (lominaZe 1966a: 206; saqarTvelos ... 2000a: 138).
zustad aseTive orientacia hqonda momdevno (?) kaTolikos evdemon
CxetiZesac (1557-1578 ww.) (lominaZe 1966a: 207; saqarTvelos ... 2000a: 139-141).
aseT viTarebaSi, sruliad bunebrivad unda gaCeniliyo biWvinTis
paraleluri sakaTolikoso kaTedris xobidan, romelic odiSis
samTavroSi mdebareobda da dadianebis sagvareulo saZvales
warmoadgenda, gelaTSi _ lixTimereTis udides samefo monasterSi gada-
tanis aucilebloba, rac 1545-1569 wlebSi warmatebiT ganxorcielda
kidec. amieridan afxazeTis kaTolikosebis mudmiv rezidenciad gelaTis
monasterSi mdebare wm. giorgis eklesia iqca (lominaZe 1966a: 186).
143

iWvinTis paraleluri rezidenciis xobidan gelaTSi gadatanas,
politikuri sarCulis garda, sxva mizezic unda hqonoda. am mxriv,
sayuradRebo cnobebs gvawvdis xobeli episkoposis (?) nikoloz
wulukiZis 1569 wlis Sewirulebis wigni, saidanac irkveva, rom nikolo-
zis mRvdelmTavrad (?) kurTxevis Jams xobSi sasuliero moRvaweoba
Sewyvetili yofila. monasteri `TaTrebs~ auoxrebiaT (doliZe 1970: 274-
275). marTalia, teqstSi darbevis TariRi miTiTebuli ar aris, magram
safiqrebelia, rom es ambavi sabuTis gacemamde arcTu didi xniT adre _
XVI saukunis I naxevarSi an amave saukunis SuaxanebSi unda momxdariyo.
am periodis odiSis istoria mtris arcerT saxmeleTo laSqrobas ar
icnobs. samagierod, dasturdeba mravalricxovani sazRvao Tavdasxmebi
(beraZe 1999a: 147-164). am mxriv, gansakuTrebiT jiqebi aqtiurobdnen. XVI
saukunis dasawyisidan vidre 1560 wlamde isini ganuwyvetliv mekobreob-
dnen dasavleT saqarTvelos sanapiro zolSi (beraZe 1989: 207-209; beraZe
1999a: 155-163). SeiZleboda, gvefiqra, rom xobi erT-erTi aseTi Tavdasxmis
msxverpli gaxda, magram nikoloz wulukiZis sabuTi aseTi daskvnis
safuZvels ar iZleva. teqstSi garkveviT aris naTqvami, rom monasteri
`TaTrebma~ daarbies. ase rom, xobis aoxreba unda ukavSirdebodes ara _
jiqebis, aramed osmalebisa Tu yirimeli TaTrebis sazRvao TareSs.
es garemoeba sagrZnoblad aiolebs Cvens amocanas. 1569 wlamde
osmalebma erTaderTi sazRvao operacia ganaxorcieles odiSSi (beraZe
1989: 210-212). 1553 wlis zafxulSi sulTanma suleiman I-ma (1520-1566 ww.)
dasavleT saqarTvelosaken sabrZolo katarRebi gamogzavna. pirveli
xuTi xomaldi, sadac osmalebis garda yirimeli TaTrebic (?)
imyofebodnen, rionis auzSi Sevida. levan I dadiani (1533-1572 ww.)
sakuTari sazRvao ZalebiT foTis navsadgurSi dadga da mteri alyaSi
moaqcia. sulTanma dasaxmareblad kidev sami katarRa gamogzavna. levan I-
ma Setakebisagan Tavi Seikava da foTi datova. osmalebma qarTvelTa ukan
daxeviT isargebles da 1554 wels odiSis sanaosno mdinareebze sabaJo
kontroli daaweses (beraZe 1989: 211-212; beraZe 1999a: 158-159).
vinaidan odiSis mTavar sanaosno magistralebs Soris erT-erTi
umTavresi xobiswyali iyo (beraZe 1989: 240; beraZe 1999a: 162), cxadia, rom
sabaJo kontroli maszec gavrceldeboda. Turquli katarRebi usaTuod
144

gamoCndebodnen mdinaris bolo sanaosno punqtis _ xobis monastris
misadgomebTanac (beraZe 1989: 240; beraZe 1999a: 162; samegrelo ... 1999: 369).
Cveni azriT, swored am movlenebs unda ukavSirdebodes `TaTrebis~ mier
xobis darbevis faqtic. rogorc Cans, osmalo mezRvaurebi da yirimeli
jariskacebi mxolod sabaJo saqmianobiT ar kmayofildebodnen da
mSvidobian mosaxleobasac esxmodnen Tavs. xobi, am mxriv, Cinebuli
samizne iqneboda _ igi erT-erTi yvelaze mdidari monasteri iyo Sua
saukuneebis saqarTveloSi (TayaiSvili 1914: 137-161; bukia 1998: 111-113).
yovelive zemoTqmulidan gamomdinare, xobis monasterSi sasuliero
cxovrebis Sewyveta 1553-1554 wlebiT unda daTariRdes. amave periodiT
unda ganisazRvros aq moqmedi sakaTolikoso rezidenciis moSlac.
1557 wels levan I stambulSi Cavida. dadianis elCoba warmatebuli
gamodga. osmalTa sazRvao agresiis safrTxe karga xniT aRikveTa (beraZe
1989: 208-210; beraZe 1999a: 160-161). xelsayreli pirobebi Seiqmna xobis
sakaTolikoso rezidenciis aRdgenisaTvisac. Tumca movlenebi sxvagvarad
ganviTarda.
marTalia, 1569 wlisaTvis xobSi sasuliero moRvaweoba ukve
ganaxlebuli yofila, magram es mTlianad xobeli episkoposis (?)
nikoloz wulukiZis damsaxureba iyo (doliZe 1970: 274-275). afxazeTis
kaTolikosebi ki, rogorc Cans, araviTar monawileobas ar iRebdnen
monastris aRdgena-ganaxlebis saqmeSi.
metic, lixTimereTis mwyemsmTavrebi saerTod aRar Canan xobis
monastris sasuliero cxovrebaSi. am mxriv, Zalze metyvelia erTi
garemoeba. Tu 1470-1474 wlebSi xobSi dakrZalvisaTvis dawesebuli
gamosaRebi _ niSani afxazeTis kaTolikosis sakuTreba iyo (doliZe 1965:
210), 1569 wlis sabuTSi sapirispiro suraTs vxedavT. vinme zaman
barZimisSvilis dakrZalvisaTvis gacemuli niSani ukve xobeli
episkoposis (?) kuTvnilebas warmoadgenda (doliZe 1970: 274-275).
amrigad, safiqrebelia, rom 1553-1554 wlebSi osmalTa mier xobis
aoxrebis Semdeg lixTimereTis mwyemsmTavrebma saerTod miatoves aq
moqmedi sakaTolikoso rezidencia da monasteric uSualod xobeli
episkoposebis (?) daqvemdebarebaSi gadavida.
145

samagierod, imave 1550-ian wlebSi afxazeTis kaTolikosi evdemon
CxetiZe axla ukve gelaTSi gamoCnda. igi aqtiurad monawileobda
monastris sasuliero cxovrebaSi. misi RvawliT aRdga da moixata
gelaTis monastris yovladwmida RmrTismSoblisa da wm. giorgis
eklesiebi, gadainusxa rigi mniSvnelovani xelnawerebisa. misive saxels
ukavSirdeba gelaTisaTvis mravalricxovani siwmideebis gadacema,
saeklesio nivTebis Sewirva da sxv. (saqarTvelos ... 2000a: 139-141).
Cveni dakvirvebiT, afxazeTis kaTolikosTa xobidan gauCinareba da
imavdroulad gelaTSi gamoCena erTi da imave procesis sxvadasxva etapi
unda iyos. rogorc Cans, lixTimereTis mwyemsmTavrebis gelaTSi gadasvla
politikuri koniunqturis garda, xobis sakaTolikoso rezidenciis moS-
liTac iyo ganpirobebuli. Tu es varaudi marTebulia, maSin afxazeTis
kaTolikosTa gelaTSi damkvidrebis qveda qronologiuri zRvari dRei-
saTvis miRebuli 1545 wlis nacvlad 1553-1554 wlebiT unda ganisazRvros.
am qronologiis dadgena sxva mxrivac aris sayuradRebo. irkveva,
rom biWvinTis paraleluri rezidencia xobSi sakmaod mcire xnis
manZilze _ 1470-1474 wlebidan 1553-1554 wlebamde moqmedebda. am periodSi
ki, qarTuli istoriografia, barTlomes garda, afxazeTis orador
kaTolikoss _ ioakimesa da malaqia I-s icnobs da maT Sesaxebac
uaRresad mwir masalas flobs (saqarTvelos ... 2000a: 136-139). rogorc
Cans, swored qronologiuri SezRudulobiTa da cnobebis simwiriT unda
aixsnas is ucnauri garemoeba, rom gansaxilav periodSi moRvawe
afxazeTis sami mwyemsmTavaridan `xobis kaTolikosis~ tituliT mxolod
barTlomes vxedavT.
imave XVI saukunis SuaxanebSi mniSvnelovani eTnikuri procesebi
ganviTarda lixTimereTis Crdilo-dasavleT periferiaze. jiqebma
afxazeTis saerisTavos gagris viwroebsa da mdinare bzifs Soris
mdebare teritoria waarTves (xorava 1996: 57-58, 63) da 1550-iani
wlebisaTvis uSualod gaumezobldnen biWvinTas. sakaTolikoso
kaTedraze intensiuri sasuliero moRvaweoba, rogorc Cans, SeuZlebeli
gaxda. am fonze sagrZnoblad unda gazrdiliyo gelaTSi moqmedi
rezidenciis roli. es asec moxda da gelaTi afxazeTis kaTolikosTa
mudmiv samkvidreblad gadaiqca (lominaZe 1966a: 186).
146

am mxriv, Zalze mravlismTqmelia is faqti, rom 1578 wels
kaTolikosi evdemon CxetiZe, winamorbed mwyemsmTavarTagan gansxvavebiT,
ukve gelaTSi daikrZala (lominaZe 1966a: 181) 108 . biWvinTis taZari bolomde
afxazeTis kaTolikosTa kaTedrad darCa, Tumca ki, lixTimereTis
mwyemsmTavrebi Zalzed iSviaTad axerxebdnen iq Casvlas (lominaZe 1966a:
205). rac Seexeba xobis rezidencias, igi afxazeTis kaTolikosebs
TiTqmis erTi saukunis manZilze dakarguli hqondaT. savane uSualod
xobel episkoposebs eqvemdebareboda. XVII saukunis meore mesamedSi
mdgomareoba Seicvala. 1639-1657 wlebSi levan II dadianma aRadgina
Samadavla dadian-gurielis mier 1470-ian wlebSi erTxel ukve
ganaxlebuli xobis iadgaris pirobebi da monasteri kvlavindeburad
afxazeTis kaTolikosebs gadasca (doliZe 1965: 208-211) 109 . xobma isev
daibruna sakaTolikoso rezidenciis funqcia, Tumca ki, Tavisi
mniSvnelobiT, is ukve veRarasodes gautolda gelaTis kaTedras 110 .
108 afxazeTis sakaTolikoso rezidenciis biWvinTidan gelaTSi gadatanis mizezebi
detalurad aqvs Seswavlili babilina lominaZes (lominaZe 1966a: 205-211). misi
dakvirvebebi da ZiriTadi daskvnebi, arsebiTad, misaRebia, Tumca, sakiTxebis mTeli
rigi jer kidev saWiroebs dazustebas. es faqti, pirvel rigSi, imiT aris
ganpirobebuli, rom mkvlevari ar icnobda Ven.4-is minawers da msjelobisas saerTod
ar gauTvaliswinebia xobSi sakaTolikoso rezidenciis arsebobis faqti. vfiqrobT,
rom winamdebare naSromi garkveulwilad avsebs babilina lominaZiseul sqemas da
xels uwyobs istoriuli suraTis maqsimalurad srul rekonstruqcias.
109 levan II-is sigelis Tanaxmad, xobSi dakrZalvisaTvis dawesebul niSans, ise, rogorc
Samadavla dadian-gurielis Jams, XVII saukuneSic afxazeTis kaTolikosebi iRebdnen
(doliZe 1965: 210). garda amisa, imave sabuTidan irkveva, rom odiSel didebuls, vinme
meliasa (am gvaris warmomadgenelia oTar melia, romelsac 1675 wlisaTvis levan III-is
karze mestumris saxelo eWira (kakabaZe 1921: 77)) da xobis saydrisSvilebs qonebrivi
dava mosvliaT. saqme, erTi mxriv, levan II-sa da odiSis darbaislebs, xolo, meore
mxriv, ara xobis episkoposs, an Tundac monastris winamZRvars, aramed kaTolikos maqsime
maWutaZes ganuxilavT (doliZe 1965: 211). rogorc Cans, sabuTis gacemis Jams _ 1639-
1657 wlebSi xobi lixTimereTis mwyemsmTavrTa mflobelobaSi iyo da amitomac,
sasamarTlo saqmis warmoebisas mis mxares swored kaTolikosi maqsime warmoadgenda.
levan II-is sabuTis gacemis Semdeg afxazeTis kaTolikosebs xobis monasteri kvlav
daukargavT. vamey dadianis (1658-1660/62 ww.) mier 1658 wels gacemuli sigelidan vigebT,
rom lixTimereTis mwyemsmTavrebs odiSSi saeklesio dResaswaulis gadasaxdelad
erTi rigiani taZaric ki ar hqoniaT. amitom, dadians kaTolikos zaqaria qvarianisaTvis
xatis, jvrisa da omforis dasasveneblad senakis sawinamZRvro saydari Seuwiravs
(kakabaZe 1921: 761-762). CvenTvis ucnobia, ra xnis manZilze asrulebda senaki sakaTolikoso
rezidenciis movaleobas. samagierod, zustad viciT, rom XVII saukunis 70-iani
wlebisaTvis lixTimereTis mwyemsmTavrebs isic daukargavT (kakabaZe 1921: 76-77). problema
sabolood 1675 wels mogvarda da levan III dadianma kaTolikos daviT nemsaZes
(1673-1696 ww.) rezidenciad kvlavindeburad xobis monasteri gadasca (kakabaZe 1921: 76-77).
110 sxvaTa Soris, xobis sakaTolikoso rezidencias afxazeTis kidev erTi ucnobi
mwyemsmTavris moRvaweoba unda ukavSirdebodes. am mxriv, aRsaniSnavia xobis taZris
XVII saukunis moxatuloba, sadac, levan II dadianis ojaxisa da xobeli nikoloz
ColoyaSvilis gverdiT, kaTolikos ilarionis gamosaxulebasac vxvdebiT (beriZe 1973:
74, 81-83). es ukanaskneli, CvenTvis ucnobi mizezebis gamo, Seyvanili ar aris afxazeTis
147

amrigad, XII saukunis garejuli krebulis (Ven.4-is) 156v-ze daculi
nusxuri minaweris Seswavlis Sedegad, dadginda Semdegi:
1. minawerSi moxseniebulia afxazeTis aqamde ucnobi kaTolikosi
barTlome, romelic lixTimereTis mwyemsmTavris saydars daaxloebiT
1488-1519 wlebSi flobda. gacilebiT adre, 1484-1488 wlebSi, igi caiSeli
mRvdelmTavari iyo, 1488 wlisaTvis ki ukve quTaisis mTavarepiskoposoba
hqonda miRebuli. safiqrebelia, rom barTlomem kaTolikosad yofnis
kaTolikosTa arc babilina lominaZiseul (lominaZe 1954) da arc Tamar qoriZiseul
(saqarTvelos ... 2000a: 9, 134-172) qronologiur rigSi. miuxedavad amisa, savsebiT
vizirebT vaxtang beriZis mosazrebas, romlis Tanaxmadac vinme kaTolikosi ilarioni
namdvilad moRvaweobda XVII saukunis dasavleT saqarTvelos eklesiaSi (beriZe 1973:
82-83). metic, Cven viTvaliswinebT mkvlevris mier Tavmoyril diplomatikur masalas
(beriZe 1973: 83) da vfiqrobT, rom ilarions afxazeTis sakaTolikoso saydari 1657
wels, maqsime maWutaZis gardacvalebis (lominaZe 1954: 132; berZeniSvili 1973: 149) Semdeg
unda mieRo. axladaRsaydrebuli mwyemsmTavari, rogorc Cans, sakmaod daaxloebuli
iyo odiSis samTavro saxlTan da misi ori warmomadgenlis _ vamey lipartianisa (1658-
1660/62 ww.) da liparit dadianis (1657-1658 ww.) dapirispirebisas (jamburia 1973: 341-342)
am ukanasknelis mxare eWira. metic, ilarioni piradad monawileobda 1658 wels
gamarTul banZis omSi (kldiaSvili ... 1993: 425), sadac liparit dadiani sastikad
daamarcxa vamey lipartianisa da imereTis mefis aleqsandre III-is (1639-1660 ww.)
laSqarma (jamburia 1973: 341-342). am faqtTan dakavSirebiT, Zvirfas cnobebs gvawvdis
aleqsandre III-is mier imave 1658 wels gacemuli sigeli, romelic gvamcnobs, rom mefis
erTgul ezia ioselians dadianis momxre kaTolikosi ilarioni brZolis velze tyved
Seupyria (kldiaSvili ... 1993: 425). aleqsandre III-m sapatio tyve gamoiTxova da mis
sanacvlod, ioselians yma-mamuli uwyaloba (kldiaSvili ... 1993: 425). istoriuli
suraTis swored amgvar rekonstruqcias uWers mxars XVII saukunis afxazeTis
kaTolikosTa qronologiac. rogorc cnobilia, maqsime maWutaZe 1657 wels
gardaicvala (lominaZe 1954: 132; saqarTvelos ... 2000a: 149), zaqaria qvariani ki
mwyemsmTavris xarisxiT pirvelad 1658 wels Cans (lominaZe 1954: 132). ismis kiTxva _ vis
eWira sakaTolikoso saydari 1657-1658 wlebSi? babilina lominaZem, miuxedavad imisa,
rom Sesabamisi masala ar gaaCnda, zaqaria qvarianis kaTolikosad kurTxeva erTi
wliT daaZvela da misi zeobis aTvla 1657 wlidan daiwyo (lominaZe 1954: 132).
mogvianebiT misi mosazreba sxva mkvlevrebmac gaiziares (saqarTvelos ... 2000a: 150-151).
Cven gansxvavebuli azri gvaqvs da zemoT motanili msjelobis safuZvelze, vfiqrobT,
rom afxazeTis kaTolikosoba maqsime maWutaZis Semdeg, 1657 wels ilarionma miiRo.
lixTimereTis mwyemsmTavrad igi mxolod erTi wlis manZilze imyofeboda. 1658 wels,
banZis omSi damarcxebisa da tyved Cavardnis Semdeg, mas kaTolikosoba CamoarTves da
dasvleT saqarTvelos mwyemsmTavris saydari genaTis mitropolits zaqaria qvarians
gadasces. Tu Cveni dakvirveba sworia, Cndeba kidev erTi kiTxva _ sad mosaydreobda
ilarioni? gelaTis kaTedra amTaviTve unda gamoiricxos. ilarioni liparit dadianis
aqtiuri mxardamWeri iyo da imereTis mefis winaaRmdeg piradad monawileobda banZis
omSi. rCeba xobis sakaTolikoso rezidencia. safiqrebelia, rom ilarioni swored aq
moRvaweobda. xobis taZarSi Sesrulebuli misi freskuli gamosaxulebac am
mosazrebis dokumentur dadasturebas unda warmoadgendes. XVII saukunis 70-ian wlebSi
ilarioni jer kidev cocxali Cans. 1677 wels man sakuTari xeliT gadawera abulaxsar
amirejibis Svilis (1515-1535 ww.) mier kacxis monastrisaTvis micemuli yma-mamulis
Sewirulebis ganaxlebis wignebi (kldiaSvili ... 1993: 425). sayuradReboa, rom am
sabuTebSi ilarioni kvlavindeburad kaTolikosad iwodeba, rac, rasakvirvelia, aRar
asaxavs realur viTarebas. am periodSi lixTimereTis mwyemsmTavrad daviT nemsaZes
(1673-1696 ww.) vxedavT (saqarTvelos ... 2000a: 156). rac Seexeba ilarions, is, rogorc
Cans, sicocxlis bolomde atarebda kaTolikosis fiqtiur tituls.
148

dros wmida miwaze imogzaura da erT-erT qarTul savaneSi daculi Ven.4-
is aSiaze savedrebeli kolofonic Seasrula.
2. 1470-1474 wlebidan 1553-1554 wlebamde afxazeTis sakaTolikoso
rezidencia dadianebis sagvareulo saZvaleSi, xobis monasterSi
moqmedebda. drois am monakveTSi lixTimereTis mwyemsmTavrebi biWvinTis
paralelurad, xobSi mosaydreobdnen da `xobis kaTolikosis~ saeklesio
tituls atarebdnen. garejuli krebulis kolofonSi naxsenebi `Ãobisa
qaTalikozi barTlome~ am mosazrebis werilobiT dadasturebas warmoad-
gens. XV saukunis miwurulidan dasavleT saqarTveloSi saeklesio vita-
reba radikalurad Seicvala da afxazeTis kaTolikosTa mTavar mxar-
damWerad dadianebis feodaluri saxlis nacvlad, imereTis samefo kari
gamovida. amas 1553-1554 wlebis movlenebic daerTo. osmalo mezRvaurebma
da yirimelma TaTrebma (?) xobis monasteri daarbies. savaneSi sasuliero
cxovreba Sewyda. lixTimereTis mwyemsmTavrebma xobis moSlili rezi-
dencia miatoves da axali sakaTolikoso kaTedra dasavleT saqarTvelos
udides samefo monasterSi, gelaTSi daimkvidres.
149

$5. gelaTeli monazonis, levan IV dadianis Tanamecxedris, TinaTin-
yofili nino bagrationisa da monazon febronia
xevariZis sami minaweri (XVIII s-is I nax.) 111
Tavdapirvelad warmovadgenT gansaxilav savedrebel minawerebs.
I. Sesrulebulia 265r-s qveda aSiaze. 6,8 X 1 sm. ori striqoni.
nusxuri. ramdenime grafema _ asomTavruliTa da mxedruliT. Savi feris
melani. gankveTilobis niSani: wertili TiTqmis yoveli sityvis Semdeg.
teqstis bolos dasmulia sami wertili. qaragmad naxmaria patara ganivi
klaknili xazi. dReisaTvis teqsti gamocemulia xuTgzis: pirvelad _
grigol feraZis mier, 1940 wels (feraZe 1940: 232) 112 ; meored _ zurab
sarjvelaZis mier, 1983 wels (sarjvelaZe 1983: 86) 113 ; mesamed _ gulnaz
kiknaZis mier, 1989 wels, (gigineiSvili ... 1989: 593) 114 ; meoTxed _ Cvens mier,
2002 wels (jojua 2002g: 114) 115 ; dabolos, mexuTed _ agreTve, Cvens mier,
2004 wels, erTi da imave publikaciis or sxvadasxva adgilas (feraZe
2004: 173, 181) 116 .
R˜ ˜
n n n
R(merT)o, S(eiwyal)e batoniSvili | TinaTin-yof{i}li nino.
111 winamdebare paragrafSi ganxiluli sakiTxebisa da miRebuli daskvnebis ZiriTadi
nawili Setanili gvaqvs 2008 wels dabeWdil statiaSi: `gelaTeli monazonis _ levan
IV dadianis colyofilis nino bagrationisa da monazon febronia xevariZis
savedreblebi (XVIII s-is I nax.) ierusalimSi gadatanili erTi garejuli xelnaweris
(Ven.4-is) aSiebidan~ (jojua 2008: 153-173).
112 ucvlelad mogvaqvs teqstis grigol feraZiseuli publikacia: `R~o S~e. batoniSvili
TinaTin. yofili nino~ (feraZe 1940: 232).
113 ucvlelad mogvaqvs teqstis zurab sarjvelaZiseuli publikacia: `RmerTo, Seiwyale
batoniSvili TinaTin, yofili nino~ (sarjvelaZe 1983: 86).
114 ucvlelad mogvaqvs teqstis gulnaz kiknaZiseuli publikacia: `RmerTo, Seiwyale
batoniSvili TinaTin, yofili nino~ (gigineiSvili ... 1989: 593).
115 ucvlelad mogvaqvs teqstis Cveneuli, 2002 wlis publikacia: `R(merT)o, S(eiwyal)e
batoniSvili TinaTin yofili nino~ (jojua 2002g: 114).
116 ucvlelad mogvaqvs teqstis Cveneuli, 2004 wlis publikaciebi: 1. grigol feraZis
mier gamoqveynebuli teqsti, sadac qaragmebi Cvens mier aris gaxsnili: `R(merT)o
S(eiwyal)e. batoniSvili TinaTin. yofili nino~ (feraZe 2004: 173); 2. uSualod Cvens mier
wakiTxuli teqsti: `R(merT)o, S(eiwyal)e batoniSvili | TinaTin yof{i}li nino~
(feraZe 2004: 181).
150

