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1<br />
ssip - saqarTvelos saxelmwifo agraruli<br />
universiteti<br />
ediSer midelaSvili<br />
meRvineobis teqnologiuri procesebisaTvis<br />
eleqtromagnituri vibraciuli danadgarebis<br />
damuSaveba da maTi muSaobis reJimebis optimizacia<br />
agroinJineriis doqtoris akademiuri<br />
xarisxis mosapoveblad warmodgenili<br />
d i s e r t a c i a<br />
soflis meurneobis eleqtrifikacia<br />
samecniero xelmZRvanelebi:<br />
teqnikis mecnierebaTa doqtori,<br />
sruli profesori a. didebuliZe<br />
teqnikis mecnierebaTa doqtori,<br />
sruli profesori r. qsovreli<br />
2009 weli
2<br />
ssip - saqarTvelos saxelmwifo sasoflo-sameurneo<br />
universiteti<br />
ediSer midelaSvili<br />
meRvineobis teqnologiuri procesebisaTvis<br />
eleqtromagnituri vibraciuli danadgarebis<br />
damuSaveba da maTi muSaobis reJimebis optimizacia<br />
teqnikis mecnierebaTa kandidatis samecniero<br />
xarisxis mosapoveblad warmodgenili<br />
d i s e r t a c i a<br />
05.20.02 – soflis meurneobis warmoebis eleqtrifikacia<br />
samecniero xelmZRvanelebi:<br />
teqnikis mecnierebaTa doqtori,<br />
profesori al. didebuliZe<br />
teqnikis mecnierebaTa doqtori,<br />
profesori r. qsovreli<br />
2006 weli
3<br />
sarCevi<br />
Sesavali . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .<br />
Tavi I. sakiTxis Seswavlis mdgomareoba da kvlevis<br />
amocanebi<br />
1.1. Rvinomasalebis warmoebis da<br />
xarisxis gaumjobesebis aspeqtebi. . . . . . . . . . . . . .<br />
1.2. eleqtromagnituri vibroamgznebebis<br />
konstruqciebis analizi. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .<br />
1.3. ukuqceviT-winsvliTi moZraobis erTtaqtiani<br />
eleqtromagnituri vibroamgznebebi. . . . . . . . . . . . .<br />
1.4. eleqtromagnituri vibroamgznebebi<br />
kuTxiT-rxevadi RuziT . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .<br />
1.5. sasoflo-sameurneo produqtTa damuSavebisTvis<br />
gankuTvnili eleqtromagnituri vibraciuli<br />
bunkeruli danadgarebi. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .<br />
1.6. eleqtromagnituri vibraciuli danadgarebis<br />
eleqtrokvebisa da marTvis eleqtruli<br />
sqemebis analizi. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .<br />
1.7. kvlevis mizani da amocanebi. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 43<br />
Tavi II. sacdeli eleqtromagnituri vibraciuli<br />
danadgarebi da maTi kvlevis meTodika<br />
2.1. sacdeli eleqtromagnituri vibraciuli<br />
danadgarebis konstruqciuli Taviseburebani . . . . .<br />
2.2. kvlevis meTodika . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 59<br />
2.3. eleqtromagnituri vibroamgznebebis eleqtruli<br />
parametrebis gazomvis meTodika . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .<br />
2.4. meqanikuri parametrebis kvleva . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 65<br />
4<br />
13<br />
21<br />
24<br />
28<br />
32<br />
37<br />
44<br />
61
Tavi III. Teoriuli kvlevebi<br />
3.1. ukuqceviT-winsvliTi moZraobis erTtaqtiani<br />
eleqtromagnituri vibrodanadgarebis<br />
4<br />
Teoriis sakiTxisaTvis . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .<br />
3.2. vibraciuli danadgari kuTxiT-rxevad Ruziani<br />
amgznebiT . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .<br />
3.3. Rvinomasalebis dasamuSavebeli vibraciuli<br />
danadgarebis Tiristoruli marTva . . . . . . . . . . . .<br />
3.4. vibrobunkerSi Rvinomasalebis vibrireba-<br />
aqtivizaciis kanonzomierebani . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .<br />
Tavi IV. Rvinomasalebis warmoebis teqnologia<br />
da eqsperimentuli kvlevis Sedegebi<br />
4.1. eleqtromagnituri vibraciuli danadgarebis<br />
muSaobis reJimebis eqsperimentuli kvleva . . . . . . .<br />
4.2. Rvinomasalebis daZvelebis alternatiuli<br />
teqnologia da kvlevebis analizi . . . . . . . . . . . . .<br />
4.2.1. sabrende spirtebis warmoebis ZiriTadi wesebi . . . 121<br />
4.2.2. sabrende spirtebze Catarebuli eqsperimentuli<br />
kvlevis Sedegebi . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .<br />
4.2.3. Rvinomasalebze Catarebuli eqsperimentuli<br />
kvlevis Sedegebi . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .<br />
Tavi V. eleqtromagnituri vibraciuli danadgarebis<br />
saimedoobis sakiTxisaTvis . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .<br />
Tavi VI. eleqtromagnituri vibrodanadgarebis<br />
energetikuli da ekonomikuri<br />
efeqtianobis maCveneblebi . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .<br />
daskvnebi da rekomendaciebi . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 147<br />
gamoyenebuli literatura . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 151<br />
danarTebi . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 169<br />
66<br />
82<br />
85<br />
95<br />
101<br />
118<br />
125<br />
128<br />
135<br />
142
5<br />
Sesavali<br />
Temis aqtualoba da unikaloba: Tanamedrove sasoflo-<br />
sameurneo teqnikiT uzrunvelyofa, fasebis disparitetis<br />
pirobebSi, saqarTvelos agraruli dargis efeqtianobis<br />
amaRlebis erT-erT ganmsazRvrel faqtors warmoadgens, radgan<br />
konkurentunariani soflis meurneoba warmoudgenelia maRali<br />
teqnikur-ekonomikuri, energetikuli da saeqspluatacio<br />
maCveneblebis mqone danadgarebis gareSe, romlebmac unda<br />
uzrunvelyon agraruli produqciis warmoebisa da gadamuSavebis<br />
uaxlesi teqnologiebis aTviseba. Tu gaviTvaliswinebT im<br />
garemoebas, rom vibraciulma manqanebma da danadgarebma, agreTve<br />
am teqnikur saSualebebze agebulma teqnologiebma bolo<br />
periodSi moaxdines mravali warmoebis Zireuli gardaqmna, am<br />
mimarTulebam arsebiTi wvlili unda Seitanos qveyanaSi<br />
maRalxarisxiani da konkurentunariani sasoflo-sameurneo<br />
produqciis miRebis saqmeSi. aucilebelia aRiniSnos, rom<br />
samarko Rvinis da brendis warmoeba tradiciulad saqarTvelos<br />
agraruli seqtoris prioritets warmoadgenda. yofil sabWoTa<br />
kavSiris respublikebsa da socialistur qveynebs Soris<br />
(moldova, somxeTi, azarbaijani, ungreTi, bulgareTi da a.S.)<br />
saqarTvelo Rvinomasalebis, kerZod ki saSualo da<br />
ZviradRirebuli samarko Rvinoebis da brendis msxvil<br />
eqsportiorad iTvleboda. sabazro ekonomikaze gadasvlis rTul<br />
periodSi mniSvnelovnad Semcirda, rogorc Rvinisa da spirtiani<br />
sasmelebis warmoeba, aseve uaxlesi teqnologiebis ararsebobis<br />
gamo daeca produqciis xarisxi. ukanasknel peridSi pozitiurad<br />
Seicvala dargSi arsebuli mdgomareoba. dafuZnda
6<br />
Rvinomasalebis mwarmoebeli mravali kompania, maT Soris,<br />
ucxouri kapitalis monawileobiT, romlebic warmatebiT iyeneben<br />
biznesis marTvis da marketingis Tanamedrove midgomebs.<br />
warmoebebSi dainerga uaxlesi teqnologiebi, rac, Sesabamisad,<br />
adekvaturad aisaxa produqciis xarisxze.<br />
ZviradRirebuli Rvinoebisa da brendis warmoebis<br />
teqnologia iTvaliswinebs Rvinisa da sabrende spirtebis<br />
mravalwlian daZvelebas. es xangrZlivi procesi dakavSirebulia<br />
did danakargebTan, romlebic ZiriTadad gapirobebulia<br />
aorTqlebiT. es iwvevs Rvinomasalebis TviTRirebulebis<br />
gazrdas da metad araxelsayrelia mwarmoeblisaTvis<br />
konkurentunarianobis SenarCunebis TvalsazrisiT. daZvelebis<br />
procesis xangrZlivobis Semcireba amcirebs zemoaRniSnul<br />
danakargebs da zrdis brunvis process, rac stimuls miscems<br />
mewarmes awarmoos konkurentunariani, maRali xarisxis<br />
produqcia.<br />
vibraciuli rxevebis dadebiTi zegavlena Rvinisa da<br />
sabrende spirtebis daZvelebaze naklebad Seswavlili da<br />
dasabuTebulia, Tumca, dRemde, xSirad gvxdeba mosazreba imis<br />
Taobaze, rom vibraciuli rxevebi SesaZleblobas gvaZleven<br />
miviRoT bunebrivad daZvelebuli Rvinoproduqtebis tolfasi<br />
masalebi sakmaod SemWidroebul vadebSi. miuxedavad amisa,<br />
mkveTri aqtivizaciis movlena warmoebaSi dRemde naklebad<br />
gamoiyeneba, rasac, Cveni azriT, ganapirobebs dRevandeli<br />
mewarmis fsiqologia, anu swrafad da mcire kapitaldabandebebis<br />
pirobebSi miiRos maqsimaluri sargebeli.<br />
unda aRiniSnos, rom dReisaTvis ar aris damuSavebuli<br />
Rvinomasalis vibraciuli daZvelebis mecnierulad
7<br />
dasabuTebuli meTodika, romelic saSualebas mogvcems<br />
sxvadasxva Rvinomasalis SemTxvevaSi davadginoT damuSavebis<br />
efeqtiani eqspozicia, rxevebis optimaluri sixSire da<br />
amplituda. aucilebelia agreTve, iseTi vibraciuli danadgaris<br />
konstruqciis Seqmna, romelic saSualebas mogvcems Rvinis<br />
qarxnis pirobebSi movaxdinoT Rvinomasalis didi moculobebiT<br />
damuSaveba.<br />
arsebul vibrodanadgarebSi gamoyenebul amgznebebs Soris<br />
eleqtromagnituri vibroamgznebebi muSaobaSi sakmaod saimedoni<br />
da martivni arian, radgan isini ar Seicaven mbrunav nawilebs.<br />
aseT amZravebSi eleqtromagnituri energia uSualod<br />
gardaiqmneba, rogorc ukuqceviT-winsvliT, aseve kuTxiT-rxevad<br />
meqanikur moZraobaSi, romelTac axasiaTebT amuSavebis kargi<br />
SesaZleblobebi, xmauris dabali done, ekonomiuroba warmoebasa<br />
da eqspluataciaSi, Tumca, amave dros, isini xasiaTdebian<br />
eleqtromeqanikuri parametrebis xSiri regulirebis<br />
aucileblobiT da yvelaze xelsayrel – rezonansis siaxlovis<br />
reJimSi arastabiluri muSaobiT. kerZod, adgili aqvs<br />
arasasurvel Sejaxebebs statorsa da Ruzas Soris, izrdeba<br />
xmauris done, amgznebebi moiTxoven xSir gawyobas.<br />
sadisertacio naSromi aqtualuria imiT, rom igi eZRvneba<br />
meRvineobisaTvis energodamzogi eleqtromagnituri vibraciuli<br />
danadgarebis damuSavebas, rac uzrunvelyofs danadgaris<br />
sadgaris (romelzec moTavsebuli iqneba rezervuari, kasri da<br />
a.S.) moZraobas rogorc ukuqceviT-winsvliTi, aseve wriuli<br />
traeqtoriiT. aseve, racionaluria danadgarebSi gamoyenebuli<br />
axali konstruqciis eleqtromagnituri amgznebi, romelic<br />
gamoirCeva eleqtromeqanikuri parametrebis regulirebis
8<br />
sizustiT da meqanikur rezonansul an rezonansis siaxlovis<br />
reJimSi stabiluri muSaobiT.<br />
zemoaRniSnulis gaTvaliswinebiT, Rvinomasalebis<br />
daZvelebis teqnologiuri procesebisaTvis, kerZod sabrende<br />
spirtebis daZvelebisaTvis gankuTvnili eleqtromagnituri<br />
vibraciuli danadgarebis damuSaveba da warmoebaSi gamoyeneba<br />
warmoadgens aqtualur amocanas, emsaxureba ra teqnologiuri<br />
procesebis intensifikacias, Sromis mwarmoeblobis amaRlebas da<br />
mniSvnelovani ekonomikuri efeqtis miRebas.<br />
amavdroulad aRsaniSnavia, rom daCqarebuli tempiT<br />
daZvelebuli Rvinomasalebi unda inarCunebdes Sesabamis bukets,<br />
Seferilobas da yvela im fizikur-qimiur parametrs, romelic<br />
axasiaTebs bunebrivad daZvelebul Rvinomasalas. dargSi<br />
arsebuli uaxlesi miRwevebi moyvanili da ganxilulia<br />
saqarTvelos saxelmwifo sasoflo-sameurneo universitetis<br />
soflis meurneobis eleqtrifikaciis departamentis da<br />
meRvineobis ganyofilebis mier Catarebul kvlevebSi, rasac<br />
ukanasknel periodSi mieZRna mravali samecniero Sroma.<br />
kvlevis mizani da amocanebi: iTvaliswinebs meRvineobis<br />
teqnologiuri procesebisaTvis eleqtromagnituri vibraciuli<br />
danadgarebis racionaluri konstruqciebis Seqmnas. dasaxuli<br />
miznis misaRwevad saWiroa Semdegi amocanebis gadawyveta:<br />
damuSavdes eleqtromagnituri vibraciuli danadgarebis<br />
axali konstruqcia;<br />
SeirCes vibrodanadgarebis marTvisa da kvebis racionaluri<br />
eleqtruli sqemebi;<br />
gamokvleul iqnes danadgarTa muSaobis reJimebi da SeirCes<br />
optimaluri varianti;
9<br />
ganisazRvros Rvinisa da sabrende spirtebis daZvelebis<br />
stimulirebaze rxevebis sxvadasxva eqspoziciaTa<br />
zemoqmedeba da dadgindes sasurveli optimumi;<br />
dadgindes eleqtromagnituri vibrodanadgaris<br />
saeqspluatacio maCveneblebi da moxdes teqnikur-<br />
ekonomikuri efeqtianobis gaangariSeba;<br />
Rvinisa da brendis mwarmoebelTaTvis momzaddes<br />
rekomendacia Seswavlili da damuSavebuli teqnologiuri<br />
inovaciis warmoebaSi gasavrceleblad.<br />
kvlevis meTodologia, midgomebi: eleqtromagnituri<br />
vibrodanadgaris gamocdis da eqsperimentuli kvlevebis<br />
umetesoba specialuri da Cveulebrivi eleqtruli manqanebisa da<br />
aparatebis gamocdis da kvlevebis analogiuria.<br />
eleqtromagnituri vibrodanadgaris eqsperimentuli<br />
kvlevebisa da gamocdisaTvis modernizebul iqna saqarTvelos<br />
saxelmwifo sasoflo-sameurneo universitetis soflis<br />
meurneobis eleqtrifikaciis departamentSi Seqmnili specialuri<br />
stendi.<br />
Catarebuli eqsperimentebis saSualebiT, eleqtromagnituri<br />
vibroamZravisaTvis dadgenil iqna denebis, Zabvebis,<br />
simZlavreebis, gragnilebis izolaciis, induqciurobebis da<br />
winaRobebis sidideebi. eleqtruli, magnituri da meqanikuri<br />
sidideebis Cawera ganxorcielda eleqtromeqanikuri<br />
oscilografis saSualebiT. rxevebis parametrebis gazomvisaTvis<br />
gamoyenebul iqna sxvadasxva saxis gadamwodebi, agreTve<br />
vibraciis gamzomi xelsawyo.<br />
vibraciuli danadgaris saimedoobis maCveneblebis da<br />
teqnikur-ekonomikuri efeqtianobis gaangariSeba Catarda
10<br />
saimedoobisa da ekonomikuri efeqtianobis gaangariSebis<br />
uaxlesi meTodikebis gamoyenebiT.<br />
kvlevis obieqti: Rvinisa da brendis warmoebis<br />
teqnologiuri procesebisaTvis gankuTvnili eleqtromagnituri<br />
vibraciuli bunkeruli danadgarebi da maTi marTvis sqemebi.<br />
mecnieruli siaxle: damuSavebulia energodamzogi<br />
eleqtromagnituri vibraciuli danadgarebi, romelic<br />
uzrunvelyofs danadgaris sadgaris (romelzec moTavsebulia<br />
rezervuari, kasri da a.S.) moZraobas rogorc ukuqceviT-<br />
winsvliTi, aseve xraxnuli traeqtoriiT. danadgarebSi<br />
gamoyenebuli axali konstruqciis eleqtromagnituri amgznebi<br />
arsebuli prototipebisagan gamoirCeva eleqtromeqanikuri<br />
parametrebis regulirebis sizustiT da rezonansul an<br />
rezonansulTan axlo reJimSi stabiluri muSaobiT. kerZod,<br />
vibrodanadgaris amgznebSi gamoyenebuli magnitogamtari<br />
prototipebisagan gansxvavdeba imiT, rom:<br />
vibroamgznebis Ruzis polusebi moZraobs statoris<br />
Reroebis polusebs Soris mudmivi sahaero RreCoebiT,<br />
riTac gansxvavdeba arsebuli vibroamgznebebisagan;<br />
vibroamgznebSi mizidvis Zala damokidebulia, rogorc<br />
mudmivi sahaero RreCoebis sidideebze, aseve misi polusebis<br />
aqtiuri farTis cvlilebaze;<br />
meqanikur rezonansSi muSaobisas, Ruzis gadadgileba ar<br />
iwvevs statoris polusebTan Sejaxebas;<br />
eleqtromagnituri vibraciuli danadgarebisaTvis<br />
Catarebuli Teoriuli da eqsperimentuli kvlevis Sedegad<br />
SerCeulia muSaobis optimaluri reJimi. Seswavlilia danadgaris<br />
zedapirze Rvinomasalebis vibrireba-aqtivizaciis procesi.
11<br />
dasabuTebulia meRvineobis teqnologiuri procesebis<br />
intensifikaciisaTvis gankuTvnili eleqtromagnituri<br />
vibraciuli danadgarebiT gamowveuli stimulirebis efeqti<br />
Rvinisa da sabrende spirtebis daZvelebaze.<br />
konstruqciebi da sqema daculia GEP2082B da GEP3180B<br />
saqarTvelos patentebiT gamogonebaze.<br />
samuSaos praqtikuli Rirebuleba: Tanamedrove pirobebSi,<br />
damuSavebuli vibrodanadgarebis konstruqciuli Sesrulebis<br />
simartive, momsaxureobis moxerxebuloba, liTontevadobis<br />
Semcireba, sruli avtomatizebis da mravalmxrivi funqciuri<br />
SesaZlebloba, maRali energetikuli, kargi saeqspluatacio da<br />
ergonomiuli maCveneblebi ganapirobebs imas, rom<br />
eleqtromagnituri vibraciuli danadgarebis gamoyenebiT,<br />
mniSvnelovnad Semcirdeba meRvineobis dargSi arsebuli<br />
problemebi da mewarmes miscems mniSvnelovan faqtiur wliur<br />
ekonomikur efeqts iseT xangrZliv sawarmoo ciklSi, rogoricaa<br />
samarko Rvinisa da sabrende (koniakiseburi) spirtebis daZveleba.<br />
ekonomikuri efeqtianoba gacilebiT maRalia axal,<br />
damuSavebul eleqtromagnitur vibraciul danadgarSi, romelic<br />
sabaziso danadgarze gaweuli danaxarjebis 78,5%-s Seadgens.<br />
samuSaos beneficiarebi (is uwyebebi da pirebi, vinc<br />
isargebleben miRebuli SedegebiT): samuSaos Sedegis<br />
potenciuri beneficiaria: kerZo seqtori – Rvinomasalebis<br />
mwarmoebeli kompaniebi; fizikuri pirebi da samecniero-kvleviTi<br />
institutebi, mkvlevarebi – samecniero SedegiT, SemoTavazebuli<br />
inovaciis Semdgomi srulyofiT da warmoebaSi gamoyenebiT<br />
dainteresebuli pirebi.
12<br />
samuSaos aprobacia: sadisertacio naSromis ZiriTadi<br />
Sedegebi moxsenebuli iqna saqarTvelos saxelmwifo sasoflo-<br />
sameurneo universitetis profesor-maswavlebelTa samecniero<br />
konferenciebze /1996-2004 w.w./; axalgazrda agrarikosTa I<br />
respublikur konferenciaze /q.Tbilisi, 1998w./; konstantine<br />
amirajibis saxelobis s.m. meqanizaciisa da eleqtrifikaciis<br />
institutis samecniero-praqtikul konferenciaze /q. Tbilisi,<br />
1999w./. damuSavebuli eleqtromagnituri vibaciuli danadgaris<br />
eqsperimentuli kvlevis Sedegebze dayrdnobiT Sedga praqtikuli<br />
amocana ssssu agrosainJinro fakultetis s.m. eleqtrifikaciis<br />
specialobis magistrebisaTvis – saganSi `eleqtromeqanika~.<br />
publikaciebi: disertaciis ZiriTadi masalebis mixedviT<br />
gamoqveynebulia 10 samecniero Sroma, romelTagan 2 warmoadgens<br />
saqarTvelos patents gamogonebaze. kerZod:<br />
1. eleqtromagnituri vibraciuli bunkeruli mowyobiloba<br />
meRvineobis teqnologiuri procesebisaTvis. saqarTvelos<br />
agraruli universitetis aspirantTa da xarisxis maZiebelTa<br />
samecniero SromaTa krebuli, II naw. Tbilisi, 1997. gv. 316-320;<br />
2. eleqtromagnituri vibraciuli bunkeruli danadgaris<br />
eqsperimentuli kvleva. saqarTvelos agraruli universitetis<br />
aspirantTa da xarisxis maZiebelTa samecniero SromaTa<br />
krebuli. III naw. Tbilisi, 1998. gv. 218-223;<br />
3. meRvineobisaTvis gankuTvnili vibraciuli bunkeruli<br />
danadgari. saqarTvelos soflis meurneobis mecnierebaTa<br />
akademia. samecniero-teqnikuri progresi saqarTvelos<br />
agrosamrewvelo seqtoris sainJinro sferoSi. Tbilisi, 1999.<br />
gv. 192-195 (Tanaavt.: maWavariani f., qsovreli n.);
13<br />
4. vibraciuli mowyobiloba. saqarTvelos patenti gamogonebaze<br />
GEP2082B. `saqpatenti~-s biuleteni #3, 2000 w (Tanaavt.:<br />
qsovreli r., didebuliZe a., qsovreli z.);<br />
5. eleqtromagnituri vibraciuli danadgaris dinamika. agraruli<br />
mecnierebis problemebi. samecniero SromaTaAkrebuli, t. XVII.<br />
Tbilisi, 2002. gv. 232-237;<br />
6. eleqtromagnituri vibrobunkeris saimedoobis gamokvleva.<br />
agraruli mecnierebis problemebi. agraruli mecnierebis<br />
problemebi. samecniero SromaTaAkrebuli, t. XVII. Tbilisi,<br />
2002. gv. 238-242;<br />
7. Rvinomasalebis dasamuSavebeli vibraciuli danadgari.<br />
saqarTvelos mecnierebaTa akademiis `moambe~, t.#10. Tbilisi,<br />
2002. gv.225-232 (Tan.: qsovreli r., didebuliZe a., qsovreli n.);<br />
8. eleqtromagnituri vibroamgznebi. saqarTvelos patenti<br />
gamogonebaze GE P3180B. `saqpatenti~-s biuleteni #20, 2003 w<br />
(Tanaavt.: qsovreli r., javaxiSvili g., qsovreli n.);<br />
9. kuTxiTrxevad Ruziani ortaqtiani eleqtromagnituri<br />
vibroZravas Tiristoruli marTva. agraruli mecnierebis<br />
problemebi. samecniero SromaTaAkrebuli, t. XXIV. Tbilisi,<br />
2003. gv. 93-96 (Tanaavt.: qsovreli r., didebuliZe a.);<br />
10. kuTxiTrxevadi eleqtromagnituri vibroamgznebis dinamikuri<br />
parametrebis gansazRvra. agraruli mecnierebis problemebi.<br />
samecniero SromaTaAkrebuli, t. XXXII. Tbilisi, 2005. gv. 153-<br />
156 (Tanaavt.: qsovreli r., maisaSvili l.).<br />
samuSaos moculoba: sadisertacio naSromi Sedgeba<br />
Sesavlis, 6 Tavis, daskvnebisa da rekomendaciis, gamoyenebuli<br />
literaturisa da danarTisagan. naSromi gadmocemulia 172<br />
nabeWd gverdze da moicavs 43 naxazs, 13 cxrils da 4 danarTs.