II. Sesrulebulia 265r-s qveda aSiaze, batoniSvili TinaTin-yofili
ninos savedrebelis qvemoT. 5,7 X 2,1 sm. oTxi striqoni. nusxuri. Savi
feris melani. gankveTilobis niSnebi ar axlavs. qaragmad naxmaria patara
ganivi klaknili xazi. dReisaTvis teqsti gamocemulia oTxgzis: pirvelad
_ zurab sarjvelaZis mier, 1983 wels (sarjvelaZe 1983: 86) 117 ; meored _
gulnaz kiknaZis mier, 1989 wels (gigineiSvili ... 1989: 593) 118 ; mesamed _
Cvens mier, 2002 wels (jojua 2002g: 114) 119 ; dabolos, meoTxed _ agreTve,
Cvens mier, 2004 wels (feraZe 2004: 173, 181) 120 .
˜ ˜
˜
R(merT)o, S(eiwyal)e febr{o}nia, | monazoni guruli | {da} biZa misi
grig(o)l | xevariZe.
III. Sesrulebulia 305r-s qveda naxevarze, urbneli episkoposis
svimeon CxeiZis savedrebelis (1700 w.) qvemoT. 15,6 X 2,3 sm. ori striqoni.
mxedruli. Savi feris melani. gankveTilobis niSnebi: wertili an orwer-
tili alag-alag. qaragmad naxmaria patara ganivi swori xazi, romelsac
marcxena bolo zeviT aqvs aprexili. teqsti aqamde arasodes yofila
gamocemuli.
R˜To S˜e f˜d codvili monazon febronia guruli
xevariZis asuli
117 ucvlelad mogvaqvs teqstis zurab sarjvelaZiseuli publikacia: `RmerTo, Seiwyale
febronia monazoni, guruli, biZa misi grigol xevariZe~ (sarjvelaZe 1983: 86).
118 ucvlelad mogvaqvs teqstis gulnaz kiknaZiseuli publikacia: `RmerTo, Seiwyale
febronia monazoni guruli, biZa misi grigol xevariZe~ (gigineiSvili ... 1989: 593).
119 ucvlelad mogvaqvs teqstis Cveneuli, 2002 wlis publikacia: `R(merT)o, S(eiwyal)e
febr{o}nia, monazoni guruli, biZa misi grig(o)l xevariZe~ (jojua 2002g: 114).
120 ucvlelad mogvaqvs teqstis Cveneuli, 2004 wlis publikacia: `R(merT)o, S(eiwyal)e
febr{o}nia, | monazoni guruli, | biZa misi grig(o)l | xevariZe~ (feraZe 2004: 181).
151

R(merT)o, S(eiwyal)e f(ria)d codvili monazon{i} febronia, guruli,
| xevariZis asuli.
rogorc vxedavT, warmodgenili sami minaweridan arc erTs ar uzis
TariRi. am naklovanebas erTgvarad avsebs III kolofonis Sesrulebis
adgilze dakvirveba. es ukanaskneli dawerilia urbneli episkoposis
svimeon CxeiZis 1700 wlis savedrebelis Semdeg da mRvdelmonazon besa-
rion qiotiSvilis 1813-1814 wlebis minaweris win 121 . aRniSnuli garemoeba,
vfiqrobT, calsaxad migviTiTebs imaze, rom III kolofonis teqsti, ise
rogorc danarCeni ori minaweri, 1700 wlidan 1813-1814 wlebamde periodSi
iyo Sesrulebuli.
Tu Cveni dakvirveba sworia da samive kolofoni namdvilad 1700-
1813/1814 wlebSia dawerili, maSin naTeli xdeba isic, rom kolofonebis
Sesrulebis dros maTi damweri wmida miwaze, ufro zustad ki, ieru-
salimis erT-erT qarTul monasterSi imyofeboda. marTlac, Cven zemoT
vaCveneT, rom Ven.4, sul mcire, 1363 wlidan moyolebuli 1845 wlamde
mainc ierusalimis erT-erT qarTul monasterSi inaxeboda da amitom, mis
aSiebze drois am monakveTSi dawerili uklebliv yvela kolofoni,
cxadia, an amave monastrSi moRvawe, an kidev, wmida miwaze Camosuli
momlocvelebis mier unda yofiliyo Sesrulebuli.
gadavideT minawerebSi moxseniebul istoriul pirTa identifikaciis
sakiTxze. kolofonebis teqstebSi dadasturebuli gvaqvs sami konkre-
tuli piris gvar-saxeli: 1. batoniSvili TinaTin-yofili nino (I kolo-
foni); 2. guruli monazoni febronia xevariZe (II da III kolofonebi); da 3.
monazon febronias biZa grigol xevariZe (II kolofoni).
daviwyoT I kolofoniT. rogorc misi teqsti gvauwyebs, aq mox-
seniebuli TinaTin-yofili nino `batoniSvili~ yofila, rac Sua
121 svimeon urbnelis savedrebelis teqstSi pirdapir aris miTiTebuli misi daweris
TariRi _ qronikoni tpÀ anu 1700 (1312+388) weli (xelnawerTa erovnuli centri, RT
XXV-3, II, 305r). am ukanasknelisagan gansxvavebiT, mRvdel-monazon besarion qiotiSvilis
minawers TariRi ar uzis (xelnawerTa erovnuli centri, RT XXV-3, II, 305r), Tumca mis
mier Ven.4-is aSiebze Sesrulebuli sxva, TariRiani minawerebidan naTlad Cans, rom
mama besarioni Tavis mravalricxovan kolofonebs 1813-1814 wlebSi werda (jojua 2002g:
94-95, 103-104, 129, 138-140). Sesabamisad, amave 1813-1814 wlebiT ganisazRvreba 305r-ze
Sesrulebuli, CvenTvis saintereso uTariRo kolofonis qronologiac.
152

saukuneebis saqarTveloSi, suzerenis, upiratesad ki, mefis Svilobas
niSnavda (xanTaZe 1997: 368). anu sxvagvarad rom vTqvaT, I minaweris
teqstSi moxseniebuli TinaTin-yofili nino mefis asuli yofila. rac
Seexeba imas, Tu konkretulad romel qarTul samefo saxls ekuTvnoda
nino batoniSvili _ qarTlisas, kaxeTisas Tu imereTisas, amis Sesaxeb
minawerSi araferia naTqvami.
nino batoniSvilis sadaurobis dadgenaSi did daxmarebas gviwevs XI
saukunis etratze naweri xelnaweris _ wm. giorgi mTawmidelis
`cxovrebis~ (S-353) aSiebze Sesrulebuli sami gviandeli savedrebeli.
mogvaqvs maTi teqstebi:
`RmerTo, Seiwyale batoniSvil{i} nino~.
`RmerTo, Seiwyale imereli batoniSvili nino~.
`ufalo, Seiwyale monazoni f(e)br(o)nia, a(me)n, a(me)n~ (kolofoneb-
Si teqstis gamarTva da qaragmis gaxsna Cvenia _ T. j.) (bregaZe ... 1959b: 411).
rogorc vxedavT, wm. giorgi mTawmidelis `cxovrebis~ savedreblebsa
da garejuli krebulis minawerebSi moxseniebuli arian zustad erTi da
igive pirebi _ batoniSvili nino da monazoni febronia. amasTan, wm. gior-
gi mTawmidelis `cxovrebis~ meore savedrebelis teqsti, garejuli krebu-
lis kolofonebisagan gansxvavebiT, erT damatebiT cnobasac gvawvdis
nino batoniSvilis Sesaxeb da xazgasmiT migviTiTebs, rom igi `imereli
batoniSvili~ anu imereTis mefis asuli yofila (Sdr.: jojua 2002g: 114).
nino batoniSvilis sadaurobis garkvevis Semdeg Cven sagangebod
gavecaniT imereTis samefos 1700-1813/1814 wlebis istoriasTan dakavSire-
bul mravalricxovan werilobiT Zeglebs da gamovavlineT ramdenime
saintereso cnoba TinaTin-yofili ninos Sesaxeb.
aRniSnuli saistoro masalidan, pirvel yovlisa, unda davasaxeloT
XVII saukuniT daTariRebuli gelaTis gulanis (quT.16) kinklosis erT-
erTi qronikaluri minaweri. minaweri Sesrulebulia tJb qronikonis anu
1704 wlis gaswvriv da gvauwyebs Semdegs:
`[a]m qor{o}nikonsa, aprilis b (2), dResa kviriakesa, bagrat mefisa
(igulisxmeba imereTis mefe bagrat IV _ T. j.) asuli, batonisSvili Tina-
Tin monaz{v}naT ekurTxa. iyo wlisa kv (26)~ (teqstis gamarTva da pun-
153

qtuacia Cvenia _ T. j.) (Jordania 1897: 608. Sdr.: nikolaZe 1953: 82;
Jordania 1967: 12).
daaxloebiT gelaTis gulanis kinklosis minaweris msgavs cnobas
gvawvdis XVIII saukuneSi Sedgenili momcro zomis xelnaweris (kinklo-
sis) _ `sruli qoronikonis~ (S-252g) erTi qronikaluri minaweric. teq-
stSi, romelic Sesrulebulia tJb qronikonis anu 1704 wlis gaswvriv,
vkiTxulobT:
`aqa ekurTxa monazvnaT bagrat imereTis mefis (igulisxmeba imereTis
mefe bagrat IV _ T. j.) asuli TinaTin. iyo wlis kv (26)~ (bregaZe ... 1959b:
259. Sdr.: Jordania 1967: 12, 621; odiSeli 1968: 59) 122 .
122 1853 wels, svaneTSi diplomatiuri misiiT myofma rusma siZveleTmcodnem ivane
barTolomeim zemo svaneTis mulaxis Temis sofel JamuSis eklesiaSi miakvlia
vercxlis suras, romelzec warmodgenili iyo ori mxedruli warweris teqsti
(mogzauroba ... 1855: 233, tab. III,№31). mogvaqvs am warweraTa eqvTime TayaiSviliseuli
wakiTxva: 1. `q. SemogwireT Cven, mefeTmefeman, patronman bagrat da Tanamecxedreman
Cvenman, dedofalman, patronma{n} Tam[a]r, sura ese, xelmwifobisa Cvenisa
w[a]rs[a]m[a]rTebl[a]d, m[a]cxovars mulayTas{a}, q(roni)k(on)s sam{a}s orm[o]cdaTxuTmetsa
(1667 w.)~; 2. `q. batoniSvilis Tin[a]Tinis~ (warwerebSi qaragmis gaxsna da punqtuacia
Cvenia _ T. j.) (TayaiSvili 1937: 258. Sdr.: mogzauroba ... 1855: 233, tab. III, 31; baqraZe 1864:
102). ivane barTolomeim Tavis 1855 wels dabeWdil naSromSi _ `Поездка въ Вольную
Сванетiю...~, aramxolod gamoaqveyna aRniSnuli teqstebi, aramed gamoTqva kidec azri,
rom vercxlis suris warwerebSi moxseniebuli iyvnen imereTis mefe bagrat IV (1660-
1661, 1663-1668, 1669-1678, 1679-1681 ww.), misi Tanamecxedre _ dedofali Tamari da maTi
asuli _ TinaTini. imavdroulad, rusma siZveleTmcodnem yuradReba gaamaxvila im
saintereso faqtze, rom pirveli warweris Tanaxmad, sura mulaxis eklesiisaTvis iyo
Sewiruli, xolo meore warweris mixedviT, igive sura pirvel warweraSi moxseniebuli
mefe-dedoflis asulis sakuTrebas warmoadgenda. mkvlevarma erTgvari axsna
mouZebna warwerebSi daculi cnobebis winaaRmdegobriv xasiaTs da ivarauda, rom
vercxlis sura Tavdapirvelad batoniSvil TinaTins ekuTvnoda, mulaxis eklesiisaTvis
ki is mogvianebiT iyo Sewiruli (mogzauroba ... 1855: 233). vercxlis suris
warwerebSi dadasturebuli istoriuli pirebis ivane barTolomeiseuli identifikacia,
praqtikulad, ukritikod gaiziares qarTvelma istorikosebma _ dimitri baqraZem da
eqvTime TayaiSvilma. am ukanasknelTa azriTac, vercxlis suris meore warweraSi
moxseniebulia bagrat IV-isa da dedofal Tamaris asuli _ TinaTini (baqraZe 1864: 102;
43, 258). CvenTvis absoluturad misaRebia ivane barTolomeis msjelobis is nawili,
romlis Tanaxmadac vercxlis sura misi JamuSis eklesiisaTvis Sewirvamde batoniSvil
TinaTinis sakuTrebas warmoadgenda, magram principulad ver gaviziarebT rusi
siZveleTmcodnis im mosazrebas, rom meore warweraSi moxseniebuli batoniSvili
TinaTini bagrat IV-isa da dedofal Tamaris asuli iyo. marTlac, pirveli warweris
teqsti calsaxad gvauwyebs, rom bagrat IV-sa da dedofal Tamars vercxlis sura
JamuSis eklesiisaTvis SeuwiravT 355-e qronikons anu 1667 wels, maTi asuli TinaTini
ki, gelaTis gulanis kinklosisa da `sruli qoronikonis~ qronikaluri minawerebis
Tanaxmad, rogorc ukve vnaxeT zemoT, dabadebuli iyo 1678 wels anu vercxlis suris
JamuSis eklesiisaTvis Sewirvidan TerTmeti wlis Semdeg. Sesabamisad, srulebiT cxadi
xdeba, rom meore warweraSi moxseniebuli batoniSvili TinaTini veranairad ver iqneba
bagrat IV-isa da dedofal Tamaris asuli TinaTini. maS romeli TinaTin batoniSvili
ixsenieba vercxlis suris meore warweraSi? Cveni dakvirvebiT, aq moxseniebuli unda
iyos bagrat IV-is da, imereTis mefis aleqsandre III-is (1639-1660 ww.) asuli _ TinaTini,
romelic Tavdapirvelad odiSeli Tavadis, vinme goSaZis meuRle iyo, 1663 wlidan ki
odiSis mTavris levan III dadianis (1661-1680 ww.) Tanamecxedre gaxda (batoniSvili
154

TinaTin-yofili ninos cxovreba-moRvaweobis adreuli periodis
Sesaxeb metad saintereso cnobas gvawvdis XVIII saukunis saxelovani
qarTveli istorikosi vaxuSti bagrationi. swavluli batoniSvili 1742-
1745 wlebSi Sedgenil fundamentur naSromSi _ `cxovreba samefosa
saqarTvelosa~ dawvrilebiT aRgviwers XVII saukunis 80-90-iani wlebis
dasavleT saqarTveloSi Seqmnil umZimes politikur viTarebas da
gvauwyebs, rom 1684 wels gamarTul rokiTis omSi damarcxebis Semdeg
odiSis samTavros uzomod gaZlierebulma didmoxelem giorgi lipar-
tianma levan IV dadians (1682-1695/1696 ww.) colad SerTo imereTis mefis
aleqsandre IV-is (1683-1690, 1691-1695 ww.) naxevarda _ TinaTini, asuli
imereTis mefis bagrat IV-isa (1660-1661, 1663-1668, 1669-1678, 1679-1681 ww.) da
misi Tanamecxedris, qarTlis mefis vaxtang V Sah navazis (1658-1675 ww.)
Zmiswulis, dedofal Tamarisa (gard. 1683 w.):
`xolo giorgi liparitianman ixila, rameTu moswydnen Zlierni
imereTisani rokeTis omsa Sina (igulisxmebian aleqsandre IV winaaRmdeg
gamosuli imereli, raWveli da leCxumeli feodalebi _ T. j.), iwyo levan
dadianis gamo RalatiT srva da klva warCinebulTa odiSisaTa, yidva uwya-
lod tyueTa mahmadianTa zeda da epyra saliparitiano, da nebiTa misiTave
iyo levan dadianad. aman levan moiyvana nebiTa liparitianisaTa colad daÁ
aleqsandre mefisa TinaTin, naSobi Tamar dedoflisagan, raTa moimtkicos
odiSi ZaliTa aleqsandresiTa. xolo liparitianman amisTÂs, raTa arRara
moinebos aleqsandrem anu gurielman Tavisad odiSi, aramed saxeliT oden
iyo dadiani levan, garna moqmedi yovlisave iyo liparitiani~ (batoniSvili
vaxuSti 1973: 849-850; beraZe 1999b: 218-220; xorava 2001: 16).
rogorc vaxuSti bagrationis `aRwera samefosa saqarTvelosas~ sxva
cnobidan irkveva, levan IV dadianisa da dedofal TinaTinis
mmarTveloba didxans ar gagrZelebula. daaxloebiT 1695/1696 wlebSi
odiSis samTavros faqtobrivma gamgebelma giorgi lipartianma aRar
isurva levan IV-is dadianoba da igi odiSidan gaaZeva. gandevnilma levan
IV-m jer qarTlis samefos Seafara Tavi, Semdeg ki stambulSi Cavida da
vaxuSti 1973: 837; kldiaSvili ... 1993: 9, 312; jamburia 1973: 351). amrigad, Tu Cveni zemoT
warmodgenili msjeloba sworia, maSin irkveva, rom JamuSis eklesiis vercxlis suris
meore, 1667 wlamde Sesrulebul warweraSi moxseniebulia ara bagrat IV-is asuli,
aramed misi da, aleqsandre III-is asuli _ batoniSvili TinaTini.
155

osmaleTis sulTans odiSis taxtze dabruneba sTxova, Tumca misma
diplomatiurma mcdelobebma Sedegi ar gamoiRo da 1696 wlis axlo-
xanebSi stambulSive aResrula. levan IV-is gardacvalebiT dasrulda
dadianebis Zveli dinastiis mravalsaukunovani istoria da odiSis
mTavroba CiqvanTa axladaRzevebuli gvaris warmomadgenels _ giorgi
lipartians, igive giorgi IV dadians (1701-1709, 1710-1714 ww.) Cauvarda
xelT. samwuxarod, vaxuSti bagrationi arafers gvamcnobs imis Sesaxeb,
Tu ra rols TamaSobda am procesebSi dadianebis Zveli dinastiis bolo
dedofali _ TinaTin bagrationi:
`aramed ganZlierda liparitiani giorgi klviTa da tyÂsa yidviTa.
arRara ineba levan dadiani, ganaZo igi da warvida qarTls arCil mefisa
Tana (igulisxmeba imxanad qarTlSi myofi imereTis mefe arCil II (1661-
1663, 1678-1679, 1690-1691, 1695-1696, 1698 ww.) _ T. j.). Semdgomad warvida
stambols da mokuda mun, da daipyra odiSi liparitianman...~ (batoniSvili
vaxuSti 1973: 856-857; beraZe 1999b: 220-221; beraZe 2000: 31-33).
vaxuSti bagrationis cnobas levan IV dadianisa da batoniSvili
TinaTinis qorwinebis Sesaxeb, praqtikulad, ucvleli saxiT imeorebs
XVIII-XIX saukuneebis qarTveli istorikosi niko dadiani Tavis cnobil
TxzulebaSi _ `qarTvelT cxovreba~ (1823 w-is axloxan.).
niko dadianis TqmiT, 1684 wels gamarTuli rokiTis omidan garkve-
uli periodis Semdeg `leon dadianma miiyvana meuRled daÁ aleqsandre
mefisa TinaTin nebiTa giorgi lipartianisaTa, vinaTgan igi Taobda odiS-
leCxumsa zeda da misiTa nebiTa iyo leon dadianad, saxeliT oden, xolo
saqmiT yovelive iyo giorgi lipartianisa~ (niko dadiani 1962: 166).
nino batoniSvilis biografiis Semdgomi periodis Sesaxeb vrclad
aris moTxrobili cnobili qarTveli mwignobris gabriel gelovanis mier
1737 wels rusulidan naTargmni `geografiisaTvis~ darTuli vrceli
anderZis teqstSi. anderZis pirvel nawilSi gabriel gelovani dawvri-
lebiT gadmogvcems qarTlis mefis vaxtang VI-isa (1716-1724 ww.) da misi
mravalricxovani amalis ruseTSi wasvlis peripetiebs (citati mogvaqvs
`geografiis~ erT-erTi, 1793 wlis nusxidan (S-1743)):
1724 wlis ivlisSi vaxtang VI-m `mswrafl dauteva taxti Tvisi;
aRdga da warmoemarTa _ mefeTa mier raodenime uricxvelni samRvdeloni
156

da saeroni qarTvelni, imerelni da kaxni episkoposni, mRvdelni, Tavadni,
aznaurni, monani da Simunvarni, deda-wuliTurT maTiT. da moiwia qveya-
nasa raWisasa, da aqa ubrZana mefeman erisTavs SoSitas raTa mTavarTa
ovsTasa warmouRos mzevalni. ese ambavi esma ra asulsa mefisa bagra-
tisasa batonisSvilsa ninos, imereTs, monastersa gelaTisasa da muniTgan
warmovida mswrafl farulad. da ese moexsena mefesa, Zmiswulsa missa,
aleqsandres imereTisasa (igulisxmeba imereTis mefe aleqsandre V _ T.
j.) da moswia romelime Tavadi CxeiZe, r(ameTu) ara enebaT ganteveba misi
eseoden SorebiT. r(ameTu) ixila mefeTa asulman kaci ese movlinebuli,
friad Sewuxna da RonisZieba vera ra hpova. maSin igulisxma batonis-
Svilman nino da movlinebulsa mas Tavadsa romelime saboZvari uboZa da
Zmiswulsa Tvissa aleqsandres arwmuna esreT, r(ameTu) romelime
dabeWdili mafraSebi daugdo, r(ameTu) `yovelive Cemi saunje amas Sigan
STamodebul ars. mivide ra raWasao da gamoveTxovo Zmasa Cemsao, mefisa
qarT[l]isasao da kvalad movideo~. da maT ese ver gulisxma-hyves, r(ame-
Tu) mafraSaSigan iyo bamba da miT gatenil. da esreTisa xelovnebiTa
ixsna Tavi Tvisi da aw (?) mobZanda da meca maSin Tana warmiyvana, romeli
viyav mibarebul mizezisaTvis swavlisaTvis odiSTa mflobelis batonis,
didis Tavadis dadianis beJanis (igulisxmeba odiSis mTavari beJan
dadiani (1714-1728 ww.) _ T. j.) meuRlis Tamarisagan, romeli gvixmda
CvenTvis mamidad. maSin mobrZanda batonisSvili nino mefesTana raWas da
evedra warmoyvanasa ruseTs. maSin aRdga mefe da ganvlo mdinare rionisa
da Seudga mTasa maRalsa kavkasisasa...~ (qaragmis gaxsna Cvenia _ T. j.)
(enuqiZe ... 1963: 175-176; paiWaZe 1973: 421. Sdr.: odiSeli 1968: 125).
TinaTin-yofili ninos ruseTSi gamgzavrebis Sesaxeb aranakleb
saintereso cnobas gvawvdis 1724 wliT daTariRebuli dokumenti _ e. w.
`vaxtang VI-is amalis 1724 wlis nusxa~. am orenovan, qarTul da rusul
enebze Sedgenil dokumentSi warmodgenilia vaxtang VI-sTan erTad
ruseTSi Casuli pirebis nusxa, romelsac, rig SemTxvevebSi, darTuli
aqvs sxvadasxva saxis cnobebi nusxaSi Setanili pirebis Sesaxeb.
dokumentSi nino batoniSvili moxseniebulia, rogorc vaxtang VI-is
Tanamecxedris _ dedofal rusudanis (gard. 1741 w.) Tanmxlebi piri,
romelsac, Tavis mxriv, sakuTari amala axlda:
157