14<br />
Tavi I. sakiTxis Seswavlis mdgomareoba da<br />
kvlevis amocanebi<br />
1.1. Rvinomasalebis warmoebis da xarisxis<br />
gaumjobesebis aspeqtebi<br />
saqarTvelos ekonomikaSi meRvineobas tradiciulad didi<br />
xvedriTi wili eWira. igi qveynis biujetis Sevsebis erT-erT<br />
ZiriTad wyaros warmoadgenda, magram wina saukunis 90-iani<br />
wlebis dasawyisidan qveyanaSi Seqmnilma mZime politikurma da<br />
ekonomikurma pirobebma sagrZnobi zegavlena moaxdines dargis<br />
Semdgom ganviTarebaze. miuxedavad amisa, warmoebuli produqciis<br />
asortimenti – TeTri da wiTeli Rvinoebi da brendi<br />
(koniakiseburi sasmeli) ar Semcirebula. arsebuli teqnikuri<br />
potencialis gaTvaliswinebiT qveyanaSi SesaZlebelia 600 aTas<br />
tonamde yurZnis gadamuSaveba da 20...30 mln dekalitri Rvinis<br />
Camosxma, paralelurad SesaZlebelia 3 mln dekalitramde<br />
brendis warmoeba [58, 82].<br />
unda aRvniSnoT, rom 1996-2001 wlebSi msoflioSi yurZnis<br />
warmoeba 60...65 mln tonis zRvrebSi imyofeboda, liderobdnen<br />
italia, safrangeTi, aSS da espaneTi. rac Seexeba Rvinis<br />
warmoebas, igi 260...270 mln heqtolitris zRvrebSi meryeobda, da<br />
aq, zemoaRniSnuli qveynebi sul ufro naTlad grZnoben Rvinis<br />
axali eqsportiorebis (avstralia, argentiana samxreT afrikis<br />
respublika, Cile) aqtiur sabazro intervencias [85, 203, 208].<br />
Rvinis moxmareba msoflioSi saSualod 230 mln hl-s Seadgenda,<br />
ris gamoc SesamCnevi iyo produqciis siWarbe, amave dros<br />
izrdeboda moTxovna maRalxarisxian wiTel Rvinoebze. Seqmnili<br />
situacia naTlad aisaxa saqarTvelos meRvineobaSic, sadac
15<br />
mewarmeebi gadadian samarko wiTeli Rvinis warmoebaze, romelic<br />
gansakuTrebuli popularobiT sargeblobs Cveni qveynisaTvis<br />
tradiciul ruseTisa da ukrainis bazrebze (iq ZviradRirebuli<br />
samarko Rvinoebis seqtoris or mesamedamde qarTul Rvinoebsa<br />
da maT falsifikatebze modis).<br />
cnobilia, rom qarTuli Rvino, organoleptikuri<br />
TvisebebiT tols ar udebs evropul produqcias. saqarTveloSi<br />
saukuneebis manZilze moyavT yurZnis iseTi aRiarebuli jiSebi,<br />
rogoricaa: saferavi, kaxuri mwvane, rqawiTeli, xixvi, goruli<br />
mwvane, Takveri, cicqa, colikauri, ocxanuri safere, kraxuna,<br />
aladasturi, aleqsandrouli, mujureTuli, usaxelouri, Cxaveri<br />
da mravali sxva [24, 37, 198, 199]<br />
sabazro ekonomikaze gadasvlis periodSi RvinomasalaTa<br />
warmoebis da realizaciis sferoSi gaCnda axali tendenciebi,<br />
kerZod, dargSi Seicvala sagadasaxado kanonmdebloba:<br />
SemoTavazebul iqna Zalzed dabali Sesasyidi fasebi;<br />
saaqcizo gadasaxadiTa da saeqsporto baJiT dabegvras<br />
mogebis SesaZlebloba TiTqmis nulamde dayavs, rac cxadia<br />
zrdis Rvino-produqciis TviTRirebulebas;<br />
sistematuri xasiaTi mieca pirveladi produqciis<br />
mwarmoebelTaTvis, ZiriTadaT glexur da mcire fermerul<br />
meurneobebSi dasaqmebulTaTvis, anazRaurebis dagvianebas,<br />
rac sakmaod mZime pirobebSi ayenebs maT yofiT cxovrebas<br />
da, TavisTavad, qveynis ekonimikaze negatiur gavlenas<br />
axdens.<br />
arsebuli maRali sagadasaxado ganakveTi aiZulebs mewarmes<br />
gayidos warmoebuli produqcia `Sav bazarze~, romelic<br />
falsificirebuli da dabali xarisxis RvinomasalebiT aris
16<br />
gajerebuli. qarTuli Rvinoebis falsifikacias ewevian ruseTis<br />
federaciaSi, ukrainaSi, moldovaSi. amis simptomebi SeiniSneba<br />
azerbaijanSi, rumineTSi, bulgareTSi da TviT amerikis<br />
SeerTebul StatebSi, da es ar aris erTeuli SemTxvevebi, igi<br />
masobrivi gaxda. cxadia, rom arsebuli mdgomareoba<br />
saqarTvelos akargvinebs saerTaSoriso bazars, xolo<br />
saxelmwifo biujets - realur Semosavlebs. aRsaniSnavia, rom<br />
Rvino-produqciis gayidvaze aqcizis gadasaxadis done<br />
mniSvnelovnad dabalia im qveynebSi, romelTac msoflio<br />
bazarze mniSvnelovani adgili uWiravT, magaliTad, safrangeTSi<br />
igi aris 3%, xolo ungreTSi - 11% [46, 184].<br />
realobas ufro amZimebda warmoebaSi gamoyenebuli<br />
nedleulis cvalebadi xarisxi, Tanamedrove gadamamuSavebeli,<br />
fermentaciis da filtraciis teqnologiuri xazebis, davargebis<br />
srulfasovani teqnologiis ararseboba, aseve Camosxmis<br />
moZvelebuli teqnologia (mZime minis tara, Seuferebeli<br />
dizaini, plastmasis sacobi, mouwesrigebeli etiketi da a.S.),<br />
marketingis wesebis safuZvliani arcodna, rac saerTaSoriso<br />
bazarze didi konkurenciis pirobebSi ukana planze ayenebda<br />
adgilobrivi warmoebis Rvino-produqcias.<br />
jer kidev 1887 wels, cnobili sazogado moRvawe, ilia<br />
WavWavaZe aRniSnavda, rom `exla Cvens Rvinos sxva bazaric<br />
exsneba. eg bazari ruseTia. Cveni guliTadi rwmena es aris, rom<br />
Cveni Rvinoebi am dids bazarSi fexs moikidebs, Tu Cveni<br />
Zveleburi patiosani sagani Rvinis keTebisa ar SevcvaleT. am<br />
bazarma guli unda daajeros rom Cveneburi Rvino marTali<br />
Rvinoa; rom Cvens RvinoSi ara aris-ra, garda yurZnis wvenisa.<br />
Cveneburs Rvinis keTebas dRevandlamde amis meti sxva sagani ara
17<br />
hqonia. Tu hsurT, rom ruseTis bazarSi Cvenma Rvinom adgili<br />
daiWiros da evropuls yalbs Rvinoebs ajobos da gza<br />
daaclevinos, es marto imiT SesaZloa moxdes, rom<br />
gasamklaveblad evropuls yalbs Rvinos Cveni marTali Rvino<br />
pirSi wavuyenoT. aq Cveni gamarjveba ueWvelia, imitom rom ar<br />
aris qveyanazed kaci, romelmac marTali yalbs ar amjobinos,<br />
rac unda es yalbi samacduro iyos. Cvens Rvinoebs sxva imedi ar<br />
unda hqondes gauZlos evropiul Rvinoebis cilobasa: yalbis<br />
Rvinis keTebaSi Cven evropas ver daveweviT, gaswrebas vinRa<br />
ityvis. maSasadame, erTiRa dagvrCenia: marTlis Rvinis keTebas nu<br />
vuRalatebT~. ilia WavWavaZe aseve xazgasmiT urCevs im periodis<br />
mmarTvelobas, rom unda Camoyalibdes `azri, romelic, Cvenis<br />
fiqriT, safuZvlad unda daedos kanons Rvinis Taobazed, Tu<br />
hsurT, rom Sinaurma Rvinom gza gaikafos ruseTis bazrisaken da<br />
igi auarebeli fuli Sin ruseTSive dahrCes, romelic evropuls<br />
yalbs da mawyinars Rvinoebzed exarjeba dResa, da amasTan<br />
uwyinari Rvinoc svas xalxma. am xelsamZRvano azrs bevri sxva<br />
saWiroebac mosdevs, rom survili kanonisa uqmad ar darCes. am<br />
kanonebis vrclad SemuSaveba Cven azrad ara gvqonia da amitomac<br />
amiT vaTavebT~ [38].<br />
viTareba radikalurad Seicvala bolo aTwleulis<br />
ganmavlobaSi. gamococxlda Rvinis da spirtiani sasmelebis<br />
warmoeba, dafuZnda mravali kerZo kompania: `saqarTvelos<br />
Rvinisa da alkoholuri sasmelebis kompania – `GWS~,<br />
`korporacia qinZmarauli~, `Teliani veli~, `sarajiSvili~,<br />
`badagoni~ da a.S, romlebmac mniSvnelovani warmatebebi moipoves<br />
Rvinomasalebis warmoebaSi, misi sazRvargareT gatanisa da<br />
imijis Seqmnis saqmeSi. sagulisxmoa, rom Rvinis konkursebze
18<br />
sistematurad imsaxurebs oqros medlebs qarTuli Rvinoebi<br />
“axaSeni”, “xvanWkara”, “ojaleSi”, “mwvane”, “tviSi”, ”qinZmarauli”,<br />
“mukuzani”, “yvareli”, “saferavi”, “kaxeTi”, “alaznis veli”<br />
(TeTri da wiTeli). aRsaniSnavia agreTve, rom 2001 wlis<br />
dekemberSi, 15-wliani pauzis Semdeg, oqros medliT dajildovda<br />
qarTuli brendis (koniakiseburi sasmeli) Semdegi markebi:<br />
“varcixe”, “Zalian Zveli”, “eniseli” da “Tbilisi” [26, 27, 37, 201,<br />
202, 204].<br />
cxadad Cans qarTuli Rvinomasalebis eqsportis zrdis<br />
tendenciebi. Tu, 1997-99 wlebSi Rvinis eqsporti 12...16 mln aSS<br />
dolaris zRvrebSi imyofeboda, 2001 wels eqsportirebuli<br />
produqciis Rurebulebam 32,2 mln aSS dolari Seadgina, rac<br />
qveynis mTliani eqsportis 10%-s aRemateba /ix. cxrili 1.1/. es<br />
maCvenebeli gacilebiT ufro maRali iqneboda, rom ara, rogorc<br />
ukve aRvniSneT, uamravi falsificirebuli produqcia dsT-s<br />
bazarze. saqarTvelo, 2006 wels ruseTis mier gamocxadebul<br />
embargomde, ruseTis Rvinis bazarze samarko Rvinoebis (romelTa<br />
0,75 l tevadobis erTi boTlis fasi 5 aSS dolars aRemateba)<br />
gayidvis moculobis mixedviT, win uswrebda iseT qveynebs,<br />
rogorebic arian safrangeTi, germania, aSS, ungreTi, espaneTi,<br />
italia da a.S. sayuradReboa is garemoebac, rom izrdeba<br />
saqarTvelodan eqsportirebuli Rvinomasalebis xarisxic<br />
Camosasxmeli Rvinis boTlebSi CamosxmuliT Canacvlebis Sedegad<br />
[51, 60, 68, 187, 200].<br />
amgvarad, venaxebis farTobebis mixedviT saqarTvelo<br />
msoflioSi 22-e adgilze imyofeba, magram Rvinis warmoebis<br />
mixedviT ki pirveli 30 qveynis ricxvs ar miekuTvneba. es ki<br />
pirvel rigSi unda mivaweroT Cveni saxelmwifo statistikis
#<br />
19<br />
cxrili 1.1. msoflio mevenaxeoba da meRvineoba<br />
qveyana da misi<br />
adgili saerTo<br />
warmoebaSi,<br />
1999 w<br />
Rvinis<br />
warmoebis<br />
moculoba<br />
(mln hl)<br />
venaxebis<br />
saerTo<br />
farTobi<br />
(aTasi ha)<br />
venaxebis<br />
farTobi<br />
savargulebis<br />
farTobis %-is<br />
saxiT<br />
1 safrangeTi 64 871 4,5<br />
2 italia 54 871 7,9<br />
3 espaneTi 33 1163 6,1<br />
4 aSS 24 350 0,2<br />
5 argentina 13 250 0,9<br />
6 germania 12 102 0,8<br />
7 avstralia 9 79 0,15<br />
8 samxreT afrika 8 120 0,8<br />
9 portugalia 7 252 9,8<br />
10 rumineTi 7 255 9,8<br />
11 Cile 6 122 5,3<br />
12 CineTi 5 193 0,14<br />
13 saberZneTi 4 124 3,2<br />
14 ungreTi 4 99 2,0<br />
16 bulgareTi 2 107 2,4<br />
17 brazilia 2 57 0,09<br />
18 ruseTi 2 70 0,05<br />
19 xorvatia 2 55 3,5<br />
20 moldova 1,8 152 7,0<br />
21 uzbekeTi 1,5 102 2,1<br />
30 kviprosi 0,6 20 13,9<br />
31 saqarTvelo 0,2 60 2,0 (an 0,6)<br />
m s o f l i o 283 7426 0,49
20<br />
garkveul xarvezebs: yurZnis warmoeba saqarTveloSi xom 1999<br />
wels 220 aTas tonas Seadgenda, xolo saxelmwifo sabaJo<br />
departamentis monacemebiT Rvinis eqsportma qveyanas misca 14,6<br />
mln aSS dolari /ix. cxrili 1.2/; 2000 wels – 28,3 mln dolari,<br />
rac daaxloebiT 0,15 mln hetolitris tolfasia. gamodis, rom<br />
saqarTvelos Sida bazarze Rvino ar iyideba da daaxloebiT 180<br />
aTasi tona yurZeni midis CurCxelas an felamuSis<br />
dasamzadeblad an/da gamoiyeneba rogorc sufris yurZeni. unda<br />
vivaraudoT, rom 220 aTasi tona yurZenidan 1999 wels moxda<br />
daaxloebiT 1,5 mln hl Rvinis warmoeba, saidanac 1,2 mln hl<br />
gamoyenebul iqna Sida bazarze (24 l erT mosaxleze, rac<br />
safrangeTis moxmarebis donezea) [28, 53, 77, 205, 206, 207].<br />
udavoa, rom kerZo seqtorSi Tanamedrove teqnologiebze<br />
dafuZnebuli Rvinomasalebis warmoeba, Sesabamisad, xels uwyobs<br />
msoflio bazarze qarTuli Rvinisa da brendis aRiarebas,<br />
saxelmwifoSi mzardi ekonomikur-fiskaluri politikis<br />
gatarebas da, rac umniSvnelovanesia, soflad mosaxleobis<br />
damagrebasa da fuladi niSnebis mimoqcevis zrdas.<br />
1914 wels, udaod genialurad brZana niko nikolaZem – `da<br />
ai aq imarxeba ekonomikuri ZarRvi koleqtiuri vinifikaciisa:<br />
kargi Rvinis dayeneba, masze sagarantio aperaciebis SemoReba,<br />
Cveneburi yurZnis wvenidan saimedo saqonlis miReba da misTvis<br />
xelsayreli bazrebis mopoveba, erTis mxriv didaT Seuwyobs<br />
xels Cveni soflis kulturul-ekonomikur aRorZinebas [23].
21<br />
cxrili 1.2. saqarTvelos Rvinis eqsporti,<br />
aTasi aSS dolari<br />
# qveyana<br />
1999 weli<br />
%<br />
eqsp.<br />
jamTan<br />
2000 weli<br />
%<br />
eqsp.<br />
jamTan<br />
mateba<br />
+/-<br />
1 ruseTi 10.114 69,3 22.495 79,4 +12.381<br />
2 ukraina 1.527 10,5 2.850 10,1 +1.323<br />
3 aSS 1.108 7,6 831 2,9 -277<br />
4 niderlandi 806 5,5 - - -<br />
5 litva 273 1,9 231 0,8 -42<br />
6 yazaxeTi 207 1,4 735 2,6 +528<br />
7 estoneTi 190 1,3 86 0,3 -104<br />
8 latvia 139 1,0 245 0,9 +106<br />
9 TurqmeneTi 105 0,7 29 0,1 -76<br />
10 belarusi 43 0,3 276 1,0 +233<br />
11 iaponia 36 0,2 121 0,4 +75<br />
12 d/britaneTi 4 0,0 209 0,7 +205<br />
aTi wamyvani 14.522 99,5 28.079 99,1 -<br />
sul 14.602 100,0 28.326 100,0 +13724<br />
wyaro: saqarTvelos sabaJo; qveynebis pirveli aTeuli<br />
ranJirebulia 1999 wlis eqsportis Sesabamisad.
22<br />
1.2. eleqtromagnituri vibroamgznebebis<br />
konstruqciebis analizi<br />
sasoflo-sameurneo sawarmoo ciklSi gamoyenebuli<br />
eleqtromagnituri vibroamgznebebi Tavisi konstruqciuli<br />
SesrulebiT eleqtromeqanikurebTan SedarebiT gacilebiT ufro<br />
srulyofil danadgarebad miiCnevian, radgan eleqtromagnituri<br />
energia uSualod gardaiqmneba meqanikur moZraobaSi. amis gamo,<br />
vibroamZravebSi ar gamoiyeneba mbrunavi nawilebi (debalansebi,<br />
lilvebi, kbilanebi, sakisrebi) da adgili ara aqvs muSa<br />
zedapirebis cveTas. Sedegad, eleqtromagnitur vibraciul<br />
danadgarebSi saWiro rxeviTi moZraoba miiReba winaswari<br />
gardaqmnebis aucileblobis gareSe, rac saSualebas iZleva,<br />
umetes SemTxvevaSi, erT kompleqsSi gavaerTianoT Semsrulebeli<br />
organo da vibroamgznebi. amis gamo, aseTi mowyobilobebi<br />
xasiaTdebian maRali m.q.k.-iT [50, 93, 166, 172, 186].<br />
cnobilia sxvadasxva tipisa da daniSnulebis<br />
eleqtromagnituri vibroamgznebebi (emva), romelTa<br />
konstruqciuli Sesrulebis nairsaxeoba TiToeul konkretul<br />
SemTxvevaSi aixsneba maTi gamoyenebis TaviseburebebiT da<br />
gansazRvravs maT klasifikacias.<br />
moqmedebis principis mixedviT eleqtromagnituri<br />
vibroamgznebebi iyofian erTtaqtian da ortaqtian meqnizmebad.<br />
pirvelSi Ruzis amgznebi Zala moqmedebs mxolod erT mxares,<br />
romelic damokidebulia magnituri nakadis sidideze. im<br />
SemTxvevaSi, rodesac eleqtromagnitis gragnilis mkvebav cvlad<br />
dens periodis ganmavlobaSi gaaCnia denis Zalis ori maqsimumi –<br />
dadebiTi da uaryofiTi, xorcieldeba magnituri nakadis
23<br />
sididis orjer cvlileba, Sesabamisad nulidan maqsimumamde.<br />
magnituri nakadis zrdisas eleqtromagnitis Ruza miizideba<br />
gularaze, xolo Semcirebisas, drekadi sistemis aRmdgeni<br />
Zalebis meSveobiT, Ruza ubrundeba sawyis mdgomareobas, ris<br />
gamoc amgznebi Zalis sixSire utoldeba vibroamgznebis<br />
gragnilze miwodebuli cvladi denis gaormagebul sixSires da<br />
misi 50 hc sixSiris cvladi denis qselidan kvebis SemTxvevaSi<br />
Seasrulebs 100 rxevas.<br />
moqmedebis xasiaTis mixedviT arCeven rezonansuli<br />
moqmedebis emva-s. rezonansul vibroamgznebebSi, rodesac<br />
amplituda sahaero RreCos naxevarze meti SeiZleba gaxdes,<br />
adgili eqneba vibrodartymebs – dajaxebebs Ruzasa da stators<br />
Soris. danadgaris simtkicis da muSaobis normaluri reJimis<br />
TvalsazrisiT aseTi procesi aramdgradia. aseTi tipis<br />
vibroamgznebebi (rezonansuli), iTvlebian ra rxevebis agznebis<br />
mZlavr wyarod, gamoiyenebian eleqtromagnituri vibraciuli<br />
bunkerebis amZravad, Tumca gasaTvaliswinebelia, rom danadgaris<br />
elementebi ganicdian did dinamiur datvirTvas [1, 47, 115, 117].<br />
korpusis konstruqciuli Sesrulebis mixedviT,<br />
eleqtromagnituri vibrodanadgarebi iyofian Ria, daxurul,<br />
hermetiul da afeTqebad usafrTxo manqanebad.<br />
rxeviTi moZraobis mixedviT, vibroamgznebebi warmodgenili<br />
arian rogorc mcire, aseve didi svlis (sahaero RreCo 2-3 mm-mde<br />
da meti) mqone sworxazovan, wrewiris rkalze da xraxnuli<br />
traeqtoriiT moZrav danadgarebad [109, 185, 189].<br />
kvebis saSualebis mixedviT eleqtromagnituri vibraciuli<br />
amgznebebi SeiZleba daiyos Semdeg jgufebad [117, 121, 167, 168]:<br />
danadgarebi gammarTvelebiT;
24<br />
reaqtiuli danadgarebi mudmivi denis agznebis da<br />
gammarTvelebis gareSe;<br />
danadgarebi mudmivi denis SemagnitebiT;<br />
danadgarebi, romelTa agzneba xorcieldeba mudmivi<br />
magnitiT;<br />
danadgarebi, romelTa agzneba warmoebs mudmivi denis<br />
wyaros impulsebiT.<br />
sxvadasxava saeqspluatacio pirobebidan gamomdinare,<br />
gansxvavdeba emva-is rogorc masa–gabarituli maCveneblebi, aseve<br />
konstruqciuli Sesruleba da, ZiriTadaT, ganisazRvreba<br />
danadgarSi gamoyenebuli drekadi sistemis mravalgvarobiT.<br />
arCeven vibroamgznebebs foladis da sxva drekadi masalis<br />
furclovani resorebiT; xraxnuli, cilindruli an konusuri<br />
foladis zambarebiT. aqve aRvniSnavT, rom SedarebiT farTo<br />
gamoyeneba hpova ori tipis drekadma sistemam – brtyeli<br />
resorebiT da xraxnuli zambarebiT.
25<br />
1.3. ukuqceviT-winsvliTi moZraobis erTtaqtiani<br />
eleqtromagnituri vibroamgznebebi<br />
eleqtromagnituri vibroamgznebebis konstruqciaTa<br />
umravlesoba farTod gamoiyeneba soflis meurneobis sxvadasxva<br />
dargebSi. Tumca faqtia, rom didi liTontevadobis emva-bi,<br />
miuxedavad maTi maRali energetikuli maCveneblebisa, naklebad<br />
gamoiyeneba mobiluri manqanebisa da meqanizmebis amZravTa saxiT.<br />
isini ZiriTadaT xasiaTdebian, rogorc stacionalur pirobebSi<br />
momuSave danadgarebi [1, 30, 124, 125].<br />
naxaz 1.1-ze mocemuli erTtaqtiani emva Sedgeba gularas 1,<br />
Ruzis 2 da gragnilebisgan LM1, LM2, romelTa kveba<br />
xorcieldeba denis impulsebiT calnaxevarperiodiani<br />
gammarTvelidan VD. wredSi CarTuli maSuntirebeli winaRobis R<br />
regulirebiT SesaZlebelia eleqtromagnitis gragnilSi<br />
gamavali denis mdgenelebs Soris Tanafardobis cvlileba.<br />
amgvarad, winaRobis cvlilebiT SesaZlebelia naxtomiseburad<br />
vcvaloT amgznebis meqanikuri sixSire 50-dan 100 hc-mde.<br />
feromeqanikuri emva-s principialuri sqema naCvenebia nax.<br />
1.2-ze. aRniSnul sistemaSi arawrfivi induqciurobis L da wrfivi<br />
tevadobis C mimdevrobiTi mierTebiT da maTi sidideTa<br />
Sesabamisi SerCeviT miRweulia rTuli rezonansuli movlenebi –<br />
Zabvebis ferorezonansi da rxeviTi sistemis meqanikuri<br />
rezonansi. ganxilul eleqtromagnitur viboramgznebs gaaCnia<br />
simZlavris da margi qmedebis maRali koeficienti.<br />
vibroamgznebTa rig konstruqciebSi, mudmivi deniT<br />
Semagnitebis nacvlad, gamoiyeneba mudmivi magnitebi /ix. nax. 1.3/.<br />
am SemTxvevaSi, emva-is eleqtromagnitis gularaze 1
1<br />
26<br />
LM2<br />
LM1<br />
~<br />
nax. 1.1<br />
~<br />
2<br />
nax. 1.2<br />
LM<br />
C<br />
VD<br />
R
27<br />
daxveuli gragnili 4 qmnis cvlad magnitur vels. mudmivi<br />
magniti 2 drekadi sistemis 3 saSualebiT dakavSirebulia<br />
eleqtromagnitTan. konstruqciaSi meqanikuri rxevebis sixSire<br />
tolia mkvebavi qselis cvladi denis sixSirisa. aqve<br />
aRsaniSnavia, rom muSa organos gadaecema aramarto mimarTuli<br />
pulsirebuli Zala, aramed cvladi momentic [170].<br />
erTtaqtian emva-is rxevis amplitudis regulirebisaTvis<br />
SesaZlebelia gamoviyenoT marTvis avtomatizebuli sistemebi<br />
/nax. 1.4/. vibroamgznebi Sedgeba: eleqtromagnitis 1, kvebis<br />
blokis 2 – gragnili 3 da masTan mimdevrobiT mierTebuli<br />
kondensatoriT 4, feromagnituri Ruzis 5, drekadi elementis 6<br />
da Ruzis gadaadgilebis gadamwodisagan 7, romelic<br />
dakavSirebulia mas-is Sedarebis blokis 8-9 erT-erT<br />
SesasvlelTan, romlidanac signali gadaewodeba maZlierebels<br />
10 da marTvis blokis 11 gavliT ubrundeba kvebis bloks, riTac<br />
miiRweva marTvis ukukavSiriani sistemiT Ruzis rxevis<br />
amplitudis cvlilebis regulireba [166].<br />
aucileblad unda aRiniSnos, rom erTtaqtiani emva-sgan<br />
gansxvavebiT ortaqtian vibroamgznebebs gaaCniaT SedarebiT<br />
maRali saeqspluatacio da energetikuli maCveneblebi, Tumca<br />
konstruqciuli SesrulebiT, wona-gabarituli maCveneblebiT da<br />
liTontevadobiT, xSiri da Sromatevadi gawyobebis Catarebis<br />
aucileblobiT, sakmarisad CamorCebian erTtaqtian amgznebebs da<br />
ramdenadac, Cveni kvlevis sagans ar warmoadgenen ortaqtiani<br />
amgznebebi, maT konstruqciaTa analizs aRar vawarmoebT.
~<br />
2<br />
4<br />
11<br />
3<br />
N<br />
1<br />
28<br />
nax. 1.3<br />
10<br />
~<br />
nax. 1.4<br />
S<br />
4<br />
5<br />
6<br />
8 9<br />
7<br />
3<br />
2<br />
1
29<br />
1.4. eleqtromagnituri vibroamgznebebi<br />
kuTxiT-rxevadi RuziT<br />
ukuqceviT-winsvliTi moZraobis emva-sTan SedarebiT,<br />
kuTxiT-rxevad Ruziani amgznebebi gacilebiT naklebad<br />
gavrcelebulia da, Sesabamisad, maTi konstruqciaTa nairsaxeoba<br />
SezRudulia. miuxedavad amisa, msgavsi amgznebebi farTo<br />
gamoyenebas pouloben maTi ZiriTadi dadebiTi efeqtis gamo, rac<br />
gamoixateba imiT, rom Ruzis grZivi RerZidan muSa organos<br />
gansxvavebuli manZiliT damagrebis SesaZleblobis arsebobiT<br />
miiReba gadaadgilebis praqtikulad nebismieri amplituda.<br />
magram, rogorc Catarebulma sapatento Ziebam gviCvena,<br />
dReisaTvis arsebuli vibroamgznebebi mainc gamoirCevian<br />
konstruqciuli Sesrulebis naklovanebiT da saWiroeben Semdgom<br />
srulyofas warmoebis teqnologiur ciklSi maTi intensiuri<br />
danergvis mizniT [4, 6, 31, 97].<br />
cnobilia vibroamgznebis konstruqcia, romelic Ruzis<br />
naxevar-rgolebTan urTierTSejaxebis gamo gamoirCeva<br />
SezRuduli simZlavriT da rxevaTa gasaqaniT. masSi, sapirispiro<br />
polusebis amgznebi gragnilebi SeerTebulia mimdevrobiT, xolo<br />
Ruza Sesrulebulia ori aSkarad gamoxatuli polusebiT. Ruzis<br />
Tavdapirveli gadaadgileba erT-erT ukidures wertilSi<br />
miiRweva drekadi elementebis saSualebiT, romelTac Ruzis<br />
simetriuli mdgomareobis SemTxvevaSi gaaCniaT aramdgradi<br />
wonasworoba [118].<br />
korporacia `The Gillette Co.~-s mier, eleqtrosakreWis<br />
amZravad, dapatentebulia reaqtiuli emva, romelsac gaaCnia<br />
sapirispiro faziT rxeviTi moZraobaSi moyvanili ori rotori,
30<br />
rac mniSvnelovnad zrdis amgznebis liTontevadobas da<br />
gabaritul zomebs [54].<br />
rTuli konstruqciuli SesrulebiT da SezRuduli<br />
simZlavriT xasiaTdeba firma `seiko~-s mier SemoTavazebuli<br />
kuTxiT-rxevadi vibroamgznebi, romlis statoris gulara<br />
damzadebulia permaliisgan. misi agzneba uSualod xorcieldeba<br />
koWebis saSualebiT. Ruza Sesrulebulia mudmivi magnitisgan,<br />
romlis erT-erT boloze mimagrebulia mimwoli meqnizmi,<br />
dakavSirebuli xrutuna meqanizmis kbilanebTan. vibroamgznebis<br />
koWebSi mudmivi denis gatarebiT Ruza asrulebs rxeviT<br />
moZraobas, xolo xrutunas rgoli uwyvetad brunavs dasaxuli<br />
mimarTulebiT. warmodgenili vibroamgznebis feromagnitur<br />
Ruzas SeuZlia Seasrulos kuTxuri rxevebi. uZravad yofnis<br />
dros, Ruzas akavebs zambara im mdgomareobaSi, rodesac<br />
magnituri gamtaroba ar aris maqsimaluri. amasTanave, Ruzis<br />
uZrav mdgomareobaSi yofnis dros, wredi momarTulia<br />
rezonansis principze, riTac mcirdeba energiis danakargebi<br />
[149, 165].<br />
naxaz 1.5-ze naCvenebi eleqtromagnituri vibroamgznebisTvis<br />
damaxasiaTebel Taviseburebas warmoadgens Ruzis 2 da statoris<br />
3 monacvle polusebis gansxvavebuli forma. cilindruli forma<br />
aqvT mxolod 4-1, 4-2 da 4-3, 4-4 polusTa zedapirebs, xolo<br />
danarCeni ori wyvili 4-5, 4-6 da 4-7, 4-8 polusebisa isea<br />
gaTvlili, rom Ruzis saaTis isris mimarTulebiT mobrunebis<br />
dros Seqmnili momenti izrdeba iseTi kanonzomierebiT, rogorc<br />
4-1, 4-2 da 4-3, 4-4 wyvili polusebis mier Seqmnili momentis<br />
Semcirebis procesi. Ruzis sawyis mdgomareobaSi dabruneba<br />
xorcieldeba spiraluri zambaris moqmedebis Sedegad [170].
31<br />
nax. 1.5<br />
nax. 1.6
32<br />
vibroamgznebis Semdegi konstruqciuli Sesruleba /nax. 1.6/,<br />
ikvebeba samrewvelo sixSiris cvladi denis qselidan. igi,<br />
rogorc wesi, Seicavs kuTxiT-rxevad Ruzas, erTi an ori<br />
wyvili polusebiT, romelTagan TiToeuli monacvleobiT<br />
aigzneba cvladi denis cali naxevarperiodis ganmavlobaSi<br />
wredSi sapirispirod CarTuli ori naxevargamtaruli elementis<br />
VD1, VD2 xarjze. vibroamgznebis statorze ganlagebulia or<br />
wyvilad dajgufebuli oTxi polusi, raTa gawonasworebuli<br />
iqnes radialuri mizidulobis Zala da darCes mxolod<br />
tangenciuri [71].<br />
cxadia, rom zemomoyvanili yvela eleqtromagnituri<br />
vibroamgznebisTvis, romlebic Seicaven or stacionalur<br />
elements, Ruzas da stators da qmnian urTierTsawinaaRmdego<br />
mimarTulebis Zalebs an momentebs, yovelTvis arsebobs<br />
SesaZlebloba uari vTqvaT erT-erT gammarTvelze, Tu<br />
gamoviyenebT Ruzis ukusvlis zambaras an SevqmniT ukusvlis<br />
eleqtromagnitur Zalas, im momentSi, rodesac denis Zalis<br />
gadineba warmoebs erTaderT naxevargamtarul elementSi.<br />
kuTxiT-rxevadi emva-s originaluri konstruqciebi<br />
moyvanilia sxva literaturul wyaroebSi [33, 36, 64, 66, 69, 76, 91],<br />
Tumca zogierTi naklovani mxareebis gamo, isini SezRudulad<br />
gamoiyeneba mcire simZlavris danadgarebsa da meqanizmebSi.
33<br />
1.5. sasoflo-sameurneo produqtTa damuSavebisTvis<br />
gankuTvnili eleqtromagnituri vibraciuli<br />
bunkeruli danadgarebi<br />
ukanasknel periodSi, sasoflo-sameurneo produqtTa<br />
warmoebis teqnologiur procesebSi, eleqtromagnituri<br />
vibraciuli bunkerebis danergva metad aqtualur amocanas<br />
warmoadgens. maTi meSveobiT SesaZlebelia sxvadasxva formisa<br />
da masis produqtTa transportireba, dozireba, biostimulacia<br />
da a.S.<br />
dReisaTvis cnobili eleqtromagnituri amZravis mqone<br />
vibraciuli bunkerebi muSaoben mimarTuli rezonansuli<br />
sakidaris principiT. danergili konstruqciebi gamoirCevian<br />
bunkeris jamis zomebis (90...1000 mm) da maT mier moxmarebuli<br />
simZlavris (3...300 vt) cvlilebis farTo diapazoniT.<br />
eleqtromagnituri vibrobunkerebis klasifikacia warmoebs<br />
Semdegi ZiriTadi maCveneblebiT [94, 108, 109, 185]:<br />
1. eleqtromagnitebis ganlagebisa da xerxebis mixedviT:<br />
vibraciuli bunkerebi vertikalurad ganlagebuli<br />
eleqtromagnitiT;<br />
tangencialurad ganlagebuli ramdenime eleqtromagnitiT.<br />
2. drekadi sakidaris formebis mixedviT:<br />
bunkerebi erTi da mravalfeniani brtyeli drekadi<br />
elementebiT;<br />
cilindruli Reros mqone mrgvali zambarebiT.<br />
3. Zabvis cvlilebis saSualebaTa mixedviT:<br />
vibrobunkerebSi Zabvis regulireba avtotransformatoris<br />
gamoyenebiT;
34<br />
eleqtromagnitis koWaSi denis Zalis da Zabvis cvlileba<br />
mimdevrobiT CarTuli reostatis meSveobiT;<br />
wevis Zalvis cvlileba eleqtromagnitis sahaero RreCos<br />
regulirebiT.<br />
4. rezonansuli momarTvis regulirebis mixedviT:<br />
ganivi kveTis drekad elementTa inerciis momentis<br />
cvlilebiT;<br />
vibrobunkerebSi rezonansuli momarTvis regulireba<br />
drekad elementTa paketis rogorc sisqis, aseve raodenobis<br />
cvlilebiT;<br />
regulireba damatebiTi tvirTis gamoyenebiT.<br />
5. bunkeris damagrebis xerxisa da formis mixedviT:<br />
bunkerebi cilindruli formis jamiT;<br />
konusuri jamiT.<br />
eleqtromagnitur vibrodanadgarebSi dasamuSavebeli<br />
masalis gadaadgilebis siCqaris cvlilebaze zegavlenas axdens:<br />
1. avtotransformatoridan miRebuli Zabvis sxvadasxva<br />
mniSvnelobebi;<br />
2. mimdevrobiT CarTuli reostatiT eleqtromagnitis koWebSi<br />
gamavali denis Zala;<br />
3. magnituri nakadi;<br />
4. fazaTa Soris Zvris kuTxe.<br />
literaturulma mimoxilvam saSualeba mogvca Cagvetarebina<br />
arsebuli eleqtromagnituri vibraciuli bunkeruli<br />
danadgarebis konstruqciebis analizi.<br />
ssip – soflis meurneobis meqanizaciis da eleqtrifikaciis<br />
institutSi Seqmnilia abreSumis grenis gamajansaRebeli<br />
vibraciuli bunkeri [114], romelic Sedgeba cilindruli
35<br />
rezervuaris meqanikuri rxevebis amgznebi eleqtromagnitis,<br />
xisti sayrdenebis, drekadi elementebis da rezervuaris<br />
membranuli Zirisagan, romelzedac xistad mierTebulia<br />
eleqtromagnitis Ruza. vibroamgznebis statorze ganlagebulia<br />
orseqciani muSa gragnilebi. vibraciuli bunkeri ikvebeba 220v<br />
cvladi denis samrewvelo sixSiris qselidan, gaaCnia SedarebiT<br />
dabali simZlavris koeficienti da energetikuli maCveneblebi.<br />
aRsaniSnavia, rom rezervuaris rxevebis intensiuroba xels<br />
uwyobs abreSumis grenis gajansaRebis teqnologiuri ciklis<br />
Semcirebas.<br />
cnobilia vibrobunkeri [172], romelSic eleqtromagnitis<br />
koWa damWerebiT damagrebulia danadgaris sadgarze. Ruza isea<br />
Sesrulebuli, rom misi diametri faravs eleqtromagnitis<br />
polusebis mTel farTs. vibroamgznebis gawyobisas<br />
gasaTvaliswinebelia rxevis amplituda, e.i. bunkerSi<br />
moTavsebuli dasamuSavebeli masalis tyorcnis kuTxe.<br />
eleqtromagnitis koWa gadaadgildeba tyorcnis mcire kuTxis<br />
mimarTulebiT. danadgaris awyobas awarmoeben im dromde, sanam<br />
tyorcnis kuTxe bunkeris yvela wertilSi ar iqneba erTnairi. am<br />
SemTxvevaSi rxevis centri emTxveva bunkeris geometriul<br />
centrs, ris saSualebiTac Tavidan aris acilebuli danadgaris<br />
muSaobis SesaZlo arasasurveli reJimi.<br />
fxvieri masalebis transportirebisaTvis gankuTvnili<br />
vibraciuli bunkeri [94] Sedgeba sadgaris, sayrdeni cilindruli<br />
Reroebisagan (zambarebi), romelTa konusur daboloebaze<br />
dadgmulia disko bunkeriT. diskos qveS damagrebulia<br />
eleqtromagnitis Ruza, romelic Tavis mxriv ebjineba sadgars.<br />
vibrobunkeris ZiriTad dadebiT mxared miCneulia drekadi
36<br />
elementebis, kerZod, sayrdeni cilindruli Reroebis<br />
daboloebis diskos mimarT gadaadgilebis unari.<br />
aseve, cnobilia eleqtromagnituri vibrobunkeri [115],<br />
romelic Sedgeba Ш-seburi eleqtromagnitis gularasagan,<br />
mabruni RerZis, sadgarisa da Ruzisgan. sadgarze damagrebulia<br />
solenoidi, romelic Tavis mxriv mierTebulia eleqtromagnitis<br />
gularas ganapira Reroze, xolo gularas meore Reroze<br />
damagrebulia ukuqcevis zambara. qselSi Zabvis cvlilebis dros<br />
adgili aqvs rxevis amplitudis cvlilebas da miiReba<br />
stabiluri rxevis amplituda.<br />
sasoflo-sameurneo produqtTa warmoebis teqnologiuri<br />
procesebis avtomatizaciis srulyofisaTvis mizanSewonilad<br />
miCneulia vibrobunkerebTan erTad sxvadasxva daniSnulebis<br />
mqone vibraciuli danadgarebis gamoyeneba.<br />
Seqmnilia naRebis warmoebisaTvis gankuTvnili<br />
vibrodanadgari [1], romelic Seicavs cilindrul rezervuars,<br />
eleqtromagnitur amgznebTa jgufs, elastiur sakidars,<br />
CasatvirTs, sadgars RerZuli misadgmeliT, romlis saSualebiT<br />
SesaZlebelia rezervuaris dacla da garecxva. meqanikuri<br />
rxevebis amgznebebi erTmaneTs ukavSirdeba samfaziani bogas<br />
sqemis principiT. amasTanave, cilindruli rezervuaris<br />
zedapiris gaswvriv ganlagebul eleqtromagnitur amgznebTa<br />
jgufi dasamuSavebel produqts gadascems Semxvedr ukuqceviT-<br />
winsvliT rxeviT moZraobas. aRniSnuli vibraciuli danadgari<br />
miekuTvneba inerciul ZalTa zemoqmedebis Sedegad momuSave<br />
teqnikur sistemebs. masSi miRweulia dasamuSavebel masalaTa<br />
intensiuri gadaadgilebis procesi, Tumca Znelad xorcieldeba
37<br />
kavitaciis zRvars zemoT intensiuri meqanikuri rxevebis<br />
warmoqmna.<br />
gansxvavebuli kontruqciuli SesrulebiT xasiaTdeba<br />
sasoflo-sameurneo poduqtTa biostimulaciisaTvis gankuTvnili<br />
vibraciuli danadgari [114], romelic Sedgeba gofrirebuli<br />
membranis Ziriani rezervuarisgan, rac Tavis mxriv xistad<br />
dakavSirebulia eleqtromagnituri vibroamgznebis RuzasTan.<br />
danadgari uzrunvelyofs Txevad masalaSi aucilebeli<br />
intensiuri rxevebis ganviTarebas. konstruqciis naklovan mxared<br />
ganixileba eleqtromagnitSi mcire sididis sahaero RreCos<br />
arseboba, danadgaris rezonansul reJimSi muSaobisas Ruzasa da<br />
stators Soris Sejaxebis SesaZlebloba, agreTve xmauris<br />
maRali done.<br />
Catarebulma literaturulma kvlevam gviCvena, rom<br />
samrewvelo sixSireze momuSave eleqtromagnituri vibraciuli<br />
danadgarebis gamoyeneba xasiaTdeba rigi upiratesobebiT [1, 35,<br />
89, 124, 128, 129, 141]:<br />
emva-s kveba uSualod xorcieldeba 50 hc sixSiris mqone<br />
cvladi denis qselidan erTnaxevarperiodiani gammarTvelis<br />
gamoyenebiT;<br />
danadgarebs gaaCniaT martivi konstruqciuli Sesruleba da<br />
maRali saeqspluatacio saimedooba.
38<br />
1.6. eleqtromagnituri vibraciuli danadgarebis<br />
eleqtrokvebisa da marTvis eleqtruli sqemebis analizi<br />
eleqtromagnituri vibrodanadgarebis muSaobis reJimebis<br />
da, Sesabamisad, rezervuaris rxevis intensiurobis regulirebis<br />
sakiTxi, Rvinisa da sabrende spirtebis daZvelebis<br />
teqnologiuri procesebis warmarTvis srulyofisaTvis, metad<br />
aucilebelia.<br />
vibraciuli danadgarebis stabiluri da efeqtiani muSaobis<br />
maRalxarisxiani maCveneblebis uzrunvelyofisaTvis vibraciul<br />
amgznebTa kvebisa da marTvis eleqtruli sqemebis damuSaveba<br />
erT-erT ZiriTad amocanad miiCneva. amJamad, farTod gamoiyeneba<br />
erTtaqtiani eleqtromagnituri vibrodanadgarebis rxevebis<br />
ampliturdis regulirebis sxvadasxva saxis eleqtruli sqemebi<br />
[79, 80, 83, 86, 94, 154, 167, 169].<br />
nax. 1.7-ze naCveneb emva-Si eleqtromagnitis gragnilis<br />
mimdevrobiT CarTulia naxevargamtaruli diodi, ris Sedegadac,<br />
Ruzis mizidva gularaze xorcieldeba erTjer periodis<br />
ganmavlobaSi, e.i. Ruzis rxevebis ricxvi utoldeba qselis<br />
sixSires. 50 hc sixSiris qselidan kvebis dros vibroamgznebi<br />
uzrunvelyofs 3000 rxevas wuTSi. emva-s rxevis amplituda<br />
regulirdeba gragnilSi denis sididis cvlilebiT.<br />
emva-is eleqtrul wredSi /nax. 1.8/ CarTulia cvladi denis<br />
sixSiris regulatori. vibroamgznebis rxevis amplitudis<br />
regulireba SesaZlebelia avtotransformatoris an reostatis<br />
saSualebiT.<br />
Tumca, aseTi saxis sqemis gamoyeneba ZviradRirebuli<br />
sixSiris regulatoris arsebobis gamo naklebad mizanSewonilia.
39<br />
nax. 1.7<br />
nax. 1.8<br />
VD<br />
~ 50hc<br />
~ 50<br />
hc
40<br />
SedarebiT gansxvavebuli marTvis sqema gaaCnia nax. 1.9-ze<br />
gamosaxul emva-s, romlis koWa Sedgeba ori seqciisagan:<br />
pirveli seqcia ikvebeba cvladi denis qselidan, xolo meore<br />
gankuTvnilia mudmivi magnituri velis Sesaqmnelad.<br />
cvladi da mudmivi magnituri nakadebis urTierTqmedebiT,<br />
Zabvis rxevis erTi periodis ganmavlobaSi, majamebeli magnituri<br />
nakadi erTxel aRwevs rogorc maqsimalur, aseve nulovan<br />
mniSvnelobas. zemoaRwerili danadgarebisagan gansxvavebiT,<br />
ganxiluli emva-is rxevis amplituda regulirdeba<br />
avtotransformatoriT, gaaCnia maRali m.q.k. (cos1) da adgili<br />
aqvs mudmivi denis wyaroSi Zabvis transformacias.<br />
rTuli feromeqanikuri rezonansis movleniT xasiaTdeba<br />
nax. 1.10-ze ganxiluli emva. marTvis sqemaSi cvladi deniT<br />
mkvebavi eleqtromagnitis koWasTan kondensatoris paralelurad<br />
CarTvisas warmoiqmneba gansxvavebuli sixSiris avtorxevebi.<br />
kondensatoris tevadobis SerCeviT, sahaero RreCos mocemuli<br />
sididis SemTxvevaSi, myardeba denebis rezonansi da qselis<br />
Zabvis gansazRvrul mniSvnelobaze miiRweva Ruzis moZraoba,<br />
Tumca misi rxevis sixSire qselis sixSirisgan gansxvavebulia.<br />
eleqtromagnitis wredSi Zabvis zemoqmedebis qveS myofi<br />
kondensatoris mier dagrovili energiis amplituduri<br />
mniSvnelobis gazrdisa da Semcirebis procesi mimdinareobs<br />
mkvebavi qselis sixSirisagan gansxvavebul sixSireze. energiis<br />
cvalebadobis sakuTari sixSire damokidebulia rogorc<br />
tevadobaze, aseve meqanikuri sistemis rxevebis sakuTar<br />
sixSireze. amiT aixsneba wredSi CarTuli tevadobis zegavlena<br />
Ruzis rxevis sixSiris cvlilebaze.<br />
nax. 1.11-ze mocemulia ortaqtiani emva-s marTvis SedarebiT
41<br />
nax. 1.9<br />
nax. 1.10<br />
=<br />
C<br />
~ 50 hc<br />
~ 50<br />
hc
42<br />
srulyofili sqema, romlis drosac gamoricxulia denis<br />
simetriuli cvlilebis SesaZlebeli damaxinjeba da<br />
sagrZnoblad gazrdilia vibroamZravis simZlavre. misi kveba<br />
xorcieldeba cvladi denis qselidan calnaxevarperiodiani<br />
gammarTveliT. aRniSnuli sqemiT vibroamgznebis rxevis sixSiris<br />
regulireba garTulebulia, Tumca, dasaSvebia misi amplitudis<br />
cvlileba avtotransformatoris an reostatis gamoyenebiT.<br />
naxaz 1.12-ze gamosaxuli emva-is marTvis Tiristoruli sqema<br />
saSualebas gvaZlevs farTo zRvrebSi mdored vareguliroT<br />
eleqtromagnituri vibroamgznebis rxevis amplituda rogorc<br />
mcire, aseve didi simZlavreebis SemTxvevaSi. sqema xasiaTdeba<br />
maRali saimedoobiT, saSualebas gvaZlevs gamoviyenoT<br />
distanciuri avtomaturi marTva.<br />
miuxedavad arsebuli sirTuleebisa, eleqtromagnituri<br />
vibroamgznebis rxevis amplitudis regulirebisaTvis marTvis<br />
Tiristoruli sqemebis gamoyeneba perspeqtiulad miiCneva.<br />
kvlevaTa warmarTva emva-is marTvis Tiristoruli sqemebis<br />
srulyofisaken, warmoadgenen metad aucilebel, aqtualur<br />
amocanas [95, 96, 102, 104, 112, 134, 178].<br />
zemoaRwerili eleqtrokvebisa da marTvis eleqtruli<br />
sqemebis mimoxilvidan gamomdinare SesaZlebelia davaskvnaT:<br />
eleqtromagnituri vibroamgznebis eleqtrokvebisa da<br />
marTvis sqemebi saWiroeben Semdgom srulyofas maTi<br />
induqciuri datvirTvebis gaTvaliswinebiT;<br />
vibraciuli danadgarebis muSaobis reJimebis efeqturi<br />
marTvisaTvis mizanSewonilia Tiristorul sqemaTa<br />
gamoyeneba.
VD<br />
43<br />
nax. 1.11<br />
VT1 VT2<br />
nax. 1.12<br />
~ 50<br />
~ 50<br />
hc<br />
hc
44<br />
1.7. kvlevis mizani da amocanebi<br />
arsebuli literaturis da sapatento wyaroebis<br />
mimoxilvidan gamomdinare, Camoyalibebul iqna Casatarebeli<br />
kvlevebis miznebi da amocanebi.<br />
ramdenadac, samuSaos ZiriTad mizans warmoadgens<br />
meRvineobis teqnologiuri procesebisaTvis eleqtromagnituri<br />
vibraciuli danadgarebis damuSaveba, kvleva da am procesebSi<br />
maTi efeqtianobis dasabuTeba, sakiTxis Seswavlis mdgomareobis<br />
gaTvaliswinebiT dasaxul iqna rigi amocanebisa:<br />
1. meRvineobis teqnologiuri procesebis intensifikaciisaTvis<br />
eleqtromagnituri vibraciuli danadgarebis damuSaveba;<br />
2. vibrodanadgarebisaTvis eleqtrokvebisa da marTvis<br />
eleqtruli sqemebis damuSaveba agregatTa energetikuli<br />
maCveneblebis amaRlebis mizniT;<br />
3. eleqtromagnituri vibrodanadgarebis muSaobis reJimebis<br />
eqsperimentuli kvleva da miRebuli Sedegebis analizi;<br />
4. Rvinisa da sabrende spirtebis daZvelebis stimulirebaze<br />
vibraciuli rxevebis amplitudebis, sixSireebisa da<br />
sxvadasxva eqspoziciaTa zemoqmedebis Seswavla da sasurveli<br />
optimaluri variantis dadgena;<br />
5. vibrodanadgaris saeqspluatacio, energetikuli da<br />
ergonomiuli maCveneblebis da saimedoobis gaumjobeseba;<br />
6. danadgarTa ekonomikuri efeqtianobis dasabuTeba da<br />
Rvinomasalebis mwarmoeblebTaTvis rekomendaciebis<br />
damuSaveba.
45<br />
Tavi II. sacdeli eleqtromagnituri vibraciuli danadgarebi<br />
da maTi kvlevis meTodika<br />
2.1. sacdeli eleqtromagnituri vibraciuli danadgarebis<br />
konstruqciuli Taviseburebani<br />
vibraciuli rxevebis zegavlena Rvinis da sabrende<br />
spirtebis daZvelebaze Seswavlilia mravali avtoris mier;<br />
kerZod, dadgenilia amgvari fizikuri zemoqmedebis dadebiTi<br />
efeqti daZvelebis iseTi umniSvnelovanesi procesebis<br />
mimdinareobaze, rogoric aris eTerifikacia, acetalwarmoqmna da<br />
a.S. samwuxarod, eqsperimentulma danadgarebma, magaliTad,<br />
eleqtromagniturma avzebma, am procesebis gansaxorcieleblad<br />
dRemde ver naxes praqtikuli gamoyeneba, ZiriTadad<br />
vibroamgznebi danadgarebis rxevebis sixSiris da intensiobis<br />
regulirebis SeuZleblobis gamo [70, 74, 78, 130, 171].<br />
kvlevebis Catarebis dros sacdel obieqtad SerCeuli iqna<br />
saqarTvelos saxelmwifo sasoflo-sameurneo universitetis<br />
soflis meurneobis eleqtrifikaciis departamentis mier<br />
Seqmnili ukuqceviT-winsvliTi moZraobis erTtaqtiani<br />
eleqtromagnituri vibraciuli bunkeruli danadgari /nax. 2.4/.<br />
aRniSnuli vibrodanadgaris bazaze Seiqmna da damuSavda mTeli<br />
rigi axali konstruqciebisa, romlebsac ganvixilavT SemdgomSi.<br />
zemoaRniSnuli vibrobunkeris daniSnulebaa dasamuSavebel<br />
Rvinomasalas miawodos mimarTuli rxeviTi moZraoba, kerZod,<br />
uzrunvelyos muSa organoSi – rezervuarSi, kasrSi CatvirTuli<br />
sabrende spirtebis da Rvinomasalebis vibraciuli rxeva,<br />
erTdroulad, rogorc ukuqceviT–winsvliTi, aseve xraxnuli
1<br />
9<br />
4<br />
5<br />
2<br />
<br />
46<br />
nax. 2.4<br />
<br />
6<br />
7<br />
3<br />
8
47<br />
traeqtoriiT, rac SesaZleblobas iZleva danadgaris aqtiur<br />
masas mieniWos ori Tavisuflebis xarisxi, gadaadgildes<br />
vertikalurad da, amavdoulad, imoZravos xraxnulad<br />
vertikaluri RerZis garSemo [1, 17, 19, 172].<br />
sabazo vibrodanadgari /nax. 2.4/ Seicavs masiur sadgars 1,<br />
romelzec 20 0 -iani kuTxiT daxrili sworkuTxa drekadi<br />
elementebis 2 saSualebiT mierTebulia muSa organo 3<br />
rezervuariT 4. sadgaris centrSi, Tavis mxriv, damagrebulia<br />
eleqtromagnitis Ш-seburi gulara 5, xolo Ruza 6 xistad<br />
ukavSirdeba muSa organos. eleqtromagnitis koWa 7 ikvebeba<br />
cvladi denis qselidan rogorc sinusoiduri, aseve<br />
calnaxevarperiodiani deniT. vibraciuli bunkeris sadgari<br />
rezinis drekadi sistemis 8 saSualebiT ebjibneba sayrdens 9.<br />
warmodgenil eleqtromagnitur vibroamgznebs, rogorc sxva<br />
rezonansul manqanas, SeuZlia muSaobdes rogorc rezonansamdel<br />
reJimSi 0, aseve rezonansis Semdgom, rodesac 0.<br />
aRsaniSnavia, rom rezonansul reJimSi 0 muSaobis dros,<br />
vibraciaSi moyvanil sistemas eniWeba rxevaTa maqsimaluri<br />
amplituda, ris Sedegad, danadgaris rezervuarSi moTavsebuli<br />
siTxe iZens maqsimalurad did vibraciis siCqares da adgili<br />
aqvs fontanirebas (vibroduRils). Tumca, miuxedavad qselidan<br />
moxmarebuli minimaluri energiisa da maqsimluri wevis Zalisa,<br />
warmodgenili vibrodanadgaris muSaoba am reJimSi aramdgradia,<br />
Sedegad, igi xasiaTdeba dabali energetikuli da<br />
saeqspluatacio maxasiaTeblebiT, rac ganpirobebulia imiT, rom<br />
gularasa da Ruzas Soris sahaero RreCo mcire sididisaa, ris<br />
gamoc, Ruza ver aviTarebs ukuqceviT-winsvliTi moZraobis did<br />
amplitudas. ganviTarebuli rxevis maqsimaluri amplituda
48<br />
yovelTvis naklebia sahaero RreCos sidideze A m . amasTan,<br />
0<br />
rodesac A m adgili eqneba eleqtromagnitis Ruzis Sejaxebas<br />
0<br />
statorTan, rac iwvevs mowyobilobis muSaobis garkveuli<br />
reJimebis aramdgradobas da sabolood, muSaobis saimedoobis<br />
xarisxis Semcirebas. praqtikulad, ganxiluli vibraciuli<br />
danadgarisaTvis saukeTeso Sedegi miiReba, rodesac sistema<br />
momarTulia f s=50,5...51,5 hc sakuTari rxevis sixSireze samuSaod.<br />
zemoaRniSnuli naklovani mxareebis gaTvaliswinebiT,<br />
gawyobebis xSirad Catarebebis Tavidan asacileblad, damuSavda<br />
eleqtromagnituri vibraciuli danadgaris axali konstruqcia.<br />
kerZod, rxevebis amgznebad gamoviyeneT ssssu-is s.m.<br />
eleqtrifikaciis departamentis bazaze Seqmnili kuTxiT-rxevad<br />
Ruziani eleqtromagnituri amgznebi /64/ misi ZiriTadi dadebiTi<br />
efeqtis gamo, rac ganpirobebulia imiT, rom Ruzis grZivi<br />
RerZidan muSa organos gansxvavebuli manZiliT damagrebis<br />
SesaZleblobis arsebobiT miiReba gadaadgilebis nebismieri<br />
amplituda, aseve vibrodanadgaris rezonansul reJimSi<br />
muSaobisas Tanmdevi negatiuri procesebi praqtikulad<br />
gamoricxulia, gaaCnia funqciuri SesaZleblobebis farTo<br />
areali, maRali saeqspluatacio da energetikuli maCveneblebi<br />
[4, 29, 67, 69, 163].<br />
SemoTavazebuli vibrodanadgari /nax. 2.5; danarTi 3/ Seicavs<br />
sadgars 1, madempfirebeli zambarebiT 2, romelTa meSveobiT<br />
masze drekadad damagrebulia fila 3, xolo, Tavis mxriv,<br />
filaze xistadaa dayenebuli kuTxuri rxevebis vibroamgznebis<br />
korpusi 4, romelSic moTavsebulia uZravi statori 5 da moZravi<br />
Ruza 6 agznebis gragnilebiT 7. Tavis mxriv, moZravi Ruza<br />
moTavsebulia sakisrebian lilvze 8, xolo filaze xistad
16<br />
14<br />
15<br />
9<br />
49<br />
nax. 2.5<br />
10<br />
11<br />
12<br />
13<br />
8<br />
7<br />
6<br />
5<br />
4<br />
3<br />
2<br />
1
50<br />
damagrebulia sayrdeni, romelic Sesrulebulia vertikaluri<br />
drekadi elementebis 9, masze horizontalurad damagrebuli,<br />
erTmaneTis qveS ganlagebuli, zeda 10 da qveda 11 rgolebis,<br />
zeda 12 da qveda 13 diskoebis da maT Soris moTavsebuli<br />
drekadi elementebis 14 saxiT. sayrdeni dayenebulia lilvis<br />
garSemo garkveuli kuTxiT Semobrunebis SesaZleblobiT. zeda<br />
da qveda diskoebi sogmanis 15 saSualebiT xistadaa aseve<br />
damagrebuli lilvze, romelic horizontaluri drekadi<br />
elementebis saSualebiT ukavSirdeba zeda da qveda rgolebs.<br />
zeda rgolze dayenebulia rezervuari 16. qveda rgolze<br />
damagrebulia vertikaluri drekadi elementebi, romlebic, Tavis<br />
mxriv, dakavSirebulia filasTan.<br />
emva muSaobs Semdegi TanmimdevrobiT: winaswar<br />
rezervuarSi tvirTaven dasamuSavebel masalas. CarTaven<br />
kuTxuri rxevebis eleqtromagnitur amgznebs, ris Semdegac<br />
moZrav Ruzas, lilvisa da sayrdenis saSualebiT, moZraobaSi<br />
mohyavs rezervuari da, Sesabamisad, masSi CatvirTuli<br />
Rvinomasalebi. rezervuaris xraxnul-rxeviTi moZraoba miiReba<br />
agznebis gragnilebSi cvladi an impulsuri denis gavlis<br />
SemTxvevaSi, romelsac, cxadia, kuTxiT-rxevad moZraobaSi moyavs<br />
Ruza da lilvi, rac iwvevs vertikaluri drekadi elementebis 9<br />
neitraluri (vertikaluri) mdgomareobidan gadaxras garkveuli<br />
kuTxiT, magaliTad marjvniv, da aiZulebs horizontalur<br />
drekad elementebs 14 gadaixaros garkveuli kuTxiT<br />
neitraluri (horizontaluri) mdgomareobidan qvemoT. rxevis<br />
mimarTulebis Secvla, e.i. Ruzis mobruneba marcxniv,<br />
ganapirobebs drekadi elementebis moZraobas sawinaaRmdego<br />
mimarTulebiT; kerZod, rodesac vertikaluri drekadi
51<br />
elementebi 9 ubrundeba sawyis mdgomareobas da Semdeg<br />
gadaixreba neitraluri mdgomareobidan (-) kuTxiT anu<br />
sawinaaRmdego mimarTulebiT, am dros horizontaluri drekadi<br />
elementebi 14 imoZraveben qvevidan zeviT manZiliT x t,<br />
sadac<br />
- vertikaluri drekadi elementis sigrZea, m; da, Sedegad,<br />
drois im momentSi miaRwevs neitralur mdgomareobas, rodesac<br />
vertikaluri drekadi elementebi 9 daikaveben sawyis –<br />
neitralur mdgomareobas da Semdeg gadaixreba isev qveda<br />
mimarTulebiT kuTxiT. maSasadame, Ruzis kuTxuri rxevebi<br />
marjvena da marcxnena mimarTulebiT iwvevs horizontaluri<br />
drekadi elementebis, zeda 10 da qveda 11 rgolebisa da, cxadia,<br />
rezervuaris sinqronul rxeviT moZraobas, kerZod, xraxnul<br />
moZraobas.<br />
warmodgenili vibrodanadgari, romelic mravalmxrivi<br />
funqciuri da maRali saeqspluatacio maxasiaTeblebiT<br />
gamoirCeva, soflis meurneobasa da kvebis mrewvelobaSi<br />
masalebis maRalefeqtiani da xarisxiani vibraciuli damuSavebis<br />
saSualebas iZleva, Tumca, mcire simZlavris sawarmoo-<br />
teqnologiur ciklSi misi danergva naklebad misaRebia<br />
danadgaris damzadebaze gaweuli danaxarjebisa da didi<br />
liTontevadobis gamo [69].<br />
zemoaRniSnuli uaryofiTi mxareebis gaTvaliswinebiT<br />
eleqtromagnituri vibraciuli danadgarisaTvis damuSavda<br />
axali, naklebad liTontevadi magnitogamtaris konstruqcia<br />
/nax. 2.6a, 2.6b; danarTi 1, 4/, romelic xasiaTdeba gaumjobesebuli<br />
energetikuli, saeqspluatacio maxasiaTeblebiT da, Sesabamisad,<br />
mdgradi muSa reJimebiT [32, 34, 57, 59, 84].<br />
magnitogamtari warmoadgens `П~-seburi formis marTkuTxa
5<br />
5<br />
7<br />
7<br />
2-1<br />
2-1<br />
3-1<br />
3-1<br />
4<br />
4<br />
52<br />
<br />
0<br />
2<br />
1<br />
<br />
<br />
2<br />
nax. 2.6 a<br />
<br />
0<br />
2<br />
1<br />
<br />
<br />
2<br />
VD<br />
nax. 2.6 b<br />
6<br />
6<br />
3-2<br />
3-2<br />
2-2<br />
2-2
53<br />
gulars (stators) 1, romlis Reroebze 2-1 da 2-2 moTavsebulia<br />
denis gragnilebi 3-1, 3-2. gularas faravs Ruza 4, romelic,<br />
gansaxvavebiT sabazo vibrodanadgarisagan, dayenebulia gularis<br />
Reroebs Soris sahaero RreCoTi 0 2 da gaaCnia ukuqceviT-<br />
winsvliTi moZraobis SesaZlebloba. gulari damontaJebulia<br />
sadgarze 5, zolo Ruza, Tavis mxriv, xistad mierTebulia muSa<br />
organoze, romelic drekadi elementebis 7 saSualebiT<br />
dajavSirebulia sadgarTan. Ruzis sigrZe gularis Reroebs<br />
Soris manZilze naklebia. muSaobis sawyis periodSi Ruza<br />
gularis Reroebs Soris Ruzis polusebis simaRlis naxevriT<br />
aris CaSvebuli da misi maqsimaluri rxevis amplituda Ruzis<br />
polusis simaRlis naxevrs 2 utoldeba.<br />
unda aRvniSnoT, rom warmodgenili magnitogamtari sxva<br />
`П~- seburi prototipi magnitogamtarisgan gansxvavdeba imiT, rom<br />
warmodgenil erTtaqtian eleqtromagnitSi Ruzis polusebi<br />
moZraobs statoris Reroebis polusebs Soris mudmivi sahaero<br />
RreCoebiT 2 da mizidvis Zala F damokidebulia rogorc<br />
0<br />
mudmivi RreCoebis sidideze, aseve misi polusebis farTis S<br />