`q. nusxa a (1), saqarTvelos mefis vaxtang levanis Svilisa da vinc
mefes didni Tu mcireni, darbaiselni da msaxurni axlavan: ...
batons dedofals (igulisxmeba dedofali rusudani _ T. j.) axlavs |
SigniT imerel mefis | qali, dadianis colyo|fili, monazoni nino _ a (1). |
amas (igulisxmeba nino batoniSvili _ T. j.) axlavs: monazoni _ a (1),
| mxlebeli _ g (3), | winamZRvari, azneurSvili | iakob _ a (1). |
id (14).
amaTi (igulisxmeba batoniSvili ninos amala _ T. j.) mosamsaxure _
При царицеж (igulisxmeba dedofali rusudani _ T. j.): имеретинс|кого
царя дшерь, бывше|го Дадиана супруга, мо|нахиня Нина - 1. |
Да приней (igulisxmeba batoniSvili nino _ T. j.): монахиня Мак|рина - 1,
| служительниц женска полу - 3, | да игумен Ияков - 1, | мужеска полу служителей
- 14~ (punqtuacia Cvenia _ T. j.) (paiWaZe 1960: 206).
nino batoniSvilis ruseTSi yofnis Sesaxeb cnobebi daculia 1721
wels moskovSi gadawerili qarTuli xelnaweris _ `ruseTis xelmwifis
aleqsi mixeilis Zis kanonmdeblobis~ (S-3614) gviandeli, daaxloebiT 1742
wliT daTariRebuli ori kolofonis teqstSi. kolofonebis avtori,
xelnaweris SemZeni vinme ucnobi piri gvauwyebs:
1. `batonisSvili TinaTin monozvan{i} CemTan bZandebod{a}~
(teqstis gamarTva Cvenia _ T. j.) (bregaZe ... 1969: 71).
2. `q(riste)s aq(e)T CRma (1741 w.), Tvesa noembers T (9) am wignSi levs
(igulisxmeba xelnaweris gadamweri, vinme ioseb-yofili lev petroviCi _
T. j.) mivec rubli d (4).
q. g (3) kidem noembers id (14) mivarTvi Tavisis kacis ÃeliT.
q. noembers iÀ (18) efTvimes ÃeliT g (3) rubli levs.
q. dekembersa a (1) ori rubli levs mivarTvi efTvimes ÃeliT welsa
(?) psqis (?) monasterSi.
q. dekembersa ib (12) À (8) rubli levs demetres ÃeliT mivarTvi. b (2)
Tumani gaTavda.
q. d (4) rubli Cemis ÃeliT mivarTvi ianvars g (3) am niSniT, odes
batonisSvili TinaTin monozvani CemTan bZandeboda.
158

q. ianvars ia (12) alxazas ÃeliT mivarTvi levs rubli v (6)~
(teqstis gamarTva da qaragmis gaxsna Cvenia _ T. j.) (bregaZe ... 1969: 71) 123 .
amrigad, gelaTis gulanis (quT.16) kinklosis, `sruli qoronikonis~
(S-252g), gabriel gelovanis mier naTargmni `geografiisa~ (S-1743) da
`ruseTis xelmwifis aleqsi mixeilis Zis kanonmdeblobis~ (S-3614) kolo-
fonebze dayrdnobiT, agreTve, `vaxtang VI-is amalis 1724 wlis nusxis~,
vaxuSti bagrationis `aRwera samefosa saqarTvelosas~ da niko dadianis
`qarTvelT cxovrebis~ cnobebis gaTvaliswinebiT, garejuli krebulisa
(Ven.4) da wm. giorgi mTawmidelis `cxovrebis~ (S-353) minawerebSi
moxseniebuli imereli batoniSvilis TinaTin-yofili ninos biografia
Semdegi saxiT SegviZlia aRvadginoT:
TinaTini daibada 1678 wels, imereTis mefis bagrat IV bagrationisa
(1660-1661, 1663-1668, 1669-1678, 1679-1681 ww.) da misi Tanamecxedris, qarTlis
mefis vaxtang V Sah navazis (1658-1675 ww.) Zmiswulis, dedofal Tamar
bagrationis ojaxSi (gard. 1683 w.). 1684-1695/1696 wlebs Soris periodSi,
bagrat IV-is ukanono vaJis _ imereTis mefis aleqsandre IV-is (1683-1690,
1691-1695 ww.) mmarTvelobis Jams, TinaTini colad SeirTo odiSis
mTavarma, dadianebis Zveli dinastiis bolo warmomadgenelma levan IV
dadianma (1682-1695/1696 ww.). TinaTinis odiSSi dedofloba didxans ar
gagrZelebula. 1695/1696 wlebSi levan IV-m mTavris taxti dakarga da
odiSidan gaZevebuli, 1696 wlis axloxanebSi stambulSi, devnilobaSi
gardaicvala. 1704 wlis 2 aprils, kvira dRes, 26 wlis daqvrivebuli
TinaTini monazvnad aRikveca da saxelad nino ewoda. rogorc Cans, Semo-
nazvnebuli batoniSvili Tavisi drois erT-erT yvelaze ufro ganaT-
lebul adamianad iTvleboda, ris gamoc odiSis mTavris beJan dadianis
(1714-1728 ww.) meuRles Tamar gelovans, misTvis aRsazrdelad sakuTari
Zmiswuli, SemdgomSi cnobili mwignobari gabriel gelovani miubarebia.
1724 wlis ivlisSi, roca qarTlis mefe vaxtang VI (1716-1724 ww.) Tavisi
123 nino batoniSvilis ruseTSi moRvaweobasTan dakavSirebiT, sakmaod saintereso mosazrebas
gamoTqvams istorikosi fridon sixaruliZe. misi TqmiT, `moskovs nayofierad
moRvaweobdnen qarTveli monazvnebi: erekle I-is asuli elisabedi, imereTis mefis
asuli nino da sxv.~ (sixaruliZe 1990: 18). samwuxarod, mkvlevari martooden am zogadi
fraziT Semoifargleba da ar akonkretebs Tu saxeldobr ra `nayofier moRvaweobas~
eweoda nino batoniSvili moskovSi yofnis Jams. aRniSnulidan gamomdinare, Cven
jerjerobiT verc uarvyofT da verc gaviziarebT fridon sixaruliZis mosazrebas.
159

mravalricxovani amaliT ruseTisaken daiZra da gzad raWaSi dabanakda,
nino bagrationi gelaTis monasterSi imyofeboda. Semonazvnebulma
batoniSvilma vaxtang VI-is ambis gagebisTanave malulad datova gelaTi
da Tavis mowafesTan, gabriel gelovanTan erTad raWaSi gaemgzavra.
imereTis mefem, nino bagrationis naxevarZmis SviliSvilma, aleqsandre V-
m (1720-1741, 1741-1746, 1749-1752 ww.) Semonazvnebul batoniSvils vinme Tavadi
CxeiZe daadevna da misi ukan dabruneba daavala. nino bagrationma xerxs
mimarTa. Tavadi CxeiZe daasaCuqra, aleqsandre V-s ki ukan dabruneba
aRuTqva da vaxtang VI-sTan gamoTxovebis nebarTva sTxova. garda amisa,
micemuli pirobis gautexelobis niSnad Tavad CxeiZes (?) bambiT gatenili
mafraSebi anu tyavisagan Sekerili tomrebi dautova da daarwmuna,
`yovelive Cemi saunje amas Sigan STamodebul arso~. mefe da Tavadi
motyuvdnen da Semonazvnebuli batoniSvili raWaSi gauSves. maTgan
TavdaRweuli nino bagrationi vaxtang VI-sTan mivida da ruseTSi wayvana
sTxova. qarTlis mefem Seiwynara misi saTxovari da 45 wlis asakSi myofi
Semonazvnebuli batoniSvili gabriel gelovanTan da sxva mraval-
ricxovan qarTvelobasTan erTad, ruseTs gaemgzavra. ruseTSi Casuli
TinaTin-yofili nino vaxtang VI-s Tanamecxedris _ dedofal rusudanis
(gard. 1741 w.) Tanmxleb pirad iTvleboda da sakmaod mravalricxovani
piradi amala hyavda: vinme monazoni makrine, sami mxlebeli qali, ucnobi
monastris winamZRvari _ warmomavlobiT aznauri iakobi da ToTxmeti
mosamsaxure mamakaci, sul _ cxrameti adamiani. 1742 wlis 3 ianvrisaTvis
64 wlis nino bagrationi kvlavindeburad ruseTSi, savarudod, qalaq
moskovis midamoebSi cxovrobda da vinme ucnob qarTvel bibliofilTan
stumrad imyofeboda (Sdr.: mogzauroba ... 1855: 233, tab. III, №31; baqraZe
1864: 102-104; TayaiSvili 1937: 258-259; jojua 2002g: 114) 124 .
124 TinaTin-yofili ninos biografia sakmaod gansxvavebuli saxiT aris warmodgenili
1996 wels moskovSi dabeWdili sacnobaro-saenciklopedio xasiaTis rusulenovani
gamocemis _ `Дворянские роды Российской Империи~ III tomSi. aq nino batoniSvilis cxovreba-moRvaweobis
ZiriTadi etapebi ganxilulia imereli bagrationebisadmi miZRvnil
statiaSi. Tavad statia momzadebulia rusi mkvlevris _ stanislav duminis mier,
qarTveli siZveleTmcodneebis _ ioseb biWikaSvilisa da iuri Ciqovanis, agreTve, petre
grebelskis mier miwodebul masalebze dayrdnobiT. statiaSi vkiTxulobT: `Тинатин
(1678-1760), внебрачная дочь Баграта IV, жена кн. Георгия Гуриели, во втором браке (с 1689 г.) за Леваном
IV Дадиани (?-1694), правителем Мегрелии (1681-1691)~ (dumini ... 1996: 88). rogorc vxedavT,
statia gvawvdis oTx konkretul cnobas TinaTin-yofili ninos biografiis Sesaxeb:
1. TinaTini daibada 1678 wels da gardaicvala 1760 wels; 2. TinaTini iyo imereTis
160

Semonazvnebuli batoniSvilis ZiriTadi biografiuli detalebis
reziumirebis Semdeg sagangebod unda SevexoT qarTul istoriografiaSi
damkvidrebul mosazrebas, romlis Tanaxmadac nino bagrationis Tanamec-
xedres levan IV dadians ori Svili hyavda: vaJi _ ruseTSi moRvawe
cnobili samxedro moxele, artileriis general-maiori, dadianebis
saTavado saxlis ruseTis Stos fuZemdebeli _ giorgi dadiani (gard.
1765 w.) (baqraZe 1864: 104; tatiSvili 1959: 220-221, 238; sixaruliZe 1981: 99;
tuRuSi 1991: 138-139; sixaruliZe 1991: 59, 77, 228-229; dumini ... 1998: 49; beraZe
2000: 32; xorava 2001: 17; metreveli ... 2007: 60) da qali _ dadianebis axali
dinastiis erT-erTi pirveli warmomadgenlis, odiSis mTavris kacia I
dadianis (1709-1710 ww.) Tanamecxedre _ mariami (tuRuSi 1991: 138; beraZe
2000: 33; xorava 2001: 17, 27, 32).
daviwyoT giorgi dadianiT, romlis biografiis Sesaxebac Zvirfas
cnobebs gvawvdis missave saflavis qvaze TerTmet (?) striqonad Sesru-
lebuli rusulenovani epitafiis teqsti. warwera, romelic Cadgmulia
moskovis donis monastris mirqmis eklesiis sakurTxevlis salaros (?)
kedelSi, gvauwyebs:
mefis bagrat IV-is ukanono Svili; 3. TinaTinis pirveli meuRle iyo giorgi gurieli; 4
TinaTinis meore meuRle iyo levan IV dadiani. stanislav duminis mier mowodebuli
cnobebidan, saistorio wyaroebi mTlianad adastureben bolo cnobis marTebulobas.
vaxuSti bagrationis `cxovreba samefosa saqarTvelosas~ (batoniSvili vaxuSti 1973:
849) da `vaxtang VI-is amalis 1724 wlis nusxis~ (paiWaZe 1960: 206) miTiTebiT, nino batoniSvilis
meuRle marTlac levan IV dadiani iyo. kardinalurad gansxvavebuli suraTi
gvaqvs TinaTin-yofili ninosa da guriis mTavris giorgi III gurielis (1664-1684 ww.)
TanamecxedreobasTan dakavSirebiT. dabejiTebiT SeiZleba iTqvas, rom rusi mkvlevris
mier dasaxelebuli faqti arci erTi werilobiTi wyaroTi ar dasturdeba. yovelgvar
safuZvelsaa moklebuli stanislav duminis is cnobac, TiTqos nino batoniSvili
imereTis mefis bagrat IV-is ukanono Svili iyo. piriqiT, vaxuSti bagrationi Tavis
`cxovreba samefosa saqarTvelosaSi~ xazgasmiT aRniSnavs, rom TinaTin-yofili nino
swored rom bagrat IV-is kanonieri meuRlis _ dedofal Tamar bagrationis mier iyo
Sobili (batoniSvili vaxuSti 1973: 849). dasasrul, aucileblad unda SevexoT rusi
mkvlevris cnobas nino batoniSvilis dabadebisa da gardacvalebis TariRebis Sesaxebac.
is, rom TinaTin-yofili nino namdvilad 1678 wels aris dabadebuli, aranair
eWvs ar iwvevs. es faqti pirdapir aris miTiTebuli gelaTis gulanis kinklosisa (Jordania
1967: 608) da `sruli qoronikonis~ (160, 259). minawerebSi. rac Seexeba nino batoni-
Svilis gardacvalebis TariRs _ 1760 wels, CvenTvis absoluturad gaugebaria, romel
saistorio wyaroebze dayrdnobiT aris miRebuli aseTi konkretuli qronologiuri
monacemi. samwuxarod, stanislav duminis statiis nino batoniSvilisadmi miZRvnil nakveTs
ar axlavs bibliografia, ris gamoc aRniSnuli cnobis marTebulobis Semowmebas
verasgziT ver vaxerxebT. Sesabamisad ki, Cveni kvlevis am etapze, arc viziarebT da
arc uarvyofT rusi mkvlevris mier SemoTavazebul TariRs.
161

`1765 / году, июня 12 / дня, в 2 часу пополуночи, на память / преподобных отцов
наших Онуфрия вели/кого, Петра Афонского, преставмся раб / божий генерал маеор,
князь Георгий / Леонтьев сын Дадианъ, который / родился от Рождества Христова в
1683, / а представися в 1765 года и пожив / всех лет 82 года ... тело его под сим / ...
блаженство~ (punqtuacia Cvenia _ T. j.) (tatiSvili 1959: 254, sur. 15).
rogorc vxedavT, epitafiis teqstSi xazgasmiT aris naTqvami, rom
giorgi dadianis mamas saxelad leonti anu levani erqva. Tu aqve
gaviTvaliswinebT im garemoebas, rom giorgi dadianis dabadebis droi-
saTvis anu 1683 wels dadianobas namdvilad levan IV flobda, maSin
dabejiTebiT SeiZleba iTqvas, rom ruseTSi moRvawe general-maiori
giorgi dadiani odiSis mTavarTa Zveli dinastiis ukanaskneli warmomad-
genlis levan IV dadianis vaJi iyo.
miRebuli daskvnis Semdeg Cvens yuradRebas axla ukve sxva
saintereso garemoeba ipyrobs _ zemoT motanili epitafiis cnobiT,
giorgi dadiani daibada 1683 wels anu im dros, roca levan IV dadianis
erTaderTi kanonieri Tanamecxedre, 1678 wels dabadebuli TinaTin bag-
rationi mxolod da mxolod xuTi wlis iyo. vfiqrobT, aqedan logi-
kurad gamomdinareobs kidev erTi daskvna, rom giorgi dadiani levan IV
ukanono vaJi iyo da CvenTvis saintereso TinaTin-yofili nino
bagrationic mas ara dedad, aramed dedinacvlad ergeboda.
am bolo debulebis marTebulobas mTlianad adasturebs odiSSi
myofi rusi saxelmwifo moxelis petre litvinovis mier 1805 wlis 22
marts saqarTvelos mTavarmarTeblis, general pavle cicianovisaTvis
(1802-1806 ww.) gagzavnili moxsenebiTi baraTi. moxsenebaSi petre
litvinovi iuwyeba, rom odiSSi yofnis dros, qarTveli istorikosis niko
dadianis (gard. 1834 w.) daxmarebiT, Tavi mouyara cnobebs odiSis
samTavro taxtze dadianebis axali dinastiis damkvidrebis Sesaxeb da
iqve dasZens, rom Zveli dadianebis ukanaskneli warmomadgenlis vaJi,
romelic SemdgomSi ruseTSi gadasaxlda, ukanonod iyo Sobili:
`Мужское колено дадiановъ, владевшихъ Одиши и бывшихъ подъ покровительс-
твомъ царя Имеретинскаго, пресеклось; осталас одна дочь и сынъ незаконнорожденный,
котораго народъ не призналъ за своего повелителя. Сiе междуначалiе подало поводъ
Лечгумскому владельцу Чиковани, бывшему первымъ сардаломъ царя Имеретинскаго,
162

завладеть Одиши, - что онъ счастливо исполнилъ, и дабы подкрепить право завоеванiя,
женилъ сына своего на оставшейся дочери первых дадiановъ, выгнавъ незаконнорож-
деннаго брата ея, который проехалъ въ Россiю. Съ сего времени Леван Чиковани принялъ
на себя титулъ дадiановъ и отказался отъ повиновенiя царю. Къ Лечгуму, яко
собственности своей, присоединилъ Одиши, и настоящiй дадiанъ есть шестой отъ него
произшедшiй~ (berJe 1868: 504).
miuxedavad imisa, rom petre litvinovs erTmaneTSi areuli aqvs
levan I dadianis (1533-1572 ww.) mmarTvelobis Jams odiSis samTavros
damoukidebel politikur erTeulad Camoyalibebisa (XVI s-is 50-iani ww.)
da dadianebis Zveli dinastiis axali dadianebiT _ CiqvanebiT Canac-
vlebis (XVIII s-is dasaw.) ambebi, mis mier mowodebul informacias mainc
didi mniSvneloba aqvs CvenTvis. marTlac, am cnobebidan naTlad Cans,
rom ruseTSi damkvidrebuli giorgi dadiani odiSis mTavarTa Zveli
dinastiis bolo warmomadgenlis levan IV-is ukanono vaJi iyo.
sxvaTa Soris, petre litvinovis cnobas zustad CvenTvis saintereso
kuTxiT jer kidev 1991 wels miaqcia yuradReba istorikosma abesalom
tuRuSma, romelmac, sxva qarTveli mkvlevrebisagan gansxvavebiT, savsebiT
sworad ivarauda, rom giorgi dadiani levan IV-is ukanono vaJi iyo
(tuRuSi 1991: 138-139. Sdr.: tatiSvili 1959: 220-221, 238; sixaruliZe 1981: 99;
sixaruliZe 1991: 59, 77, 228-229; guCua 1985: 49; berZeniSvili 1964: 32;
berZeniSvili 1971b: 17).
giorgi dadianisagan absoluturad gansxvavebul suraTs vawydebiT
levan IV-is meore SvilTan _ mariamTan dakavSirebiT. am ukanasknelis
Sesaxeb uaRresad mwiri saistorio cnobebi mogvepoveba. aq, pirvel
yovlisa, mxedvelobaSi gvaqvs XVI (?) saukuniT daTariRebuli da dRei-
saTvis dakarguli xelnaweris _ caiSis gulanis aSiebze Sesrulebuli
ori minaweri, romelTagan pirveli kolofonis teqsti gamoqveynebulia
Tedo Jordanias mier, 1897 wels, xolo meore _ eqvTime TayaiSvilis mier,
odnav ufro mogvianebiT, 1914 wels. mogvaqvs orive minaweris teqsti:
`... viZie ... gulani, dampali, didisa levan dadianisa uk{a}niT uÃmar
da gaukeTebeli. Ãelvyav me, caiSel mitropolitman maqsime cixisTavman ...
srulni da unakluloni ... mravlTa wignTagan gavakeTebine ... . dedoflis
mariamis brZanebiTa ... da dadianis kaciasiTa gakeTda w(mid)a ese gulani~
163

(qaragmis gaxsna, teqstis gamarTva da punqtuacia Cvenia _ T. j.) (Jordania
1897: 356. Sdr.: TayaiSvili 1914: 192).
`daiwera da gakeTda wmida ese, SewevniTa R(mrT)is(aÁ)Ta, sulTa
ganmanaTlebeli gulani caiSis R(mrT)ismSoblisa, patronobasa Sina
dadianis kacias{a}Ta da Tanamecxedrisa maTisa, pirmSoÁsa, pirmetyve-
lisa, R(mrT)ismoyvarisaÁ da qristes morwmunisaÁ, qalwulTa msgavsebu-
l{i}sa da y(ovel)Ta T(an)a dedaTaÁ SeerTeb{u}lisaÁ da {a}sulisaÁ
daviTisaÁ, orRano{i}saÁ tkbil{i}saÁ, eban{i}saÁ sulier{i}sa da qnar{i}saÁ
da R(mrT)isa morCad aRmocenebul{i}saÁ da yovlisaÁ saRm{r}To-sakaco-
bomdis sruliad da unaklulod aRzrdil{i}saÁ, didTaÁ didisa, zeST
aRmatebulisa, eliasebr sam camde aRwevnulisa, odiSTaÁ, suanTaÁ da
afxazeTTa mflobelisaÁ, batonis dadianis Zed mosaTvlelisaÁ da axlad
odiSis dadianis Zed ganmaaxlebelisaÁ, dadianis asulis, batonis
dedoflis mariamis{aTa}, {romlisa} brZanebiTa gakeTda w(mida)Á ese
gulani maTda sadRegrZelod da wa{r}samarTeb{e}lad da gansaZliere-
belad da ZeTa maTTa da asulTa maTTa aRsazrdelad. R(merTma)n
daumtkicos patronobaÁ maTi sigrZesa S(in)a dReTasa da mravalmca
arian Jamni da welni cxorebisa maTisani, a(me)n~ (qaragmis gaxsna, teqstis
gamarTva da punqtuacia Cvenia _ T. j.) (TayaiSvili 1914: 190-191).
caiSis gulanis minawerebSi moxseniebuli kacia dadianisa da misi
Tanamecxedris _ mariamis vinaobiT imTaviTve dainteresda eqvTime TayaiS-
vili, romelmac arsebiTad sworad moaxdina maTi identificireba.
mkvlevris TqmiT, meore minaweris teqstSi `moxseniebuli dadiani kacia
aris kacia Ciqoani, romelic gaxda winapari bolondeli dadianebisa me
XVII saukunis meore naxevridan. amis ukanaskneli meuRle cnobili ar
aris, xolo am minaweris mixedviT unda iyos dadianis asuli mariami.
amiT kacias kidev meti ufleba moupovebia dadianad gamxdariyo. tyuilad
ar ambobs minaweri mariamis Sesaxeb `axlad odiSis Zed ganmaax-
lebelisaÁ~ (TayaiSvili 1914: 191).
eqvTime TayaiSvilis mosazreba kidev ufro daakonkreta abesalom
tuRuSma. am ukanasknelma, Tavis mxriv, yuradReba sagangebod gaamaxvila
petre litvinovis 1805 wlis 22 martis moxsenebiT baraTze, sadac
xazgasmiT aris naTqvami, rom odiSis samTavro taxtze pretenziis mqone
164

Ciqvanma sakuTari vaJi dadianebis Zveli dinastiis bolo warmomadgenlis
kanonier asulze daaqorwina:
`Мужское колено дадiановъ, владевшихъ Одиши ... пресеклось; осталас одна дочь и
сынъ незаконнорожденный, котораго народъ не призналъ за своего повелителя. Сiе
междуначалiе подало поводъ Лечгумскому владельцу Чиковани, бывшему первымъ
сардаломъ царя Имеретинскаго, завладеть Одиши, - что онъ счастливо исполнилъ, и
дабы подкрепить право завоеванiя, женилъ сына своего на оставшейся дочери первых
дадiановъ, выгнавъ незаконнорожденнаго брата ея, который проехалъ въ Россiю~ (berJe
1868: 504).
garda amisa, abesalom tuRuSma erTmaneTs daukavSira caiSis gula-
nis meore minawerisa da petre litvinovis moxsenebiTi baraTis cnobebi,
gaiTvaliswina XVII-XVIII saukuneebis odiSis samTavroSi mimdinare
Sidapolitikuri procesebi da savsebiT samarTlianad daaskvna, rom
levan IV dadians hyavda kanonieri asuli _ mariami, romelic odiSis sam-
Tavro taxtze pretenziis mqone giorgi lipartianma colad SerTo Tavis
ufros vaJs _ kacias, SemdgomSi _ odiSis mTavar kacia I dadians (tuRuSi
1991: 138).
Cven mTlianad viziarebT eqvTime TayaiSvilisa da abesalom tuRuSis
mosazrebebs. marTlac, odiSis mTavarTa Soris dReisaTvis cnobilia
mxolod ori piri, romelic atarebda kacias saxels (beraZe 2000; xorava
2001). eseni arian _ kacia I (1709-1710 ww.) da kacia II (1758-1788 ww.). aqedan,
qarTuli istoriografiis mier detalurad aris dadgenili kacia II bio-
grafia (xorava 2001: 54-55). kerZod ki, cnobilia, rom mas hyavda sami meuR-
le _ darejan ServaSiZe (1760-1765 ww.), elisabed bagrationi (1765-1788 ww.)
da ana wulukiZe (1770-iani ww. _ 1788 w.) (xorava 2001: 46-48). Sesabamisad,
caiSis minawerebSi moxseniebuli kacia dadiani da misi Tanamecxedre
mariami SeuZlebelia gavaigivoT kacia II dadianTan da misi sami
meuRlidan romelimesTan. vfiqrobT, aRniSnulidan gamomdinare,
gacilebiT ufro meti albaTobiT SegviZlia vivaraudoT, rom caiSis
gulanis kolofonebSi moxseniebulia kacia I dadiani, romlis Sesaxebac,
kacia II-sagan gansxvavebiT, bevrad ufro mwiri saistorio cnobebi
mogvepoveba (xorava 2001: 32-33).
165

garda zemoTqmulisa, caiSis gulanis minawerebSi moxseniebuli kacia
dadianisa da kacia I-is identifikaciis sasargeblod naTlad metyvelebs
sxva sagulisxmo garemoebac. kerZod, caiSis gulanis kolofonebis
mixedviT, kacia dadianis meuRle mariami Tavadac dadiani iyo _ `asuli
dadianisa~, oRond, cxadia, ara kacias sisxlismieri naTesavi, aramed
romeliRac sxva dinastiis Camomavali. Tanac, amasTan, ara odiSis
mTavarTa romelime gverdiTi Stos rigiTi warmomadgeneli, aramed
erTaderTi kanonieri memkvidre _ `Zed CasaTvleli~ im dadianisa, rome-
lic, Tavis mxriv, mTeli sadadianos _ `odiSis, svaneTisa da afxazeTis~
mflobeli iyo. anu sxvagvarad rom vTqvaT, mariami _ dadianebis erTi,
savaraudod, Zveli dinastiis memkvidre da `ganmaaxlebeli~, imavdroulad,
iyo meuRle odiSis mTavrad aRzevebuli kaciasi da deda dadianebis
meore, savaraudod, axali dinastiisa. Tu caiSis gulanis minawerebSi
daculi cnobebis Cveneuli interpretacia sworia, maSin calsaxad
SeiZleba iTqvas, rom am kolofonebSi moxseniebuli kacia dadiani da
misi Tanamecxedre mariami uSualo monawileobas iRebdnen odiSis
mTavarTa erTi dinastiis meore dinastiiT Canacvlebis umniSvnelovanes
istoriul procesSi, rasac, Tavis mxriv, adgili hqonda swored XVIII
saukunis dasawyisSi, kacia I-isa da misi mamis _ giorgi lipartianis,
igive giorgi IV dadianis mmarTvelobis Jams da ara 1758-1788 wlebSi,
roca odiSs kacia II ganagebda (beraZe 2000: 32-33; xorava 2001: 17-24, 27-29,
32-33, 45-48).
rogorc vxedavT, eqvTime TayaiSvilisa da abesalom tuRuSis mier
gamoTqmuli mosazrebebi savsebiT sworia da caiSis gulanis minawerebSi
marTlac moxseniebulni arian odiSis mTavari kacia I dadiani da misi
Tanamecxedre mariam dadiani, petre litvinovis moxsenebiTi baraTis
mixedviT, kanonieri asuli dadianebis Zveli dinastiis bolo
warmomadgenlis anu levan IV dadianisa 125 .
125 caiSis gulanis minawerebSi moxseniebuli kacia dadianis kacia I-Tan identificirebis
Semdeg Tavisuflad xerxdeba Tavad kolofonebis daTariRebac. kerZod, minawerebis
teqstSi kacia I dadianad aris moxseniebuli, es ukanaskneli ki odiSis mTavris taxts
metad xanmokle periodSi _ 1709-1710 wlebSi flobda (xorava 2001: 32-33). Sesabamisad, ar
SevcdebiT Tuki davaskvniT, rom caiSis gulanis Cvens mier gamoyofili ori kolofoni
amave 1709-1710 wlebSia Sesrulebuli.
166

aRniSnul daskvnas arsebiTi mniSvneloba aqvs Cveni Semdgomi
msjelobisaTvis. marTlac, masze dayrdnobiT, sabolood dgindeba, rom
levan IV dadians ukanono vaJis _ giorgis garda, kanonieri asuli _
mariamic hyavda. xolo vinaidan qarTuli werilobiTi wyaroebis Tanaxmad,
levan IV dadians mxolod erTi kanonieri meuRle _ TinaTin bagrationi
hyavda (batoniSvili vaxuSti 1973: 849), maSin cxadi xdeba isic, rom
mariami swored CvenTvis saintereso TinaTin batoniSvilis asuli iyo.
Cveni dakvirvebiT, swored amgvari daskvnis sasargeblod unda
metyvelebdes caiSis gulanis meore minaweris erTi adgili, sadac
mariami `daviTis asulad~ da `RmrTis morCad~ aris moxseniebuli:
`daiwera da gakeTda wmida ese ... gulani caiSis R(mrT)ismSoblisa,
patronobasa Sina dadianis kacias{a}Ta da Tanamecxedrisa maTisa ...
{a}sulisaÁ daviTisaÁ ... da R(mrT)isa morCad aRmocenebul{i}saÁ .. batonis
dedoflis mariamis{aTa}~ (qaragmis gaxsna, teqstis gamarTva da punqtu-
acia Cvenia _ T. j.) (TayaiSvili 1914: 190-191).
ras gulisxmobda minaweris avtori, roca mariams uwodebda `daviTis
asulsa~ da `RmrTis morCad aRmocenebuls~? Cveni azriT, am frazebiT
xazi hqonda gasmuli mariamis warmomavlobas, ufro zustad ki, im faqts,
rom igi, garda mamiT dadianobisa, dedis anu CvenTvis saintereso TinaTin
batoniSvilis mxriv, iyo Camomavali bagrationTa imereTisa (TinaTinis
mamis xazi) da qarTlis (TinaTinis dedis xazi) samefo saxlebisa, rom-
lebic sakuTar warmomavlobas, tradiciulad, bibliur mefe daviTs ukav-
Sirebdnen da Tavs macxovris naTesavebad miiCnevdnen (lorTqifaniZe 1966).
amrigad, vfiqrobT, ar SevcdebiT, Tuki davaskvniT, rom TinaTin
bagrations levan IV dadianTan qorwinebis Sedegad hyavda RviZli Svili
_ mariami, romelic SemdgomSi colad gahyva gadadianebuli Ciqvanebis
erT-erT pirvel warmomadgenels _ kacia I-s.
rodis unda momxdariyo kacia I-isa da mariamis qorwineba? aRniSnul
sakiTxTan dakavSirebiT sakuTar mosazrebas mxolod istorikosi beJan
xorava gamoTqvams, romelic am faqts, raime argumentis gareSe, 1680-iani
wlebis miwuruliT aTariRebs (xorava 2001: 17).
Cven ver gaviziarebT beJan xoravas mier SemoTavazebul TariRs.
daviwyoT imiT, rom mariami TinaTin bagrationis asuli iyo. Tavad
167

TinaTin batoniSvili, rogorc ukve vaCveneT zemoT, daibada 1678 wels.
Sesabamisad, igi minimalur saqorwino asaks _ 12-14 wels mxolod 1690-iani
wlebis dasawyisSi Tu miaRwevda. Cveni dakvirvebiT, levan IV dadiani
swored am periodSi daqorwinda TinaTin bagrationze da amave 1690-iani
wlebis dasawyisSi daibada maTi asuli mariamic. Tu Cveni varaudi swo-
ria, maSin cxadi xdeba isic, rom mariami, Tavis mxriv, minimalur saqor-
wino asaks _ imave 12-14 wels, ukidures SemTxvevaSi, mxolod 1700-iani
wlebis pirvel naxevarSi Tu miaRwevda. anu sxvagvarad rom vTqvaT, kacia
I dadianisa da mariamis qorwinebas yvelaze Zunwi gamoTvlebiTac ki,
verasgziT ver eqneboda adgili 1700-iani wlebis pirvel naxevarze ufro
adreul periodSi.
rac Seexeba kacia I-isa da mariamis qorwinebis zeda qronologiur
zRvars. am mxriv, gasaTvaliswinebelia is garemoeba, rom caiSis gulanis
zemoT warmodgenil meore minawerSi saxelebis miTiTebis gareSe
moxseniebulni arian kacia I-isa da mariamis Svilebi _ `Zeebi da asulebi~:
`daiwera da gakeTda wmida ese ... sulTa ganmanaTlebeli gulani
caiSis R(mrT)ismSoblisa, patronobasa Sina dadianis kacias{a}Ta da
Tanamecxedrisa maTisa ... batonis dedoflis mariamis{aTa}, {romlisa}
brZanebiTa gakeTda w(mida)Á ese gulani maTda sadRegrZelod da
wa{r}samarTeb{e}lad da gansaZlierebelad da ZeTa maTTa da asulTa
maTTa aRsazrdelad. R(merTma)n daumtkicos patronobaÁ maTi
sigrZesa S(in)a dReTasa da mravalmca arian Jamni da welni cxorebisa
maTisani, a(me)n~ (qaragmis gaxsna, teqstis gamarTva da punqtuacia Cvenia _
T. j.) (TayaiSvili 1914: 190-191).
vinaidan caiSis gulanis kolofonebi kacia I-is dadianobis Jams anu
1709-1710 wlebSi Cans dawerili (ix.: zemoT), maSin naTeli xdeba isic, rom
1709-1710 wlebisaTvis odiSis mTavarsa da mis Tanamecxedres ukve
ramdenime Svili hyavdaT 126 . aRniSnuli garemoeba ki, kacia I-isa da
126 sxvaTa Soris, kacia I-is Svilebis _ `Zeebisa da asulebis~ Taobaze ratomRac
araferia naTqvami beJan xoravas wignSi _ `dadianTa samTavro saxlis axali dinastia~,
sadac, Tavis mxriv, maqsimaluri sisruliT aris Tavmoyrili mravalferovani
saistorio masala, zogadad, dadianebis axali dinastiis warmomadgenlebisa da
konkretulad, kacia I-is biografiis Sesaxeb (xorava 2001: 32-33).
168

mariamis qorwinebis zeda qronologiur zRvars myarad gansazRvravs 1700-
iani wlebis SuaxanebiT.
yovelive zemoTqmulidan gamomdinare, vfiqrobT, ar SevcdebiT, Tuki
davaskvniT, rom kacia I-isa da mariamis qorwinebas adgili hqonda ara
1680-iani wlebis bolos, aramed 1700-iani wlebis pirvel naxevarSi.
dasasrul, sagangebod unda SevexoT mariamis biografiasTan
dakavSirebul kidev erT saintereso sakiTxs. caiSis gulanis CvenTvis
saintereso meore minaweris avtors mariamis misamarTiT mravali saqebari
sityva aqvs naTqvami:
`daiwera da gakeTda wmida ese ... sulTa ganmanaTlebeli gulani
caiSis R(mrT)ismSoblisa, patronobasa Sina ... pirmSoÁsa, pirmetyvelisa,
R(mrT)ismoyvarisaÁ da qristes morwmunisaÁ, qalwulTa msgavsebul{i}sa
da y(ovel)Ta T(an)a dedaTaÁ SeerTeb{u}lisaÁ da {a}sulisaÁ daviTisaÁ,
orRano{i}saÁ tkbil{i}saÁ, eban{i}saÁ sulier{i}sa da qnar{i}saÁ da
R(mrT)isa morCad aRmocenebul{i}saÁ da yovlisaÁ saRm{r}To-sakacobomdis
sruliad da unaklulod aRzrdil{i}saÁ, didTaÁ didisa, zeST aRmatebu-
lisa, eliasebr sam camde aRwevnulisa, odiSTaÁ, suanTaÁ da afxazeTTa
mflobelisaÁ, batonis dadianis Zed mosaTvlelisaÁ da axlad odiSis
dadianis Zed ganmaaxlebelisaÁ, dadianis asulis, batonis dedoflis
mariamis{aTa}, {romlisa} brZanebiTa gakeTda w(mida)Á ese gulani...~ (qarag-
mis gaxsna, teqstis gamarTva da punqtuacia Cvenia _ T. j.) (TayaiSvili
1914: 190-191).
samarTlianobisaTvis unda aRiniSnos, rom minaweris avtoris mxridan
mariamis Sefaseba cota gazviadebuli Cans, magram amis gaTvalis-
winebiTac ki, es ukanaskneli mainc didad znekeTil, saTno da wignier
adamianad warmogvidgeba. minaweridan gansakuTrebul yuradRebas ipyrobs
is adgili, sadac naTqvamia, rom mariami Cinebulad ganswavluli,
SesaniSnavi saero da sasuliero ganaTlebis mqone _ `yovlisa saRmrTo-
sakacobomdis sruliad da unaklulod aRzrdili~ piri iyo.
safiqrebelia, rom mariamis aRzrda-ganaTlebaSi gansakuTrebul rols,
pirvel yovlisa, misi deda _ TinaTin bagrationi TamaSobda, romlis
ganswavlulobac, rogorc ukve vnaxeT zemoT, mTels dasavleT saqar-
TveloSi iyo cnobili.
169

amrigad, yovelive zemoTqmulidan gamomdinare, CvenTvis saintereso
TinaTin-yofili nino bagrationis zemoT dadgenil biografiaSi
damatebiT Segvaqvs ramdenime axali detali:
_ levan IV dadianisa da TinaTin bagrationis qorwinebas adgili
hqonda ara 1684-1695/1696 wlebs Soris periodSi, rogorc es aRniSnuli
iyo zemoT, aramed daaxloebiT 1690-iani wlebis dasawyisSi, roca
TinaTini sakmaod mcirewlovani _ 12-14 wlisa iyo.
_ TinaTin bagrations levan IV-sTan qorwinebis Sedegad hyavda
erTaderTi RviZli Svili _ mariami, romelic, savaraudod, daibada 1690-
iani wlebis dasawyisSi. mariami, romelsac, dedis xelSewyobiT, Cinebuli
saero da sasuliero ganaTleba hqonda miRebuli, TanamedroveTa Soris
kargad aRzrdil, znekeTil da ganswavlul qalad iTvleboda.
_ 1700-iani wlebis pirvel naxevarSi sakmaod mcirewlovani _ 12-14
wlis mariami colad gahyva odiSis mTavris, pirveli gadadianebuli
Ciqvanis _ giorgi IV-is (1701-1709, 1710-1714 ww.) ufros vaJs kacias,
SemdgomSi, agreTve, odiSis mTavars _ kacia I dadians (1709-1710 ww.). 1709-
1710 wlebisaTvis kacia I-sa da mariams ramdenime qal-vaJi hyavdaT.
_ TinaTin bagrations, garda mariamisa, hyavda geric, levan IV-is
ukanono vaJi, SemdgomSi ruseTSi moRvawe cnobili samxedro moxele,
artileriis general-maiori, dadianebis ruseTis Stos fuZemdebeli _
giorgi dadiani (gard. 1765 w.).
nino bagrationis zemoT warmodgenili biografiidan gansakuTrebul
yuradRebas ipyrobs kidev erTi garemoeba _ 1723 wels, roca ruseTisaken
mimavali vaxtang VI raWaSi dabanakda, Semonazvnebuli batoniSvili
gelaTis monasterSi imyofeboda. es faqti pirdapir aqvs aRniSnuli nino
bagrationis mowafes, imxanad, agreTve, gelaTSi myof, aRwerili
movlenebis uSualo monawilesa da TviTmxilvels gabriel gelovans.
misi TqmiT, vaxtang VI-is raWaSi SeCerebis `ambavi esma ... asulsa mefisa
bagratisasa batonisSvilsa ninos, imereTs, monastersa gelaTisasa~
(enuqiZe ... 1963: 175).
ratom da ra mizniT imyofeboda nino bagrationi 1724 wels gelaTis
monasterSi? vfiqrobT, am kiTxvas erTaderTi sarwmuno pasuxi aqvs _
170

ogorc Cans, Semonazvnebuli batoniSvili 1724 wels gelaTSi sasuliero
moRvaweobas eweoda.
Tu Cveni pasuxi sworia, maSin ismis momdevno kiTxva _ ra droidan
moRvaweobda TinaTin-yofili nino gelaTis monasterSi? samwuxarod,
Sesabamisi masalis uqonlobis gamo, am sakiTxTan dakavSirebiT,
kategoriulad verafers vityviT, Tumca ki gamovTqvamT varauds, rom nino
batoniSvili 1704 wels swored gelaTis monasterSi Semonazvnda da am
droidan moyolebuli, vidre 1724 wlamde aqve, gelaTSi moRvaweobda.
ratom daemkvidra TinaTin-yofili nino maincadamainc gelaTis
monasterSi da ara dasavleT saqarTvelos romelime sxva savaneSi?
vfiqrobT, rom am SemTxvevaSi, nino batoniSvilma kanonierad isargebla
Tavisi sagvareulo privilegiiT da samoRvaweo adgilad swored amis
gaTvaliswinebiT SearCia gelaTi _ imerel bagrationTa saZvale da maTi
upirvelesi sagvareulo monasteri (lominaZe 1955: 21-26, 30-35, 38-53).
davuSvaT, rom Cveni msjeloba sworia da Semonazvnebuli
batoniSvili 1704-1724 wlebSi marTlac gelaTis monasterSi iyo
damkvidrebuli. am SemTxvevaSi, rogor unda avxsnaT is faqti, rom
TinaTin-yofili nino mTeli oci wlis ganmavlobaSi sasuliero
moRvaweobas eweoda gelaTSi, romelic XII saukunidan moyolebuli
mamaTa monasters warmoadgenda (lominaZe 1955: 67-77). Cven aq yuradReba
sagangebod gavamaxvileT gelaTSi moqmed mamaTa monasterze, vinaidan
saeklesio kanonikis, ufro zustad ki, nikeis VII msoflio saeklesio
krebis (787 w.) me-20 kanonis Tanaxmad, enkratisis anu monazoni qalis
yofna sastikad aris akrZaluli mamaTa monasterSi:
`nu iqcevian erTsa monastersa Sina monazonni (igulisxmebian
monazoni kacebi _ T. j.) da enkratisni (igulisxmebian monazoni qalebi _
T. j.), rameTu mruSebaÁ Semovals Soris erTbamad qcevasa. numca aqus
kadnierebaÁ monazonsa enkratisisa mimarT, gina enkratissa monazonisa
mimarT TÂsagani ubnobaÁ. numca daemkÂdrebis monazoni sadedosa
monastersa Sina, nuca Wamn monazonisa Tana enkratisi TÂsagan da odes
saWiroobaÁ cxorebisaÁ samamoÁsa kerZisagan kanonisaebr miiRebdes,
garegniT bWisa miiRebdin dedaTdiakoni sadedoÁsa monastrisaÁ
dedaberisa visme enkratisisa mier. xolo ukueTu daemTxÂos da enebos
171