gadafarvis cvlilebaze, rac iwvevs Ruzis gadaadgilebas misive<br />
polusis simaRlis naxevriT 2 . absoluturi sizustiT<br />
gawyobili vibrodanadgaris Ruzis statoris polusebs Soris<br />
moZraobisas gamoricxulia maTi Sejaxeba, riTac izrdeba<br />
danadgaris aqtiuri masis – rezervuaris, kasris gadadgilebis<br />
SesaZlebloba 2,<br />
energetikuli maCveneblebi da muSaobis<br />
saimedooba.<br />
A m<br />
zemoaRwerili axali magnitogamtaris gaTvaliswinebiT,<br />
Seiqmna da damuSavda ukuqceviT-winvliTi moZraobis erTtaqtiani
54<br />
eleqtromagnituri vibraciuli danadgaris kidev erTi<br />
konstruqcia [35, 108, 112, 125, 130].<br />
unda aRiniSnos, rom sawyis etapze Catarda misi grafikuli<br />
eskizis da detalirebis samuSaoebi kompiuterze «3D-MAX»<br />
programuli uzrunvelyofis saSualebiT /danarTi 2/.<br />
nax. 2.7-ze moyvanilia damuSavebuli eleqtromagnituri<br />
vibroamgznebis principuli sqema, romelic Sedgeba sadgaris 1<br />
da masTan dakavSirebuli statorisagan 2, romlis Reroebze 11<br />
xistad damagrebulia gragnili 12, igi kvebas Rebulobs cvladi<br />
denis Zabvidan. statoris polusebi 9, Ruzis 3 TiToeul<br />
polusTan 10 magniturad dakavSirebulia sahaero RreCoebiT,<br />
xolo rezervuaris 14 sayrdeni 8 mierTebulia sadgarTan<br />
drekadi elementebis 13 daxmarebiT, rac saSualebas iZleva<br />
vawarmooT vibroamgznebze dayenebuli rezervuaris moZraoba.<br />
vibraciuli danadgaris sadgari rezinis drekadi sistemis 15<br />
saSualebiT ebjibneba sayrdens 16.<br />
SemoTavazebuli vibraciuli amgznebi arsebuli<br />
prototipebisagan [1, 17, 18, 19, 94, 100, 103] gansxvavdeba imiT, rom<br />
statori, rogorc ukve aRvniSneT, Sesrulebulia `П~-seburi<br />
magnitogamtariT, romlis Ruza moZraobs statoris SigniT,<br />
romelic lilviT 4 xistad mierTebulia gorvis sakisaris 5<br />
Sida diametrTan 6, es ukanaskneli gare diametriT 7 aseve<br />
xistad aris mierTebuli rezervuaris sayrdenTan 8 da mizidvis<br />
Zala damokidebulia aramarto sahaero RreCos 0 sidideze,<br />
aramed amgznebis polusebis 9, 10 zedapirebis farTebis S da S<br />
1<br />
2<br />
cvlaze. Sedegad, adgili aqvs rxevis amplitudis zrdas da<br />
statoris da Ruzis erTmaneTTan Sejaxebis ararsebobas, rac<br />
iwvevs vibroamgznebis liTonis moculobis Semcirebas da zrdis
U<br />
~<br />
VD<br />
<br />
12<br />
<br />
55<br />
<br />
nax. 2.7<br />
2<br />
3<br />
<br />
0<br />
2<br />
nax. 2.8 a nax. 2.8 b
muSaobis saimedoobas.<br />
56<br />
vibraciuli danadgari muSaobs Semdegnairad: cvladi denis<br />
momWerebze Zabvis miwodebis dros, statoris or mimdevrul-<br />
Tanxvedrilad SeerTebul gragnilSi gaivlis deni da Sesabamis<br />
magnitur konturSi warmoqmnis cvlad magnitur nakads Ф,<br />
romelic Seikvreba magnitur konturSi da moxdeba Ruzis<br />
mizidva F ZaliT zevidan qveviT, am dros drekadi sistema<br />
imoZravebs wriuli traeqtoriiT zevidan qveviT, Semobrundeba<br />
gorvis sakisari raime ( ) kuTxiT, xolo mkvebavi Zabvis meore<br />
naxevarperiodis dros, rodesac gragnilebSi deni ar gadis,<br />
gorvis sakisari mobrundeba ( ) kuTxiT, drekadi sistema da<br />
Ruza imoZraveben qvevidan zemoT. daubrundeba ra Ruza sawyis<br />
mdgomareobas, Sesruldeba harmoniuli rxevis erTi periodi.<br />
meore da Semdeg periodebSi denis gavla gamoiwvevs Ruzis<br />
mizidvas, xolo denis ararsebobis dros ganzidvas da ase<br />
harmoniulad daiwyebs eleqtromagnituri vibroamgznebis<br />
rezervuari da, Sesabamisad, masSi moTavsebuli Rvinomasalebi<br />
RuzasTan erTad rxevas cvladi denis sixSiriT.<br />
kerZod, nax. 2.8a SemTxvevaSi vibroamgznebis rxevebis<br />
sixSire, mkvebavi qselis samrewvelo sixSiris pirobebSi, tolia<br />
50 hc, xolo nax. 2.8 b-ze mocemuli sqemisaTvis, Ruzis rxevis<br />
sixSire f=100 hc toli iqneba.<br />
aqve unda aRiniSnos, rom kvlevis obieqtebi warmoadgenen<br />
ori – aqtiuri m a da reaqtiuli m r masis mqone rxeviT sistemas.<br />
vibraciaSi mosayvani sistemis eleqtromagnitis agzneba<br />
xorcieldeba rogorc sinusoiduri, aseve calnaxevarperiodiani<br />
deniT f=50 hc sixSiriT. aseTive sixSiriT mimdinareobs<br />
vibrirebadi sistemis rxevebi. rezonansuli reJimis
57<br />
dasamyareblad aucilebelia vcvaloT danadgaris<br />
eleqtromeqanikuri parametrebi – vibraciis sixSire, amplituda,<br />
drekadi elementebis sixiste, amasTan, pirveli ori sidide<br />
mdored, xolo sixiste – safexurebad. meqanikuri rezonansis<br />
dasamyareblad, saWiroa Sesruldes piroba, romlis Tanaxmad<br />
drekadi elementebis sixiste<br />
c<br />
m<br />
2 a r<br />
<br />
, n/m. (2.1)<br />
m<br />
a<br />
m<br />
m<br />
eleqtromagnituri vibrodanadgarebis sakuTari rxevis<br />
sixSire, vibraciuli sistemis masis da drekadi elementebis –<br />
resorebis sixisteze damokidebulebaSi gamoisaxeba Semdegi<br />
formuliT:<br />
sadac c – resoris sixiste, n/m;<br />
f<br />
1<br />
2<br />
m – vibrirebadi sistemis masa, kg.<br />
s<br />
<br />
c<br />
m<br />
r<br />
, hc, (2.2)<br />
sakuTari rxevebis sixSire mowmdeba da ganisazRvreboda<br />
bgeriTi generatoris saSualebiT. eleqtromagnituri<br />
vibroamgznebis Ruzas da gularas Soris sahaero RreCos<br />
SerCevis sizuste ganapirobebs danadgarebis karg funqciur da<br />
energetikul maCveneblebs /cxrili 2.1/. SedarebiT didi sididis<br />
RreCos SerCeva araracionaluria muSa organos rxevis mcire<br />
amplitudis da qselidan moTxovnili gazrdili simZlavris gamo<br />
[18, 104, 180, 196].<br />
vibroamgznebis koWas gragnilebis izolacia gaxurebaze<br />
mowmdeba danadgaris maqsimaluri (oTx saaTiani) datvirTviT<br />
muSaobis dros. koWis temperaturam ar unda gadaaWarbos 60 0 C.<br />
gamocdiT miRebuli Sedegebi akmayofilebs standartebs, romlis
58<br />
Tanaxmad muSa temperaturaze izolaciis winaRoba unda<br />
aRematebodes:<br />
r<br />
U<br />
1000 0,01S<br />
sadac U n – gragnilis nominaluri Zabva, v;<br />
n , momi, (2.3)<br />
iz<br />
S n – nominaluri sruli simZlavre, va.<br />
n
59<br />
cxrili 2.1. eqsperimentuli vibraciuli danadgaris<br />
teqnikuri parametrebi<br />
parametrebis dasaxeleba parametrebi<br />
danadgaris diametri, mm<br />
danadgaris masa, kg<br />
minimaluri 250<br />
maqsimaluri 320<br />
umciresi 5,0<br />
udidesi 8,0<br />
datvirTvis udidesi masa, kg 8,5<br />
danadgaris rxevis<br />
umciresi 1,5<br />
amplituda, mm udidesi 8,0<br />
carieli rezervuaris aqtiuri masa, kg 2,2<br />
sadgaris masa, kg 22,8<br />
rxevis amplitudis sixSire, hc 48,5...51,5<br />
sahaero RreCos sidide, mm 0,2...0,8<br />
drekadi elementebis kveTis forma sworkuTxa<br />
muSa Zabvis regulirebis diapazoni, v 60...220<br />
vibroamgznebis nominaluri deni, a 1,6<br />
dempfirebis koeficienti 5,4
60<br />
2.2. kvlevis meTodika<br />
eqsperimentuli kvlevebis ZiriTad mimarTulebebs<br />
warmoadgens meRvineobis teqnologiuri procesebisaTvis<br />
gankuTvnili axali konstruqciis eleqtromagnituri<br />
vibroamgznebebis dinamikuri parametrebis Seswavla misi<br />
sxvadasxva muSa reJimebis dros da energetikuli, ekonomikuri<br />
da ergonomiuli maCveneblebis TvalsazrisiT, maTi muSaobis<br />
optimaluri reJimebis dadgena, agreTve, vibraciuli<br />
danadgarebis konstruqciuli parametrebis gaangariSebis<br />
meTodikis Sesaqmnelad Teoriuli safuZvlebis dazusteba.<br />
eleqtromagnituri vibroamgznebebis kvlevisaTvis<br />
aucilebelia eleqtruli, magnituri, meqanikuri da Tburi<br />
sidideebis gazomva. Catarebuli kvlevebis meSveobiT<br />
ganisazRvra, sxvadasxva ZabviT kvebisas, danadgarebis mier<br />
moTxovnili denis Zalebi, simZlavreebi, gragnilebis<br />
induqciuroba da winaRoba, izolaciis winaRoba. magnituri<br />
sidideebis gazomva damokidebulia sahaero RreCoSi induqciis<br />
gansazRvraze. meqanikuri sidideebis gazomva warmoebda wevis<br />
Zalebis, Ruzis rxevis sixSireebis, vibrosiCqaris da<br />
vibrogadaadgilebis parametrebis droSi cvlilebis<br />
registraciis pirobebSi sxvadasxva saxis datvirTvis reJimSi [6,<br />
63, 105, 119, 133].<br />
ramdenadac, kvlevis ZiriTad amocanas warmoadgens Rvinisa<br />
da sabrende spirtebis warmoebis teqnologiuri procesebis<br />
intensifikaciisaTvis eleqtromagnituri vibraciuli<br />
danadgarebis racionaluri konstruqciis damuSaveba,<br />
kvlevebisas aqcenti aRebul iqna zemoaRweril rogorc
61<br />
ukuqceviT-winsvliTi, aseve kuTxiT-rxevadi moZraobis mqone<br />
amgznebebiT aRWurvil vibrodanadgarebze.<br />
Catarda Rvinomasalebis vibraciuli rxevebiT damuSavebis<br />
teqnologiis da teqnikuri saSualebebis gamocda<br />
eleqtromagnituri vibrodanadgarebis muSaobis racionaluri<br />
reJimebis, ekonomikuri efeqtianobisa da mwarmoeblobis<br />
gansazRvris da dazustebis mizniT.<br />
eqsperimentuli kvlevebisa da gamocdisaTvis damatebiT<br />
gamoyenebul iqna specialuri da Cveulebrivi saxis eleqtruli<br />
manqanebisa da aparatebisaTvis cnobili meTodikebi [15, 16, 56, 61,<br />
131, 133].
62<br />
2.3. eleqtromagnituri vibroamgznebebis eleqtruli<br />
parametrebis gazomvis meTodika<br />
eqsperimentuli kvlevebis dasaxuli miznebidan da<br />
amocanebidan gamomdinare Catarebul iqna eleqtromagnituri<br />
vibrodanadgarebis gamocda da dadginda rogorc maTi<br />
amplitudur-sixSiruli da fazur-sixSiruli maxasiaTeblebi,<br />
aseve vibroamznebebis maxasiaTeblebi sixSiruli marTvis<br />
sxvadasxva kanonebis realizaciisas [20, 43].<br />
gamocda Catarda saqarTvelos saxelwifo sasoflo-<br />
sameurneo universitetis soflis merneobis eleqtrifikaciis<br />
departamentSi Seqmnil specialur stendze /nax. 2.1/; sqemaSi<br />
mokledSerTul rotorian asinqronul Zravas M1 moZraobaSi<br />
mohyavs mudmivi denis generatori G1, romlidanac Zabva<br />
miewodeba damoukidebeli agznebis mudmivi denis Zravas M2,<br />
romlis lilvi xistad dakavSirebulia sinqronuli generatoris<br />
G2 lilvTan. reostatebis winaRobebis R1, R2, da R3 sidideebis<br />
Secvlis gziT, sqemaSi uzrunvelyofilia sinqronuli<br />
generatoris Zabvis U cvlileba 0-dan 250 v-mde diapazonSi,<br />
xolo cvladi denis sixSiris regulireba f=10...60 hc-mde<br />
farglebSi. unda aRiniSnos, rom stendSi CarTuli agregatebis<br />
simZlavre, kerZod, sinqronuli generatoris simZlavre<br />
SerCeulia ise, rom uzrunvelyofilia vibrodanadgarebis<br />
mdgradi muSaoba cvladi denis sixSiris regulirebis mTel<br />
diapazonSi.<br />
eleqtromagnituri vibroamgznebebis stendze gamocdisas<br />
eleqtruli da meqanikuri parametrebi dadginda Tanaxmad<br />
cnobili meTodikisa. emva-s muSa organos rxevis amplitudis
QF<br />
~380v<br />
n1=1450wm -1<br />
LG1<br />
63<br />
LM2<br />
M1 G1 M2<br />
P 22kvt<br />
1 S 21kva<br />
1<br />
+<br />
R<br />
R G1<br />
M 2<br />
+ -<br />
220v<br />
+ -<br />
220v<br />
nax. 2.1<br />
<br />
x<br />
nax. 2.2<br />
R<br />
maZlierebeli<br />
oscilografi<br />
LG2<br />
P 5,<br />
8kvt<br />
2<br />
-1<br />
n 2 1500wT<br />
G2<br />
YA<br />
f 10...<br />
60hc<br />
-<br />
R G 2<br />
S 4,<br />
5kva<br />
2<br />
-<br />
22v<br />
+
egistracia warmoebda nax. 2.2-ze moyvanili sqemis mixedviT.<br />
64<br />
agreTve gamoyenebul iqna induqciuri gardamqmneli /nax. 2.3/.<br />
masSi moTavsebuli mudmivi magnitis rxevis sixSiris sididis<br />
gansazRvriT davadgineT vibraciis intensivoba. vobrometris<br />
DBG-2E K4-2 da induqciuri gardamqmnelis L21F gamoyenebiT<br />
gavzomeT vobrosiCqare diapazonSi 0,1...100 mm/wm da mcire<br />
vibrogadaadgileba 2...200 mkm-mde, amasTan cdomilebam Seadgina<br />
15% [106, 135, 136, 138, 140].<br />
eleqtromagnituri vibroamgznebebis cvladi denis Zalis da<br />
Zabvis moqmedi mniSvnelobebis, qselidan moTxovnili aqtiuri da<br />
reaqtiuli simZlavreebis gazomva warmoebda kombinirebuli<br />
gasazomi kompleqtebiT R506 da K50. cvladi denis sixSire<br />
gaizoma eleqtronuli sixSirmzomiT XP-34.<br />
dasaxuli amocanebis Sesabamisad, oscilogramebis<br />
gadasaRebad SevirCieT oscilografi H117/1 ultraiisferi<br />
fotoCaweriT. ZiriTadad, yuradReba eTmoboda im faqts, rom<br />
mcire vibraciebi ar gadascemoda galvanometrebs, risTvisac<br />
isini irTvebodnen gaTvlil gare winaRobebze da warmoebda<br />
nulovani xazebis Cawera; amasTan, adgili ar hqonda nulovani<br />
xazebis gadaxras da talRiseburobas, risTvisac tardeboda<br />
gare vibraciis zemoqmedebis izolirebis RonisZiebebi.<br />
statikuri cdomilebebis Semcirebis mizniT da Caweris xarisxis<br />
asamaRleblad galvanometrebis sawyisi mdgomareoba saSualebas<br />
iZleoda sxivebis momarTvas Caweris sibrtyis marTobulad.<br />
Zabvis registraciis oscilografiuli galvanometris<br />
diapazonis SesarCevad gamoyenebuli iyo zRvrebis amomrCeveli<br />
P009 da P010, romlebic uzrunvelyofdnen galvanometrebis<br />
dacvas denebis gadatvirTvisagan.
65<br />
X<br />
nax. 2.3<br />
N<br />
S<br />
<br />
<br />
P
66<br />
2.4. meqanikuri parametrebis kvleva<br />
eleqtromagnituri vibroamgznebis Ruzis gadaadgilebis<br />
myisieri mniSvnelobis da amplitudis gazomva xorcieldeboda<br />
potenciometruli gadamwodis saSualebiT, romelic<br />
Sesrulebuli iyo ortaqtiani diferencialuri boguri sqemiT.<br />
vibrodanadgaris muSa organos rxevis procesSi Sesabamisad<br />
warmoebda potenciometris mcocis nulovani mdgomareobidan<br />
gadaxra, rac saSualebas gvaZlevda dagvefiqsirebina Ruzis<br />
gadaadgilebis da rxevis amplitudis mniSvnelobebi [40, 44].<br />
rxevaTa sakuTari sixSiris da milevis koeficientis<br />
gazomva warmoebda sistemis sakuTari rxevis milevis procesis<br />
oscilografirebis gziT, mas Semdeg, rac igi gamoirTveboda<br />
marTvis sqemidan [160].<br />
ramdenadac vibrodanadgaris amgznebi Zalis sidide an misi<br />
wevis Zalva warmoadgens sistemis meqanikuri, eleqtruli da<br />
magnituri parametrebis droze damokidebulebis rTul funqcias,<br />
gamartivebis mizniT SevizRudeT vibrodanadgaris wevis Zalvis<br />
gazomviT statikaSi sxvadasxva fiqsirebuli RreCoebis<br />
pirobebSi. Tumca, rogorc praqtikam gviCvena, wevis Zalvis<br />
gazomva da Cawera aucilebelia warmoebdes mxolod dinamikaSi<br />
[5, 92, 126, 138, 176, 194].
67<br />
Tavi III. Teoriuli kvlevebi<br />
3.1. ukuqceviT-winsvliTi moZraobis erTtaqtiani<br />
eleqtromagnituri vibrodanadgarebis<br />
Teoriis sakiTxisaTvis<br />
ukanaskneli periodis ganmavlobaSi soflis meurneobaSi<br />
sxvadasxva teqnologiuri procesebis efeqtianad marTvisa da<br />
mniSvnelovani teqnikur–ekonomikuri efeqtis misaRebad farTo<br />
gamoyenebas iZenen eleqtromagnituri vibraciuli danadgarebi.<br />
maT dadebiT mxareebs miakuTvneben konstruqciis da<br />
eqspluataciis simartives, mbrunavi da moxaxune nawilebis<br />
uqonlobas, maRal saimedoobas, xmauris dabal dones,<br />
xangamZleobas, Tumca maT gaaCniaT agreTve uaryofiTi Tviseba:<br />
SezRuduli funqciuri SesaZlebloba, kerZod, amplitudis<br />
meryeoba datvirTvis cvalebadobisas da sahaero RreCos mcire<br />
sididiT gamowveuli SezRuduli amplituda [1, 7, 39, 73, 116].<br />
eleqtromagnituri vibraciuli danadgarebi warmoadgenen<br />
iseT rxeviT sistemebs (Cveulebriv ormasians), romelSic muSa<br />
organos masebis moZraobis xasiaTi ganisazRvreba sistemis<br />
geometriuli da dinamikuri parametrebiT. maTi konstruqciuli<br />
Taviseburebani damyarebelia moqmedebis rezonansuli principis<br />
gamoyenebaze, rodesac vibroamZravis mcire amgznebi ZaliT<br />
SesaZlebelia muSa organoze mniSvnelovani Zalvis modeba.<br />
aRsaniSnavia, rom rezonansul reJimSi danadgaris mdgrad<br />
muSaobas ganapirobebs rxeviTi sistemis zusti gaangariSeba [48,<br />
61, 62, 87].<br />
meRvineobis teqnologiuri procesebis intensifikaciisaTvis<br />
gankuTvnili sakvlevi eleqtromagnituri vibrodanadgarebi,
68<br />
kerZod, danadgarebi ukuqceviT–winsvliTi moZraobis<br />
erTtaqtiani amgznebiT /ixileT, par. 2.4; nax. 2.4; 2.6; 2.7/, rogorc<br />
ukve aRvniSneT, ZiriTadad warmodgenilia Tavisuflebis ori<br />
xarisxis mqone ormasiani sistemis saxiT, sadac m2 danadgaris<br />
sadgaris masaa, da ebjineba mcire sixistis c 2, n/m, saamortizacio<br />
drekad elementebs, xolo danadgaris zedapirze damagrebuli<br />
rezervuari mocemulia m 1 masiT, romelic Tavis mxriv<br />
damagrebulia c 1 sixistis mqone drekad resorebze /nax. 3.1a/.<br />
aRvniSnavT, rom TiToeul masaze moqmedebs sididiT toli da<br />
faziT urTierTsawinaaRmdego Zalvebi. angariSis<br />
gasamartiveblad rxeviT sistemaSi arsebul winaaRmdegobis<br />
Zalebs droebiT ugulebelvyofT.<br />
Cveulebrivad, amortizatoris (rezinis drekadi elementi)<br />
sixiste gacilebiT naklebia ZiriTadi drekadi elementis –<br />
resoris sixisteze, ris gamoc harmoniuli amgznebi Zalis Fsint<br />
zemoqmedebis qveS myofi masebis moZraobis diferencialuri<br />
gantolebebi Semdeg saxes Rebuloben:<br />
m x<br />
c<br />
( x x ) Fsin<br />
t<br />
m x<br />
c<br />
y c ( x x ) Fsin<br />
t<br />
2<br />
2<br />
1<br />
1<br />
2<br />
2<br />
1<br />
gantolebis gasamartiveblad SemoviRoT aRniSvnebi:<br />
c c<br />
m<br />
1 2 <br />
2<br />
1<br />
1<br />
c c<br />
1 a ; b ; d<br />
m m<br />
F<br />
q ; q<br />
1<br />
2<br />
m<br />
1<br />
2<br />
2<br />
1<br />
2<br />
2<br />
F<br />
,<br />
m<br />
Tu (3.1) gantolebis kerZo amonaxsns<br />
x<br />
x<br />
1<br />
2<br />
A<br />
A<br />
1<br />
2<br />
sin t<br />
sin t<br />
1 , 2<br />
1<br />
1<br />
,<br />
wm<br />
<br />
,<br />
<br />
2<br />
kg m/wm . (3.1)<br />
2<br />
m wm . (3.2)<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
, (3.3)<br />
(3.2) aRniSvnebis gaTvaliswinebiT SevitanT (3.1) gantolebaSi,
x<br />
x 1<br />
x 2<br />
69<br />
F<br />
F<br />
C 2<br />
m 1<br />
m 2<br />
nax. 3.1a<br />
m<br />
nax. 3.1b<br />
C 1<br />
T C
2<br />
( a ) A<br />
2<br />
2<br />
70<br />
bA<br />
2<br />
A d ( d ) A<br />
1<br />
1<br />
q<br />
1<br />
q<br />
2<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
. (3.4)<br />
misi amoxsniT dgindeba danadgaris aqtiuri da reaqtiuli<br />
masebis rxevis amplitudis Semdegi Tanafardoba:<br />
A<br />
A<br />
q d ( a ) q<br />
2<br />
1 2<br />
1<br />
. (3.5)<br />
2<br />
( d ) q bq<br />
2<br />
2 1<br />
am gamosaxulebaSi (3.2) aRniSvnebis CasmiT da Sesabamisi<br />
SekveciT, vRebulobT:<br />
A<br />
A<br />
m<br />
c<br />
2<br />
1<br />
2<br />
2<br />
2<br />
m1<br />
2 . (3.6)<br />
rxeviTi sistemis sixSiruli gantolebis warmosadgenad<br />
ugulebelvyofT amgzneb Zalas, Sedegad, rodesac q1=q2=0 (3.4)<br />
gamosaxulebidan vRobulobT:<br />
( a<br />
<br />
) A<br />
bA<br />
2<br />
A d ( d ) A<br />
2<br />
2<br />
2<br />
1<br />
1<br />
0<br />
0<br />
<br />
, (3.7)<br />
<br />
da amplitudebi A 1 da A 2 Rebulobs nulisagan gansxvavebul<br />
amonaxsens, im SemTxvevaSic, Tu gantolebaTa sistemis (3.7)<br />
ganmsazRvreli tolia nulis:<br />
misi gaSliT da nulTan gatolebiT<br />
2<br />
a b<br />
0 . (3.8)<br />
2<br />
d d <br />
4 2<br />
( a d)<br />
d(<br />
a b)<br />
0,<br />
(3.9)<br />
vRebulobT rxeviTi sistemis bikvadratul sixSirul<br />
gantolebas, romelSic (3.2)-dan aRniSvnebis SetaniT gamovsaxavT<br />
sakuTari rxevis or sixSires:<br />
m ( c c ) m c<br />
2m<br />
m<br />
1 1 2 2 1<br />
1 1 2 2 1<br />
1 2<br />
1,<br />
2 <br />
<br />
, wm-1 . (3.10)<br />
1<br />
2<br />
m ( c c ) m c <br />
<br />
2m<br />
m<br />
<br />
<br />
1 2 <br />
2<br />
c c<br />
m m<br />
1<br />
2
71<br />
radgan c2
72<br />
x – sistemis masis gadaadgileba, m.<br />
erTmasiani sistemis iZulebiTi rxevis diferencialuri<br />
gantoleba Caiwereba saxiT:<br />
sadac<br />
2 Fsin<br />
t<br />
x<br />
2nx<br />
x , (3.16)<br />
m<br />
h<br />
n – milevis koeficienti, n/m kg .<br />
2m<br />
Tu gamovricxavT rxevis milevas, romelsac garkveuli<br />
mniSvneloba gaaCnia mxolod vibrodanadgaris agznebis periodSi,<br />
maSin rxevadi masis gadaadgileba damyarebuli iZulebiTi rxevis<br />
pirobebSi gamoisaxeba tolobiT:<br />
F 1<br />
x sin t<br />
2<br />
2<br />
m<br />
0<br />
2<br />
2 2<br />
4<br />
n<br />
<br />
1<br />
<br />
2<br />
4<br />
0<br />
0<br />
<br />
, m, (3.17)<br />
sadac – gadaadgilebasa da gare Zalebs Soris fazaTa Zvris<br />
kuTxe, romelic ganisazRvreba Tanafardobidan:<br />
tg<br />
2mn<br />
2<br />
<br />
<br />
n<br />
<br />
0 0<br />
<br />
. (3.18)<br />
2 2<br />
2<br />
0<br />
<br />
<br />
1 <br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
0<br />
<br />
F<br />
Tu davuSvebT, rom x , maSin (3.17) gamosaxulebidan<br />
st<br />
2<br />
m<br />
vRebulobT:<br />
A<br />
0<br />
x<br />
, m, (3.19)<br />
st<br />
2<br />
2<br />
2 2<br />
<br />
<br />
1<br />
<br />
2<br />
0<br />
1<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
4<br />
n<br />
<br />
<br />
sadac x – statikuri wanacvleba, romelic miiReba Zalis F<br />
st<br />
statikuri modebis SemTxvevaSi.<br />
4<br />
0
damokidebuleba<br />
koeficients , kerZod,<br />
<br />
A<br />
x<br />
st<br />
73<br />
A<br />
gansazRvravs dinamikurobis<br />
x st<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
1<br />
<br />
2<br />
2<br />
0<br />
1<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
2<br />
2<br />
4<br />
n<br />
<br />
<br />
4<br />
0<br />
2<br />
. (3.20)<br />
es sidide damokidebulia amgznebi Zalis kuTxuri<br />
(iZulebiTi) da Tavisufali rxevis sixSireTa fardobaze<br />
agreTve<br />
n<br />
<br />
0<br />
–ze, romelic xSir SemTxvevaSi Zalze mcirea.<br />
<br />
,<br />
0<br />
Tu sistemaSi rxevis mileva mcirea /nax. 3.2/, maSin amgznebi<br />
Zalis sixSiris zrdasTan erTad izrdeba, rogorc<br />
dinamikurobis koeficienti, aseve rxevis amplituda.<br />
aRsaRniSnavia, rom dinamikurobis koeficientis maqsimumi<br />
<br />
daZrulia abscisidan 1,<br />
Tumca es Zvra, rogorc ukve<br />
<br />
0<br />
avRniSneT, mcire sididisaa da (3.20) gamosaxulebaSi CasmiT<br />
0<br />
miaxloebiT ganvsazRvravT maqs. –s:<br />
0<br />
<br />
2n<br />
maqs. , (3.21)<br />
aqedan naTelia, rom dinamikurobis koeficientis maqsimumi<br />
milevis koeficientis n ukuproporciulia.<br />
rxevis maqsimaluri amplituda ganisazRvreba tolobiT:<br />
A<br />
maqs.<br />
x<br />
maqs.<br />
<br />
maqs.<br />
x<br />
<br />
maqs.<br />
2n<br />
<br />
0<br />
, m. (3.22)<br />
3.2 naxazidan Cans, rom rodesac amgznebi Zalis sixSire<br />
mniSvnelobiT mcirea sistemis rxevis sakuTar sixSiresTan
74<br />
SedarebiT, maSin dinamikurobis koeficienti 1<br />
(rodesac<br />
<br />
0) da iZulebiTi rxevebis amplituda miaxloebiT<br />
0<br />
gautoldeba x st –s. aseT SemTxvevaSi, amgznebi Zalis sin t<br />
statikuri moqmedebis gaTvaliswinebiT, SesaZlebelia nebismier<br />
dros sakmarisi sizustiT gamovTvaloT sistemis masis<br />
gadaadgileba.<br />
meore zRvruli SemTxvevisaTvis, rodesac >> 0, rogorc<br />
dinamikurobis koeficienti, aseve iZulebiTi rxevis amplituda<br />
xdeba Zalze mcire da saboloo jamSi nulisken miiswrafis<br />
(<br />
<br />
; =0).<br />
<br />
0<br />
milevis sxvadasxva SemTxvevisaTvis agebuli mrudeebi,<br />
zemoaRniSnuli orive zRvruli pirobisaTvis, sakmarisad<br />
uaxlovdebian erTmaneTs. aqedan gamomdinareobs, rom<br />
eleqtromagnituri vibrodanadgaris momarTvisas iZulebiTi<br />
rxevis amplitudis gaangariSebisaTvis praqtikulad ar xdeba<br />
demfirebis Zalebis gaTvaliswineba.<br />
naxazze 3.3 naCvenebia fazaTa Zvris kuTxis <br />
damokidebuleba amgznebi Zalis sixSireze sxvadasxva sididis<br />
milevis koeficientis SemTxvevaSi. (3.18) gamosaxulebis<br />
analizidan da, Sesabamisad, diagramidan Cans, rom rezonansis<br />
reJimSi amgzneb Zalasa da gadaadgilebas Soris fazaTa Zvris<br />
<br />
kuTxe udris , am dros<br />
2<br />
<br />
=1, tg=. rodesac<br />
0<br />
<br />
=0 da<br />
0<br />
<br />
=<br />
0<br />
gamosaxuleba (3.18)–dan vpoulobT 0=0; =. maSasadame,<br />
vibraciuli danadgaris rezonansamdel reJimSi muSaobisas<br />
fazaTa Zvris kuTxe icvleba 0...90 0 zRvrebSi, xolo rezonansis
75<br />
0<br />
0<br />
01<br />
.<br />
0<br />
n<br />
0<br />
02<br />
.<br />
0<br />
n<br />
0<br />
07<br />
.<br />
0<br />
n<br />
0<br />
10<br />
.<br />
0<br />
n<br />
0<br />
.<br />
0<br />
n<br />
0<br />
07<br />
.<br />
0<br />
n<br />
0<br />
10<br />
.<br />
0<br />
n<br />
0<br />