monazonsa TÂsisa visime xilvaÁ mun yofasa dedaTdiakonisasa, ezraxen mas
mciriTa da mokliTa sityÂTa da meyseulad ganeSoren misgan~
(gabiZaSvili ... 1975: 429) 127 .
amrigad, Tu gansaxilav sakiTxs mivudgebiT mxolod nikeis VII
msoflio saeklesio krebis me-20 kanonis poziciidan, maSin calsaxad
unda davaskvnaT, rom nino batoniSvili drois arcerT monakveTSi ar
moRvaweobda gelaTis monasterSi. magram aris ki amgvari daskvna
marTebuli? vfiqrobT, rom ara. rogorc istoriul realiebze dakvirveba
gviCvenebs, gviani Sua saukuneebis saqarTveloSi nikeis VII msoflio
saeklesio krebis me-20 kanonis moTxovnebi yovelTvis ar iyo daculi.
magaliTisaTvis moviyvanT imave gabriel gelovanis cnobas, sadac
pirdapir aris naTqvami, rom 1724 wels, vaxtang VI-is raWaSi misvlis
ambis gagebisas, TinaTin-yofili nino gelaTis monasterSi imyofeboda:
`ese ambavi esma ... asulsa mefisa bagratisasa batonisSvilsa ninos,
imereTs, monastersa gelaTisasa~. am SemTxvevaSi, arsebiTi mniSvneloba ar
aqvs, ramdeni xani imyofeboda nino batoniSvili gelaTSi _ oci wlis
manZilze (1704-1724 ww.), rogorc Cven vivaraudeT zemoT, Tu SedarebiT
ufro mokle drois ganmavlobaSi. aq mTavari is aris, rom TinaTin-
yofili nino 1724 wels namdvilad imyofeboda gelaTis mamaTa
monasterSi da amiT avtomaturad arRvevda nikeis VII msoflio saeklesio
krebis me-20 kanons.
is faqti, rom nikeis VII msoflio saeklesio krebis me-20 kanoni
gviani Sua saukuneebis saqarTveloSi yovelTvis ar iyo daculi, naTlad
Cans XVIII saukunis TvalsaCino qarTveli mwignobari qalis _ mariam-
yofili makrine bagrationis biografiidanac, romelic, sxvaTa Soris,
gasaocari sizustiT imeorebs TinaTin-yofili ninos cxovrebisa da
moRvaweobis ZiriTad etapebs.
qarTul samecniero literaturaSi damkvidrebuli mosazrebis
Tanaxmad, mariam bagrationi daibada 1697/1698 wlebSi, qarTlisa (1688-1703
127 filologos mixeil qavTarias azriT, mamaTa da dedaTa erT monasterSi moRvaweoba
akrZalulia nikeis VII saeklesio krebis ara me-20, aramed me-18 kanoniT (qavTaria 1977:
211). Cven ver gaviziarebT mkvlevris am mosazrebas, vinaidan mis mier naxsenebi me-18
kanoni Seexeba ara monazon qalebs, aramed saero wesiT mcxovreb dedakacebs
(gabiZaSvili ... 1975: 428).
172

ww.) da kaxeTis (1703-1709 ww.) mefis erekle I nazarali-xanisa da misi
Tanamecxedris ana ColoyaSvilis (gard. 1716 w.) ojaxSi. 1714 wlamde
periodSi, erekle I-is vaJis _ kaxeTis mefe daviT II imam-yuli xanis (1709-
1722 ww.) mmarTvelobis Jams, sul didi, 17 wlis mariami colad SeirTo
kaxeTis samefos saxlTuxucesma ediSer ColoyaSvilma. mariamis qor-
wineba didxans ar gagrZelebula. daaxloebiT 1714-1716 wlebSi ediSer
ColoyaSvili lekebTan brZolaSi daiRupa. 1716 wlisaTvis daqvrivebuli
mariami monazvnad aRikveca da saxelad makrine ewoda. Semonazvnebulma
batoniSvilma kanonierad isargebla sagvareulo privilegiiT da
sakuTari Zmis _ mefe daviT II-is nebarTviT, samoRvaweod daemkvidra ala-
verdSi _ kaxeli bagrationebis saZvalesa da maT upirveles sagvareulo
monasterSi, ufro zustad ki, alaverdis wm. giorgis saepiskoposo taZris
wm. nikolozis ekvderSi 128 . mariam-yofilma makrinem, romelic Tavisi
drois erT-erT saukeTeso mwignobrad iTvleboda, mTeli darCenili
sicocxle alaverdSi gaatara da XVIII saukunis SuaxanebSi, gardacva-
lebis Semdeg aqve daikrZala (kekeliZe 1957: 232-236; qavTaria 1977: 202-212).
rogorc vxedavT, 1716 wlidan vidre XVIII saukunis Suaxanebamde
periodSi anu meoTxed saukuneze meti xnis ganmavlobaSi kaxeTis mefis
Semonazvnebuli asuli _ mariam-yofili makrine sasuliero moRvaweobas
eweoda alaverdis saepiskoposo kaTedris teritoriaze, sadac imav-
droulad moqmedebda mamaTa monasteri da amiT, imereli batoniSvilis
TinaTin-yofili ninos msgavsad, avtomaturad arRvevda nikeis VII msof-
lio saeklesio krebis me-20 kanons.
amrigad, Tu zemoT warmodgenili msjeloba sworia da gviani Sua
saukuneebis saqarTveloSi marTlac irRveoda nikeis VII msoflio
saeklesio krebis me-20 kanonis moTxovnebi, maSin savsebiT sarwmuno xdeba
Cvens mier gamoTqmuli mosazreba, romlis Tanaxmadac gelaTis monas-
terSi Semonazvnebuli nino bagrationi 1704-1724 wlebSi aqve, gelaTSi
moRvaweobda.
128 qarTul samecniero literaturaSi alaverdis monastris arsebobasTan dakavSirebiT,
ori sapirispiro azri arsebobs. mixeil qavTaria miiCnevs, rom `alaverdSi, wm. giorgis
sax. kaTedralTan araviTari monasteri ar arsebobda, arc dedaTa da arc mamaTa~
(qavTaria 1977: 211). misgan gansxvavebuli azri aqvT levan asaTians (asaTiani 1936: 41),
korneli kekeliZes (kekeliZe 1957: 236), levan menabdes (menabde 1962: 344) da sxv. piradad
Cven meore mosazrebas vuWerT mxars.
173

dasasrul, SevniSnavT, rom TinaTin-yofili nino gelaTis monasterSi
yofnisas martooden saeklesio msaxurebiT ar iyo dakavebuli. rogorc
gabriel gelovanis anderZidan irkveva, Semonazvnebul batoniSvils ge-
laTSi sakuTari mowafeebi hyavda da Tu imave gabriel gelovanis magali-
TiT vimsjelebT, Cinebuladac uZRveboda maTi aRzrda-ganaTlebis saqmes.
davubrundeT garejul krebuls da ganvixiloT CvenTvis saintereso
II da III minawerebSi moxseniebuli danarCeni ori istoriuli piris _
febronia da grigol xevariZeebis vinaobasTan dakavSirebuli sakiTxebi.
rogorc aRniSnuli kolofonebidan irkveva, febronia xevariZeTa
gvars ekuTvnoda da iyo da warmomavlobiT dasavleT saqarTvelodan,
ufro zustad ki, guriidan iyo.
febronias gvarisa da sadaurobis garda, kolofonebidan vigebT, rom
maTi daweris droisaTvis igi ukve Semonazvnebuli iyo. febronias
monazonobis faqti, Ven.4-is minawerebis garda, dadasturebuli gvaqvs wm.
giorgi mTawmidelis `cxovrebis~ erT-erT minaweriTac, sadac igi agreTve
monazonad aris moxseniebuli. rac Seexeba febronias asaks, saero sa-
xels, Semonazvnebis TariRsa da sxva biografiul monacemebs, es deta-
lebi, TinaTin-yofili ninosagan gansxvavebiT, CvenTvis cnobili ar aris.
garejuli krebulis II kolofonSi febronia xevariZis gverdiT
moxseniebulia misi biZa _ grigol xevariZe. vinaidan grigolica da
febroniac erTsa da imave gvars _ xevariZes atarebdnen, safiqrebelia,
rom isini erTimeoris biZa-Zmiswuli iyvnen.
calke aRniSvnis Rirsia Tavad gvari _ xevariZe, romelsac verc
CvenTvis cnobil saistorio wyaroebSi da verc Tanamedrove
saqarTveloSi jerjerobiT versad mivakvlieT. anu, sxvagvarad rom
vTqvaT, garejuli krebulis II da III minawerebis saxiT xelT gvaqvs is
orad ori werilobiTi Zegli, sadac dokumenturad aris dadasturebuli
XVIII saukunis I naxevris guriaSi gavrcelebuli da dReisaTvis mTlianad
gamqrali istoriuli gvaris _ xevariZis arsebobis faqti.
Ven.4-is CvenTvis saintereso kolofonebSi moxseniebuli istoriuli
pirebis vinaobasTan dakavSirebuli sakiTxebis garkvevis Semdeg kidev
erTxel unda davubrundeT am minawerebis daTariRebis sakiTxs. rogorc
zemoT vaCveneT, TinaTin batoniSvili ninos saxeliT Semonazvnda 1704
174

wlis 2 aprils. vinaidan garejuli krebulis minawerebSi igi ukve
TinaTin-yofili ninos saxeliT aris moxseniebuli, cxadia, rom es
kolofonebi misi Semonazvnebis anu 1704 wlis Semdeg aris dawerili.
nino bagrationis Semonazvnebis TariRis garda, Cven zemoT vaCveneT isic,
rom 1742 wlisaTvis 64 wlis asakSi myofi Semonazvnebuli batoniSvili
jer kidev cocxali iyo da savaraudod, moskovis midamoebSi cxovrobda.
Tu aqve gaviTvaliswinebT im garemoebas, rom Ven.4-is kolofonebSi nino
bagrationi cocxlad aris moxseniebuli, maSin minawerebis Sesrulebis
zeda qronologiur zRvrad daaxloebiT 1740-iani wlebi unda aviRoT.
amrigad, nino bagrationis biografiul monacemebze dayrdnobiT,
sagrZnoblad vaviwrovebT Cveni kvlevis pirvel etapze dadgenil vrcel
qronologiur monakveTs _ 1700-1813/1814 wlebs da garejuli krebulis
CvenTvis saintereso kolofonebs 1704-1740-iani wlebiT, ufro zogadad ki,
XVIII saukunis I naxevriT vaTariRebT.
ra damokidebuleba arsebobda TinaTin-yofil ninosa da monazon
febronias Soris? samwuxarod, Sesabamisi masalis uqonlobis gamo am
kiTxvaze raime kategoriuli pasuxis gacema, jerjerobiT ar SegviZlia.
miuxedavad amisa, viTvaliswinebT im garemoebas, rom am ori monazoni
qalis saxeli garejuli krebulisa da wm. giorgi mTawmidelis `cxov-
rebis~ savedreblebSi erTimeoris gverdiT aris warmodgenili da gamov-
TqvamT varauds, rom TinaTin-yofili nino da monazoni febronia Tana-
mosagreebi iyvnen. rac Seexeba imas, Tu konkretulad ra forma hqonda
maT Tanamosagreobas _ moZRvroba-mowafeobis Tu ubralod, erT savaneSi
moRvaweobisa, am etapze arc amis Sesaxeb SegviZlia raimes gadaWriT Tqma.
sad da rodis mosagreobdnen erTad nino batoniSvili da febronia
xevariZe? jerjerobiT verc am kiTxvaze gavcemT raime damajerebel pasuxs.
marTlac, nino bagrationsa da monazon febronias erTad moRvaweoba
Tanabari warmatebiT SeeZloT rogorc saqarTveloSi anu 1724 wlamde
periodSi, ise ruseTSi anu 1724 wlis Semdgom qronologiur monakveTSi.
miRebuli daskvnebis Semdeg Semdeg bunebrivad ibadeba momdevno
kiTxva _ konkretulad vis mier aris dawerili Ven.4-is kolofonebi _
nino bagrationis, febronia monazonis Tu grigol xevariZis mier?
175

dasaxelebuli sami piridan amTaviTve unda gamoiricxos grigol
xevariZe. jer erTi, am ukanasknelis saxeli mxolod erT kolofonSi,
isic gakvriT, febronia monazonis savedrebelis bolo nawilSia
moxseniebuli. garda amisa, grigol xevariZe saerTod ar ixsenieba wm.
giorgi mTawmidelis `cxovrebisaTvis~ darTul sam savedrebelSi. arada,
am savedreblebsa da Ven.4-is kolofonebze zedapiruli dakvirvebac ki
naTlad uCvenebs, rom isini erTi da imave piris mier aris dawerili.
minawerebis savaraudo avtorebidan grigol xevariZis garda,
aucileblad unda gamoiricxos nino bagrationic. marTlac, yovlad
warmoudgenelia, rom Semonazvnebul batoniSvils Tavad daewera
kolofonebi da am teqstebSi sakuTari ojaxis wevrebisa da naTesavebis _
imereTis, qarTlisa da odiSis samefo Tu samTavro saxlebis
gvirgvinosani warmomadgenlebis nacvlad, vinme grigol xevariZisaTvis
Sevedreboda ufals.
Tu zemoT warmodgenili msjeloba sworia, maSin irkveva, rom gare-
juli krebulis CvenTvis saintereso kolofonebi guruli monazonis feb-
ronia xevariZis mier wmida miwaze yofnis Jams, ierusalimis erT-erT qar-
Tul monasterSi iyo dawerili. sxvaTa Soris, amgvari daskvnis gaziarebis
SemTxvevaSi, absoluturad gasagebi xdeba, Tu ratom ixsenieba febronia
xevariZis xeliT daweril savedreblebSi ara imereTis, qarTlisa da odi-
Sis samefo Tu samTavro ojaxebis wevrTa saxelebi, aramed maincadamainc
misi biZis _ grigol xevariZis saxeli (Sdr.: jojua 2002g: 114, 141).
aqve usaTuod unda SevexoT kidev erT saintereso sakiTxs _ monazo-
ni febronia marto imyofeboda wmida miwaze Tu mas nino batoniSvilic
axlda Tan? samwuxarod, verc am kiTxvaze gavcemT raime garkveul pasuxs.
arada, qarTuli feodaluri aristokratiis umaRlesi fenis warmomad-
genlis _ qarTlis mefis SviliSvilis, odiSis mTavris colyofilisa da
imereTis mefis Semonazvnebuli asulis ierusalimSi momlocvelobis
faqti sakmaod saintereso Strixi iqneboda saqarTvelosa da wmida miwis
urTierTobebis XVIII saukunis istoriisaTvis.
nino batoniSvilisagan gansxvavebiT, dabejiTebiT SeiZleba iTqvas,
rom wmida miwaze namdvilad imyofeboda guruli monazoni febronia
xevariZe. Cven zemoT gavarkvieT, rom garejuli krebulis kolofonebi
176

dawerilia XVIII saukunis I naxevarSi. Sesabamisad, amave XVIII saukunis I
naxevriT unda ganisazRvros minawerebis avtoris _ febronia monazonis
wmida miwaze yofnis qronologiac.
im faqts, rom febronia xevariZe namdvilad imyofeboda wmida miwaze,
erTgvarad adasturebs qarTveli mecnieris aleqsandre cagarelis mier
1883 wels ierusalimis jvris qarTvelTa monastris wignTsacavSi mikvle-
uli XII-XIII saukuneebis qarTuli xelnaweris _ aTanase aleqsandrielis
`fsalmunTa ganmartebis~ (?) aSiaze Sesrulebuli minaweri, romlis
teqstSic, mkvlevris TqmiT, moxseniebuli yofila guruli monazoni
febronia (cagareli 1888: 189).
febronia xevariZis wmida miwaze yofnis faqts unda adasturebdes
1040 wels gadawerili da imTaviTve ierusalimis jvris monastrisaTvis
Sewiruli qarTuli xelnaweris _ grigol RmrTismetyvelisa da grigol
noselis TxzulebaTa krebulis erTi gviandeli mxedruli minaweric.
Tavad xelnaweri 1820 wlamde ierusalimis jvris minasterSi inaxeboda,
amJamad ki peterburgis aRmosavleTmcodneobis institutis xelnawerTa
ganyofilebaSia daculi (P-3). marTalia, CvenTvis saintereso minaweris
teqsti mis gamomcemels, xelnaweris akademiuri aRwerilobis avtors _
Tamar bregaZes SecdomebiT aqvs amokiTxuli, magram, mainc darwmunebiT
SeiZleba iTqvas, rom kolofonSi namdvilad febronia xevariZea
moxseniebuli:
`RmerTo, Semiwyale monazoni Tebronia zekariZis (!) qali, guruli,
amin~ (bregaZe 1988: 77).
ra mizniT imyofeboda febronia monazoni ierusalimSi _ wmida miwis
mosalocad Tu romelime aqaur savaneSi dasamkvidreblad? rasakvirvelia,
kategoriuli ver viqnebiT, magram safiqrebelia, rom febronia xevariZe
wmida miwaze ierusalimis erT-erT dedaTa monasterSi dasamkvidreblad
iyo Casuli. am mxriv, metad sayuradRebod gveCveneba qarTlis mTavarepis-
koposis timoTe gabaSvilis (1753-1764 ww.) TxzulebaSi _ `mimoslva~ (1757-
1759 ww.) daculi erTi cnoba, sadac asaxulia ierusalimis mirqmis (?)
qarTvel dedaTa monasterSi 1757-1758 wlebisaTvis arsebuli viTareba: `q.
ese monasteri dedaTa qarTvelTaTvis ars, rameTu ars iRumenisa
qarTveli, xaritini saxelad, asuli anCafiSvilisa. ori monazoni kaxni
177

arian, sxva ruiseli, imereli da guruli. iyofebian sulierad da
keTilad wmidasa mas adgilsa~ (timoTe gabaSvili 1956: 0194, 81). vfiqrobT,
ar aris gamoricxuli, rom timoTe gabaSvilis mier naxseneb gurul
moweseSi swored garejuli krebulisa da wm. giorgi mTawmidelis
`cxovrebis~ savedreblebidan cnobili guruli monazoni febronia
xevariZe igulisxmebodes (Sdr.: jojua 2002g: 141).
178

Tavi III. garejul krebulSi (Ven.4) Setanili
Txzulebebi, rogorc saistorio wyaro
$1. dogmatikur-polemikuri traqtati
`wvalebisa winamZRuarTa SeCunebaÁ~ 129
1. Txzulebis zogadi daxasiaTeba.
garejul krebulSi Tavmoyrili Tormeti teqstidan, istoriul-
wyaroTmcodneobiTi TvalsazrisiT, gansakuTrebul yuradRebas ipyrobs
rigiT merve Txzuleba, saxelwodebiT: `wvalebisa winamZRuarTa SeCuene-
baÁ~ (249v-254v). amave Txzulebis dasaxeleba mcired gansxvavebuli saxiT
ikiTxeba garejuli krebulis `zandukSi~, romelic mogvianebiT Cans
Sedgenili: `SeCuÀnebaÁ mwvalebelTaÁ~ (3r).
Txzulebis saTauridan gamomdinare, misi teqsti TiTqos wmindad
dogmatikuri xasiaTisa unda iyos, Tumca es, erTi SexedviT. sinamdvileSi,
TxzulebaSi, rogorc qvemoT davrwmundebiT, dogmatikuri msjelobis
garda, Warbad aris warmodgenili polemikis elementebic, ris gamoc,
traqtati, tipologiurad, ara dogmatikur, aramed _ dogmatikur-pole-
mikur TxzulebaTa jgufs unda mivakuTvnoT.
`wvalebisa winamZRuarTa SeCuenebaÁ~ struqturuli TvalsazrisiT,
or nawilad SeiZleba daiyos. sagulisxmoa, rom Ven.4-is gadamwers niko-
loz nikrais TiToeuli am nawilis dasawyisi sagangebod gauformebia
mdidrulad ornamentirebuli TiTo mTavruli sazedao asoTi. mas jer
singuriT mouxazavs am sazedao asoebis konturebi, xolo Semdeg mqrqali
agurisferi, wiTeli, cisferi da yviTeli saRebavebiT Seuferadebia isini.
traqtatis pirvel nawilSi Tavs iyris eqvsi e. w. `anaTema~, sadac
dawyevlili da SeCvenebulia mwvalebluri swavlebebis _ arianobis,
evnomianelobis, nestorianobis, severianobis, monofizitobisa da maniqeve-
lobis eqvsi yvelaze cnobili warmomadgeneli: aleqsandrieli mRvdeli
129 winamdebare paragrafSi ganxiluli sakiTxebisa da miRebuli daskvnebis ZiriTadi
nawili Sejamebuli gvaqvs 2003 wels gamoqveynebul statiaSi: `XII saukunis garejul
krebulSi (Ven.4-Si) daculi erTi dogmatikur-polemikuri traqtatis Sesaxeb (`wvalebisa
winamZRuarTa SeCuenebaÁ~)~ (jojua 2003b: 54-112).
179

ariozi (III-IV ss.), qiziyieli episkoposi evnomiosi (IV s.), konstantino-
poleli patriarqi nestori (IV-V ss.), antioqieli patriarqi severosi (V-
VI ss.), konstantinopoleli arqimandriti evtiqi (V s.) da maniqeizmis
fuZemdebeli mani (III s.).
`anaTemebi~ mcire zomisaa. TiToeul maTganSi miTiTebulia erTi
romelime eresiarqis saxeli, misi mwvalebluri swavlebis ZiriTadi arsi,
im wmida mamaTa vinaoba an saeklesio krebaTa dasaxeleba, romlebmac
amxiles eretikosi da am ukanasknelis dakrulva-SeCveneba. magaliTi-
saTvis moviyvanT ori `anaTemis~ teqsts:
`cofman nistor, uRmrToman da savseman simyraliTa, enaÁ TÂsi
gesluvani aRlesa gmobad yovladwmidisa da kurTxeulisa qalwulisa
mariam RmrTismSobelisa da didisa kÂriles mier SeiCuena...
evtÂqi, saZageli da mÃdomi eklesiaTaÁ da ucxoÁ RmrTisagan da gan-
dgomili, qalkidonisa krebaman ÃmamaRlad SeaCuena wyeuli da SeCuenebuli,
rameTu Sehrevda bunebaTa qristes RmrTisaTa usjuloebiTa~ (249v-250r).
aRsaniSnavia isic, rom meeqvse `anaTemis~ bolos moyvanilia kidev
erTi mokle wyevla, sadac, zogadad, yvela eresiarqisa da mwvaleblis
saerTo SeCvenebaa warmodgenili: `wyeul iyavn da SeCuenebul mgmobari
piri misi (meeqvse mwvaleblis anu manis _ T. j.) da suli da yovelTa
mwvalebelTa da mimdgomTa misTaÁ misTana, amen iyavn~ (250v).
Txzulebis meore nawilis dasawyisSi moTavsebulia dogmatikuri
xasiaTis msjeloba, mimarTuli macxovris erTbunebianobis mamtkicebelTa
winaaRmdeg. msjelobis dasasruls aRniSnulia, rom uflis orbunebia-
nobas, pirvel yovlisa, Tavad saxarebaSi aRwerili ambebi warmoaCenen:
`TÂT saqmeni aswaveben jerovnad ganmrCevelTa, viTarmed saRmrToni igi
Zalni misni qadageben, rameTu WeSmaritad RmerTi ars da vnebani misni
wameben, viTarmed WeSmaritad kaci ars da Ãorcni misni asulisagan
kacisa arian~ (250v-251r).
am, erTgvar Sesaval teqsts mosdevs saxarebidan gamokrebili iseTi
ocdaToTxmeti ambis CamonaTvali, sadac erTdroulad Cans macxovris ro-
gorc RmrTaebrivi, ise _ kacebrivi buneba. sagulisxmoa isic, rom Txzu-
lebis am nawilSi ukve mkafiod Cndeba antimonofizituri polemikis niSnebi.
teqstSi yoveli saxarebiseuli ambavi ori, Sewyvilebuli kiTxviT aris
180

warmodgenili, romlebic konkretulad am ambavSi asaxul faqtebs emyareba
da, erTi mxriv, uflis RmrTaebrivi, meore mxriv, misi kacebrivi bunebis
warmoCenas isaxavs miznad. magaliTisaTvis moviyvanT erT fragments:
`ukuÀTu ara Ãorc iyo, bagasa Sina vin miiwvineboda? ukuÀTu ara
RmerTi iyo, angelozni visda didebad gardamoÃdes?
ukuÀTu ara Ãorc iyo, saxuveliTa vin Seixueoda? da ukuÀTu ara
RmerTi iyo, mwyemsni vis winaSe Tayuanismcemelobdes?
ukuÀTu ara Ãorc iyo, ioseb vis winadascÂTa? da ukuÀTu ara RmerTi
iyo, varskulavi vissa wina rbioda pativad?
ukuÀTu ara Ãorc iyo, mariam vis sZesa awoebda? da ukuÀTu ara
RmerTi iyo, moguni vissa ZRunis mrTumelobdes?~ (251rv).
Txzulebis es vrceli da, Cveni dakvirvebiT, gamorCeuli silamazis
mqone nawili diofizituri swavlebis sadidebeli teqstiT sruldeba:
`aramed WeSmarit ars, romelsa aRviarebT, viTarmed Ze RmrTisaÁ Ze
kacis iqmna, asulisagan kacisa, ÃorciTa, romel misgan Seimosna da ese
ars qriste, mxolodSobili Ze da sityuaÁ RmrTisaÁ, romlisaÁ ars dide-
baÁ, sufevaÁ da simtkice, aw da ukuniTi ukunisadmde, amen~ (254v).
yovelive zemoTqmulis Semdeg, xazgasmiT unda aRiniSnos is faqti, rom
Ven.4-Si warmodgenili dogmatikur-polemikuri traqtatis teqsti, garejuli
krebulis garda, CvenTvis cnobil arcerT sxva xelnawerSi ar aris Setani-
li. Tu es dakvirveba sworia, maSin cxadi xdeba, rom `wvalebisa winamZRu-
arTa SeCuenebaÁ~ Cvenamde mxolod erTi nusxiT aris moRweuli da es
erTaderTi, Zveli qarTuli sasuliero mwerlobisaTvis esoden mniSvnelo-
vani nusxac, Tavis mxriv, swored garejul krebulSia Semonaxuli 130 .
2. `wvalebisa winamZRuarTa SeCuenebaÁ~, rogorc saistorio wyaro.
Ven.4-Si daculi dogmatikur-polemikuri traqtati CvenTvis, pirvel
rigSi, istoriul-wyaroTmcodneobiTi TvalsazrisiT aris sayuradRebo.
130 madlierebis grZnobiT aRvniSnavT, rom ganxilul sakiTxTan dakavSirebiT, 2003 wels
konsultaciisaTvis mivmarTeT Zveli qarTuli dogmatikuri literaturis mkvlevars,
filologos nana Cikvatias. mkvlevarma TiTqmis mTlianad daadastura Cveni winaswari
varaudi. misi TqmiT, Ven.4-Si warmodgenili dogmatikur-polemikuri traqtati marTlac
ar gvxvdeba sxva qarTul xelnawerebSi da misi teqstic srulebiT ucnobia qarTveli
filologosebisaTvis.
181

mxedvelobaSi gvaqvs garejis samonastro cxovrebasTan dakavSirebuli
qarTul-somxuri konfesiuri urTierTobebis erTi konkretuli problema,
romelic 1985 wels paruir muradianma wamoWra.
mkvlevarma monografiaSi `Армянская Эпиграфика Грузии” Tavi mouyara
garejis qvabovan savaneebSi gamovlenil XIII-XIX saukuneebis somxur
epigrafikul Zeglebs da maTze dayrdnobiT gamoTqva mosazreba, rom
garejSi mosalocad misul somex piligrimebs Tan axldnen monofiziti
mRvdlebi, romlebic garejis eklesia-monastrebSi sakuTari mrevlisaTvis
liturgias aRasrulebdnen, adgilobrivi qalkedoniti moweseebi ki, Tavis
mxriv, araviTar yuradRebas ar aqcevdnen somex piligrimTa konfesiur
kuTvnilebas da garkveuli gadasaxadis safasurad, maspinZlobasac ki
uwevdnen maT (muradiani 1985: 192).
paruir muradianis mosazrebaTa erTi nawili uTuod misaRebia
CvenTvis: momlocvelsa Tu ubralod, mgzavrs, romeli swavlebis
mimdevaric ar unda yofiliyo igi, nebismieri monasteri, kacTmoyvareobis
principidan gamomdinare, miiRebda da umaspinZlebda kidec. cxadia, ase
iqneboda garejSic. marTlac, specialistebisaTvis kargad aris cnobili
1274 wlis erTi somxuri nakawri warwera garejis udabnos monastridan,
romelic gvauwyebs, rom garejel mamebs vinme dmaneli monofiziti
piligrimi mSvidobiT ustumrebiaT. amisaTvis, warweris avtori madlobas
swiravs mravalmTis qalkedonit moweseebs, Tumca ki, iqve aRniSnavs, rom
misi keTili garejeli maspinZlebi sarwmunoebiT mainc `arasrulni~ iy-
vnen: `arasruli sarwmunoebiT da keTili saxeliT RvTivcxebulni wmidani
mRvdelni garejisani welsa 723 (=1274 w.), mona... dmanelma mivaRwieT
saxlsa amas~ (meliqseT-begi 1940: 170; Sdr.: muradiani 1985: 188-189).
srulebiT sxva sakiTxia somexi monofiziti mRvdlebis mier garejis
diofizituri samonastro Zmobis kuTvnil eklesia-samlocveloebSi
liturgiuli RmrTismsaxurebis Sesrulebis faqti, rac Sua saukuneebis
saeklesio tradiciis uxeS darRvevas warmoadgenda: marTlmadidebluri
kanonika monofizitur doqtrinas eretikul swavlebad miiCnevda da
qalkedonit morwmuneebs monofizit mwvaleblebTan yovelgvar litur-
giul kavSirs ukrZalavda (gabiZaSvili ... 1975: 168-169, 173, 190, 198, 384-385,
392, 402-404 da sxv.; giunaSvili 1972: 18, 22-23, 33-34, 46-49, 63-68, 74-77 da sxv.).
182

swored am, nebismieri erovnebis diofizitisaTvis savaldebulo,
kanonikuri normebiT iyo reglamentirebuli saqarTvelos istoriidan
cnobili uamravi faqti, romelTa Soris, gansakuTrebiT metyvelia XIII
saukunis dasawyisSi mefe Tamaris (1184-1207/10 ww.) karze momxdari erTi
incidenti, rodesac saqarTvelos eklesiis saWeTmpyrobelma, qarTlis
kaTolikosma ioane VIII-m (1205/6-1210 ww.) arasgziT ar aziara qveynis erT-
erTi umaRlesi saxelmwifo moxele, monofiziti amirspasalari zaqaria
mxargrZeli: `nefsiT aravin marTlmadidebelTagani ikadrebs mRdelmoq-
medebasa sefiskuers Tquen, SÂdgzis wyeulTa somexTa~ (istoriani da
azmani SaravandedTani 1959: 82).
Cveni dakvirvebiT, monofizitobisadmi kaTolikos ioane VIII-sagan
gansxvavebuli damokidebuleba arc garejel moweseebs unda hqonodaT. am
mxriv, yovelgvar eWvs gamoricxavs 1160 wels garejSi gadawerili krebu-
li (Ven.4) da masSi Setanili dogmatikur-polemikuri traqtati `wvalebi-
sa winamZRuarTa SeCuenebaÁ~, sadac, sxva eresiarqebis gverdiT, dawyevli-
li da SeCvenebuli arian monofizitur swavlebaTa fuZemdeblebic – kon-
stantinopoleli arqimandriti evtiqe da antioqieli patriarqi severosi.
garda amisa, gasaTvaliswinebelia is faqtic, rom Ven.4 arasaRmrTis-
msaxuro tipis xelnawers warmoadgenda da ZiriTadad samonastro sena-
kebsa Tu samartomyofeloebSi moRvawe bermonazvnebisaTvis sakiTxavad
iyo gankuTvnili (ix. zemoT). es garemoeba ki, Tavis mxriv, uflebas
gvaZlevs, vamtkicoT, rom Ven.4-Si warmodgenili dogmatikur-polemikuri
traqtatiTa da sxva msgavsi saeklesio sakiTxavebiT aRzrdil garejel
moweseebs, ise, rogorc nebismier sxva diofizit qristianebs, monofizi-
toba sulis momakvdinebel swavlebad _ eresad miaCndaT da warmoud-
genelia, monofiziti mRvdlebisTvis liturgiis Sesasruleblad raime
motiviT daeTmoT garejis mravalmTis eklesia-samlocveloebi.
3. Txzulebis teqnikuri aRweriloba da misi teqsti.
Ven.4-Si warmodgenili dogmatikuri-polemikuri traqtati, ise
rogorc mTeli garejuli krebuli, dawerilia nikoloz nikrais xeliT,
or svetad, nusxuriT. teqstSi alag-alag CarTulia mTavruliT Sesru-
lebuli sazedao asoebi, romelTa daxasiaTebac motanili gveqneba qve-
183

moT, traqtatis teqstisaTvis darTul SeniSvnebSi. nusxuri grafemebis
zomebia: 0,5X0,5 sm.; 0,5X0,3 sm.; 0,5X0,6 sm.; 0,7X0,5 sm. da a. S.
Txzuleba, ZiriTadad, dawerilia yavisferi melniT. Tumca, misi
calkeuli adgilebi, teqstis danarCeni nawilisagan gamoyofis mizniT,
Sesrulebulia singuriT. kerZod, singuriT aris naweri traqtatis saTau-
ri da teqstSi gamoyenebuli punqtuaciis niSnebis calkeuli detalebi.
Txzulebis dasawyisSi, 249v-s marcxena svetis zeda nawilSi gamoyva-
nilia ulamazesi TavsarTi, romelic, Ven.4-is sxva TavsarTebTan erTad,
Sua saukuneebis qarTuli xelnaweri wignis dekoratiuli gaformebis
erT-erT TvalsaCino nimuSad gvevlineba. TavsarTi warmoadgens marTkuT-
xeds, romlis Sida arec mTlianad feradovan mcenareul ornaments
uWiravs. mcenareuli motivebiT aris Semkuli marTkuTxedis marcxena,
marjvena da zeda kideebic. marTkuTxedis zeda kidis Sua wertilidan
amozrdilia, savaraudod, ayvavilebuli jvari, romlis zeda nawilic
mogviano xanis sarestavracio qaRaldis qveS aris moqceuli.
dReisaTvis TxzulebaSi ramdenime adgilas gadasulia melani, alag-
alag ki qaRaldis furclebi Wiis mieraa daxruli, ris gamoc mTlianad
an nawilobriv aris dakarguli calkeuli grafemebi da mTeli sityvebic
ki. am da sxva dazianebaTa gamo dakarguli adgilebi aRdgenili gvaqvs
grafemaTa SemorCenili fragmentebisa da Txzulebis Sesabamisi kon-
teqstis gaTvaliswinebiT.
Cven zemoT, Ven.4-is kodikologiaze saubrisas aRvniSneT, rom 1570
wels garejuli krebuli safuZvlianad ganaaxla urbnelma episkoposma
vlase sahakasZem. xelnaweris aRdgena-gacxovelebis Sedegad, Ven.4-Si
warmodgenili zogierTi teqstisa da, maT Soris, CvenTvis saintereso
dogmatikur-polemikuri traqtatis calkeuli fragmentebi xelnaweris
aSiebze dawebebuli sarestavracio qaRaldis qveS aRmoCnda. aRniSnuli
garemoeba, cxadia, gaiTvaliswina vlase urbnelma da daklebuli sityvebi
Tu grafemebi sakuTari xeliT, Savi feris melniT aRadgina sarestav-
racio qaRaldis yvela Sesabamis adgilas.
venis nacionalur biblioTekaSi muSaobis dros Cven gadavwyviteT,
erTimeorisaTvis Segvedarebina sarestavracio qaRaldis qveS moqceuli
anu Tavdapirvelad dawerili da sarestavracio qaRaldze Sesrulebuli
184

anu mogvianebiT aRdgenili teqstebi. am mizniT, Sesadareblad SevarCieT
`wvalebisa winamZRuarTa SeCuenebaÁ~ da misi ramdenime restavrirebuli
furceli detalurad davaTvaliereT sinaTlis gamWol Suqze. Sedarebam
TvalnaTliv aCvena, rom vlase urbnelis mier ganaxlebuli fragmentebi
mTlad zustad ar misdevda da ar imeorebda nikoloz nikrais mier
daweril teqstebs.
samwuxarod, drois ukmarisobis gamo Cven ver SevZeliT, saTiTaod
amogvekiTxa sarestavracio qaRaldis qveS moqceuli fragmentebi.
amitomac winamdebare naSromSi ubralod erTmaneTisagan gavmijneT
traqtatis teqstSi gamovlenili ori sxvadasxva qronologiur Sre da
vlase urbnelis mier aRdgenili fragmentebi, nikoloz nikrais mier
dawerili teqstisagan gamosayofad, damuqebis gareSe da Tanac, marjvniv
gadaxrili saxiT warmovadgineT.
calke saubris Temaa nikoloz nikrais mier traqtatis teqstSi
gamoyenebuli punqtuaciiis niSnebi. rogorc am niSnebze dakvirveba
aCvenebs, teqstSi isini garkveuli wesis dacviT aris gamoyenebuli. sul
traqtatSi gamoiyofa ormocamde saxis sxvadasxva punqtuaciis niSani,
romlebic rva ZiriTad jgufad iyofa da iSviaTi gamonaklisebis garda,
erTmaneTisagan gansxvavebuli mniSvneloba aqvT. es jgufebia:
I. amJamindeli mZimis mniSvnelobiT naxmari punqtuaciis niSnebi.
a) mZime, Sesrulebuli yavisferi melniT.
b) mZime, Sesrulebuli singuriT.
g) mZime da mis zemoT gamoyvanili kidev erTi, zeviT abrunebuli mZime.
orive mZime _ yavisferi melniT.
d) mZime da mis zemoT gamoyvanili kidev erTi, zeviT abrunebuli mZime.
qveda mZime _ yavisferi melniT, zeda mZime _ singuriT.
e) mZime da mis zemoT gamoyvanili kidev erTi, zeviT abrunebuli mZime.
orive mZime _ singuriT.
v) mZime, mis zemoT gamoyvanili kidev erTi, zeviT abrunebuli mZime da
maTgan marjvniv Sesrulebuli mesame, agreTve, zeviT abrunebuli mZime.
pirveli da mesame mZimeebi _ yavisferi melniT, meore mZime _ singuriT.
185

z) mZime, mis zemoT gamoyvanili kidev erTi, zeviT abrunebuli mZime da
maTgan marjvniv Sesrulebuli mesame mZime. pirveli da meore mZimeebi _
yavisferi melniT, mesame mZime _ singuriT.
T) wertilmZime, Sesrulebuli yavisferi melniT.
i) wertilmZime da mis zemoT gamoyvanili kidev erTi, zeviT abrunebuli
mZime. wertilmZime _ yavisferi melniT, zeda mZime _ singuriT.
k) wertilmZime da mis zemoT gamoyvanili kidev erTi, zeviT abrunebuli
mZime. wertilmZimis wertili _ yavisferi melniT, wertilmZimis mZime da
zeda mZime _ singuriT.
II. amJamindeli wertilis mniSvnelobiT naxmari punqtuaciis niSnebi.
a) mZime, Sesrulebuli singuriT.
b) orwertili da xazi. orive niSani _ yavisferi melniT.
g) orwertili da mZime. orive niSani _ yavisferi melniT.
d) orwertili, mZime da mis zemoT gamoyvanili kidev erTi, zeviT
abrunebuli mZime. yvela niSani _ yavisferi melniT.
e) orwertili, mZime da mis zemoT gamoyvanili kidev erTi, zeviT
abrunebuli mZime. orwertili da qveda mZime _ yavisferi melniT, zeda
mZime _siguriT.
v) wertilmZime, Sesrulebuli yavisferi melniT.
z) wertilmZime da mis zemoT gamoyvanili, zeviT abrunebuli mZime.
wertilmZime _ yavisferi melniT, zeda mZime _ singuriT.
niSnebi.
III. amJamindeli Zaxilis niSnis mniSvnelobiT naxmari punqtuaciis
a) orwertili, mZime da am ukanasknelis zemoT gamoyvanili kidev erTi,
zeviT abrunebuli mZime. orwertili da qveda mZime _ yavisferi melniT,
zeda mZime _ singuriT.
b) wertilmZime, romlis wertilsac Semovlebuli aqvs rkali, mZime da am
ukanasknelis zemoT gamoyvanili kidev erTi, zeviT abrunebuli mZime.
wertilmZime da qveda mZime _ yavisferi melniT, wertilmZimis
wertilisaTvis Semovlebuli rkali da zeda mZime _ singuriT.
niSnebi.
IV. amJamindeli kiTxvis niSnis mniSvnelobiT naxmari punqtaciis
186

a) orwertili, romlis zeda wertilsac Semovlebuli aqvs rkali da
mZime. orwertili _ yavisferi melniT, zeda wertilisaTvis Semovlebuli
rkali _ singuriT.
b) orwertili, romlis zeda wertilsac Semovlebuli aqvs rkali, mZime
da am ukanasknelis zemoT gamoyvanili kidev erTi, zeviT abrunebuli
mZime. orwertili da qveda mZime _ yavisferi melniT, orwertilis zeda
wertilisaTvis Semovlebuli rkali da zeda mZime _ singuriT.
g) orwertili, mZime da mis zemoT gamoyvanili kidev erTi, zeviT
abrunebuli mZime. orwertili da qveda mZime _ yavisferi melniT, zeda
mZime _ singuriT.
d) mZime, orwertili, romlis zeda wertilsac Semovlebuli aqvs rkali
da mZime. mZime, orwertili da meore mZime _ yavisferi melniT, orwer-
tilis zeda wertilisaTvis Semovlebuli rkali _ singuriT.
e) mZime, mis zemoT gamoyvanili kidev erTi, zeviT abrunebuli mZime,
orwertili, romlis zeda wertilsac Semovlebuli aqvs rkali da kidev
erTi mZime. qveda mZime, orwertili da mesame mZime _ yavisferi melniT, zeda
mZime da orwertilis zeda wertilisaTvis Semovlebuli rkali _ singuriT.
v) wertili, kidev erTi wertili, orwertili, orwertilis qveda
wertilis marjvniv dasmuli wertili, mZime da patara horizontaluri
xazi. pirveli wertili, orwertilis qveda wertili, mZime da patara
horizontaluri xazi _ yavisferi melniT, meore wertili, orwertilis
zeda wertili, orwertilis qveda wertilis marjvniv dasmuli wertili
da mZime _ singuriT.
V. amJamindeli orwertilis mniSvnelobiT naxmari punqtuaciis niSnebi:
a) mZime, Sesrulebuli yavisferi melniT.
b) mZime da mis zemoT gamoyvanili kidev erTi, zeviT abrunebuli mZime.
qveda mZime _ yavisferi melniT, zeda mZime _ singuriT.
VI. specialuri niSani, romlis daxmarebiTac aRiniSneba traqtatSi
warmodgenili ornawiliani kiTxvebis TiToeuli nawilis dasawyisi.
a) sityvis pirveli ramdenime grafemis qvemoT singuriT gavlebuli
orkbiliani an samkbiliani ganivi xazi.
VII. specialuri niSnebi, romlis daxmarebiTac aRiniSneba iseTi
adgilebi, sadac SeiZleba, an daisvas, an ar daisvas mZime.
187

a) mZime, Sesrulebuli yavisferi melniT.
b) ori mZime. orive _ yavisferi melniT.
g) mZime da mis zemoT gamoyvanili kidev erTi, zeviT abrunebuli mZime.
orive mZime _ yavisferi melniT.
d) wertilmZime, Sesrulebuli yavisferi melniT.
e) wertilmZime, romlis zeda wertilsac Semovlebuli aqvs rkali.
wertilmZime _ yavisferi melniT, wertilmZimis wertilisaTvis Semovle-
buli rkali _ singuriT.
v) wertilmZime da mis zemoT gamoyvanili, zeviT abrunebuli mZime.
wertilmZime _ yavisferi melniT, zeda mZime _ singuriT.
VIII. specialuri niSnebi, romlis daxmarebiTac teqstidan gamoiyofa
gansakuTrebiT mniSvnelovani (?) sityvebi (mag.: `Ze RmrTisaÁ~,
`mxolodSobili Ze~, `sityuaÁ RmrTisaÁ ~ da a. S.).
a) sityvis zemoT dasmuli zeviT abrunebuli mZime, Sesrulebuli yavis-
feri melniT.
b) sityvis zemoT dasmuli ori zeviT abrunebuli mZime. pirveli mZime _
yavisferi melniT, meore mZime _ singuriT.
g) sityvis qvemoT dasmuli mZime, Sesrulebuli singuriT.
dasasrul, mogvyavs traqtatis teqsti, romelic aqamde
gamoqveynebuli iyo mxolod erTxel, 2002 wels, Cvens mier, saqarTvelos
mecnierebaTa akademiis istoriisa da eTnologiis institutis mier
gamocemuli krebulis _ `istoriul-eTnografiuli Studiebi~ VII tomSi
(jojua 2003b: 65-99).
wvalebisa 131 winam|ZRuarTa SeCu|eneb(a)Á |
arioz 132 , ucxo qmnuli | R(mrT)isag(a)n, mwvale|belTa winamZRu|ari,
sityuam(a)n mx|olod Sobilm(a)n, | r(om)l(i)sa igi daknine|bad borgda
131 sityvis pirveli grafema _ w didi zomis (3,3 X 14,8 sm.), mdidrulad ornamentirebul,
mTavrul sazedao asos warmoadgens. misi konturebi teqstSi CarTuli ramdenime sxva
sazedao asos msgavsad, jer singuriT mouxazavT, Semdeg ki _ mqrqali agurisferi,
wiTeli da cisferi saRebavebiT SeuferadebiaT. grafema Sesrulebulia 249v-s marcxena
aSiaze, Txzulebis dasawyisSi gamoyvanili TavsarTisa da teqstis marcxena svetis
pirveli eqvsi striqonis gaswvriv. amave sityvis momdevno rva grafema – valebisa, ise,
rogorc traqtatis mTeli teqsti, nusxuriT aris naweri.
132 sityvis pirveli grafema – a mTavrul sazedao asos warmoadgens. igi didi zomisaa
(2,7 X 4,1 sm.) da singuriT aris naweri. Sesrulebulia 249v-s marcxena aSiaze, wina
188