.<br />
0<br />
02<br />
.<br />
0<br />
n<br />
0<br />
01<br />
.<br />
0<br />
n<br />
0<br />
0<br />
n<br />
05<br />
05<br />
nax. 3.2
76<br />
nax. 3.3<br />
n<br />
<br />
n<br />
<br />
0<br />
0<br />
n<br />
<br />
0<br />
n<br />
<br />
n<br />
<br />
0<br />
0<br />
0<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
0.<br />
05<br />
0.<br />
01<br />
0.<br />
15<br />
0.<br />
20<br />
n<br />
<br />
0<br />
<br />
0.<br />
25<br />
<br />
0
Semdgom reJimSi – 90...180 0 .<br />
77<br />
aRsaniSnavia, rom sistemis muSa organos rxevis amplituda<br />
da mwarmoebluroba meryeobs farTo zRvrebSi, rac gamowveulia<br />
vibrodanadgaris momarTvis siaxloviT rezonansTan. rxevis<br />
maqsimaluri amplituda da, Sesabamisad, danadgaris moTxovnili<br />
minimaluri amgznebi Zalva iqmneba sistemis rezonansSi<br />
momarTvisas (e.i. rodesac = 0). Tumca, rezonansSi danadgaris<br />
zusti momarTvis dros rxevis amplitudis sidideze<br />
mniSvnelovan gavlenas axdens sistemaSi milevis cvlileba,<br />
romelic damokidebuli iqneba vibrobunkerSi CatvirTuli<br />
dasamuSavebeli produqtis masisagan.<br />
zemomoyvanilidan gamomdinare, rezonansul reJimSi<br />
momarTuli danadgaris mwarmoebluroba iqneba aramdgradi,<br />
amitomac misi sakuTari rxevis sixSire 0 SeirCeva amgznebi<br />
<br />
Zalis sixSireze meti sididis 1,<br />
e.i. danadgari,<br />
<br />
egredwodebul rezonansamdel reJimSi, muSaobs rezonansis<br />
mrudis aRmaval Stoze. rxevadi sistemis aseTi momarTva<br />
dasabuTebulia imiT, rom sakuTari rxevis sixSiris<br />
rezonansulidan mcire gadaxrisas mkveTrad mcirdeba milevis<br />
cvlilebaze sistemis mgrZnobiaroba. am gadaxras<br />
rezonansamdeli mrudis Stosken gaaCnia Semdegi upiratesobebi:<br />
optimalur reJimSi saimedo muSaoba gamowveulia zustad<br />
gaangariSebuli konstruqciis mqone vibrodanadgariT. sistemis<br />
muSaobis optimaluri reJimis parametrebi damokidebulia<br />
sakuTari rxevis sixSireze, rezervuarSi CatvirTuli<br />
dasamuSavebeli Rvinomasalis wonasa da moZraobis siCqareze,<br />
romelmac unda uzrunvelyos stabiluri mwarmoebluroba<br />
0
78<br />
rogorc uqm svlaze da datvirTvis arsebobis SemTxvevaSi, aseve<br />
qselidan moTxovnili minimaluri energiis dros. magram, Tu<br />
gaviTvaliswinebT meRvineobis teqnologiuri procesis<br />
moTxovnilebebs, vibraciuli danadgaris muSaoba uqm svlaze<br />
faqtiurad ar xorcieldeba.<br />
davazustebT, rom eleqtromagnituri vibraciuli<br />
danadgaris rezervuarSi CatvirTuli dasamuSavebeli masala<br />
(spirti, yurZnis durdo, yurZeni da a.S.) zemoqmedebas axdens<br />
rxeviTi sistemis or parametrze – sakuTari rxevis sixSiresa da<br />
milevis koeficientze. masalis wonis gazrdis dros<br />
umniSvnelod mcirdeba danadgaris sakuTari rxevis sixSire,<br />
amave dros, Zlierdeba sistemis mileva. rezonansamdel reJimSi<br />
momarTvisas am ori parametris cvlileba sistemaSi iwvevs<br />
urTierTsawinaaRmdego movlenas, kerZod, sakuTari rxevis<br />
sixSiris SemcirebiT sistema uaxlovdeba rezonansis<br />
mdgomareobas, rac, cxadia, gazrdis rxevis amplitudas, Tumca,<br />
meore parametris – milevis gazrda gamoiwvevs sawinaaRmdego<br />
moqmedebas. maSasadame, masalis wonis zegavlena vibrodanadgaris<br />
muSaobis reJimebze gansakuTrebiT Semcirebulia. ganvixilavT ra,<br />
rezonansis Semdgom reJimSi samuSaod momarTul sistemas,<br />
zemomoyvanili parametrebis cvlileba, sakuTari rxevis siSiris<br />
Semcireba da sistemaSi milevis gazrda danadgarze moqmedebs<br />
erTi konkretuli mimarTulebiT – amcirebs rxevebis sixSiris<br />
intensiurobas da, Sesabamisad, mwarmoeblurobas, romelic ar<br />
iTvleba mkacrad gansazRvrul sidided da SeiZleba meryeobdes<br />
garkveul zRvrebSi [20, 41, 72, 101, 123].<br />
eleqtromagnituri vibraciuli danadgaris rxevadi sistemis<br />
sakuTari sixSiris sworad SesarCevad da muSaobis mdgradi
79<br />
reJimebis uzrunvelsayofad aucilebel pirobas warmoadgens<br />
sistemaSi milevis procesis kanonzomierebaTa dadgena.<br />
ganvixiloT damyarebuli iZulebiTi rxevis procesSi<br />
amgznebi ZaliT F sin t<br />
warmoebuli muSaoba. amgznebi Zalis<br />
modebis wertilis siCqare:<br />
rxevis periodis<br />
E gamoiTvleba gamosaxulebiT:<br />
<br />
0<br />
x Acos(<br />
t<br />
)<br />
, m/wm. (3.23)<br />
2 <br />
ganmavlobaSi Sesrulebuli muSaoba<br />
<br />
AFsin<br />
<br />
E Fsin<br />
t<br />
cos( t<br />
)<br />
dt AFsin<br />
, (3.24)<br />
2<br />
romelic blanti winaaRmdegobis Zalis T moqmedebis Sedegad<br />
c<br />
gabneuli energiis E toli unda iyos drois igive SualedSi.<br />
Tu gavamravlebT winaaRmdegobis Zalas xdt–ze da movaxdenT<br />
integrirebas intervalSi 0–dan –mde, miviRebT gamosaxulebas<br />
erT ciklSi gabneuli energiisaTvis:<br />
2 2<br />
2 2 2<br />
hA <br />
2<br />
E <br />
hA cos ( t<br />
)<br />
dt hA<br />
. (3.25)<br />
2<br />
<br />
<br />
0<br />
E da E –is gatolebiT ganvsazRvravT amgzneb Zalas:<br />
hA<br />
F . (3.26)<br />
sin <br />
am gantolebaSi h=2mn mniSvnelobis CasmiT, vRebulobT:<br />
2Amn<br />
F . (3.27)<br />
sin <br />
maSasadame, winaaRmdegobis Zalebis dasaZlevad daxarjuli<br />
saSualo energia:<br />
2 2<br />
E<br />
hA 2 2<br />
W A mn , jouli. (3.28)<br />
2
80<br />
zemoTqmulidan gamomdinare SegviZlia aRvniSnoT, rom<br />
eleqtromagnitur vibraciul danadgarSi saWiro energiis<br />
danaxarjebi damokidebulia sistemaSi arsebuli winaaRmdegobis<br />
Zalebis sidideze.<br />
davazustebT, rom ukuqceviT-winsvliTi moZraobis<br />
erTtaqtian eleqtromagnitur vibraciul danadgarebSi amgznebi<br />
Zala iqmneba ZiriTadi muSa magnituri nakadiT, romelic<br />
warmoiqmneba Ruzisa da gularas Soris arsebul sahaero<br />
RreCoSi damamagnitebel gragnilSi cvladi an pulsirebuli<br />
denis gavlisas. procesis analizis ZiriTad sirTules<br />
warmoadgens is garemoeba, rom Ruzis moZraobis SemTxvevaSi<br />
icvleba sahaero RreCos magnituri SeRwevadoba, rac, Tavis<br />
mxriv, iwvevs gragnilis induqciurobis da magnituri nakadis<br />
cvlilebas. amitom TviTinduqciis e.m.Z.–is garda vibroamgznebis<br />
gragnilebSi warmoiqmneba, egreT wodebuli, moZraobis e.m.Z. es<br />
ukanaskneli iwvevs eleqtromagnitis gragnilSi gamavali denis<br />
sididis da, Sesabamisad, mis mier ganviTarebuli amgznebi Zalis<br />
cvlilebas. [14, 22, 42, 49, 107, 158].<br />
ukuqceviT–winsvliTi moZraobis erTtaqtiani<br />
eleqtromagnituri amgznebis Ruzis moZraoba gamoisaxeba<br />
gantolebiT:<br />
2<br />
d x c<br />
dx<br />
<br />
cx Fx,<br />
i,<br />
(3.29)<br />
dt dt<br />
m 2<br />
xolo eleqtromagnitis koWaSi gamavali denisaTvis i, vwerT:<br />
sadac Ut U 0 sin t<br />
di<br />
L Ri Ut,<br />
(3.30)<br />
dt<br />
– vibroamgznebis gragnilze modebuli<br />
sinusoiduri Zabva, v;
. m – Ruzis da masze mierTebuli muSa organos masa, kg;<br />
81<br />
c – drekadi elementebis sixiste, n/m;<br />
– gare winaaRmdegobis koeficienti;<br />
– drekadi elementis Sida winaaRmdegobis koeficienti;<br />
L – eleqtromagnitis gragnilis induqciuroba, hn;<br />
x – statikuri wonasworobis mdgomareobidan Ruzis<br />
gadaadgileba, m;<br />
R – eleqtromagnitis wredis aqtiuri winaRoba, omi.<br />
aRsaniSnavia, rom induqciuroba L damokidebulia<br />
gadaadgilebaze, ramdenadac Ruzis gadaadgilebisas icvleba<br />
sahaero RreCos sidide [122, 144, 147]. miaxloebiT SeiZleba<br />
miviRoT, rom<br />
L<br />
L<br />
x<br />
1<br />
<br />
x<br />
0 , hn, (3.31)<br />
sadac L0 – induqciuroba eleqtromagnitis Ruzis Sualeduri<br />
mdgomareobis dros, hn;<br />
x0 – sahaero RreCos Sualeduri sidide, mm.<br />
histerezisze danakargebis gaTvaliswinebis gareSe<br />
vibroamgznebis wevis Zalva x, i<br />
saidanac<br />
0<br />
F SeiZleba miviRoT tolobidan:<br />
2<br />
Li<br />
id<br />
F<br />
dx , Li , (3.32)<br />
2<br />
F<br />
x, i<br />
2<br />
2 2 2<br />
i dL i L <br />
. (3.33)<br />
2 dx 2L<br />
2L<br />
sadac – induqciurobis modulaciis koeficienti,<br />
<br />
L <br />
0 <br />
2 <br />
<br />
1<br />
L<br />
min.<br />
<br />
2<br />
L<br />
1<br />
maqs.<br />
0<br />
<br />
. (3.34)
82<br />
(3.30) gantolebaSi Li CasmiT vRebulobT:<br />
d<br />
R<br />
U<br />
dt L<br />
sadac – nakadTgadabmuloba, vb.<br />
t , (3.35)<br />
Tu statikuri wonasworobis mdgomareobidan Ruza<br />
daZrulia manZiliT:<br />
x<br />
0<br />
F0<br />
, m, (3.36)<br />
2<br />
2<br />
2 c<br />
sadac – axasiaTebs sistemis rezonansul Tvisebebs, am<br />
2<br />
m<br />
SemTxvevisaTvis vibroamgznebi irxeva sixSiriT 2.<br />
kvlevebi gviCvenebs, rom denis Zala, amgznebi Zala da<br />
Ruzis gadaadgileba damokidebulia aseve vibroamgznebis<br />
momarTvaze, e.i. meqanikuri sistemis amgznebi Zalis sixSirisa da<br />
Tavisufali rxevis fardobaze. vibroamgznebis Ruzis<br />
gadaadgilebas gaaCnia mcire sididis amplitudebis mqone<br />
umaRlesi harmonikebi. unda aRiniSnos, rom eleqtromagnituri<br />
vibraciuli danadgaris ZiriTad rezonansSi momarTvisas<br />
aqtiuri winaRobis gaTvaliswineba azrs kargavs [151, 155, 191].
83<br />
3.2. vibraciuli danadgari kuTxiT-rxevad<br />
Ruziani amgznebiT<br />
meRvineobis teqnologiuri procesebisaTvis gankuTvnili<br />
eleqtromagnituri avzebi da vibrobunkerebi warmodgenili arian<br />
rigi uaryofiTi mxareebiT; kerZod, SezRudulia maTi<br />
amplitudis diapazoni sahaero RreCos mcire sididis gamo da<br />
rogorc Sedegi, xasiaTdebian arastabiluri muSaobiT<br />
rezonansis wina reJimSi.<br />
rogorc ukve aRvniSneT, saqarTvelos saxelmwifo sasoflo-<br />
sameurneo universitetis soflis meurneobis eleqtrifikaciis<br />
departamentSi damuSavda energodamzogi eleqtromagnituri<br />
vibraciuli danadgari, romlis amgznebad gamoyenebulia<br />
kuTxiT–rxevad Ruziani vibratori /ixileT par. 2.4; nax. 2.5/ [30,<br />
36, 52, 55], romlis Ruzis kuTxuri rxevebi marjvniv da marcxniv<br />
ganapirobebs bunkeruli danadgaris aqtiuri nawilis<br />
(rezervuaris) xraxnul–rxeviT moZraobas. vibrodanadgari<br />
uzrunvelyofs rezonansis wina an rezonansul reJimSi<br />
stabiluri muSaobas, aviTarebs moZraobis did amplitudas,<br />
gaaCnia funqciuri SesaZleblobebis didi areali, maRali<br />
saeqspluatacio, energetikuli da ergonomiuli maCveneblebi.<br />
kuTxiT-rxevad Ruzian eleqtromagnitur vibroamgznebs<br />
gaaCnia cvladi denis ori A, B koWa erTnaeri xviaTa ricxviT.<br />
maTSi gaedineba sididiT toli da erTmaneTis mimarT 180 0 –iani<br />
kuTxiT daZruli denebi I I 2 , romlebic warmoqmnian<br />
I A B<br />
sawinaaRmdego momarTulebis mqone faziT daZrul mbrunav<br />
amgzneb momentebs M, rac ganpirobebulia polusebis ganivi da<br />
grZivi magnituri gamtareblobiT.
84<br />
vibrodanadgaris moZraobis diferencialuri gantoleba<br />
SeiZleba warmovadginoT gamosaxulebiT:<br />
j h<br />
c<br />
Msin<br />
t<br />
, (3.37)<br />
sadac j – inerciis momenti vibroamgznebis lilvis mimarT, kgm 2 ;<br />
h – sistemis blanti winaRobis eqvivalenturi koeficienti;<br />
c – drekadi elementebis sixiste, n/m;<br />
– iZulebiTi kuTxuri sixSire, wm -1 .<br />
Tu CavTvliT, rom vibraciuli danadgaris rxeviTi moZraoba<br />
damyarebul reJimSi harmoniulia,<br />
xolo<br />
sin t<br />
m<br />
<br />
, (3.38)<br />
M c<br />
<br />
, (3.39)<br />
m<br />
2<br />
2<br />
2<br />
2<br />
1<br />
<br />
2 2n<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
2 <br />
0<br />
0<br />
<br />
sadac m – iZulebiTi rxevis amplituda zeda da qveda<br />
0 <br />
c<br />
j<br />
rgolebs an rezervuaris horizontis mimarT;<br />
– sistemis sakuTari kuTxuri sixSire, wm-1 ;<br />
h<br />
2n – milevis koeficienti;<br />
j<br />
2n<br />
arctg – fazaTa Zvris kuTxe mbrunav amgzneb moments M<br />
2<br />
<br />
2<br />
0<br />
da gadaadgilebas Soris,<br />
maSin vibrodanadgaris rezervuaris harmoniuli rxeva<br />
horizontis mimarT aRiwereba misi materialuri N wertilis<br />
moZraobiT Semdegi gamosaxulebiT:<br />
x R sin t<br />
, (3.40)<br />
y R cost<br />
, (3.41)
85<br />
sadac R – rezervuaris radiusia, m;<br />
b – wertilis gadaadgileba, m;<br />
x,y,z – koordinatTa sistemis RerZis xazebi.<br />
z bt . (3.42)<br />
gamosaxulebidan (3.67) Cans, rom rezervuaris N wertilis<br />
2 <br />
proeqcia xoy sibrtyeze drois periodSi , wm, asaxavs<br />
<br />
garSemowerilobas R da RerZis z mimarT gadaadgildeba<br />
sididiT:<br />
2<br />
b , m wm , (3.43)<br />
<br />
romelic cilindruli rezervuaris (bunkeris) xraxnul bijs<br />
warmoadgens.<br />
rezervuaris N wertilis moZraobis kanonis misaRebad<br />
vTvliT, rom<br />
dx Rsin<br />
t<br />
,<br />
dy Rcos<br />
t<br />
, (3.44)<br />
dz bdt .<br />
N wertilis diferencialisaTvis gvaqvs:<br />
2<br />
2<br />
2<br />
dx dy dz<br />
tolobis integrirebiT miviRebT:<br />
sadac c – integrirebis midmivaa.<br />
d <br />
. (3.45)<br />
2 2 2<br />
R b t c<br />
(3.46)<br />
ukanaskneli gamosaxuleba asaxavs rezervuaris N wertilis<br />
rxeviT moZraobas t droSi.
86<br />
3.3. Rvinomasalebis dasamuSavebeli vibraciuli<br />
danadgarebis Tiristoruli marTva<br />
swrafad ganviTarebadi teqnikuri progresis amocanebi<br />
iTvaliswineben eleqtroteqnikur sistemaTa da manqana-<br />
danadgarebis muSaobis reJimebis regulirebisaTvis efeqturi da<br />
energodamzogi marTvis Tiristoruli sqemebis gamoyenebas [31,<br />
101, 168].<br />
eleqtromagnituri vibraciuli danadgaris Tiristoruli<br />
marTviT vamcirebT vibroamZravis gragnilSi gamavali denis<br />
impulsis xangrZlivobas, rac, Tavis mxriv, SesaZleblobas<br />
gvaZlevs denis mcire mniSvnelobebisaTvis miviRoT rxevis<br />
maqsimaluri amplituda. es imiT aixsneba, rom datvirTvis<br />
aqtiur-induqciuri xasiaTis mixedviT, rasac warmoadgens kidec<br />
eleqtromagnituri vibrodanadgari, rxevis maqsimaluri<br />
amplitudis dros vibroamZravis gragnilSi denis gavlis<br />
xangrZlivoba qselis Zabvis naxevar periodze meti sididisaa.<br />
niSandoblivia, rom denis impulsis xangrZlivobis SemcirebiT<br />
mTeli energia mimarTuli iqneba mxolod vibrodanadgaris<br />
moZraobaSi mosayvanad. Sesabamisad, Tiristoruli sqemebiT<br />
marTvadi vibraciuli danadgari uzrunvelyofs SedarebiT maRal<br />
energetikul da saeqspluatacio maCveneblebs [29, 64, 69, 91, 150].<br />
saqarTvelos saxelmwifo sasoflo-sameurneo universitetSi<br />
Seqmnili kuTxiT-rxevadi eleqtromagnituri vibroZrava /nax. 3.4/<br />
Sedgeba korpusisagan (naxazze ar aris naCvenebi), statorisagan 1<br />
polusebiT 2, statoris induqciuri koWebisagan 3-1, 3-2,<br />
rotorisagan 7 polusebiT 8, lilvisa 5 da sogmanisagan 6,<br />
romelzec xistad damagrebulia Woki 9 drekadi elementebiT 10,
87<br />
Titistorebisagan VS1 da VS 2. vibroamgznebi muSaobs<br />
Semdegnairad: wredze Zabvis modebis Sedegad pirvel da mesame<br />
konturebSi Tiristoris VS1 meSveobiT gaivlis i1 deni, xolo<br />
meore da meoTxe konturebSi TiristoriT VS2 – i2 deni, rac<br />
sabolood iwvevs vibroZravas kuTxiT–rxeviT moZraobas.<br />
SemoTavazebuli vibroZravasaTvis damuSavebulia kvebis<br />
Tiristoruli sqema /nax. 3.5/.<br />
sadac, U U m sin t<br />
– wredze modebuli sinusoiduri Zabva, v;<br />
2<br />
U sin t<br />
– pirvel Stoze modebuli Zabva 0– Sua-<br />
1<br />
2<br />
U1 m<br />
ledSi, roca StoSi gadis I sint<br />
<br />
deni;<br />
i1 m<br />
2<br />
2 U sin t<br />
– meore Stoze modebuli Zabva 2 <br />
<br />
2<br />
U 2<br />
m<br />
SualedSi, roca StoSi gadis<br />
i m<br />
<br />
2 I sin t deni.<br />
koWas induqciurobebi L ayovneben denis Zalis i1 zrdas<br />
Tiristoris VS1 gaRebamde kuTxiT ( ), sadac aris<br />
Tiristorze VS1 impulsis miwodebis kuTxe. gaRebis Semdeg U1-1<br />
Zabvis Semcirebisas induqtiuroba xels uSlis denis<br />
Semcirebas, romelic agrZelebs gavlas Sesabamis TiristorSi<br />
kuTxiT da Semdeg, rodesac Zabva gadava nulze da miaRwevs<br />
<br />
Soris pauzis xangrZlivoba Semcirdeba <br />
–s, gaiReba meore VS2 Tiristori, Sedegad, Tiristorebs<br />
kuTxiT. es<br />
ukanaskneli ki, Tavis mxriv, saxes ucvlis Tiristorebze<br />
modebul U1-1 da U2-2 Zabvebs da, Sesabamisad, maTi mrudebis<br />
formas:
i<br />
VS1<br />
VS2<br />
88<br />
nax. 3.4<br />
Rk1<br />
Rk2<br />
nax. 3.5<br />
LM1<br />
LM2<br />
U11 U2 2<br />
i1<br />
i2
89<br />
2U<br />
2<br />
1<br />
2<br />
U sin t<br />
dt<br />
1 1 <br />
. (3.47)<br />
<br />
<br />
saidanac, Tiristorebze VS1, VS2 Zabvis moqmedi mniSvneloba<br />
ganisazRvreba gamosaxulebiT:<br />
2<br />
U U U 0,<br />
45U<br />
, v.<br />
1<br />
1 22<br />
<br />
TiristorSi datvirTvis deni iL gamtareblobis intervalSi<br />
calkeuli StosaTvis ganisazRvreba gardamavali reJimis<br />
analizidan ori – iZulebiTi da Tavisufali Semdgenis jamis<br />
saxiT [148, 182, 193].<br />
kuTxiT:<br />
sadac<br />
kanoniT:<br />
radgan L1=L2=L (koWebi identuria), vRebulobT:<br />
i<br />
1LiZ<br />
i<br />
2LiZ<br />
<br />
r<br />
2<br />
k<br />
2U<br />
2<br />
L<br />
2<br />
k<br />
sin<br />
t ( )<br />
<br />
. (3.48)<br />
denis iZulebiTi Semdgeni CamorCeba Sesabamis mkvebav Zabvas<br />
L<br />
r<br />
k – drois mudmiva.<br />
k<br />
L<br />
k arctg arctg<br />
, (3.49)<br />
r<br />
k<br />
denis Tavisufali Semdgeni ki mcirdeba eqsponencialuri<br />
i Tav<br />
Ae<br />
drois monakveTSi, rodesac t=0,<br />
<br />
t( <br />
) <br />
<br />
2U<br />
A sin<br />
2 2 2<br />
r L<br />
k<br />
k<br />
, (3.50)<br />
<br />
. (3.51)<br />
Tu mxedvelobaSi miviRebT (3.48) da (3.50) gamosaxulebebs,<br />
vibroZravas koWebSi gamavali denebisaTvis vRebulobT:
i<br />
1L<br />
<br />
i<br />
2L<br />
<br />
r<br />
2<br />
k<br />
2U<br />
2 2<br />
L<br />
k<br />
<br />
sin<br />
<br />
90<br />
t <br />
sin<br />
<br />
e<br />
<br />
t ( )<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
. (3.52)<br />
eleqtromagnituri vibroamgznebis ganuStoebel nawilSi i n<br />
denis mrudi xdeba uwyveti da sinusoiduri, radgan am<br />
SemTxvevaSi:<br />
i i i . (3.53)<br />
1<br />
rodesac Tiristoris gaRebis kuTxeebi =0, zemoTqmulidan<br />
gamomdinareobs, rom moyvanili sqemiT muSaobis dros adgili<br />
eqneba Zabvis da denis mrudebis cvlilebas TiristoriT marTvis<br />
SemTxvevaSi /nax. 3.6/ [29, 31].<br />
kuTxiT-rxevad vibroamgznebSi amgznebi Zalis mniSvneloba<br />
polusebs SigniT, SualedisTvis <br />
<br />
ganisazRvros gamosaxulebiT:<br />
2<br />
, SesaZlebelia<br />
2<br />
2 2<br />
S p 2 1 i <br />
2F i bd<br />
R sin <br />
, (3.64)<br />
k 0 2<br />
0 2<br />
2 <br />
sadac Fk – kuTxiTrxevadi vibroamgznebis erTi magnituri<br />
xolo Zaluri momenti<br />
konturis mizidvis Zala, n,<br />
2 2<br />
i <br />
F<br />
R R b sin<br />
0<br />
<br />
M 2<br />
d R <br />
sadac 0 – sahaero RreCos magnituri SeRwevadoba, hn/m;<br />
S p – polusis ganivi kveTi, m 2 ;<br />
– sahaero RreCos sidide, m;<br />
W – gragnilis xviaTa ricxvi;<br />
R – Ruzis radiusi, m;<br />
b – statoris da rotoris saangariSo sigane, m;<br />
d – statoris da rotoris gadafarvis sigrZe, m;<br />
, nm. (3.65)
U<br />
VS1<br />
v<br />
VS2<br />
0<br />
<br />
U<br />
i<br />
<br />
91<br />
<br />
<br />
2<br />
<br />
nax. 3.6<br />
3<br />
t<br />
t<br />
t
92<br />
x=Rsin – statoris mimarT rotoris gadaadgilebis sidide, m;<br />
– Ruzis mobrunebis kuTxe, rad. ;<br />
– statoris da rotoris Sesabamis polusTa simetriis<br />
RerZebs Soris kuTxis sidide, rad.<br />
radgan kvebis sqema simetriulia i 1=i 2, kent SualedebSi unda<br />
Caisvas i 1L, xolo wyvil SualedebSi i 2–is mniSvneloba, amitom<br />
aseTi formiT gamosaxulebis Cawera samarTliania.<br />
vibraciuli amgznebis gragnilis xviaTa ricxvi<br />
gamoiTvleba formuliT:<br />
1 U 1<br />
W <br />
, (3.66)<br />
2 B<br />
b<br />
d R sin <br />
sadac U – wredze modebuli Zabvis moqmedi mniSvneloba, v;<br />
B – sahaero RreCoSi saangariSo dasaSvebi induqcia, tl.<br />
rodesac = =0, am SemTxvevaSi, ganivi amgznebi Zala da<br />
Sesabamisi momenti M gautoldeba nuls, xolo warmoqmnili<br />
magnituri induqcia B da magnituri nakadi gadalaxavs<br />
sahaero RreCos , Sedegad, statoris da rotoris polusebs<br />
Soris mizidva xorcieldeba gadaadilebis R sin gareSe.<br />
cxadia, rom koWebSi denis gavla gamoiwvevs ganivi amgznebi<br />
Zalis F da momentis M warmoqmnas. Sesabamisad, rxevebi iZens<br />
harmoniul xasiaTs, sanam vibroamgznebis wredze modebuli<br />
iqneba Zabva.<br />
aRniSnuli kvebis sqema gamoicada rogorc samrewvelo,<br />
aseve mkvebavi Zabvis sixSiris cvlilebiT da gamoavlina muSa<br />
unarianoba.<br />
cxadia, Teoriuli kvlevis dros ar SemovifarglebiT<br />
mxolod kuTxiT-rxevadi moZraobis vibroamgznebis marTvis<br />
analiziT.
93<br />
interess warmoadgens ukuqceviT-winsvliTi moZraobis<br />
erTtaqtiani eleqtromagnituri vibraciuli danadgarebis muSa<br />
reJimebis efeqturad marTvisaTvis SemuSavebuli Tiristoruli<br />
sqemebi [102, 167, 169, 193], romliTac varegulirebT Tiristoris<br />
gaRebis kuTxes da vibroamgznebTa koWaSi denis gavlis<br />
xangrZlivobas.<br />
warmodgenili sqemis saSualebiT /nax. 3.7/ dadginda mTeli<br />
rigi sidideebi eleqtruli parametrebisa, romelic naCvenebia<br />
eqsperimentul kvlevebSi.<br />
~ 220 v<br />
QF<br />
R1<br />
YA<br />
VD1<br />
nax. 3.7<br />
VS<br />
R2<br />
R3<br />
VD2<br />
sqema muSaobs Semdegnairad: CamrTvelis amoqmedebiT<br />
kondensatoris C firfitebze deni daiwyebs wanacvlebas,<br />
damuxtvis impulsi dinistoris VD2 saSualebiT gadaecema VS<br />
Tiristoris marTvis eleqtrods. am dros mimdinareobs<br />
C
94<br />
Tiristoris gadarTva mcire gamtarobidan maRali gamtarobis<br />
mdgomareobaSi. Sesabamisad, deni iwyebs gadinebas<br />
eleqtromagnituri vibroamZravis koWaSi LM. Zabvis regulireba<br />
Tiristoris marTvis eleqtrodze, rac SeiZleba ganimartos,<br />
rogorc denis gavlis moWris kuTxis regulireba, xorcieldeba<br />
cvladi rezistoriT R1. kondensatoris muxtis mileva iwvevs<br />
TiristorSi denis Semcirebas da mis Caketil mdgomareobaSi<br />
gadasvlas. am SemTxvevaSi deni Tiristors da koWas ar<br />
miewodeba.<br />
zemomoyvanili gamosaxulebebi samarTliania warmodgenili<br />
sqemis SemTxvevaSi.<br />
gansakuTrebul mniSvnelobas iZens danadgaris muSaobis<br />
mdgradobis gamokvleva, romelic gansazRvravs rxeviTi sistemis<br />
mgrZnobiarobas moqmedi gare da Sida winaaRmdegobebis<br />
cvlilebis mimarT, rasac ZiriTadad ganapirobebs qselSi Zabvis<br />
meryeoba.<br />
eleqtromagnituri vibraciuli danadgarebis amgznebTa<br />
Ruzis gadaadgilebis da rxevis amplitudis sidideTa aRricxva<br />
kvlevis srulyofisaTvis aucilebel garemoebad miiCneva. am<br />
sakiTxis teqnikuri uzrunvelyofisTvis, gamoyenebuli gvqonda<br />
potenciometruli gadamwodi, romelic uSualod iRebs ra<br />
signalebs vibraciuli danadgaris muSa organos mier<br />
Sesrulebuli meqanikuri moZraobisagan, axorcielebs maT<br />
gadacemas Sesabamis eleqtrogamzom xelsawyoebze Semdgomi<br />
registraciisa da analizisTvis. potenciometri irTveba<br />
ortaqtiani diferencialuri boguri sqemiT. misi mcocis<br />
neitralur mdgomareobaSi yofnisas Semavali winaRobebi nulis<br />
tolia, amitom mcocis mcire gadaxra gvaZlevs statikur
95<br />
xazobriv maxasiaTebels, romelic, Sesabamisad, damokidebulia<br />
datvirTvis xasiaTze. im SemTxvevaSi, rodesac potenciometris<br />
mcocis faqtiuri gadaxra neitraluri mdgomareobidan mcire<br />
sididisaa, mis statikuri maxasiaTeblis xazobriobas waeyeneba<br />
maRali moTxovnebi da am dros potenciometri SeiZleba<br />
mierTebul iqnes eleqtronul maZlierebelTan [40, 44, 63].<br />
Rvinisa da brendis warmoebis teqnologiuri procesebis<br />
amocanebidan gamomdinare, Rvinomasalebis dasamuSaveblad<br />
gamoyenebuli farTo speqtris eqspoziciaTa optimizaciisaTvis<br />
wayenebuli pirobebis uzrunvelsayofad, raSic, ZiriTadad,<br />
moiazreba siTxeze gadasacemi rogorc mcire, aseve didi<br />
zRvrebis mqone rxevebis sixSiris SerCeva, zemomoyvanili<br />
eleqtromagnituri vibrodanadgarebis sixSiriT marTva<br />
SesaZlebelia warmoebdes cnobili tranzistoruli avtorxeviTi<br />
multivibratoris saSualebiT, romlis impulsebi, sixSiruli<br />
regulirebis Semdgomi uzrunvelyofisaTvis, miewodeba<br />
vibroamgznebis mkvebav Tiristorebs [95, 102].
96<br />
3.4. vibrobunkerSi Rvinomasalebis vibrireba-aqtivizaciis<br />
kanonzomierebani<br />
Rvinisa da sabrende spirtebis daZvelebis stimulirebis<br />
procesis warmarTvas mTlianad gansazRvravs eleqtromagnituri<br />
vibraciuli danadgaris moZraobis xasiaTi [19, 65, 81, 120, 172].<br />
dasamuSavebel masalaze moqmedi Zalebis gaTvaliswinebiT<br />
pirobiTad davyoT sistemis rxeviTi moZraobis mTliani periodi<br />
or naxevarperiodad /nax. 3.8a; 3.8b/:<br />
a) rodesac inerciis Zalis Semdgeni J 1 mimarTulia zeviT –<br />
<br />
0 t 1 ;<br />
<br />
b) rodesac inerciis Zalis Semdgeni J 2 mimarTulia qveviT –<br />
2<br />
t ;<br />
2<br />
<br />
pirveli naxevarperiodis ganmavlobaSi inerciis Zalis<br />
Semdgeni J cdilobs mierTebuli masis marjvniv mobrunebas,<br />
1<br />
rasac xels uwyobs Zalis Semdgeni J , romelic amcirebs blanti<br />
2<br />
xaxunis da normaluri reaqciis Zalebs. meore naxevarperiodSi<br />
Semdgeni J iwvevs masis mobrunebas sawinaaRmdgego<br />
1<br />
mimarTulebiT, rasac ewinaaRmdegeba J 2 – igi am SemTxvevaSi<br />
zrdis blanti xaxunis da normaluri reaqciis Zalebs.<br />
CavTvaloT, rom eleqtromagnituri vibraciuli danadgaris<br />
aqtiuri masis rxeviTi moZraoba sruldeba erTdroulad<br />
vertikalur da horizontalur sibrtyeSi. am dros rxevebs<br />
Soris fazaTa Zvris kuTxe =0 da vertikaluri A da<br />
horizontaluri B rxevaTa amplitudis Tanafardobidan<br />
gamomdinare icvleba mimarTuli rxevebis – vibraciis kuTxe .
Fx<br />
<br />
J1<br />
97<br />
N<br />
G<br />
nax. 3.8 a.<br />
N<br />
G<br />
nax. 3.8 b.<br />
J1<br />
<br />
Fx<br />
B sin t
98<br />
Tu ganvixilavT, xoy sibrtyeze, masalis vibrirebul<br />
zedapirze moZraobas, diferencialur gantolebas eqneba Semdegi<br />
saxe:<br />
sadac m – masalis masa, kg;<br />
2<br />
mx<br />
mB<br />
sin t<br />
Fx<br />
2<br />
my<br />
mA<br />
sin t<br />
mg N<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
(3.67)<br />
A da B – Sesabamisad vertikaluri da horizontaluri rxevebis<br />
amplituda, m;<br />
– sibrtyis kuTxuri rxevebis sixSire, wm -1 ;<br />
g – Tavisufali vardnis aCqareba,<br />
N – normaluri reaqciis Zala,<br />
2<br />
m wm ;<br />
2<br />
kg m wm ;<br />
F x – masalis moZraobis winaaRmdegobis Zala, n.<br />
vibraciaSi moyvanil zedapirze dasamuSavebeli masalis<br />
moZraobisas (y=0)<br />
<br />
N,<br />
rodesac x<br />
0;<br />
Fx<br />
<br />
(3.68 )<br />
N,<br />
rodesac x<br />
0,<br />
sadac – srialis xaxunis koeficienti.<br />
normaluri reaqciis Zala muSa organos zedapiris zeviT<br />
moZraobis dros:<br />
xolo zedapiris qveviT moZraobisas:<br />
2<br />
N mg mA<br />
sin t<br />
, (3.69)<br />
2<br />
N mg mA<br />
sin t<br />
. (3.70)<br />
eleqtromagnituri vibrodanadgarisTvis mizanSewonilia<br />
masalis moZraobis iseTi uwyveti reJimi, romelic iTvaliswinebs<br />
nivTierebis gansazRvruli mimarTulebiT gadaadgilebis<br />
uzrunvelyofas.<br />
am SemTxvevisaTvis:
99<br />
A<br />
1;<br />
g<br />
N 0 .<br />
unda aRiniSnos, rom mTliani periodis dros jamuri<br />
Zalebis moqmedebis Sedegad warmoqmnili inerciis Zala,<br />
faqtiurad, gansazRvravs vibrobunkerSi moTavsebuli masalis<br />
moZraobis xasiaTs, romelic damyarebul reJimSi xorcieldeba<br />
kanoniT:<br />
t x vt , (3.71)<br />
sadac v – siTxis moZraobis saSualo siCqare, m/wm;<br />
t – perioduli funqcia T 2<br />
periodiT.<br />
cxadia, rom eleqtromagnituri vibrodanadgaris<br />
rezervuarSi siTxis vibrireba–aqtivizaciis procesi emyareba<br />
rTul fizikur-qimiur movlenebs, gamowveuli sxvadasxva saxis<br />
Zalebis arsebobiT, da saWiroebs maTematikur analizs [1, 105,<br />
192].<br />
siTxis wveTebis moZraobis traeqtoriis xasiaTs<br />
horizontalur da vertikalur sibrtyeebSi ZiriTadad<br />
gansazRvravs wveTebze moqmedi sxvadasxva sididis dinamikuri<br />
Zalebi, kerZod, inerciis Zala –<br />
siTxis winaRobis Zala – f v <br />
R .<br />
sadac vk – wveTis siCqare, m/wm;<br />
mk – masa, kg.<br />
k<br />
dv k J m , simZimis Zala – mkg,<br />
k<br />
dt<br />
Tu gaviTvaliswinebT yvela am Zalas, SesaZlebelia<br />
daiweros siTxis wveTis moZraobis zogadi gantoleba:<br />
dv<br />
dt<br />
k m k<br />
k<br />
R m g . (3.72)<br />
siTxis winaRobis Zala gamoisaxeba Semdegnairad:
100<br />
sadac Cx – winaRobis koeficientia;<br />
n – siTxis simkvrive,<br />
Fk – wveTis ganivkveTi, m.<br />
2<br />
u k<br />
R C F , (3.73)<br />
x n k<br />
2<br />
3<br />
kg m ;<br />
(3.2) gantolebis (3.1)-Si CasmiT miviRebT:<br />
dv<br />
dt<br />
2<br />
u k<br />
C F m g . (3.74)<br />
x n k<br />
2<br />
k m k<br />
k<br />
Tu gaviTvaliswinebT, rom m k k<br />
u k , sadac uk - wveTis<br />
<br />
moculobaa da uk=<br />
6<br />
d<br />
6<br />
3<br />
k k <br />
d 3<br />
k<br />
sidideze, miviRebT:<br />
, da gantolebis (3.3) yvela wevrs gavyofT<br />
dv<br />
dt<br />
2<br />
3 u n k<br />
C g<br />
(3.75)<br />
x<br />
4 d<br />
k <br />
k<br />
mocemul gantolebaSi C siTxis wveTis siCqaris funqciaa,<br />
x<br />
romelic Semdegnairad SeiZleba gamovsaxoT:<br />
sadac Rl – reinoldis ricxvi,<br />
l<br />
l<br />
k<br />
24 4<br />
C , (3.76)<br />
x<br />
R 3 R<br />
d u k k R l ;<br />
<br />
– siTxis kinematikuri siblante.<br />
(3.75) da (3.76) gantolebebis gaTvaliswinebiT vRebulobT:<br />
dt<br />
3 24 4 n<br />
u k g<br />
4 <br />
<br />
R 3<br />
l R <br />
. (3.77)<br />
<br />
l k<br />
dv k 2<br />
<br />
im SemTxvevaSi, Tu siTxis wveTis moZraobas ganvixilavT<br />
horizontalur da vertikalur sibrtyeebSi, maSin ukanaskneli<br />
gantoleba SeiZleba Caiweros koordinatuli formiT:
sadac,<br />
2<br />
d x<br />
2<br />
dt<br />
3 <br />
<br />
24<br />
<br />
4 <br />
R l<br />
2<br />
d y 3 <br />
<br />
24<br />
2<br />
dt 4 <br />
R l<br />
<br />
101<br />
<br />
3<br />
4 <br />
<br />
n<br />
dx 2<br />
<br />
u , k <br />
3 R dt<br />
l k <br />
<br />
<br />
4 <br />
n dy 2<br />
<br />
<br />
u k g<br />
R dt<br />
l k <br />
2<br />
2<br />
dx dy <br />
u k <br />
dt dt <br />
.<br />
, (3.78)<br />
Tu (3.78) gantolebaSi SevitanT 1 R , n da ricxviT<br />
k<br />
mniSvnelobebs, maSin gantoleba miiRebs saboloo formas:<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
2<br />
d x 352 4 932 dx <br />
<br />
u ,<br />
2<br />
k<br />
dt<br />
<br />
d u<br />
dk dt<br />
k k 3 d ku<br />
k<br />
<br />
<br />
14.<br />
7 <br />
<br />
. (3.79)<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
2<br />
d y 352 4 932 dy <br />
<br />
u g<br />
2<br />
k <br />
dt d u d u dk dt<br />
k k 3 k k<br />
<br />
<br />
14.<br />
7 <br />
<br />
gantolebaTa sistema saSualebas gvaZlevs ganvsazRvroT<br />
siTxis wveTebis moZraobis xasiaTi. Tumca, aqve aRsaniSnavia, rom<br />
wveTis moZraobis traeqtoria, gare winaaRmdegobebis<br />
gaTvaliswinebiT, ZiriTadad damokidebulia siTxis wveTis<br />
geometriul zomebze.
102<br />
Tavi IV. Rvinomasalebis warmoebis teqnologia<br />
da eqsperimentuli kvlevis Sedegebi<br />
4.1. eleqtromagnituri vibraciuli danadgarebis<br />
muSaobis reJimebis eqsperimentuli kvleva<br />
eleqtromagnituri vibrodanadgarebis energetikuli<br />
maCveneblebis, pirvel rigSi ki, m.q.k.-s amaRlebis problema<br />
warmoadgens erT-erT ZiriTads amgvari amgznebiT aRWurvili<br />
manqanebis damuSavebis dros. m.q.k. cnebis gansazRvrisas dadebiT<br />
efeqtad miiReba is muSaoba, romelsac asruleben<br />
eleqtromagnituri Zalebi amgznebis Ruzis erTi mdgomareobidan<br />
meoreSi gadaadgilebisas. aseTi gadaadgilebisas manqanaSi<br />
sruldeba ara marto sasargeblo muSaoba, aramed muSaoba<br />
xaxunis Zalis daZlevazec, romelic warmoadgens gare meqanikuri<br />
Zalebis muSaobas da energiis gardaqmnis TvalsazrisiT<br />
vibraciuli danadgarebisaTvis dadebiT efeqts warmoadgens.<br />
radgan eleqtromagnituri vibroamZravi cikluri moqmedebis<br />
sistemad miiCneva, romlebSic moZraobis siCqare erTi periodis<br />
ganmavlobaSi icvlebi 0-dan maqsimumamde orive, pirdapiri da<br />
uku mimarTulebiT, arsebuli sasargeblo muSaoba da<br />
danakargebi mizanSewonilia SevadaroT erT taqtSi, e.i. denis<br />
impulsis moqmedebis dros T, warmoqmnili Sesabamisi energiis<br />
raodenobas. maSin, wrfivi magnituri sistemebisaTvis Ruzis<br />
usasrulod mcire gadaadgilebisaTvis gvaqvs [127, 136]<br />
dW<br />
da am gamosaxulebis integrebiT vRebulobT<br />
meq<br />
<br />
1<br />
i<br />
2<br />
2<br />
dL,<br />
vt, (4.1)
W<br />
meq<br />
T<br />
1<br />
i<br />
2<br />
0<br />
2<br />
103<br />
dL<br />
d<br />
d<br />
dt<br />
t dt<br />
, vt, (4.2)<br />
saidanac gamomdinareobs, rom muSaoba damokidebulia denis<br />
impulsis i ( t)<br />
formaze, vibroamgznebis statikuri maxasiaTeblis<br />
L( ) formasa da Ruzis moZraobis kanonze ( t)<br />
.<br />
vibrodanadgaris aqtiuri nawilis moZraobis erTi<br />
taqtisaTvis moxmarebuli energia SeiZleba warmodgenil iqnes<br />
rogorc eleqtromagnituri Zalebis muSaoba da energetikuli<br />
danakargebis jami, romlebSic ZiriTadia danakargebi statoris<br />
gragnilis spilenZSi Q da magnitogamtaris foladSi Q . maSin<br />
Cu<br />
Fe<br />
m.q.k. gamosaxuleba miiRebs Semdeg saxes [137]:<br />
W<br />
<br />
meq<br />
W<br />
Q <br />
meq<br />
Cu<br />
Q <br />
Fe<br />
. (4.3)<br />
cxadia, rom eleqtromagnituri vibraciuli danadgaris<br />
saerTo m.q.k. gaangariSebaSi sasargeblo muSaoba unda miekuTvnos<br />
energetikul danakargebs, rogorc disipatiuri Zalebis muSaoba.<br />
Cvens mier Catarebuli mravali samecniero naSromis<br />
analizi gvidasturebs, rom sasoflo-sameurneo teqnikis<br />
kvlevebis Catarebisas xSirad saZiebelia rogorc teqnologiuri<br />
procesebis, aseve eqsperimentuli danadgarebisa da<br />
mowyobilobebis muSaobis optimaluri reJimebi an raime<br />
procesis mimdinareobis kanonzomiereba energetikuli<br />
maCveneblebis TvalsazrisiT. orive SemTxvevaSi unda vmarToT<br />
eqsperimentebi procesis meqanizmis arasruli codnis pirobebSi,<br />
rac Tavis mxriv emsgavseba rTul, mravalfaqtorian amocanebs<br />
[13].<br />
upirveles yovlisa aRvniSnavT, rom eleqtromagnituri<br />
vibraciuli amgznebebis proeqtirebisas principuli mniSvneloba
104<br />
eniWeba magnitogamtaris formasa da tips. Sesabamisad, kvlevis<br />
meTodikisa da dasaxuli amocanebidan gamomdinare,<br />
zemoaRniSnuli amgznebebisaTvis, romlebic erTmaneTisgan<br />
gansxvavdebian mxolod sahaero RreCoTi da formiT, vawarmoeT<br />
rigi eqsperimentuli kvlevebisa paralelur reJimSi, maTi muSa<br />
maxasiaTeblebis dadgenisa da dazustebis mizniT.<br />
eqsperimentuli kvlevebisas vibrodanadgarTa kveba<br />
xorcieldeboda cvladi denis sixSiris qselidan f 50 hc<br />
marTvis Tiristiruli sqemis saSualebiT /ix. nax. 3.7/.<br />
mimdinare procesebis kanonzomierebis amsaxveli mrudebis<br />
asagebad (faqtoris cvalebadobis dasaSveb zRvrebSi), aviReT,<br />
rogorc wesi, ara naklebi xuTi eqsperimentuli wertilisa – am<br />
konkretul SemTxvevebSi Svidi wertili, e.i. yoveli faqtoris<br />
Seswavla, rogorc wesi, unda momxdariyo Svid doneze.<br />
ramdenadac, mravalfaqtoriani eqsperimentebis dros<br />
eqsperimentebis raodenoba imdenad didia, rom misi realizacia<br />
faqtiurad SeuZlebelia, Catarebul iqna mxolod cdebis mcire<br />
nawili, vcvaleT ra konkretuli faqtorebi cal-calke danarCeni<br />
sxva faqtorebis mudmivobis pirobebSi. aqedan gamomdinare,<br />
saWiro sizustiT SerCeul iqna eqsperimentuli cdebis<br />
mimarTuleba optimumis aris misaRwevad, anu optimumis aris<br />
aproqsimacia.<br />
Sedegad, eqsperimentulma mrudebma miRes mcired<br />
gansxvavebuli saxe cdis anaTvlebiTa da sasurveli eleqtro-<br />
meqanikuri parametrebis angariSiT miRebul sidideebTan<br />
SedarebiT.<br />
sakvlevi eleqtromagnituri vibraciuli danadgarisaTvis<br />
aviTvaleT da gaviangariSeT amgznebis eleqtrokvebisa da
105<br />
marTvis sqemis Sesasvlelze ( a1<br />
) da mis gamosavalze a )<br />
aRricxuli eleqtruli sidideebi – qselidan moTxovnili denis<br />
Zalebi I1, I2, simZlavreebi ( P ; 1,<br />
2 Q ; 1,<br />
2 S ), m.q.k. 1,<br />
2 , simZlavris<br />
koeficienti cos sxvadasxva ZabviT kvebisas /cxrili 4.1; 4.2/.<br />
1,<br />
2<br />
rac Seexeba meqanikuri sidideebis gazomvas, igi warmoebda wevis<br />
Zalebis F, Ruzis rxevis sixSireebis – vibrosiCqaris V da<br />
vibrogadaadgilebis x parametrebis droSi cvlilebiT<br />
sxvadasxva saxis datvirTvis reJimSi; vibrogadaadgilebis da,<br />
Sesabamisad, siCqaris cvlileba ganxorcielda amgznebis marTvis<br />
sqemaSi CarTuli cvladi rezistoris meSveobiT, kerZod, R 0,60;<br />
0,30; 0,15 komis pirobebSi.<br />
Sesabamisad, miuxedavad faqtorTa cvlilebisa, agebuli iqna<br />
ZiriTadi muSa maxasiaTeblebi. kerZod, dadginda, rom rezonansis<br />
siaxlovis reJimSi vibraciuli danadgaris muSaobisas<br />
gacilebiT ukeTesi energetikuli da eleqtro-meqanikuri<br />
parametrebi miiRweva vibroamgznebis marTvis sqemis cvladi<br />
rezistoris R 0,30<br />
komi momarTviT, vidre rodesac R 0,15<br />
komi.<br />
am dros, danadgaris mier qselidan moTxovnili simZlavre<br />
P1 125vt,<br />
simZlavris koeficienti cos 0,<br />
74,<br />
mniSvnelovnad<br />
izrdeba m.q.k. 0,<br />
93 da amgznebi Zalva F 665n,<br />
xolo<br />
vibrogadaadgileba x 1,<br />
73 mm /nax. 4.1; 4.2; 4.3; 4.4; 4.5/.<br />
metad mniSvnelovani iyo sixSirebuli maxasiaTeblebis<br />
gaanalizeba, rac naTlad cxadyofda axali tipis<br />
magnitogamtaris damuSavebis mizanSewonilobas.<br />
nax. 4.6-ze moyvanilia Ш da П-seburi erTtaqtiani<br />
eleqtromagnituri vibraciuli amgznebebis Ruzis gadaadgilebis<br />
amplitudis x da amgznebi Zalvis (wevis Zalis) F<br />
damokidebulebebi iZulebiTi da sakuTaris rxevis sixSireTa<br />
( 2
#<br />
106<br />
cxrili 4.1. eqsperimentuli kvlevis Sedegebi<br />
gazomili sidideebi<br />
R m U1 I1 P1 U2 I2 P2 x V f<br />
komi kg v a vt v a vt m·10 -3 mm/wm hc<br />
1 R=0,6 8,5 68 0,11 6,7 60 0,06 3,1 0,38 8 50<br />
2 _~_ _~_ 95 0,16 12,9 90 0,15 11,5 0,56 12 _~_<br />
3 _~_ _~_ 125 0,21 21,6 120 0,20 19,7 0,75 17 _~_<br />
4 _~_ _~_ 157 0,26 32,9 150 0,25 29,3 0,92 20 _~_<br />
5 _~_ _~_ 185 0,31 44,5 180 0,30 40,5 1,27 28 _~_<br />
6 _~_ _~_ 207 0,35 54,3 200 0,33 48,7 1,43 32 _~_<br />
7 _~_ _~_ 228 0,38 63,2 220 0,37 57,3 1,68 37 _~_<br />
1 R=0,3 8,5 67 0,22 13,3 60 0,20 10,6 0,45 10 50<br />
2 _~_ _~_ 96 0,32 26,7 90 0,30 25,7 0,62 14 _~_<br />
3 _~_ _~_ 125 0,42 44,3 120 0,40 40,3 0,84 19 _~_<br />
4 _~_ _~_ 156 0,52 66,5 150 0,50 60,0 1,02 23 _~_<br />
5 _~_ _~_ 186 0,62 91,1 180 0,60 84,2 1,35 30 _~_<br />
6 _~_ _~_ 210 0,70 113,2 200 0,67 100,0 1,56 35 _~_<br />
7 _~_ _~_ 225 0,75 124,9 220 0,73 116,2 1,73 38 _~_<br />
1 R=0,15 8,5 68 0,45 26,2 60 0,40 20,2 0,49 11 50<br />
2 _~_ _~_ 96 0,64 51,0 90 0,60 43,7 0,67 15 _~_<br />
3 _~_ _~_ 126 0,84 85,7 120 0,80 76,8 0,91 20 _~_<br />
4 _~_ _~_ 157 1,05 129,8 150 1,00 115,5 1,12 25 _~_<br />
5 _~_ _~_ 184 1,23 169,3 180 1,20 159,8 1,48 33 _~_<br />
6 _~_ _~_ 205 1,37 204,5 200 1,33 192,0 1,65 37 _~_<br />
7 _~_ _~_ 226 1,51 241,8 220 1,47 229,1 1,92 43 _~_
#<br />
107<br />
cxrili 4.2. eqsperimentuli kvlevis Sedegebi<br />
gazomili angariSi<br />
R m S1 Q1 cosφ1 S2 Q2 cosφ2 η F<br />
komi kg va var - va var - % n<br />
1 R=0,6 8,5 7,5 3,4 0,89 3,6 1,8 0,87 47,0 32<br />
2 _~_ _~_ 15,0 7,7 0,86 13,5 7,1 0,85 88,7 70<br />
3 _~_ _~_ 26,0 14,5 0,83 24,0 13,7 0,82 91,0 125<br />
4 _~_ _~_ 41,1 24,6 0,80 37,5 23,5 0,78 89,0 188<br />
5 _~_ _~_ 57,0 35,7 0,78 54,0 35,7 0,75 91,0 358<br />
6 _~_ _~_ 71,4 46,4 0,76 66,7 45,6 0,73 89,7 454<br />
7 _~_ _~_ 86,6 59,2 0,73 80,7 56,8 0,71 90,6 627<br />
1 R=0,3 8,5 15,0 6,8 0,89 12,0 5,7 0,88 79,3 45<br />
2 _~_ _~_ 30,7 15,1 0,87 27,0 8,4 0,95 96,0 85<br />
3 _~_ _~_ 52,1 27,4 0,85 48,0 26,0 0,84 91,1 157<br />
4 _~_ _~_ 81,1 46,4 0,82 75,0 45,0 0,80 90,2 231<br />
5 _~_ _~_ 115,3 70,7 0,79 108,0 67,6 0,78 92,5 405<br />
6 _~_ _~_ 147,0 93,8 0,77 133,3 88,2 0,75 88,3 541<br />
7 _~_ _~_ 168,8 113,5 0,74 161,3 112,0 0,72 93,0 665<br />
1 R=0,15 8,5 30,8 16,2 0,85 24,0 13,0 0,84 76,9 53<br />
2 _~_ _~_ 61,4 34,3 0,83 54,0 31,7 0,81 94,6 100<br />
3 _~_ _~_ 105,8 62,1 0,81 96,0 57,6 0,80 89,6 184<br />
4 _~_ _~_ 164,3 100,7 0,79 150,0 95,7 0,77 89,0 279<br />
5 _~_ _~_ 225,7 149,3 0,75 216,0 145,3 0,74 93,7 487<br />
6 _~_ _~_ 280,2 191,5 0,73 266,7 185,1 0,72 93,9 605<br />
7 _~_ _~_ 340,5 239,8 0,71 322,7 227,2 0,71 94,8 819
cos F<br />
<br />
I<br />
cos f<br />
1<br />
f<br />
U 1<br />
rodesac R=0,60 komi.<br />
U <br />
1<br />
108<br />
nax. 4.1<br />
I f U I f<br />
U <br />
1<br />
1<br />
2<br />
1<br />
F fU1<br />
<br />
,<br />
U 1
cos F n<br />
<br />
0.9<br />
0.6<br />
0.3<br />
800<br />
600<br />
400<br />
200<br />
I<br />
0.8<br />
0.6<br />
0.4<br />
0.2<br />
a<br />
cos f<br />
1<br />
f<br />
U 1<br />
rodesac R=0,30 komi.<br />
U <br />
1<br />
109<br />
0 100 200<br />
nax. 4.2<br />
I f U I2 f<br />
U1 <br />
1<br />
1<br />
F f<br />
U1 <br />
U1, v
cos F n<br />
<br />
0.9<br />
0.6<br />
0.3<br />
900<br />
600<br />
300<br />
I<br />
1.6<br />
1.2<br />
0.8<br />
0.4<br />
rodesac R=0,15 komi.<br />
a<br />
cos f<br />
1<br />
f<br />
U 1<br />
U <br />
1<br />
110<br />
0 100 200<br />
nax. 4.3<br />
I f U I f<br />
U <br />
1<br />
1<br />
2<br />
1<br />
F fU<br />
1<br />
U , 1 v
3 x 10 m F n<br />
<br />
<br />
2.0<br />
1.6<br />
1.2<br />
0.8<br />
0.4<br />
1000<br />
800<br />
600<br />
400<br />
200<br />
111<br />
R 0.<br />
15<br />
R 0.<br />
30<br />
R 0.<br />
60<br />
0 100 200<br />
nax. 4.4<br />
x f<br />
U2 <br />
F fU2<br />
<br />
R 0.<br />
60<br />
R 0.<br />
30<br />
R 0.<br />
15<br />
U2, v
0,9<br />
0,6<br />
0,3<br />
S<br />
400<br />
300<br />
200<br />
100<br />
va<br />
Pvt<br />
200<br />
150<br />
100<br />
50<br />
<br />
112<br />
0 100 200<br />
R 0.<br />
60<br />
f( U2<br />
)<br />
P f<br />
R 0. 30 R 0.<br />
15<br />
nax. 4.5<br />
2<br />
2<br />
f S <br />
P f<br />
2<br />
2<br />
U <br />
2<br />
U<br />
f S <br />
P f<br />
2<br />
f S <br />
2<br />
2<br />
komi<br />
U <br />
2<br />
U<br />
2<br />
U <br />
2<br />
U<br />
2<br />
U2, v
113<br />
fardobasTan . amgznebebis eleqtruli kveba xorcildeboda<br />
0<br />
mcire sididis sinusoidaluri ucvleli Zabvis pirobebSi<br />
U const 40v,<br />
sistemaTa sakuTaris rxevis sixSire var , xolo<br />
iZulebiTi – const /cxrili 4.3; 4.4/.<br />
sakvlevi ukuqceviT-winsvliTi moZraobis erTtaqtiani<br />
vibraciuli danadgarebi meqanikurad gawyobili iyo ise, rom Ш<br />
da П -seburi amgznebebis Ruzasa da stators Soris arsebuli<br />
sahaero RreCoebis sidide 3,<br />
0 mm, xolo 0,<br />
5mm.<br />
0Ш<br />
maxasiaTeblebis F f da x f <br />
0<br />
0 П<br />
0<br />
0 <br />
Sedarebisas<br />
dadginda, rom irive formis amgznebebisaTvis sixSiruli<br />
mrudeebi tipiuri xasiaTisaa, kerZod, danadgaris rezonansamdel<br />
reJimSi muSaobisas izrdeba RuzaTa rxevis amplituda x ,<br />
amgznebi Zalva F da qselidan moTxovnili denis Zalis<br />
mniSvneloba. Tumca, eleqtromeqanikuri rezonansis dros,<br />
rodesac Ruzis gadaadgileba ganagrZobs svlas absoluturi<br />
mniSvnelobisaken x Ш 2,92 mm (rezonansis siaxloves), x П 3,<br />
58 mm,<br />
danadgaris mier qselidan moTxovnili energia Semcirebulia.<br />
kerZod, Ш-seburi amgznebiani vibrodanadgarisaTvis mkveTrad<br />
mcirdeba amgznebi Zalva FШ 80 n da adgili aqvs muSaobis<br />
aramdgrad reJims, rac gamowveulia Ruzisa da statoris<br />
SejaxebebiT. am dros, axali tipis magnitogamtarSi, amgznebi<br />
Zalva aviTarebs gacilebiT met sidides FП 180 n, Sedegad,<br />
izrdeba danadgaris m.q.k. da SenarCunebulia danadgaris<br />
funqciuri SesaZleblobebi.<br />
es, rogorc dazustda, gamomdinareobs magnitogamtarTa<br />
formisgan, ramdenadac, axali tipis П-sebur amgznebSi, romlis<br />
Ruza, moZraobs ra satatoris Reroebis polusebs Soris,
114<br />
uzrunvelyofilia drois nebismier momentSi mudmivi sahaero<br />
RreCos SenarCuneba, xolo aRZruli mizidvis Zalebi<br />
damokidebulia rogorc aRniSnuli RreCoebis sidideze, ise misi<br />
polusebis gadafarvis aqtiuri farTis cvlilebaze, riTac<br />
miiRweva Ruzis rxevebis amplitudis maqsimaluri sidide da<br />
meqanikur rezonansSi muSaobisas, gansxvavebiT Ш-seburi<br />
amgznebisagan, Ruzis gadadgileba ar iwvevs statoris<br />
polusebTan Sejaxebas. aseve, Semcirebulia fantvis nakadebi.<br />
Sedegad, am tipis amgznebiT aRWurvili eleqtromagnituri<br />
vibrodanadgarisaTvis mkveTrad gaumjobesebulia energetikuli<br />
da saeqspluatacio maCveneblebi.<br />
eqsperimentuli kvlevis meTodika aseve iTvaliswinebda<br />
vibroamgznebTa sahaero RreCoSi magnituri induqciis<br />
gansazRvras f b B , romelic Ш-seburi amgznebisaTvis<br />
warmoebda statikaSi, xolo П-seburisaTvis – dinamikaSi,<br />
RreCoebis mTeli sibrtyis gaswvriv, sadac b – magnitogamtaris<br />
siganea, mm. miuxedavad reJimTa sxvadasxvaobisa, sahaero RreCoSi<br />
induqciis ganawilebis mrudeebis forma identuria, gansxvavdeba<br />
mxolod maqsimaluri mniSvnelobiT /nax. 4.7/. dadginda, rom<br />
magnituri induqcia da, Sesabamisad, magnituri nakadi gacilebiT<br />
maRalia П-sebur magnitogamtarSi, rasac ganapirobebs Ruzisa da<br />
statoris polusebis gadafarvis aqtiuri farTis S cvlileba.<br />
Semowmda vibroamgznebis koWas gragnilebis izolacia<br />
gaxurebaze danadgaris oTx saaTiani datvirTviT muSaobis dros.<br />
koWis damyarebulma temperaturam zafxulis yvelaze cxel TveSi<br />
Seadgina 42 C<br />
0<br />
, xolo muSa temperaturaze izolaciis<br />
winaRobam – r 0,<br />
25 momi. gamocdiT miRebuli Sedegebi<br />
iz<br />
akmayofilebs standartebs [18, 104].