o|roti, g(a)nkueTa | da SeaCuena da | s(u)li misi bilwi || c(e)cxliTa
dasaja. |
evnomios 133 mgmo|bari, v(iTarc)a ziari [mi]|si da borotad | mwva-
lebeli 134 , | didm(a)n g(ri)g(o)li, Tav|m(a)n R(mrT)ismetyuele|bisam(a)n da
d(ide)b(u)lm(a)n 135 | didm(a)n basili Sea|Cuenes usjul|oÁ da dawyeuli, |
samgzis sanatre|lTa.
cofm(a)n 136 | nistor, uR(mr)To|m(a)n da savsem(a)n si|myraliTa, enaÁ |
TÂsi gesluvani 249v||250r aRlesa gmobad | y(ovla)dw(mid)isa da k(urT)x(eu)-
lisa | q(al)w(u)lisa m(a)r(ia)m R(mr)Tis|mSobelisa da di|disa kÂriles
m(ie)r Se|iCuena.
seve|ros 137 dawyeuli, | mgmobari da saZageli da mteri ek|lesiaTaÁ,
r(ome)li | igi Sehrevda b(u)n(e)ba|Ta q(rist)esTa, fla|biane R(mer)TSe-
mosi|lm(a)n SeaCuena, | g(a)nkueTa da daw|yeva igi. wyeul | iyavn da
SeCuene||bul.
evtÂqi 138 , | saZageli 139 da mÃdomi | eklesiaTaÁ da u|cxoÁ R(mrT)is(a)-
g(a)n da g(a)ndg|omili, qalkidonisa | krebam(a)n ÃmamaRla|d SeaCuena wyeu-
SeniSvnaSi daxasiaTebul sazedao asos – w da teqstis marcxena svetis IV-V striqonebs
Soris. amave sityvis momdevno sami nusxuri grafema – rio svetidan marcxniv
aris gasuli da mTlianad mTavruli sazedao asos – a marjvniv gaxsnil qveda
rkalSia moqceuli.
133 sityvis pirveli grafema – e mTavrul sazedao asos warmoadgens. igi saSualo
zomisaa (2,2 X 2,0 sm.) da singuriT aris naweri. Sesrulebulia 249v-s marjvena svetis
marcxniv, II-III striqonebis gaswvriv.
134 sityvis bolo cxra grafemis _ vlebeli adgilas Tavdapirvelad raRac sxva teqsti
unda yofiliyo Sesrulebuli, romelic Ven.4-is gadamwers, nikoloz nikrais Tavadve
amoufxekavs da mis nacvlad, sakuTari xeliT gamouyvania zemoxsenebuli cxra grafema.
135 sityvis Tanmxleb qaragmis niSansa da bolo or grafemaze – m(a)n, savaraudod,
damdnari sanTlis wveTebi unda iyos daRvenTili.
136 sityvis pirveli grafema – c mTavrul sazedao asos warmoadgens. igi saSualo
zomisaa (2,9 X 1,6 sm.) da singuriT aris naweri. Sesrulebulia teqstSive, 249v-s
marjvena svetis XIII striqonSi. aRsaniSnavia isic, rom amave striqonis pirveli sami
grafemis – lTa Semdeg dasmuli meore mZime sazedao asos – c qveda rkalSia
moqceuli.
137 sityvis pirveli grafema – s mTavruli sazedao asos warmoadgens. igi saSualo
zomisaa (1,4 X 1,3 sm.) da singuriT aris naweri. Sesrulebulia teqstSive, 250r-s
marjvena svetis VI striqonSi.
138 sityvis pirveli grafema – e mTavrul sazedao asos warmoadgens. igi saSualo
zomisaa (1,6 X 1,0 sm.) da singuriT aris naweri. Sesrulebulia teqstSive, 250r-s
marjvena svetis I striqonSi.
139 sityvis meeqvse grafema – e Camatebulia mogvianebiT, nikoloz nikraisave xeliT.
Sesrulebulia striqonis zeda xazSi. axlavs ramdenime wertili, romlebic
miuTiTeben im adgilze, sadac nagulisxmevi iyo grafemis aRdgena. aRsaniSnavia isic,
rom Camatebuli grafema ufro mcire zomisaa da Tanac, ZiriTadi teqstisagan
189

li | da SeCuenebuli, r(ameTu) | Sehrevda b(u)n(e)b(a)Ta q(riste)s | R(mrT)i-
saTa usjuloe|biTa.
da 140 menentos | dawyeuli, WurWe|li ukeTurisaÁ, | q(riste)s, mÃsne-
lisa C(ue)nisa, | W(eSmari)tsa m(a)s g(a)ng(e)bulebasa | s(a)R(mr)Tosa, saoc-
rad | hgmobda bilwi igi 250r||250v da porfiri 141 di|disa m(ie)r SeiCuena. |
wyeul iyavn da | SeCuenebul mg|mobari piri misi | da s(u)li da y(ovel)Ta
mw|valebelTa da mi|mdgomTa misT(a)Á mis|Tana, a(me)n iy(a)vn. |
r(ome)li 142 g(a)nhyofdes gu|amTa misTa, g(a)ni|kueTos igi su|fe-
visag(a)n 143 misisa da | r(ome)li Sehrevdes | bunebaTa misTa, | warwymedil
ars | cx(o)r(e)b(a)Á misi. r(ome)li || uvarhyofdes, | v(iTarme)d ara W(eSma-
rita)d R(merT)i Sva | m(a)r(ia)m, numca uxil|avs d(ide)b(a)Á R(mr)Teebi|sa
misisaÁ da | r(ome)li uvarhyof|des, v(iTarme)d ara W(eSmarita)d Se|imosna
Ã(o)rcni, da|k{ue}Tebul ars igi | cx(o)r(e)bisag(a)n da m(a)cxu|varebisa
Ã(o)rc|Ta m(ie)r misTa mocemulisa.
TÂT 144 | saqmeni aswave|ben jerovnad | g(a)nmrCevelTa, v(iTarme)d |
s(a)R(mr)Toni igi Zalni 250v||251r misni qadageben, | r(ameTu) W(eSmarita)|d
gansxvavebuli, wvrilwveriani kalmiT aris naweri. rac Seexeba Camatebuli grafemis
melnis fers, is ZiriTadi teqstis identuria.
140 sityvis orive grafema mTavrul sazedao asoebs warmoadgens. pirveli grafema – d
saSualo zomisaa (1,1 X 1,3 sm.) da singuriT aris naweri. Sesrulebulia teqstSive, 250rs
marjvena svetis XI striqonSi. meore grafema – a SedarebiT mcire zomisaa (0,5 X 0,5
sm.) da pirvelisagan gansxvavebiT, ZiriTadi teqstis yavisferi melniT aris
gamoyvanili. aRsaniSnavia isic, rom es ukanaskneli SewiaRebulia pirveli mTavruli
grafemis – d qveda rkalSi.
141 sityvis win Tavdapirvelad erTi (?) ucnobi grafema unda yofiliyo gamoyvanili,
romelic, furclis momcro, oTxkuTxa fragmentTan erTad, Tavad nikoloz nikrais
mier, raRac basri iaraRiT Cans amokveTili. amasTan, aRsaniSnavia isic, rom kaligrafs
es sakmaod rTuli teqnikuri operacia metad faqizad Seusrulebia da 250v-ze
qaRaldis zedapiri ise Txel fenad amoukveTavs, rom 250r-s Sesabamisi adgili,
praqtikulad, dauzianebeli darCenila.
142 sityvis pirveli grafema – r mdidrulad ornamentirebul, mTavruli sazedao asos
warmoadgens. igi didi zomisaa (6,4 X 14,9 sm.). misi konturebi jer singuriT mouxazavT,
xolo Semdeg ki wiTeli da yviTeli saRebavebiT SeuferadebiaT. grafema
Sesrulebulia 250v-s marcxena aSiaze, marcxena svetis VI-XVII striqonebis gaswvriv.
143 sityvis bolo ori grafema – g(a)n Camatebulia mogvianebiT, nikoloz nikraisave
xeliT. Sesrulebulia striqonis zeda xazSi. axlavs ramdenime wertili, romlebic
miuTiTeben im adgilze, sadac nagulisxmevi iyo grafemis aRdgena. aRsaniSnavia isic,
rom Camatebuli grafemebi ufro mcire zomisaa da gakruli xeliT, Tanac, ZiriTadi
teqstisagan gansxvavebuli, wvrilwveriani kalmiT aris naweri. rac Seexeba Camatebuli
grafemebis melnis fers, is ZiriTadi teqstis identuria.
144 sityvis pirveli grafema – T mTavrul sazedao asos warmoadgens. igi saSualo
zomisaa (1,4 X 1,6 sm.) da singuriT aris naweri. Sesrulebulia teqstSive, 250v-s
marjvena svetis XIII striqonSi.
190

R(merT)i ars | da vnebani misni wa|meben, v(iTarme)d W(eSmarita)d k(a)c{i}
ars | da Ã(o)rcni misni asu|lis(a)g(a)n k(a)cisa arian. |
da ukuÀTu ara | s(rulia)d SeierTa k(a)cebaÁ | R(mr)Teebam(a)n,
uZlu|rTa g(o)n(e)b(i)Ta mieÃ|ados s(a)sj(e)li saxi|erebis(a)g(a)n m(a)misa
C(ue)ni|sa i(es)Â q(rist)esisa. |
oÂkuÀTu 145 ara Ã|orci iyo, raÁsa|TÂs m(a)r(ia)m S(ori)s Semoy|vanebul
iqmna? || da uk(uÀ)Tu ara R(merT)i iyo, | g(a)b(rie)l vis xadoda: `u|fal~?
uk(uÀ)Tu ara | Ã(o)rc iyo, bagasa S(in)a | vin miiwvineboda? | uk(uÀ)Tu
ara R(merT)i iyo, | ang(e)l(o)zni visda d(ide)b(a)d | gardamoÃdes? |
uk(uÀ)Tu ara Ão|rc 146 iyo, saxuvel|iTa vin Seixueoda? | da uk(uÀ)Tu
ara R(merT)i iyo, | mwyemsni vis w(inaS)e Tay|uanismcemelobdes? |
uk(uÀ)Tu ara Ã(o)rc iyo, | ioseb vis winadascÂ|Ta? da uk(uÀ)Tu [ara]
251r||251v R(merT)i iyo, varsku|lavi 147 vissa wina | rbioda pativad 148 ? |
uk(uÀ)Tu ara Ã(o)rc | iyo, m(a)r(ia)m vis sZe|sa 149 awoebda? | da
uk(uÀ)Tu ara R(merT)i | iyo, moguni vissa | ZRunis mrTume|lobdes?
uk(uÀ)Tu | ara Ã(o)rc iyo, sÂmi|on wiaRTa TÂs|Ta vis iturTvida? | da
uk(uÀ)Tu ara R(merT)i | iyo, vissa m(ima)rT | ityoda: `g(a)nmiteve | me
mSÂdobiT~?
145 sityvis dasawyisi 1570 wlis sarestavracio qaRaldis qveS aris moqceuli. am
adgilas, imave 1570 wels, kaligraf-restavrator vlase urbnels Savi feris melniT
xuTi nusxuri grafema – oÂkuÀ aqvs aRdgenili. amaTgan, pirveli ori – mTavrul
sazedao asoebs warmoadgens: o saSualo zomisaa (3,0 X 2,7sm.) da 251r-s marcxena aSiaze,
marcxena svetis XIII-XV striqonebis gaswvriv aris Sesrulebuli; meore grafema _ Â
ufro mcire zomisaa (0,8 X 1,5 sm.) da pirveli mTavruli garfemis _ o qveda rkalSia
SewiaRebuli. momdevno sami grafema _ kuÀ nusxuriT aris gadmocemuli.
146 sityvis win Tavdapirvelad ori (?) ucnobi grafema unda yofiliyo gamoyvanili,
romlebic, furclis momcro, oTxkuTxa fragmentTan erTad, Tavad nikoloz nikrais
mier, raRac basri iaraRiT Cans amokveTili. amasTan aRsaniSnavia isic, rom kaligrafs
es sakmaod rTuli teqnikuri operacia metad faqizad Seusrulebia da 251r-ze
qaRaldis zedapiri ise Txel fenad amoukveTavs, rom 251v-s Sesabamisi adgili,
praqtikulad, dauzianebeli darCenila.
147 sityvis bolo grafema – i mogvianebiT, nikoloz nikraisave xeliT aris Camatebuli.
Sesrulebulia striqonis zeda xazSi. axlavs ramdenime wertili, romlebic
miuTiTeben im adgilze, sadac nagulisxmevi iyo grafemis aRdgena.
148 sityvis pirveli grafema – p mogvianebiT, nikoloz nikraisave xeliT aris
Camatebuli. Sesrulebulia striqonis Sua xazSi, wina sityvis – rbioda Semdeg
gamoyvanil or mZimes Soris.
149 sityvis win Tavdapirvelad ori (?) ucnobi grafema unda yofiliyo gamoyvanili,
romlebic, furclis momcro, oTkuTxa fragmentTan erTad, Tavad nikoloz nikrais
mier, raRac basri iaraRiT Cans amokveTili. amasTan, aRsaniSnavia isic, rom kaligrafs
es sakmaod rTuli teqnikuri operacia metad faqizad Seusrulebia da 251v-ze
qaRaldis zedapiri ise Txel fenad amoukveTavs, rom 251r-s Sesabamisi adgili,
praqtikulad, dauzianebeli darCenila.
191

uk||uÀTu ara Ã(o)rc | iyo, ioseb vin wa|riyvana da ivlt|oda egÂbted?
da | uk(uÀ)Tu ara R(merT)i iy|o, vis z(ed)a aResr|ulos: `egÂbtiT | uwodo
Zesa Ce|msa~?
uk(uÀ)Tu ar|a Ã(o)rc iyo, i(ova)ne | vis 150 naTelsca? da uk(uÀ)Tu ara |
R(merT)i iyo, m(a)m(a)Á z(e)ciT vis|TÂs ityoda: `ese a|rs Ze C(em)i
sayuare|li~?
uk(uÀ)Tu ara | Ã(o)rc iyo, vin ima251v||252rrxvida da Sioda | udabnos? da
u|k(uÀ)Tu ara R(merT)i iyo, | ang(e)l(o)zni vissa mo|vides da hmsax|urebdes?
uk(uÀ)T|u ara Ã(o)rc iyo, | vin miiwoda qor|wilsa kanas gali|leaÁssa?
da uk|uÀTu ara R(merT)i iy|o, vin wyali RÂn|od gardaaqcia? |
uk(uÀ)Tu ara Ã(o)r|c iyo, purni vi|sTa ÃelTa miece|modes? uk(uÀ)Tu
a||ra R(merT)i iyo, vin g(a)na|ZRna mciriTa puriTa | aTaseulni erni
u|dabnosa z(ed)a?
uku|eTu ara Ã(o)rc 151 iyo 152 , | navsa S(in)a vin mZina|re iyo? da uk(uÀ)Tu
| ara R(merT)i iyo, qar|Ta da zRuasa vin | Sehrisxvida?
uk|uÀTu ara k(a)ci 153 [iyo], Ã(o)rc 154 , | simon fariseveli | vis T(an)a
iserebda? | da uk{uÀ}Tu ara R(merT)i iyo, | codvilisa dedak(a)cisa |
codvaTa vin miute|obda?
150 sityvis pirvel or grafemas – vi Soris Tavdapirvelad erTi ucnobi grafema unda
yofiliyo gamoyvanili, romelic, furclis momcro, oTxkuTxa fragmentTan erTad,
Tavad nikoloz nikrais mier, raRac basri iaraRiT Cans amokveTili. amasTan,
aRsaniSnavia isic, rom kaligrafs es sakmaod rTuli teqnikuri operacia metad
faqizad Seusrulebia da 251v-ze qaRaldis zedapiri ise Txel fenad amoukveTavs, rom
251r-s Sesabamisi adgili, praqtikulad, dauzianebeli darCenila.
151 sityvis win Tavdapirvelad sami (?) ucnobi grafema unda yofiliyo gamoyvanili,
romlebic, furclis momcro, oTxkuTxa fragmentTan erTad, Tavad nikoloz nikrais
mier, raRac basri iaraRiT Cans amokveTili. amasTan, aRsaniSnavia isic, rom kaligrafs
es sakmaod rTuli teqnikuri operacia metad faqizad Seusrulebia da 252r-ze qaRaldis
zedapiri ise Txel fenad amoukveTavs, rom 252v-s Sesabamisi adgili, praqtikulad,
dauzianebeli darCenila.
152 sityva mTlianad mogvianebiT aris Camatebuli, nikoloz nikraisave xeliT.
Sesrulebulia striqonis Sua xazSi, 252r-s marjvena svetis V striqonSi. aRsaniSnavia
isic, rom Camatebuli sityvis grafemebi ufro mcire zomisaa da gakruli xeliT,
Tanac, ZiriTadi teqstisagan gansxvavebuli, wvrilwveriani kalmiT aris naweri. rac
Seexeba Camatebuli sityvis melnis fers, is ZiriTadi teqstis identuria.
153 am sityvis adgilas Tavdapirvelad sami (?) ucnobi grafema unda yofiliyo gamoyvanili,
romlebic furclis momcro, oTkuTxa fragmentTan erTad, Tavad nikoloz nikrais
mier, raRac basri iaraRiT Cans amokveTili. amasTan, aRsaniSnavia isic, rom kaligrafs
es sakmaod rTuli teqnikuri operacia metad faqizad Seusrulebia da 252r-ze qaRaldis
zedapiri ise Txel fenad amoukveTavs, rom 252v-s Sesabamisi adgili, praqtikulad,
dauzianebeli darCenila. mogvianebiT (?), zustad am adgilas vinme ucnob pirs (ara
vlase urbnels!) Ria Savi feris melniT sami nusxuri grafema _ k(a)ci dauweria,
oRond, imgvarad, rom axlad dawerili sityvisaTvis qaragmis niSnad, Tavdapirveli,
192

uk|(uÀ)Tu ara 252r||252v Ãorc iyo, mgzav|robiTa maSura|li jurRmulsa |
z(ed)a vin iTxovda | wyalsa? da uk|uÀTu ara R(merT)i i|yo, cxovelsa |
wyalsa samarite|lsa vin miscemda | da amxilebda?
uk(uÀ)Tu ara Ã(o)rc | iyo, k(a)cisa samose|lsa vin Seimos|da? da
uk(uÀ)Tu a|ra R(merT)i iyo, visisa | samoslisag(a)n gam|ovidodes Zalni? ||
uk(uÀ)Tu ara Ã(o)rc | iyo, v(iTa)r hnerwyua | q(ue)y(a)nasa? da uk(uÀ)Tu
| ara R(merT)i iyo, TiÃi|sag(a)n v(iTa)r yo m(a)n aR|xilvaÁ T(ua)lTaÁ? |
uk(uÀ)Tu ara Ã(o)rc | iyo, saflavsa z(ed)a | lazaressa vin ti|roda?
da uk(uÀ)Tu | ara R(merT)i iyo, oTx|isa dRisa mkudari | visiTa
brZ(a)nebiTa | gamovidoda?
uk(uÀ)Tu ara Ã(o)rc | iyo, kicusa z(ed)a vin | mjdomare iyo? 252v||253r
da uk(uÀ)Tu ara R(merT)i | iyo, erni did(e)biT | vissa migebebad |
g(a)nvidodes?
uk|uÀTu ara Ã(o)rc iy|o, h(u)ri(a)Ta vin Sei|pyres? uk(uÀ)Tu a|ra
R(merT)i iyo, vin ubr|Zana miwasa da pir|sa z(ed)a dascna ig(i)ni? |
uk(uÀ)Tu ara Ã(o)rc | iyo, w(inaS)e samsjavr|oÁsa vin wardg|omil iyo?
da uk|uÀTu ara R(mer)T{i} iy|o, vin CuenebiT | aSinebda colsa ||
pilatessa?
uk(uÀ)Tu | ara Ã(o)rc iyo, yuri|mliscemaTa vin Tavs | idebda?
uk(uÀ)Tu ara | R(merT)i iyo, p(e)tres m(ie)r mo|kueTilsa m(a)s yursa | vin
g(a)namrTelebda 155 | da adgilsave TÂssa | k(uala)d agebda?
uk(uÀ)Tu | ara Ã(o)rc iyo, vism(a)n | pirm(a)n Seiwynarna | nerwyuvani?
da u|k(uÀ)Tu ara R(merT)i iyo, s(u)li w(mida)Á pirebsa mociq(u)lTa|sa vin
STahbera? |
nikoloz nikraiseuli teqstidan SemorCenili klaknili xazi dautovebia. traqtatis
es, mogvianebiT Sesrulebuli fragmenti winamdebare naSromSi, vlase urbnelis xeliT
dawerili mravalricxovani adgilebis msgavsad, agreTve, damuqebis gareSe da marjvniv
gadaxrili saxiT gvaqvs gamoyofili.
154 sityva mTlianad mogvianebiT aris Camatebuli, nikoloz nikraisave xeliT. Sesrulebulia
252r-s marjvena svetis XI striqonSi. aRsaniSnavia, isic, rom Camatebuli grafemebi
ufro mcire zomisaa da gakruli xeliT, Tanac, ZiriTadi teqstisagan gansxvavebuli,
wvrilwveriani kalmiT aris naweri. rac Seexeba Camatebuli grafemebis melnis
fers, is ZiriTadi teqstis identuria.
155 sityvis bolos Tavdapirvelad orwertili yofila dasmuli, romelic, Tavad
nikoloz nikrais marjvniv gadrekili vertikaluri xaziT gauerTianebia da am gziT,
erTi didi zomis mZime miuRia.
193

uk(uÀ)Tu ara Ã(o)rc iyo, | vis g(a)nsZuarces sam[o]253r||253vseli da
g(a)niyves 156 | mÃedarTa? da | uk(uÀ)Tu | ara R(merT)i iyo, | vissa
j(ua)rcumasa | dabnelda mze?
u|kuÀTu ara Ã(o)r|c iyo, j(uars)a z(ed)a vin | damokidebul iyo? |
da 157 uk(uÀ)Tu ara 158 R(merT)i iyo, vin 159 Se|aryia q(ue)y(a)n(a)Á safu|Zve-
liT(u)rT?
u|k(uÀ)Tu ara Ã(o)rc i|yo, visni Ãelni | SeemsWualnes da | ferÃni
samsWu|liTa? da uk(uÀ)Tu | ara R(merT)i iyo, taZ||risa kretsabmeli |
v(iTa)r g(a)nipeboda da 160 | kldeni daizuleo|des?
uk(uÀ)Tu ara | Ã(o)rc iyo, visi gu|erdi g(a)napo lax|uarm(a)n da
garda|moÃda sisxli da | wyali? da uku|eTu ara R(merT)i iyo, | visisa
Ãmisa sme|niTa SeZrwunda | j(o)j(o)x(e)Ti?
uk(uÀ)Tu | ara Ã(o)rc 161 iyo, | vissa 162 pirsa miup|yres Zmari da
na|vReli? da ukuÀ253v||254rTu ara R(merT)i iyo, | Seyenebulni mku|darni
visiTa brZa|nebiTa gamovido|des?
156 sityvis bolos Tavdapirvelad orwertili da mZime unda yofiliyo gamoyvanili.
odnav mogvianebiT, nikoloz nikrais, punqtuaciis niSanSi erTgvari cvlileba
Seutania, orwertilis wertilebi marjvniv gadrekili vertikaluri xaziT
gauerTianebia da am gziT, erTi didi zomis mZime miuRia.
157 sityvis orive grafema mTavrul sazedao asoebs warmoadgens. pirveli grafema _ d
didi zomisaa (5,4 X 10,9 sm.) misi konturebi jer wvrilwveriani kalmiTa da yavisferi
melniT aris moxazuli, Semdgom ki – singuriT Seferadebuli. Sesrulebulia 253v-s
marcxena aSiaze, marcxena svetis III-XI striqonebis gaswvriv. meore grafema – a,
agreTve, didi zomisaa (3,6 X 4,2 sm.) da mTlianad yavisferi melniT aris Sesrulebuli.
aRsaniSnavia isic, rom es ukanaskneli SewiaRebulia pirveli mTavruli grafemis – d
qveda rkalSi.
158 sityvis pirveli ori grafema _ ar da mis win Sesrulebuli sityva _ uk(uÀ)Tu svetidan
marcxniv aris gasuli da 253v-s marcxena aSiaze gamoyvanili mTavruli sazedao
asos _ d qveda rkalSia Cawerili. amasTan, sityvis _ uk(uÀ)Tu pirveli sami grafema
imavdroulad moqceulia meore mTavruli sazedao asos _ a marjvniv gaxsnil mucelSi,
romelic, Tavis mxriv, agreTve, mTavruli grafemis _ d qveda rkalSia Sesrulebuli.
159 amave sityvis meore grafema – i mogvianebiT aris Camatebuli, nikoloz nikraisave
xeliT. Sesrulebulia striqonis qveda xazSi. axlavs ramdenime wertili, romlebic
miuTiTeben im adgilze, sadac nagulisxmevi iyo grafemis aRdgena. aRsaniSnavia isic,
rom Camatebuli grafema ufro mcire zomisaa da gakruli xeliT, Tanac, ZiriTadi
teqstisagan gansxvavebuli, wvrilwveriani kalmiT aris naweri.
160 sityvis win Tavdapirvelad dasmuli iyo orwertili, romlis zeda wertilidanac Tavad
nikoloz nikrais marcxniv gadrekili, vertikaluri xazi `ausrolia~ da am gziT,
zeviT abrunebuli mZime miuRia. rac Seexeba orwertilis qveda wertils, masze
kaligrafs sityvis pirveli nusxuri grafemis – d qveda rkali gadautarebia.
161 sityvis win Tavdapirvelad ori (?) ucnobi grafema unda yofiliyo gamoyvanili, romlebic,
furclis momcro, oTxkuTxa fragmentTan erTad, Tavad nikoloz nikrais mier,
raRac basri iaraRiT Cans amokveTili. amasTan, aRsaniSnavia isic, rom kaligrafs es
sakmaod rTuli teqnikuri operacia metad faqizad Seusrulebia da 253v-ze qaRaldis
194

uk(uÀ)Tu a|ra Ã(o)rc iyo, vin | Ãmobda: `R(merT)o, R(merT)o | C(e)mo,
r(a)ÁsaTÂs da|miteve~? da uk{uÀ}Tu | ara R(merT)i iyo, ~m(a)m(a)o, | Seundve
amaT ~ , _ | vin aRmoTqua? |
uk(uÀ)Tu ara Ã(o)r|c iyo, j(uars)a z(ed)a, ava|zakTa T(an)a, vin |
damokidebul iyo? | da uk(uÀ)Tu ara R(merT)i || iyo, avazaksa j(uars)a
z(ed)a | v(iTa)r etyoda: `dRes Ce|m Tana iyo samoTxe|sa S(in)a~?
uk(uÀ)Tu ara | Ã(o)rc iyo, i(o)s(e)b da nik|odemos vin SezuZ|rnes da
dahfles? | da uk(uÀ)Tu ara R(merT)i | iyo, vin ars, r(ome)li | aRdga
mesamesa dResa? |
uk(uÀ)Tu ara Ã(o)rc 163 | iyo, m(o)c(i)q(u)lTa qorsa | z(ed)a vin ixiles da
g(a)ni|xiles? da uk{uÀ}Tu a|ra R(merT)i iyo, v(iTa)r kar|Ta ÃSulTa Sevi|da?
ukuÀTu ara 254r||254v Ã(o)rc iyo, visTa | samsWualTa wy|lulebani gamo|iZi-
na Toma? da | uk(uÀ)Tu ara R(merT)i iyo, | vin Tqua sity(u)aÁ ese, | v(iTarme)d:
`mixile me da gr|wams, net(a)r iyvnen, | r(omel)Ta ara uxila|v da vhrwmene~? |
uk(uÀ)Tu ara Ã(o)rci | iyo, tbasa z(ed)a tibe|riisasa vin Wama? | da
uk(uÀ)Tu ara R(merT)i | iyo, visiTa brZa|nebiTa aRivsnes | badeni?
uk(uÀ)Tu a||ra Ã(o)rc iyo, ang(e)l(o)z|Ta da m(o)c(i)q(u)lTa visi |
ixiles am(a)Rleb(a)Á? | da uk(uÀ)Tu ara R(merT)i | iyo, cam(a)n da
q(ue)y(a)na|m(a)n vis T(a)y(ua)nis sces? |
uk(uÀ)Tu ara Ã(o)rci | iyo, naw{i}l sadme | iyo cx(o)r(e)b(a)Á C(ue)ni? |
a(rame)d 164 W(eSmari)t (a)rs, r(ome)lsa aRviare|bT, v(iTarme)d Ze
R(mrTisa)Á Ze k(a)cis | iqmna, asulis(a)g(a)n k(a)cisa, | Ã(o)rciTa, r(ome)l
misg(a)n Seimo|sna da ese ars q(rist)e, mx|ol{o}dSobili Ze da si|ty(ua)Á
R(mrTisa)Á, r(om)lis(a)Á ars | d(ide)b(a)Á, s(u)f(e)v(a)Á da simtkice, | aw da
uk(uniT)i uk(unisadmd)e, a(me)n.
zedapiri iseT Txel fenad amoukveTavs, rom 253r-s Sesabamisi adgili, praqtikulad,
dauzianebeli darCenila.
162 sityvis pirveli grafema – v gamosulia 253v-s marjvena svetis marcxena kididan.
163 am sityvasa da mis win Sesrulebul sityvas _ ara Soris Tavdapirvelad grafema _ i
yofila gamoyvanili. igi odnav mogvianebiT imave nikoloz nikrais mier aris
gadaxazuli.
164 sityvis orive grafema – a(rame)d mTavrul sazedao asoebs warmoadgens. pirveli grafema
– a saSualo zomisaa (2,3 X 3,4 sm.) da singuriT aris naweri. Sesrulebulia 254v-s
marjvena svetis marcxniv, IX-XI striqonebs gaswvriv. meore grafema – d SedarebiT mcire
zomisaa (0,9 X 0,9 sm.) da mTlianad yavisferi melniT aris gamoyvanili. aRsaniSnavia
isic, rom es ukanaskneli SewiaRebulia pirveli mTavruli grafemis – a qveda rkalSi.
grafemebs Soris, striqonis zeda xazSi, agreTve, yavisferi melniT aris dasmuli
sakmaod didi zomis qaragmis niSani.
195

d a s k v n a
winamdebare naSromSi istoriul-wyaroTmcodneobiTi TvalsazrisiT
aris Seswavlili venis erovnuli biblioTekis qarTuli xelnaweri wigne-
bis koleqciaSi me-4 nomriT daculi krebuli, ufro zustad ki, am kre-
bulSi Setanili erT-erTi Txzuleba da xelnaweris aSiebze Sesrulebu-
li ocamde anderZ-minaweris teqsti.
kvlevis Sedegad miRebuli daskvnebi, pirobiTad, or jgufad iyofa.
aqedan, daskvnebis pirveli jgufi garejuli krebulisa da misi anderZ-mi-
nawerebis arqeografiul-kodikologiuri Seswavlis Sedegebs moicavs. aq
Ven.4-is xsenebul Txzulebasa da kolofonebze dayrdnobiT, axleburad
aris warmoCenili garejis qvabovani savaneebis, ierusalimis qarTuli ko-
loniisa da zogadad, saqarTvelos istoriis araerTi mniSvnelovani sakiT-
xi; gamoTqmulia ramdenime axali mosazreba uSualod xelnawerTan da mis
istorisTan dakavSirebuli sxvadasxva mniSvnelovani sakiTxebis Sesaxeb.
daskvnebis meore jgufSi Tavmoyrilia garejuli krebulis xsenebuli
Txzulebisa da xelnaweris anderZ-minawerebis istoriul-wyaroTmcodneo-
biTi Seswavlis Sedegad mopovebuli istoriuli faqtebi.
Tavdapirvelad warmovadgenT miRebuli ZiriTadi daskvnebis CamonaT-
vals, xolo Semdgom odnav ufro vrclad SevexebiT maT.
I. anderZ-minawerebis arqeografiul-kodikologiuri Seswavlis Ziri-
Tadi Sedegebi:
I.1. kvlevis Sedegad axleburad iqna gadaWrili Ven.4-is, rogorc
xelnaweri krebulis, tipologiuri identifikaciis problema;
I.2. gamovlinda garejuli krebulis gadamweris mier gadanusxuli
kidev erTi xelnaweri;
I.3. dazustda Ven.4-is wmida miwaze moxvedrisa da misi ierusalimis
jvris monastridan gatanis qronologia;
I.4. gairkva mRvdelmonazon besarion qiotiSvilis mier garejul
krebulze Catarebuli sarestavracio samuSaoebis xasiaTi.
196

II. xelnaweris anderZ-minawerebis istoriul-wyaroTmcodneobiTi Ses-
wavlis ZiriTadi Sedegebi:
II.1. dazustda saqarTvelos mefis giorgi III-is aRsaydrebis TariRi;
II.2. gairkva garejeli moweseebis damokidebuleba monofiziti somexi
momlocvelebisadmi;
II.3. dadginda moqvis ucnobi episkoposis luka oZrxelis biografia;
II.4. gamovlinda moqvis ucnobi mTavarepiskoposis ambrias saxeli;
II.5. dadginda ierusalimis aRdgomis taZris moZRvris ioseb xuntus-
Zis biografia;
II.6. gairkva ucnobi artanujeli piligrimis giorgi lomas-Zis
momlocvelobis faqti wmida miwaze;
II.7. dadginda afxazeTis dasavleT saqarTvelos ucnobi kaTolikosis
barTlomes biografia;
II.8. dadginda Tbileli mTavarepiskoposis barnaba favlenisSvilis
biografia;
II.9. dadginda urbneli mTavarepiskoposis vlase saakasZis biografia;
II.10. aRdgenil iqna afxazeTis sakaTolikoso rezidenciis biWvin-
Tidan xobis monasterSi gadatanis procesi;
II.11. dazustda dasavleT saqarTvelos kaTolikosis ilarionis
zeobis qronologia;
II.12. dadginda imereTis mefis bagrat IV-is asulisa da odiSis
mTavris levan IV-is Tanamecxedris, gelaTeli monazonis TinaTin-yofili
nino bagrationis biografia;
II.13. gairkva guruli monazonis febronia xevariZis wmida miwaze
momlocvelobis faqti;
II.14. dadginda wmida miwasa da aTonis mTaze moRvawe mRvdelmona-
zonis besarion-yofili benediqte qiotiSvilis biografia.
axla ufro vrclad ganvixiloT aRniSnuli daskvnebi. daviwyoT
pirveli jgufis ramdenime ZiriTadi daskvniT, romlebic, rogorc iTqva,
saSualebas gvaZlevs, axleburad warmovaCinoT uSualod garejul kre-
bulTan da mis istoriasTan dakavSirebuli sxvadasxva mniSvnelovani
sakiTxebi.
197

1940 wels grigol feraZem gamoTqva mosazreba, rom Ven.4 warmoad-
genda mravalTavis tipis krebuls. mogvianebiT, aRniSnuli mosazreba
ukritikod gaiziares vaxtang imnaiSvilma da darejan kldiaSvilma.
winamdebare naSromSi grigol feraZis mosazrebis sapirispirod, dasabu-
Tebuli gvaqvs, rom garejuli krebuli warmoadgens ara liturgikuli
daniSnulebis mqone mravalTavs, sadac hagiografiuli da homiletikuri
sakiTxavebi kalendruli wesis dacviT aris dalagebuli, aramed arali-
turgikuli xasiaTis krebuls, romelic Sedgeba yovelgvari kalendruli
wesis gareSe dalagebuli hagiografiuli, homiletikuri, apokrifuli,
egzegetikuri, dogmatikur-polemikuri, bibliur-himnografiuli da
istoriul-qronografiuli Txzulebebisagan. aRniSnul daskvnas sakmaod
didi mniSvneloba aqvs qarTuli xelnaweri krebulebiT dainteresebuli
mkvlevrebisaTvis, romlebic Ven.4-s aqamde mravalTavis tipis xelnawerad
miiCnevdnen da krebulebis srulebiT sxva jgufSi ganixilavdnen.
qarTul istoriografiaSi bolo dromde miRebuli iyo mosazreba,
rom Ven.-is gadamwers, mxatvar-kaligraf nikoloz nikrais gadanusxuli
hqonda mxolod erTi xelnaweri. winamdebare naSromSi dadgenili gvaqvs,
rom nikoloz nikrais garejuli krebulis garda, gadawerili hqonda
meore xelnaweric _ TbilisSi, xelnawerTa erovnul centrSi daculi wm.
ioane sinelis `klemaqsi~, igive H-1669. amrigad, Ven.4-isa da H-1669-is sa-
xiT, xelT gvaqvs garejis samonastro skriptoriumidan gamosuli ara
erTi, rogorc es aqamde iyo miRebuli, aramed ori uZvelesi xelnaweri
wigni, romelTa Sedgenilobasa Tu calkeul teqstebze dakvirvebas SeuZ-
lia, sakmaod naTeli warmodgena Segviqmnas iseTi bundovani sakiTxebis
Sesaxeb, rogoricaa XII saukunis garejeli mamebis samonastro yofa da
adgilobriv monastrebSi mimdinare samwignobre procesebi.
1940 wels grigol feraZem gamoTqva mosazreba, rom garejuli
krebuli 1570 wlisaTvis ukve gadatanili iyo wmida miwaze. misive
dakvirvebiT, xelnaweri ramdenime saukunis ganmavlobaSi inaxeboda
ierusalimis jvris monasterSi, saidanac is 1864-1883 wlebSi gaitanes.
winamdebare naSromSi Cven dazustebuli gvaqvs grigol feraZis
aRniSnuli mosazrebebi. kerZod ki, dadgenili gvaqvs, rom Ven.4 wmida
miwaze gadatanili iyo ara 1570 wels, aramed gacilebiT ufro adre, sul
198

mcire, 1363 wlamde mainc. garda amisa, garkveuli gvaqvs isic, rom
garejuli krebuli ierusalimis jvris monastridan gatanili iyo ara
1864-1883 wlebSi, aramed 1845-1883 wlebSi. aRniSnul daskvnebs didi mniS-
vneloba aqvs aramxolod Ven.4-is, aramed zogadad saqarTvelosa da wmida
miwis urTierTobebis istoriisaTvisac. marTlac, am daskvnebidan naTlad
Cans, rom garejuli krebulis aSiebze 1363-1845/1883 wlebSi Sesrulebuli
uklebliv yvela kolofonis damweri piradad imyofeboda wmida miwaze.
1940 wels grigol feraZem gamoTqva zogadi xasiaTis mosazreba, rom
1864 wels Ven.4 safuZvlianad ganaaxla mRvdelmonazonma besarion qio-
tiSvilma. aRniSnuli mosazrebis sapirispirod, winamdebare naSromSi
dadgenili gvaqvs, rom mRvdelmonazonma besarion qiotiSvilma garejuli
krebuli ganaaxla ara 1864 wels, aramed gacilebiT ufro adre, 1813-1814
wlebSi. garda amisa, grigol feraZisagan gansxvavebiT, SeZlebisdagvarad
dakonkretebuli gvaqvs besarion qiotiSvilis mier Catarebuli sarestav-
racio samuSaoebis ZiriTad etapebic: danestianebuli xelnaweris daSla;
furclebis gaSroba-gamzeureba; Wiisagan daxrul-daCvretili furclis
kideebis sarestavracio qaRaldiT gamagreba; furclebis gadaTvla; dabo-
los, xelnaweris akinZva. aRniSnul daskvnebs didi mniSvneloba aqvs besari-
on qiotiSvilis mier aramxolod Ven.4-ze, aramed wmida miwis sxva qarTul
xelnawerebze Catarebuli sarestavracio samuSaoebis xasiaTis dasadgenad,
romlis Sesaxebac aqamde, praqtikulad, araferi iyo cnobili.
gadavideT Cvens mier miRebuli daskvnebis meore jgufze, sadac Ven.4-
is erT-erT Txzulebasa da mis anderZ-minawerebze dayrdnobiT, rogorc
ukve mivuTiTebdiT, warmodgenilia mTeli rigi axali mosazrebebi wmida
miwis qarTuli koloniisa da zogadad, saqarTvelos istoriis sxvadasxva
mniSvnelovani sakiTxebis Sesaxeb. movitanT ramdenime ZiriTad daskvnas.
1913 wels ivane javaxiSvilma XII-XIV saukuneebis xuT werilobiT
Zeglze dayrdnobiT, gamoTqva mosazreba, rom saqarTvelos mefis giorgi
III-is aRsaydrebas adgili hqonda 1156 wels. mogvianebiT qarTulma
istoriografiam srulad gaiziara es mosazreba. winamdebare naSromSi
ivane javaxiSvilis mier gamoyenebul xuTi werilobiT wyaros garda,
damatebiT movixmeT XII saukunis ori sxva Zegli, maT Soris, garejuli
krebulis anderZi da am Svidi werilobiTi wyaros kritikuli analizis
199

safuZvelze, davadgineT, rom giorgi III saqarTvelos samefo taxtze
avida ara 1156 wels, rogorc es aqamde iyo miRebuli, aramed _ 1157 wels.
miRebul daskvnas didi mniSvneloba aqvs aramxolod giorgi III-is, aramed
misi mamis, demetre I-isa da Zmis, daviT V-is mefobis qronologiasTan
dakavSirebuli mTeli rigi bundovani sakiTxebis garkvevisaTvis.
winamdebare naSromSi erT-erTi umTavresi adgili uWiravs XIV-XIX
saukuneebSi saqarTvelosa da wmida miwaze moRvawe istoriuli pirebis
biografiuli portretebis rekonstruqcias. aRniSnuli biografiuli
portretebi, ZiriTadad, damyarebulia garejuli krebulis minawerebze,
Tumca calkeuli detalebis dadgenisa da dazustebis mizniT, damatebiT
gamoyenebulia sxva mravalferovani saistorio masalac: istoriuli
dokumentebi, epigrafikuli Zeglebi, xelnawerTa anderZ-minawerebi da sxv.
istoriul pirTa Cvens mier rekonstruirebuli biografiuli
portretebi saSualebas gvaZlevs, samecniero sazogadoebas warmovudgi-
noT aqamde ucnobi an naklebad cnobili istoriuli pirebi: moqvis
ucnobi episkoposi luka oZrxeli (XIV s.); ierusalimis aRdgomis taZris
moZRvari ioseb xuntusZe (XV s.); ucnobi artanujeli piligrimi giorgi
lomas-Ze (XV s.); afxazeTis ucnobi kaTolikosi barTlome (XV-XVI ss.);
Tbileli mTavarepiskoposi barnaba favlenisSvili (XVI s.); urbneli
mTavarepiskoposi vlase saakasZe (XVI s.); imereTis mefis bagrat IV-is
asuli da odiSis mTavris levan IV dadianis Tanamecxedre, gelaTeli
monazoni TinaTin-yofili nino (XVII-XVIII ss.); ierusalimsa da aTonis
mTaze moRvawe mRvdelmonazoni besarion-yofili benediqte qiotiSvili
(XVIII-XIX ss.) da sxv.
aq CamoTvlili TiToeuli piris biografia saSualebas iZleva,
aramxolod Tvali gavadevnoT ama Tu im piris cxovreba-moRvaweobis
calkeul etapebs, aramed konkretuli biografiuli portretis daxmare-
biT, garkveuli warmodgena SeviqmnaT Sesabamis qronologiur monakveTsa
Tu geografiul sivrceSi mimdinare sxvadasxva istoriul procesebzec.
magaliTisaTvis aviRoT afxazeTis kaTolikosi barTlome.
am ukanasknelTan dakavSirebuli istoriuli masalis Seswavla
aCvenebs, rom barTlome moRvaweobda XV saukunis II naxevarsa da XVI
saukunis I mexuTedSi. Cvens mier moZiebuli XV saukunis istoriuli
200

dokumentebidan irkveva, rom barTlome daaxloebiT 1484-1488 wlebSi
caiSis saepiskoposo kaTedras ganagebda, 1488 wlisaTvis ki dasavleT
saqarTvelos saeklesio ierarqiaSi kidev ufro maRal Tanamdebobas,
quTaisis mTavarepiskoposobas flobda. amis Semdeg barTlomes saxeli
mxolod garejuli krebulis minawerSi gvxvdeba, saidanac vigebT, rom
man saeklesio ierarqiaSi aRmasvla ganagrZo da daaxloebiT 1488-1519
wlebSi dasavleT saqarTvelos eklesiis saWeTmpyroblis, afxazeTis
kaTolikosis saydaric daikava. daaxloebiT amave 1488-1519 wlebSi
kaTolikosma barTlomem wmida miwaze imogzaura da ierusalimis erT-erT
qarTul savaneSi daculi Ven.4-is aSiaze sakuTari xeliT Seasrula
savedrebeli minaweris teqsti.
rogorc vxedavT, Cvens mier rekonstruirebuli biografiuli
portreti marTlac sainteresod warmogvidgens XV-XVI saukuneebis erT-
erTi qarTveli sasuliero ierarqis cxovreba-moRvaweobis ZiriTad
etapebs. xolo Tu aqve imasac gavixsenebT, rom qarTuli istoriografia
aqamde saerTod ar icnobda arc barTlomes kaTolikosobis faqts da
arc misi wmida miwaze momlocvelobis ambavs, maSin kidev ufro naTeli
gaxdeba, Tu raoden didi mniSvneloba aqvs kaTolikosi barTlomesa da
garejuli krebulis sxva kolofonebis istoriul-wyaroTmcodneobiT
Seswavlas aramxolod ierusalimis qarTuli koloniis, aramed zogadad,
saqarTvelos istoriisaTvis.
dasasrul, kidev erTxel vubrundebiT Cvens mier rekonstruirebul
istoriul pirTa portretebs da mokled aRvniSnavT, rom TiToeuli am
rekonstruqciis farglebSi samecniero sazogadoebas vTavazobT mTel
rig axal daskvnebsa da mosazrebebs XIV-XIX saukuneebis saqarTvelos
istoriis iseT konkretul sakiTxebTan dakavSirebiT, rogoricaa: cixe-
qalaqi oZrxis mosaxleobis momlocveloba vanis qvabebis monasterSi (1);
oZrxeSi aRzrdili sasuliero piris, luka oZrxelis mier saepiskoposo
kaTedris dakaveba moqvSi (2); luka moqvelis piligrimuli mogzauroba
wmida miwaze da aq daculi qarTuli xelnawerebis moxilva (3); moqvis
kidev erTi ucnobi episkoposis ambrias minaweri moqvis oTxTavis
aSiebidan (4); ierusalimis aRdgomis taZris moZRvris ioseb xuntusZis
ojaxis wevrTa vinaoba da misi samwignobre saqmianoba (5); `artanujelis~
201

sapatio titulis mniSvneloba X-XI saukuneebsa da XIV saukuneSi (6);
cixe-qalaq artanujis qarTuli qristianuli Temi da aq mosaxle
calkeuli gvarebi (7); artanujSi mcxovrebi giorgi lomas-Zis
momlocveloba wmida miwaze da aqauri qarTuli xelnawerebis gacnoba
(8); lixTimerTSi mimdinare politikuri procesebi da maTi gavlena
dasavleT saqarTvelos eklesiaze (9); afxazeTis sakaTolikoso
rezidenciis gadatanis procesi biWvinTis kaTedridan jer xobis, xolo
Semdeg gelaTis monasterSi (10); afxazeTis ucnobi kaTolikosis
ilarionis moRvaweoba (11); imereTis mefis bagrat IV-is asulis TinaTin
bagrationis odiSis mTavar levan IV dadianze qorwinebis TariRi (12) da
maTi ojaxis wevrTa vinaoba (13); levan IV dadianis gardacvaleba da
TinaTin bagrationis ninos saxeliT Semonazvneba gelaTis monasterSi
(14); TinaTin-yofili nino bagrationis gaparva raWaSi myof qarTlis mefe
vaxtang VI-sTan da masTan erTad, ruseTs gamgzavreba (15); TinaTin-yofili
ninos Tanamosagris, guruli monazonis febronia xevariZis
momlocveloba wmida miwaze (16) da sxv.
Mmopovebuli faqtebi mniSvnelovani detalebiT avsebs saqarTvelos
istoriis narativs. vinaidan swored amgvari detalebi aniWebs warsulis
reprezentacias gansakuTrebul cxovelmyofelobas. gamovTqvamT imeds,
rom Cvens mier winamdebare naSromSi miRebuli rogorc pirveli, ise
meore jgufis daskvnebi saintereso da anggariSgasawevi iqneba samecniero
sazogadoebisaTvis.
202

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