115<br />
cxrili 4.3. sabaziso vibroamgznebis (Ш-seburi magnitogamtari)<br />
#<br />
eqsperimentuli kvlevis Sedegebi<br />
R U2 I2 F x cosφ2 B /<br />
komi v a n m·10 -3 - tl -<br />
1 R=0,3 40 1,42 120 0,78 0,28 0,01 0,84<br />
2 _~_ 40 1,36 116 0,79 0,26 0,06 0,88<br />
3 _~_ 40 1,26 118 0,82 0,25 0,20 0,92<br />
4 _~_ 40 1,19 172 1,22 0,24 0,45 0,958<br />
5 _~_ 40 0,92 240 2,43 0,38 0,48 0,988<br />
6 _~_ _~_ 0,84 80 2,92 0,39 0,48 1,0<br />
7 _~_ _~_ 0,93 220 2,74 0,30 0,48 1,02<br />
8 _~_ _~_ 1,15 155 1,92 0,26 0,45 1,04<br />
9 _~_ _~_ 1,17 120 1,30 0,21 0,20 1,06<br />
10 _~_ _~_ 1,08 86 0,80 0,19 0,06 1,10<br />
11 _~_ _~_ 1,04 76 0,62 0,18 0,02 1,12<br />
12 _~_ _~_ 1,0 65 0,42 0,17 0,01 1,15
#<br />
116<br />
cxrili 4.4. axali vibroamgznebis (П-seburi magnitogamtari)<br />
eqsperimentuli kvlevis Sedegebi<br />
R U2 I2 F x cosφ2 B /<br />
komi v a n m·10 -3 - tl -<br />
1 R=0,3 40 1,73 170 1,35 0,37 0,04 0,84<br />
2 _~_ 40 1,67 162 1,38 0,35 0,08 0,88<br />
3 _~_ 40 1,57 172 1,41 0,34 0,32 0,92<br />
4 _~_ 40 1,50 238 1,83 0,33 0,72 0,958<br />
5 _~_ 40 1,23 332 3,0 0,47 0,72 0,988<br />
6 _~_ _~_ 1,15 180 3,58 0,48 0,72 1,0<br />
7 _~_ _~_ 1,24 308 3,38 0,39 0,72 1,02<br />
8 _~_ _~_ 1,46 217 2,56 0,35 0,72 1,04<br />
9 _~_ _~_ 1,48 170 1,87 0,30 0,32 1,06<br />
10 _~_ _~_ 1,39 124 1,37 0,28 0,08 1,10<br />
11 _~_ _~_ 1,35 116 1,21 0,27 0,04 1,12<br />
12 _~_ _~_ 1,31 92 0,98 0,26 0,02 1,15
F<br />
3<br />
10 m<br />
x<br />
ш<br />
<br />
F f <br />
п<br />
0<br />
<br />
x f <br />
0<br />
117<br />
nax. 4.6<br />
<br />
x f <br />
п<br />
ш<br />
0<br />
<br />
F f <br />
0<br />
<br />
0
B tl<br />
B п <br />
f<br />
b <br />
118<br />
nax. 4.7<br />
B f ш<br />
b b,
119<br />
4.2. Rvinomasalebis daZvelebis alternatiuli<br />
teqnologia da kvlevebis analizi<br />
Rvinomasalebis warmoebis teqnologia iTvaliswinebs Rvinis<br />
da sabrende spirtebis mravalwlian daZvelebas. es xangrZlivi<br />
procesi dakavSirebulia did danakargebTan - aorTqleba,<br />
TviTRirebulebis gazrda da a.S., rac mwarmoebeli<br />
kompaniebisaTvis sakmaod araxelsayrel faqtors warmoadgens.<br />
cxadia, daZvelebis xangrZlivi procesis Semcireba minimumamde<br />
daiyvanda danakargebs da stimuls miscemda mewarmes<br />
konkurentunariani maRali xarisxis produqciis sawarmoeblad.<br />
sazRvargareT SemuSavebulia rigi alternatiuli<br />
meTodebisa, romlebic SesaZleblobas gvaZleven miviRoT<br />
bunebrivad daZvelebuli Rvinisa da sabrende spirtebis<br />
tolfasi masalebi sakmaod SemWidroebul vadebSi. erT-erTi<br />
jgufi meTodebisa iTvaliswinebs Rvinomasalebis daZvelebis<br />
procesebis daCqarebas eleqtrofizikuri agentebis (bgeriTi<br />
rxevebi, ultrabgerebi, -gamosxiveba, eleqtromagnituri veli,<br />
maRali sixSiris deni da sxva) gamoyenebiT [25].<br />
spirtian sasmelebze bgeriTi rxevebis zemoqmedeba iwvevs<br />
siTxis Semadgeneli nawilakebis dispersias an maT SekavSirebas<br />
gacilebiT ufro msxvili nawilakebis warmosaqmnelad, rac sxva<br />
faqtorebTan erTad damokidebulia maTive bunebaze. rxevebiT<br />
gamowveuli mastimulirebeli zemoqmedeba agreTve<br />
dakavSirebulia kavitaciasTan, rac iwvevs qimiur da fizikur<br />
cvlilebebs sabrende spirtis mikrostruqturaSi. aRniSnuli<br />
meTodiT daZvelebuli sabrende spirti Tavisi organoleptikuri<br />
maCveneblebiT da xarisxiT maRla dgas bunebrivTan SedarebiT.
120<br />
amave dros sagrZnoblad mcirdeba daZvelebis xangrZlivoba<br />
[98].<br />
ultrabgerebiT damuSavebul RvinomasalebSi SeiniSneba<br />
orgvari efeqti: pirvel rigSi damuSavebisTanave umjobesdeba<br />
buketis Semadgenel komponentTa SeTanawyoba, meore mxriv ki<br />
efeqti ramodenime Tvis ganmavlobaSi iCens Tavs; izrdeba<br />
organuli mJavebis, eTerebis, aldehidebis raodenoba da<br />
mcirdeba umaRlesi alkoholebis Semcveloba. dadgenilia, rom<br />
energiis erTi nawili siTbod gardaiqmneba, danarCeni ki inaxeba<br />
siTxeSi da ixarjeba molekulebis da ionebis energiis donis<br />
asamaRleblad, rac damuSavebisTanave cvlis Rvinomasalebis<br />
organoleptikur maCveneblebs, xolo Semdgom periodSi aCqarebs<br />
daZvelebis teqnologiur process.<br />
Seswavlilia sxvadasxva tipis Rvinoebze -sxivebis<br />
zemoqmedebis Sedegi. am dros icvleba Rvinis Seferva da<br />
warmoiqmneba maWaris toni. Tumca didi dozebiT damuSavebisas<br />
irRveva qimiuri kompleqsi da gemoze SeiniSneba disharmonia.<br />
stimulirebidan 2-3 Tvis Semdeg umjobesdeba masalaTa<br />
organoleptikuri maCveneblebi da iZens sasiamovno aromats. -<br />
sxivebiT muSavdeba muxis tkeCebi da sabrende spirti rogorc<br />
cal-calke, aseve erTad. zemoqmedebis Sedegad izrdeba muxis<br />
tkeCebidan wyalSi da spirtSi xsnadi komponentebis raodenoba.<br />
axalgamoxdili da xuTwliani sabrende spirtis eleqtruli<br />
veliT damuSavebis Semdeg sacdel nimuSebSi SeimCneva mqrolavi<br />
mJavebis, saerTo da mJave eTerebis, aldehidebis da acetalebis<br />
raodenobaTa zrda [99, 110].<br />
Rvinomasalebisa da sabrende spirtebis vibraciuli<br />
damuSavebis efeqtianoba damokidebulia im rTuli procesebis
121<br />
safuZvlian codnaze, romlebic mimdinareoben Rvinis warmoebis<br />
procesSi (Rvinomasalebis bunebrivi daZvelebis dros) –<br />
eleqtrofizikuri zemoqmedebiT fizikur-qimiuri reaqciebis<br />
daCqareba da maRalxarisxovani sabrende spirtebisa da Rvinoebis<br />
warmoeba nakleb droSi, minimaluri danaxarjebiT; amasTan,<br />
daZvelebis xangrZlivi drois Semcireba da durdoze duRilis<br />
rTuli procesis gamartiveba, Tvisobrivad da xarisxobrivad<br />
axali stilis wiTeli naxevradtkbili da naxevradmSrali<br />
Rvinoebisa da mSrali primeri tipis Rvinoebis warmoeba, ar<br />
arRvevs produqtis komponentTa harmoniul Tanawyobas.<br />
Catarebuli kvlevebi efuZneboda vibraciuli rxevebiT<br />
fenoluri naerTebis eqstraqciis srulyofas yurZnis kanidan<br />
tkbilSi – sufris TeTri da wiTeli RvinoebisaTvis, xolo<br />
muxis tkeCidan spirtebSi – axalgazrda sabrende spirtebisaTvis,<br />
raTa dagvedgina Rvinomasalebis daZvelebis daCqarebis<br />
kanonzomierebis arsi.<br />
amasTanave, interess warmoadgenda mravalfaqtoriani<br />
amocana, rac gamoixateboda daZvelebis procesze vibraciuli<br />
rxevebis sxvadasxva xangrZlivobis eqspoziciaTa zemoqmedebis<br />
Seswavlasa da sasurveli optimaluri variantis dadgenaSi.
122<br />
4.2.1. sabrende spirtebis warmoebis ZiriTadi wesebi<br />
brends uwodeben magar alkoholur sasmels, specifikuri<br />
buketiT da gemoTi, damzadebuls sabrende spirtidan, romelic<br />
miRebulia yurZnis mSrali Rvinis gamoxdiT, xangrZlivi droiT<br />
Senaxul muxis kasrebSi, an mominanqrebul rezervuarebSi, sadac<br />
CatvirTulia muxis tkeCebi. spirtis misaRebad, Rvinomasalebi<br />
specialuri teqnologiiT mzaddeba TeTri da wiTeli (TeTri<br />
wesiT) yurZnis jiSebidan, romelTac ara aqvT specifikuri,<br />
mkveTrad gamoxatuli aromati da intensiuri Sefervis wveni.<br />
axalgazrda sabrende Rvinomasalebis gamoxda warmoebs<br />
mosavlis momdevno wlis 1 maisamde, perioduli da uwyveti<br />
moqmedebis specialuri aparatebiT, Tavnaxadis aucilebeli<br />
mocilebiTa da fraqcionirebiT [11, 45, 183, 197].<br />
62...70 moc% simagris sabrende spirtis daZveleba warmoebs<br />
kasrebSi miwiszeda da naxevarsardafis SenobaSi 15...20 0 C<br />
optimaluri temperaturisa da 70...85% fardobiTi tenianobis<br />
pirobebSi. fardobiTi tenianobis 75%-s qveviT Semcirebisas<br />
Senobas xelovnurad atenianeben. kasrebi mzaddeba mkvrivi,<br />
daxeTqili tkeCebisagan, romelic inaxeba Stabelebad, sul cota,<br />
sami wlis ganmavlobaSi. axal kasrebs amuSaveben Semdegi wesiT:<br />
3-4 dRis SualediT civi wyliT orjer gaJRenTaven da cxeli<br />
orTqliT 20...30 wuTs amuSaveben, gamoavleben jer cxel da<br />
Semdeg civ wyals da dasawretad alageben. liTonis<br />
mominanqrebul rezervuarSi spirtis daZvelebisas Senobis<br />
optimaluri temperatura unda Seadgendes 20...25 0 C.<br />
meTodiT:<br />
muxis tkeCebi muSavdeba qvemoT CamoTvlili erT-erTi
123<br />
Cveulebrivi damuSaveba. tkeCis damuSaveba warmoebs axali<br />
kasrebis damuSavebis meTodis mixedviT;<br />
gatutianebis meTodi. muxis tkeCebs amuSaveben 0,3...0,6%-iani<br />
mwvave kaliumiT 15...20 0 C temparaturaze 2...6 dRe-Ramis<br />
ganmavlobaSi. tutis gadmoRvridan 8...12 saaTis Semdeg tkeCebs<br />
3-4-jer recxaven gamdinare wylis qveS, Semdeg 6 dRe-Rames<br />
SenobaSi aniaveben an saSrobSi, araumetes 45 0 C-sa, erTi dRe-<br />
Ramis ganmavlobaSi aSroben;<br />
Termuli meTodi. am meTodiT muSavdeba muxis tkeCebis<br />
naxevari, danarCeni ki Cveulebrivi meTodiT. 5...7 dRis<br />
manZilze haeris Tavisufali miwodebiT tkeCebi saSrobSi<br />
105...125 0 C temperaturaze yovndeba, manam odnav yavisfrad ar<br />
Seifereba, Semdeg mas civi da cxeli wyliT amuSaveben.<br />
brendis xnovaneba gamoiTvleba muxis kasrebSi, an<br />
mominanqrebul rezervuarebSi dasaZveleblad maTi Casxmis<br />
wlidan. ianvarSi da imave wlis dekemberSi Casxmuli spirti<br />
uTanabrdeba erTi wlis daZvelebul spirts. fiziko-qimiuri da<br />
organoleptikuri maCveneblebis mixedviT sabrende spirti<br />
(axalgazrda) unda akmayofilebdes Semdeg moTxovnebs: feri –<br />
ufero; gemo da suni – sabrende spirtisaTvis damaxasiaTebeli,<br />
ucxo sunisa da gemos gareSe [157].<br />
iyofa:<br />
sabrende spirtebis daZvelebis procesi sam periodad<br />
I periodi 1-dan 5 wlamde grZeldeba. igi xasiaTdeba muxis<br />
tkeCis Zlieri eqstraqciiT. Sedegad, intensiurad<br />
mimdinareobs spirtSi fenoluri naerTebis, ligninis da<br />
hemocelulozas hirolizis produqtebis, uronis rZis da<br />
ZmarmJavebis gadasvla, ris gamoc, ares Ph mcirdeba.
124<br />
fenolur naerTebSi dominirebs dauJangavi tanini, spirti<br />
Ria yviTel Sefervas iZens da gemoze uxeSia;<br />
II periodi grZeldeba 5-dan 10 wlamde. am dros neldeba<br />
fenoluri naerTebis eqstraqcia, samagierod, izrdeba<br />
ligninisa da hemocelulozis hidrolizis produqtebis<br />
warmoqmnis procesi, matulobs daJanguli taninis<br />
raodenoba da aromatuli aldehidebis Semcveloba,<br />
rbildeba spirtis gemo. igi iZens sasiamovno vanilis tons.<br />
feri sagrZnoblad muqdeba Cais feramde;<br />
III periodi 10 welze zeviT grZeldeba. izrdeba daJanguli<br />
taninis raodenoba da aromatuli aldehidebis Semcveloba,<br />
adgili aqvs monosaqaridebis (glukozis) gadasvlas<br />
tkeCidan spirtSi, gemoze SesamCnevad rbildeba, xdeba<br />
harmoniuli, Seferiloba yviTel_oqrosferi xdeba.<br />
udidesi mniSvneloba aqvs brendis xarisxs, romlis<br />
mixedviTac igi SeiZleba davyoT ordinalur, samarko da<br />
sakoleqcio brendad. ordinaluri mzaddeba samidan xuT wlamde<br />
daZvelebuli sabrende spirtidan; samarko - saSualo asakis<br />
mqone, eqvs welze meti xnis spirtidan, xolo sakoleqcio -<br />
samarko brendidan, romlebsac, sul cota, 5 wlis ganmavlobaSi<br />
aZveleben muxis kasrebSi /nax. 4.8/ [37, 90].<br />
sabrende spirtebisaTvis dadgenilia spirtisa da Saqris<br />
Semdegi kondiciebi: gadaxra ar unda aRematebodes spirtis<br />
Semcvelobis mixedviT 0,3 moc.%-s, xolo Saqris Semcvelobis<br />
mixedviT 2 g/l-s. mZime liTonebis marilebis Semcveloba<br />
brendSi ar unda aRematebodes: spilenZisa – 8 mg/l, kalis – 5<br />
mg/l, rkinisa – 1 mg/l. yvela saxis brendSi meTilis spirtis<br />
Semcveloba ar unda aRematebodes 0,1 moc. %-s [183].
0<br />
912<br />
C<br />
125
126<br />
4.2.2. sabrende spirtebze Catarebuli eqsperimentuli<br />
kvlevis Sedegebi<br />
saanalizod aviReT axladgamoxdili sabrende spirti<br />
(gurjaanis Rvinis qarxana), romelic davyaviT xuT Tanabar<br />
nawilad (0,5 litri), movaTavseT minis WurWelSi da eqstraqciis<br />
srulyofisaTvis TiToeul nimuSSi CavuSviT 35 sm 3 moculobis<br />
muxis tkeCi. muxis tkeCebi winaswar damuSavda gatutianebis<br />
zemoaRwerili meTodiT.<br />
sabrende spirtebis 4 Tanabari nawili damuSavda<br />
vibraciuli rxevebiT, mkacrad gansazRvruli 30, 60, 90, 120 da 150<br />
wuTiani saeqspozicio droiT. damuSaveba warmoebda ori kviris<br />
manZilze – kviraSi erTxel da Semdgom, sakontrolo nimuSTan<br />
erTad moTavsda gril sacavSi.<br />
damuSavebidan erTi wlis Semdgom, sabrende spirtebSi<br />
ganisazRvra organoleptikuri maCveneblebi /cxrili 4.5/:<br />
1. eTilis spirtis Semcveloba – arbitraJuli meTodiT;<br />
2. meTilis spirti – fotokolosimetruli meTodiT;<br />
3. ph – eleqtrometruli meTodiT;<br />
4. titruli mJavianoba – acidometruli meTodiT;<br />
5. aqroladi mJavebi – gamartivebuli meTodiT.<br />
dadgenil iqna daZvelebis daCqarebis kanonzomiereba<br />
rogorc sakontroli, aseve vibraciuli rxevebiT<br />
aqtivizirebuli sabrende spirtebisaTvis, rac muxis tkeCidan<br />
spirtebSi fenoluri naerTebis eqstraqciis srulyofiT aixsneba.<br />
kerZod, rogorc analizebidan Cans, sabrende spirtebis<br />
daZvelebisaTvis saukeTeso Sedegi miiReba misi 60 wuTiani<br />
eqspoziciiT damuSavebisas. masSi, gansxvavebiT sxva
127<br />
nimuSebisagan, sagrZnoblad SeiniSneba ph aris – 3,50 da<br />
fenoluri naerTebis – 112,10 mg/dm 3 mateba, aseve spirtis Seferva<br />
muq Cais feramde, sxva danarCeni ki, maT Soris sakontrolo<br />
nimuSi, warmodgenili iqna Ria yviTeli SeferviT.<br />
sabrende spirtebis daZvelebis stimulireba warmoebda f=50<br />
hc samrewvelo sixSirisa da x 1,<br />
73 mm amplitudis mqone<br />
vibraciuli rxevebiT, qselidan moTxovnilma srulma simZlavrem<br />
Seadgina 168,8 va, m.q.k. – 93,0 %.
#<br />
128<br />
cxrili #4.5. sabrende spirtebis organoleptikuri maCveneblebi<br />
organoleptikuri<br />
maCveneblebi sakon-<br />
trolo<br />
eqspozicia, wT.<br />
30 60 90 120 150<br />
1 eTilis spirti; moc % 65-67 65-67 65-67 65-67 65-67 65-67<br />
2 meTilis spirti; moc % niS. niS. niS. niS. niS. niS.<br />
3 ph 3,00 3,35 3,50 3,35 3,45 3,45<br />
4 titruli mJavianoba; mg/dm 3 6,00 6,50 6,50 6,40 6,30 6,30<br />
5 aqroladi mJavebi; mg/dm 3 0,40 0,49 0,49 0,45 0,42 0,42<br />
6 fenoluri naerTebi; mg/dm 3 74,97 151,30 112,10 91,47 81,84 76,34<br />
7 aldehidebi; mg/dm 3 3,00 3,50 3,50 3,50 3,50 3,50<br />
8 eTerebi; mg/dm 3 8,00 8,00 8,00 8,00 8,00 8,00
129<br />
4.2.3. Rvinomasalebze Catarebuli eqsperimentuli<br />
kvlevis Sedegebi<br />
kvlevebi emyareboda, saqarTveloSi gavrcelebuli, sufris<br />
wiTeli da TeTri yurZnisgan miRebuli Rvinomasalebis sacdeli<br />
nimuSebis fiziko-qimiuri Semadgenlobis gansazRvris safuZvels<br />
[37, 142, 143].<br />
me-2 TavSi aRwerili eleqtromagnituri vibraciuli<br />
danadgaris /nax. 2.4/ gamoyenebiT saqarTvelos mebaReobis,<br />
mevenaxeobis da meRvineobis institutSi gamoicada wiTeli<br />
Rvinis daZvelebis axali teqnologia. kvlevebSi gamoyenebuli<br />
iqna wiTelyurZniani vazis jiSebi: `saferavi~, Sesabamisad 1995,<br />
1996, 1997 da 1998 wlebis mosavlisa da 1998 wlis – `Takveri~.<br />
damuSavebis win janmrTel yurZens mocilda klerti da Semdeg<br />
daiWylita, durdoSi Setanil iqna 50 mg/l-ze gogirdovani<br />
anhidridi. pirveli sakontrolo nimuSi damuSavda wiTeli Rvinis<br />
klasikuri teqnologiiT, romelic iTvaliswinebs durdos<br />
duRils 70 g/l narCen Saqramde, Semdgom gamownexvas da durdos<br />
gareSe saboloo daduRebas. meore sakontrolo nimuSis<br />
SemTxvevaSi durdos gamownexva da tkbilis daduReba moxda<br />
egredwodebuli `TeTri~ wesiT.<br />
sacdeli RvinomasalebisaTvis gankuTvnili durdos<br />
nimuSebi alkoholur duRilamde damuSavda 1, 3, 5 da 10 saaTiani<br />
saeqspozicio droiT, ris Semdgom sabolood warmoebda<br />
damuSavebuli durdos gamownexva da tkbilis duRili `TeTri~<br />
wesiT.<br />
sakontrolo da sacdel Rvinomasalebze Catarebulma<br />
qimiurma da organoleptikurma analizebma aCvena, rom
130<br />
sakontrolo Rvinis nimuSis feri uaxlovdeba sacdeli<br />
Rvinomasalis nimuSis fers. aRsaniSnavia, rom sakontrolo<br />
RvinomasalebSi Senelebulia saRebavi nivTierebebis gamoleqva,<br />
rac savaraudod alkoholis Semcvelobazea dakavSirebuli.<br />
rogorc analizebidan Cans, wiTeli Rvinis daZvelebisaTvis<br />
saukeTeso Sedegi miiReba misi 10 saaTiani erjeradi<br />
saeqspozicio droiT damuSavebisas. sakontrolosgan<br />
gansxvavebiT, sacdel RvinoSi, izrdeba eTanolis, xolo<br />
mcirdeba meTanolisa da mqrolavi mJavebis raodenoba /cxrili<br />
4.6, 4.7/.<br />
dakvirvebebma aCvena, rom sacdeli Rvinis nimuSebi<br />
SeferilobiT ar CamorCebian sakontrolos, da piriqiT, gaaCniaT<br />
ukeTesi organoleptikuri maCveneblebi, gemoze SeiniSneba<br />
harmonia, daZvelebis procesi RvinoebSi viTardeba kargad da 1-3<br />
wlis Semdegac miiRes maRali Sefaseba.<br />
analogiuri samuSaoebi Catarda saqarTvelos saxelmwifo<br />
sasoflo-sameurneo universitetis meRvineobis ganyofilebaSi,<br />
kerZod, yuradReba gamaxvilebuli iqna TeTryurZniani vazis<br />
jiSze – `rqawiTeli~, 2002 da 2003 wlebis mosavlis. yurZeni<br />
daikrifa gurjaanis raionis sof. mukuzanis mikro-raionSi. 2002<br />
wlis meRvineobis sezonze yurZeni moikrifa or etapad: pirveli<br />
– 23% Saqrianobisa da 7g/dm 3 titruli mJavianobis, meore – 18%<br />
Saqrianobisa da 6g/dm 3 titruli mJavianobis mqone yurZeni, xolo<br />
2003 wlis mosavlis yurZenSi Saqrianoba Seadgenda 24%-s,<br />
titruli mJavianoba – 7g/dm 3 .<br />
durdos gamownexva da tkbilis daduReba moxda kaxuri<br />
Rvinis damzadebis klasikuri teqnologiis Tanaxmad, rodesac<br />
Rvinomasala WaWaze imyofeba 2–3 Tvis ganmavlobaSi, raTa igi
131<br />
gamdidrdes fenoluri da aramqrolavi komponentebiT. cdebi<br />
Catarda sxvadasxva saeqspozicio droiT /ix. cxrili 4.8; 4.9/ [19,<br />
30, 209, 210].<br />
analizebma cxadyo, rom sufris TeTri Rvinis<br />
daZvelebisaTvis saukeTeso Sedegi miiReba misi durdos 30<br />
wuTiani eqspoziciiT damuSavebisas. masSi, gansxvavebiT sxva<br />
nimuSebisagan, sagrZnoblad SeiniSneba ph aris – 3,62 gr/dm 3 da<br />
fenoluri naerTebis – 1530 g/dm 3 mateba /cxrili 4.8/.<br />
aseve, msjelobis sagans warmoadgens, yurZnis daWyletili<br />
marcvlebis 30 wT saeqspozicio droiT damuSavebisas, RvinoSi<br />
warmarTuli daZvelebis procesis Sedegebi, sadac ph are – 3,15<br />
gr/dm 3 da fenoluri naerTebis – 1351,5 g/dm 3 Seadgens /cxrili 4.9/.
# m e T o d i<br />
1<br />
2<br />
3<br />
4<br />
5<br />
6<br />
132<br />
cxrili #4.6. wiTel RvinoSi antocianebis Semcveloba, mg/l.<br />
klasikuri teqnologiiT<br />
daduRebuli (sakontrolo)<br />
`TeTri~ wesiT daduRebuli<br />
(sakontrolo)<br />
sacdeli nimuSis 1 sT<br />
saeqspozicio droiT damuSaveba<br />
(`TeTri~ wesiT daduRebuli)<br />
sacdeli nimuSis 3 sT<br />
saeqspozicio droiT damuSaveba<br />
(`TeTri~ wesiT daduRebuli)<br />
sacdeli nimuSis 5 sT<br />
saeqspozicio droiT damuSaveba<br />
(`TeTri~ wesiT daduRebuli)<br />
sacdeli nimuSis 10 sT<br />
saeqspozicio droiT damuSaveba<br />
(`TeTri~ wesiT daduRebuli)<br />
(A - axali Rvino, B - 1 wlis Rvino)<br />
1995<br />
weli<br />
saferavi Takveri<br />
1997<br />
weli<br />
1998<br />
weli<br />
1999<br />
weli<br />
A B A B A B A B<br />
2120 1590 1470 980 1350 930 170 500<br />
320 230 200 140 110 90 100 70<br />
800 670 620 450 580 400 280 180<br />
1200 960 890 630 800 570 430 310<br />
1740 1390 1140 780 1010 710 610 430<br />
2060 1610 1610 970 1200 850 700 480
133<br />
cxrili #4.7. wiTel RvinoebSi eTanolis, meTanolis da mqrolavi mJavebis Semcveloba<br />
# m e T o d i<br />
1<br />
2<br />
3<br />
4<br />
5<br />
6<br />
(A - eTanoli, moc %; B - meTanoli, mg/l; C - mqrolavi mJavebi, g/l)<br />
klasikuri teqnologiiT<br />
daduRebuli (sakontrolo)<br />
`TeTri~ wesiT daduRebuli<br />
(sakontrolo)<br />
sacdeli nimuSis 1 sT<br />
saeqspozicio droiT damuSaveba<br />
(`TeTri~ wesiT daduRebuli)<br />
sacdeli nimuSis 3 sT<br />
saeqspozicio droiT damuSaveba<br />
(`TeTri~ wesiT daduRebuli)<br />
sacdeli nimuSis 5 sT<br />
saeqspozicio droiT damuSaveba<br />
(`TeTri~ wesiT daduRebuli)<br />
sacdeli nimuSis 10 sT<br />
saeqspozicio droiT damuSaveba<br />
(`TeTri~ wesiT daduRebuli)<br />
1995<br />
weli<br />
saferavi Takveri<br />
1997<br />
weli<br />
1998<br />
weli<br />
1999<br />
weli<br />
A B C A B C A B C A B C<br />
15,1 158 1,2 12,8 120 1,1 12,5 104 1,1 10,6 111 0,9<br />
15,4 75 0,8 13,5 46 0,6 13,2 65 0,5 11,3 48 0,5<br />
15,5 110 0,9 13,3 58 0,6 13,3 64 0,5 11,4 45 0,4<br />
15,4 125 0,8 13,4 57 0,5 13,1 71 0,6 11,2 56 0,6<br />
15,6 120 0,8 13,6 67 0,7 13,2 75 0,7 11,3 57 0,5<br />
15,6 124 0,9 13,4 78 0,6 13,2 70 0,6 11,2 68 0,5
# m e T o d i<br />
134<br />
cxrili #4.8. sufris TeTri Rvinis qimiuri Semadgenlobis zogierTi<br />
komponentis raodenobiTi mniSvneloba (2002 weli)<br />
s i m a g r e<br />
g a m o s a v l i s<br />
m i x e d v i T , m o c .<br />
%<br />
s i m a g r e<br />
x v e d r i T i<br />
w o n i s m i x e d v i T<br />
m o c . %<br />
e q s t r a c i a<br />
x v e d r i<br />
w o n i s m i x e d v i T<br />
m o c . %<br />
t i t r u l i<br />
m J a v i a n o b a<br />
g / d m 3<br />
a q r o l a d i<br />
m J a v e b i<br />
g / d m 3<br />
R v i n i s m J a v e b i<br />
g / d m 3<br />
f e n o l u r i<br />
n a e r T e b i<br />
( t a n i n i )<br />
g / d m 3<br />
p h<br />
S a q r i a n o b a<br />
%<br />
1 sakontrolo 12,0 12,02 3,002 5,9 0,36 1,7 1020 3,54 0,27<br />
2<br />
3<br />
4<br />
5<br />
mTliani mtevnebis 15 wT<br />
saeqspozicio droiT<br />
damuSaveba<br />
durdos 15 wT<br />
saeqspozicio<br />
droiT damuSaveba<br />
mTliani mtevnebis 30 wT<br />
saeqspozicio droiT<br />
damuSaveba<br />
durdos 30 wT<br />
saeqspozicio<br />
droiT damuSaveba<br />
11,8 11,77 3,080 6,23 0,36 1,7 1071 3,55 0,23<br />
11,8 11,60 3,080 6,4 0,44 2,1 1122 3,52 0,23<br />
12,0 12,11 3,054 6,23 0,44 1,8 1275 3,61 0,26<br />
12,0 11,60 2,418 6,1 0,44 1,5 1530 3,62 0,24<br />
1 sakontrolo 10,3 10,17 2,015 5,56 0,54 2,16 867 3,65 0,16<br />
2<br />
daWyletili marcvlebis 30<br />
wT saeqspozicio droiT<br />
damuSaveba<br />
10,82 10,92 2,113 5,56 0,54 2,26 969 3,66 0,14
# m e T o d i<br />
135<br />
cxrili #4.9. sufris TeTri Rvinis qimiuri Semadgenlobis zogierTi<br />
komponentis raodenobiTi mniSvneloba (2003 weli)<br />
s i m a g r e<br />
g a m o s a v l i s<br />
m i x e d v i T ,<br />
m o c . %<br />
s i m a g r e<br />
x v e d r i T i<br />
w o n i s m i x e d v i T<br />
m o c . %<br />
e q s t r a c i a<br />
x v e d r i<br />
w o n i s m i x e d v i T<br />
m o c . %<br />
t i t r u l i<br />
m J a v i a n o b a<br />
g / d m 3<br />
a q r o l a d i<br />
m J a v e b i<br />
g / d m 3<br />
R v i n i s m J a v e b i<br />
g / d m 3<br />
f e n o l u r i<br />
n a e r T e b i<br />
( t a n i n i )<br />
g / d m 3<br />
p h<br />
S a q r i a n o b a<br />
%<br />
1 sakontrolo 11,49 10,84 2,646 5,84 0,44 2,10 1912,5 3,30 0,13<br />
2<br />
mTliani mtevnebis 15 wT<br />
saeqspozicio droiT<br />
damuSaveba<br />
durdos 15 wT<br />
11,38 11,85 2,825 6,49 0,44 2,16 2073 3,58 0,09<br />
3 saeqspozicio<br />
droiT damuSaveba<br />
mTliani mtevnebis 30 wT<br />
10,40 10,84 2,266 6,55 0,36 2,28 2346 3,37 0,33<br />
4 saeqspozicio droiT<br />
damuSaveba<br />
durdos 30 wT<br />
10,69 11,17 2,672 6,20 0,36 2,20 2856 3,30 0,27<br />
5 saeqspozicio<br />
droiT damuSaveba<br />
10,50 10,76 2,418 6,13 0,44 2,71 2860 3,23 0,36<br />
1 sakontrolo 11,10 1,26 2,494 6,49 0,36 2,80 1275 3,09 0,12<br />
2<br />
daWyletili marcvlebis 30<br />
wT saeqspozicio droiT<br />
damuSaveba<br />
11,50 11,17 2,670 6,70 0,60 3,0 1351,5 3,15 0,29
136<br />
Tavi V. eleqtromagnituri vibraciuli danadgarebis<br />
saimedoobis sakiTxisaTvis<br />
swrafad ganviTarebadi teqnikuri progresis amocanebidan<br />
gamomdinare manqana-danadgarebisa da mowyobilobebis<br />
saimedoobis sakiTxi teqnikur sistemaTa sirTulis muSaobis<br />
pirobebis eqstremalurobis, xarisxis, reJimebis intensivobis,<br />
funqcionalurobisa da avtomatizaciis amaRlebasTan erTad<br />
metad aqtualuri xdeba. vibraciuli danadgarebisaTvis<br />
saimedooba warmoadgens erT-erT ZiriTad teqnikur-ekonomikur<br />
maCvenebels. vibraciuli danadgarebis proeqtirebis stadiaze<br />
saimedoobis angariSi, rogorc wesi, gvaZlevs arasakmarisad<br />
zust Sedegs. Tumca, misi saimedoobis raodenobrivi Sefaseba,<br />
sakmarisad miaxloebuli saZiebel sididesTan, SeiZleba miviRoT<br />
statistikuri gamoTvlebis gziT. aRsaniSnavia, rom saimedoobis<br />
statistikuri Sefasebis sizuste ganapirobebs danadgaris<br />
saimedo muSaobas, rac damokidebulia gamocdis raodenobaze,<br />
mtyunebaTa da sxva saWiro monacemTa bazis sisruleze [8, 9, 10].<br />
Catarebulma kvlevebma saSualeba mogvca migveRo<br />
eleqtromagnitur vibraciul danadgarSi gamoyenebul elementTa<br />
muSaobis mtyunebaTa intensivobis sidideebi [145, 146, 175],<br />
romelTa mniSvnelobebic TiToeuli elementisaTvis mocemulia<br />
cxrili 5.1-Si. mtyunebis qveS aq igulisxmeba qmedeba, romlis<br />
drosac vibraciuli danadgari kargavs unars Seasrulos maszed<br />
dakisrebuli funqcia. zogad SemTxvevaSi, mtyuneba ganimarteba<br />
ara marto danadgaris gauTvaliswinebeli gaCerebiT, aramed<br />
iseTi iZulebiTi gamorTviT, rodesac saWiroa Catardes<br />
aucilebeli saremonto samuSaoebi.
137<br />
cxrili 5.1. eleqtromagnituri vibrodanadgaris saimedoobis<br />
elementis<br />
dasaxeleba<br />
vibraciuli danadgari<br />
statistikuri monacemebi<br />
raod.<br />
N#<br />
zeda<br />
zRvari<br />
mtyunebaTa intensivoba<br />
. 10 -6 , sT -1<br />
saSualo<br />
mniSvneloba<br />
qveda<br />
zRvari<br />
viboamgznebis koWa 1 0.045 0.03 0.01<br />
zambara 3 0.40 0.1125 0.04<br />
resori 3 0.05 0.0328 0.001<br />
fila 1 0.50 0.087 0.035<br />
sadgari 1 0.98 0.10 0.035<br />
rezervuari 1 0.14 0.02 0.008<br />
SeerTeba-mirCilviT 8 0.008 0.004 0.0002<br />
SeerTeba-WanWikiT 10 0.19 0.05 0.002<br />
danadgaris marTvis sqemis elementebi<br />
mcveli 1 0.221 0.05 0.001<br />
kondensatori 1 0.29 0.05 0.003<br />
Tiristori 1 3.7 0.90 0.42<br />
dinistori 1 0.39 0.20 0.03<br />
diodi 1 0.40 0.060 0.028<br />
rezistori-I 2 0.19 0.13 0.07<br />
rezistori-II 1 1.20 0.317 0.045<br />
avt. amomrTveli 1 2.75 0.1375 0.045
138<br />
statistikuri dakvirvebebis mixedviT, eleqtromagnitur<br />
vibraciul danadgarebSi, mwyobridan xSirad gamodian drekadi<br />
elementebi – zambarebi, resorebi da a.S. gragnilebis mtyuneba<br />
aRiricxeba SedarebiT iSviaTad, radgan isini warmoadgenen<br />
praqtikulad uZrav elementebs da amave dros gaaCniaT<br />
ventilaciis sakmao pirobebi [113, 119, 135, 159]<br />
vibrodanadgarebis saimedoobis gaangariSebis iseTi<br />
praqtikuli amocanebis gadasawyvetad, rogoricaa sistemis<br />
umtyunebo da mtyunebiT funqcionirebis albaTobis Sefaseba<br />
drois SedarebiT mokle intervalSi, ganvixiloT aRdgenadi<br />
elementebisagan Semdgari teqnikuri sistemis muSaoba or<br />
ZiriTad reJimSi calkeuli elementebis sawyisi mdgomareobis<br />
gaTvaliswinebiT:<br />
rodesac vibrodanadgaris nebismieri elementis mwyobridan<br />
gamosvlis SemTxvevaSi danarCeni elementebi gaiTiSebian. e.i.<br />
gamarTuli elementebis mtyunebaTa intensivoba drois am<br />
monakveTSi nulis tolia, rac aRniSnavs imas, rom<br />
nebismieri elementis aRdgenis dros sistemis arcerT sxva<br />
elements ar SeuZlia mtyuneba. magaliTad, vibrobunkeris<br />
eleqtromagnitis koWis mwyobridan gamosvlisas sistemis<br />
meqanikuri elementebi da marTvis bloki gaiTiSeba /nax. 5.1/.<br />
rodesac nebismieri elementis mwyobridan gamosvlisas<br />
danarCeni elementebi rCebian muSa mdgomareobaSi da maTi<br />
mtyunebaTa intensivoba ucvlelia sxva elementis<br />
mdgomareobaze damoukideblad /nax. 5.2/. ese igi nebismieri<br />
meqanikuri elementis (zambara, resori, bunkeri da a.S.)
1 2<br />
139<br />
1 1<br />
1 <br />
2<br />
<br />
2 1<br />
<br />
2 2<br />
3 <br />
4<br />
nax. 5.1. sistemis muSaobis drois diagrama, rodesac<br />
nebismier elementis mtyunebisas danarCeni<br />
elementebi gaiTiSebian.<br />
sadac -elementis mtyunebis momentia; -mwyobridan gamosuli<br />
elementis aRdgenis ganmavlobaSi gamarTul elementTa<br />
( k)<br />
gamorTvis momenti; i - i-uri elementis aRdgenis k-uri<br />
intervali;<br />
( k)<br />
-sistemis ( k)<br />
i<br />
aRdgenis k-uri intervali.<br />
1 2<br />
1 2 1 1<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
1<br />
2 2<br />
<br />
<br />
1 2 3<br />
3<br />
<br />
<br />
2<br />
3 1<br />
<br />
3 2<br />
3 <br />
4<br />
nax. 5.2. sistemis muSaobis drois diagrama, rodesac<br />
nebismieri elementis mtyunebisas danarCeni<br />
elementebi imyofebian muSa mdgomareobaSi.
140<br />
mtyunebisas eleqtromagnitis koWa da marTvis bloki<br />
ganagrZobs funqcionirebas, Tumca am dros vibrodanadgaris<br />
funqcionaluri SesaZleblobebi SezRudulia da ar miiReba<br />
saTanado teqnologiuri efeqti [21, 177].<br />
eleqtromagnituri vibrodanadgaris funqcionirebis<br />
raodenobrivi Sefasebis da mis Semadgenel nawilTa<br />
saimedoobis gansazRvrisaTvis gamoviyeneT Semdegi ZiriTadi<br />
kriteriumebi:<br />
1. sistemis umtyunebo muSaobis albaTobaa P(t);<br />
2. mtyunebaTa intensivoba , sT -1 ;<br />
3. saSualo namuSevari pirvel mtyunebamde T saS, sT.<br />
vibraciuli danadgaris, rogorc rTuli teqnikuri sistemis<br />
umtyunebo muSaobis albaToba ganvsazRvreT gamosaxulebiT:<br />
n<br />
t P t P t ... P t P t 1<br />
2<br />
n<br />
<br />
i1<br />
P (5.1)<br />
sadac Pi(t) – i-uri elementis umtyunebo muSaobis albaToba t<br />
drois ganmavlobaSi;<br />
t – sistemis muSaobis xangrZlivoba, sT.<br />
pirvel mtyunebamde saSualo namuSevaris saxiT T saS<br />
aRebulia umtyunebo muSaobis drois maTematikuri lodinis<br />
albaToba, rac gamoisaxeba Semdegi saxiT:<br />
i<br />
T Ptdt<br />
, sT. (5.2)<br />
saS<br />
soflis meurneobaSi eleqtromowyobilobis muSaobis<br />
rTuli pirobebis gaTvaliswinebiT (Zabvis dabali xarisxobrivi<br />
maCveneblebi, agresiuli garemo – muSaoba Ria cis qveS, maRal<br />
temperaturaze, mtvrian da tenian garemoSi, qimiurad aqtiuri<br />
masalebis, kerZod, yurZnis durdos, spirtis, Rvinomasalebis da
141<br />
a.S. damuSaveba) angariSSi viyenebdiT mtyunebaTa intensivobis<br />
cxrilebSi moyvanil zRvrul sidideebs.<br />
teqnikuri agregatebis muSaobaTa mtyunebas, rogorc<br />
SemTxveviT movlenas, gaaCnia droSi ganawilebis sxvadasxva<br />
kanoni. gamoTvlebis dros gamoyenebulia SemTxveva, rodesac<br />
yvela elementi eqvemdebareba droSi ganawilebis<br />
eqsponencialur kanons [3, 12, 132, 181]:<br />
P<br />
i<br />
T saS<br />
<br />
it<br />
t e ,<br />
<br />
<br />
1<br />
, sT. (5.3)<br />
eleqtromagnituri vibrodanadgaris mtyunebaTa<br />
intensivobis saSualo sidide drois erTeulSi Caiwereba<br />
Semdegi saxiT:<br />
miviRebT:<br />
n<br />
<br />
i1<br />
N N N<br />
N , sT-1 . (5.4)<br />
1<br />
1<br />
2<br />
2<br />
...<br />
am gamosaxulebaSi cxrili 4.1-dan mniSvnelobebis SetaniT<br />
=(1 . 0,045+3 . 0,4+3 . 0,05+1 . 0,5+1 . 0,98+1 . 0,14+8 . 0,008+10 . 0,19+1 . 0,221+1 . 0,29+<br />
+1 . 3,7+1 . 0,39+1 . 0,4+2 . 0,19+1 . 1,2+1 . 2,75)10 -6 =14,310 -6 sT -1 .<br />
saSualo namuSevari pirvel mtyunebamde<br />
1 10<br />
5<br />
T 0,<br />
6910<br />
, sT. (5.5)<br />
saS<br />
14,<br />
3<br />
vibraciuli danadgaris umtyunebo muSaobis albaToba<br />
(konstruqciis saimedooba) Seadgens:<br />
<br />
5000<br />
5<br />
0,<br />
6910<br />
0,<br />
0724<br />
PP5000 e e 0,<br />
930<br />
P<br />
10000<br />
n<br />
n<br />
1<br />
1,<br />
075<br />
1<br />
1,<br />
155<br />
<br />
5<br />
0,<br />
6910<br />
0,<br />
1448<br />
10000 e e 0,<br />
866<br />
i<br />
i<br />
(5.6)
1,0<br />
0,8<br />
0,6<br />
0,4<br />
0,2<br />
0<br />
P<br />
0.930<br />
0.866<br />
<br />
20000<br />
0.748<br />
142<br />
5<br />
0,<br />
6910<br />
0,<br />
2898<br />
P P20000<br />
e e 0,<br />
748<br />
<br />
30000<br />
0.647<br />
1<br />
1,<br />
336<br />
1<br />
1,<br />
544<br />
5<br />
0,<br />
6910<br />
0,<br />
4347<br />
P P30000<br />
e e 0,<br />
647<br />
<br />
50000<br />
1<br />
2,<br />
063<br />
5<br />
0,<br />
6910<br />
0,<br />
7246<br />
P P50000<br />
e e 0,<br />
485<br />
zemomoyvanili angariSidan Cans, rom eleqtromagnituri<br />
vibraciuli danadgaris 10000 sT muSaobisas, konstruqciis<br />
mwyobridan gamosvlis albaToba 1000 danadgarze ar aRemateba<br />
13,4%-s [21].<br />
nax. 5.3. eleqtromagnituri vibraciuli danadgaris<br />
umtyunebo muSaobis albaTobis diagrama<br />
p f t 0.485<br />
10 20 30 40 50<br />
t,<br />
3<br />
sT 10
143<br />
Tavi VI. eleqtromagnituri vibrodanadgarebis energetikuli<br />
da ekonomikuri efeqtianobis maCveneblebi<br />
sasoflo-sameurneo sawarmoo ciklSi, kerZod<br />
meRvinomasalebis daZvelebis teqnologiur procesSi<br />
gamoyenebuli eleqtromagnituri vibraciuli danadgarebis<br />
ekonomikuri efeqtianoba damokidebulia mraval faqtorze,<br />
romelTa Soris aRsaniSnavia Semdegi parametrebi: Sromatevadoba<br />
damzadebaze, masalaTtevadoba, saimedooba, mwarmoeblobis<br />
xarisxi, momsaxurebis simartive, axali teqnikis gabarituli<br />
zomebi da a.S. erTi da igive agregatis sxvadasxva pirobebSi<br />
gamoyeneba iZleva gansxvavebul energetikul da ekonomikur<br />
efeqts. es damokidebulia misi gamoyenebis da datvirTvis<br />
xasiaTze, im momsaxure personalis kvalifikaciaze, romlebic<br />
emsaxurebian eleqtrificirebul danadgarebs da asruleben mis<br />
gamarTva-SekeTebas [111, 164].<br />
mocemul danaxarjTa minimizaciis kriteriumidan<br />
gamomdinareobs, rom axali teqnikis danergviT gamowveuli<br />
efeqti ganisazRvreba xarjTa Semcirebis an energotevadobis<br />
gazrdiT. danaxarjTa Sedegobrivi Sedareba saSualebas gvaZlevs<br />
ganvsazRvroT danadgarTa damuSavebisa da gamoyenebis<br />
efeqturobis mizanSewoniloba. axali teqnika SeiZleba<br />
CaiTvalos efeqtianad mxolod im SemTxvevaSi, roca misi<br />
saeqspluatacio maCveneblebi uzrunvelyofen momxmarebelTa mier<br />
aucilebeli ekonomikuri xarjebis gaRebis mizanSewonilobas. am<br />
poziciebidan cxadi xdeba, rom danadgarTa faqtobrivi<br />
efeqtianobis analizs saukeTesod pasuxobs misive gaangariSeba.<br />
Sesabamisad, danadgarTa ganzogadebuli efeqtianobis
144<br />
maCvenebels warmoadgens maTi danergviT gamowveuli wliuri<br />
ekonimikuri efeqti, xolo saboloo angariSiT, energetikul-<br />
ekonomikuri efeqtianobis kriteriumad SeiZleba CaiTvalos<br />
eleqtrificirebul danadgarTa mwarmoeblobis zrda.<br />
eleqtromagnituri vibraciuli danadgarebis teqnikur-<br />
ekonomikuri maCveneblebis SefasebisaTvis damuSavebulia<br />
Sesabamisi meTodikebi, romlebic kompleqsuri midgomis<br />
meSveobiT metad zustad gansazRvraven danadgarTa efeqtianobis<br />
sidides. am meTodikis mixedviT ansxvaveben mosalodnel,<br />
dagegmil da faqtiur efeqtianobas, romelTa parametrebis povna<br />
Cvens interess warmoadgens.<br />
naSromSi ganxiluli eleqtromagnituri vibrodanadgarebis<br />
energetikuli efeqtianobis sakiTxis Seswavlis garda, cxadia,<br />
aucileblobas warmoadgenda ekonomikuri efeqtianobis<br />
maCveneblebis dadgena-dazusteba, rameTu mkacri sabazro<br />
ekonomikis pirobebSi araefeqtiani warmoeba, moZvelebuli<br />
teqnologiebi da, Sesabamisad, dargis araprogresirebadi<br />
samecniero-teqnikuri midgomebi mewarmis gakotrebis tolfasia<br />
[161, 162].<br />
swored am obieqturad aucilebeli ekonomikuri<br />
procesebidan gamomdinare, saangariSo-konstruqciuli meTodikis<br />
gamoyenebiT, wliuri dayvanili danaxarjebis S gamoTvlebis<br />
d<br />
safuZvelze, ganvaxorcieleT sawarmoo pirobebSi momuSave<br />
eleqtromagnituri vibraciuli danadgarebis ekonomikuri<br />
efeqtianobis dazusteba. zemomoyvanili maCvenebeli farTodaa<br />
gavrcelebuli prognozirebis praqtikaSi da ganisazRvreba<br />
Semdegi saxiT [173, 188]:<br />
S H EK<br />
d (6.1)
145<br />
sadac H – wliuri saeqspluatacio danaxarjebi, lari;<br />
K – kapitaluri danaxarjebi, lari;<br />
E 1 T – kapitaluri danaxarjebis efeqtianobis<br />
koeficienti (0.15); sadac T –kapitaluri danaxarjebis<br />
amogebis vada, weli;<br />
Cveni miznis gansaxorcieleblad, sabaziso (arsebuli) da<br />
axali (damuSavebuli) eleqtromagnituri vibrodanadgarebisaTvis<br />
unda viangariSoT wliuri dayvanili danaxarjebi S da S .<br />
d1<br />
d2<br />
sawyis etapze dadginda kapitaluri danaxarjebi K , romelic<br />
gamoiTvleba danadgaris Rirebulebaze transportirebis (8%),<br />
sasawyobo Senaxvis (1%), montaJis (10%), amuSavebis da<br />
regulirebis (1%) danaricxebis damatebiT. Sesabamisad,<br />
K 1<br />
xolo axali danadgarisaTvis:<br />
K 2<br />
453,<br />
6 453,<br />
6 20%<br />
544,<br />
32 lari, (6.2)<br />
412,<br />
3 412,<br />
3<br />
20%<br />
494,<br />
76 lari. (6.3)<br />
wliuri saeqspluatacio danaxarjebi H , Tavis mxriv,<br />
iTvaliswinebs:<br />
1. danaxarjebs amortizaciaze H : am<br />
H 1<br />
am 1 Pam<br />
K 0,<br />
164 544,<br />
32 89,<br />
27 lari, (6.4)<br />
sadac P – saamortizacio anaricxis norma.<br />
am<br />
H 2<br />
am 2 Pam<br />
K 0,<br />
164 494,<br />
76 81,<br />
14 lari; (6.5)<br />
2. danadgarSi eleqtroenergiis danakargebis Rirebulebas H el ,<br />
romelic ganisazRvreba formuliT:<br />
H C W<br />
, (6.6)<br />
el el<br />
sadac W – agregatSi wlis ganmavlobaSi eleqtroenergiis<br />
danakargebi, kvt/sT w;<br />
C el – 1 kvt/sT eleqtroenergiis Rirebuleba, lari.
146<br />
saqarTvelos energetikis maregulirebeli komisiis mier<br />
dadgenili eleqtruli energiis tarifi gansxvavebulia<br />
regionebisa da el.energiis gamanawilebeli kompaniebis mixedviT,<br />
rac ar iZleva srulfasovani ekonomikuri gaangariSebis<br />
SesaZleblobas, amitom gamoTvlebSi gamoviyeneT saSualo<br />
Sewonili Rirebuleba – 0,25 lari:<br />
H 1<br />
el 1 Cel<br />
W<br />
0,<br />
25 279,<br />
5 69,<br />
88 lari, (6.7)<br />
H C W<br />
0,<br />
25158,<br />
5 39,<br />
63<br />
el2 el 2 lari; (6.8)<br />
3. mimdinare remontis danaxarjebs H , romelic<br />
mr<br />
ganisazRvreba zemoT ganmartebuli meTodikiT:<br />
H mr1 27,<br />
06 lari, (6.9)<br />
Hmr 2 15,<br />
90 lari; (6.10)<br />
4. danaxarjebs danadgaris momsaxureobaze H : m<br />
sabaziso danadgarisaTvis:<br />
m<br />
H H H <br />
H 0,<br />
05 , lari, (6.11)<br />
am<br />
H H H 0,<br />
0589,<br />
27 69,<br />
88 27,<br />
06<br />
9,<br />
31<br />
H 0,<br />
05<br />
m 1<br />
am1<br />
el1<br />
mr1<br />
lari, (6.12)<br />
xolo axali vibrodanadgarisaTvis:<br />
H H H 0,<br />
0581,<br />
14 39,<br />
63 15,<br />
90<br />
6,<br />
83<br />
Hm 2 0,<br />
05 am 2 el2<br />
mr2<br />
lari. (6.13)<br />
sabaziso da axali vibraciuli danadgarebisaTvis wliuri<br />
saeqspluatacio danaxarjebis H TvalsaCinod warmosadgenad<br />
Sedgenil iqna cxrili 6.1.<br />
wliuri dayvanili danaxarjebis S sabolood dasadgenad,<br />
d<br />
(6.1) formulis gamoTvlis Sedagad vRebulobT:<br />
S 1<br />
el<br />
mr<br />
195,<br />
52 0,<br />
15 544,<br />
32 277,<br />
17<br />
d lari, (6.14)<br />
S 2<br />
143,<br />
50 0,<br />
15<br />
494,<br />
76 217,<br />
71 lari. (6.15)<br />
d
147<br />
cxrili 6.1. sabaziso da axal vibrodanadgarze gaweuli wliuri<br />
saeqspluatacio<br />
saeqspluatacio danaxarjebi<br />
Rirebuleba, lari<br />
danaxarjebi 1 (sabaziso) 2 (axali)<br />
H 89,27 81,14<br />
am<br />
H el<br />
69,88 39,63<br />
H 27,06 15,90<br />
mr<br />
H 9,31 6,83<br />
m<br />
H 195,52 143,50<br />
rogorc gamoTvlebidan Cans, ekonomikuri efeqtianoba<br />
gacilebiT maRalia axal (damuSavebul) vibraciul danadgarSi,<br />
romelic sabaziso danadgarze gaweuli danaxarjebis 78,5%-s<br />
Seadgens [173, 188].
148<br />
daskvnebi da rekomendaciebi<br />
1. naCvenebia, rom Rvinomasalebis daZvelebis daCqareba da am<br />
masalebis organoleptikuri maCveneblebis amaRleba Zalze<br />
mniSvnelovania meRvineobis Semdgomi ganviTarebisaTvis da am<br />
aqtualuri amocanis gadasawyvetad erT-erT perspeqtiul gzas<br />
eleqtrificirebuli teqnologiebis, kerZod ki, vibraciuli<br />
damuSavebis gamoyeneba warmoadgens.<br />
2. dadgenilia, rom meRvineobis teqnologiuri procesebis<br />
intensifikaciisaTvis Seqmnili ukuqceviT-winsvliTi<br />
moZraobis erTtaqtiani eleqtromagnituri vibraciuli<br />
amgznebiT aRWurvili danadgarebi, romelTa konstruqciebi<br />
daculia saqarTvelos #P2082B da #P3180B patentebiT,<br />
muSaobisunariania, arsebulTan SedarebiT naklebad<br />
liTontevadi da amave dros energodamzogia, radgan misi<br />
amgznebi eleqtromagniti sxva prototipebisagan gamoirCeva<br />
eleqtromeqanikuri parametrebis regulirebis sizustiT da<br />
f=50 hc samrewvelo sixSireze meqanikur da eleqtromagnitur<br />
rezonansTan axlo reJimSi stabiluri muSaobiT, rac miiRweva<br />
imiT, rom amgznebis Ruza, moZraobs ra satatoris polusebs<br />
Soris, uzrunvelyofs drois nebismier momentSi jamuri<br />
sahaero RreCos mudmivobas. aRZruli mizidvis Zalebi<br />
damokidebulia rogorc aRniSnuli RreCoebis sidideze, ise<br />
polusebis gadafarvis farTis cvlilebaze, riTac miiRweva<br />
Ruzis rxevebis amplitudis maqsimaluri sidide da meqanikur<br />
rezonansSi muSaobisas Ruzis gadaadgileba ar iwvevs<br />
statoris polusebTan Sejaxebas. aseve, damuSavebuli<br />
eleqtromagnituri vibraciuli danadgaris ZiriTadi
149<br />
upiratesobeba aris is, rom igi uzrunvelyofs danadgaris<br />
sadgaris, romelzec magrdeba cisterna, kasri da a.S.,<br />
moZraobas rogorc ukuqceviT-winsvliTi, aseve xraxnuli<br />
traeqtoriiT.<br />
3. rogorc ukuqceviT-winsvliTi moZraobis, aseve kuTxiT-rxeviTi<br />
moZraobis vibroamgznebebiT aRWurvili danadgarebis<br />
energetikuli maCveneblebis asamaRleblad damuSavebul iqna<br />
maTi eleqtruli kvebisa da marTvis Tiristoruli sqemebi,<br />
romlebic mkvebavi Zabvis regulirebis meSveobiT<br />
uzrunvelyofen 8,5 litris tevadobis mqone eqsperimentuli<br />
danadgaris wevis Zalis F=45...665 n zRvrebSi cvlilebas,<br />
xolo rxevebis amplitudis x=0,45...1,73 mm farglebSi<br />
regulirebas; am sqemebis meSveobiT, danadgarTa meqanikuri<br />
sistemis gawyobisgan damoukideblad, SesaZlebelia<br />
danadgaris rezervuaris rogorc moZraobis traeqtoriis,<br />
aseve gadaadgilebis amplitudis Secvla da Sedegad,<br />
Rvinomasalebis daZvelebis stimulirebisaTvis, saWiro<br />
reJimis miRweva.<br />
4. eleqtromagnituri vibroamgznebebiT aRWurvili danadgarebis<br />
muSaobis reJimebis eqsperimentul kvlevaze da miRebuli<br />
Sedegebis analizze dayrdnobiT, Seswavlilia Rvinisa da<br />
sabrende spirtebis daZvelebis stimulirebaze f=50 hc<br />
samrewvelo sixSirisa da x=1,73 mm amplitudis mqone<br />
vibraciuli rxevebis sxvadasxva, 15 wuTidan 10 saaTamde<br />
zRvrebSi, eqspoziciaTa zemoqmedeba da rekomendebulia<br />
optimaluri varianti, kerZod – sabrende spirtebis<br />
daZvelebisaTvis saukeTeso Sedegi miiReba misi 60 wuTiani,<br />
wiTel RvinoSi – 10 saaTiani, xolo sufris TeTr RvinoSi –
150<br />
rogorc durdos, aseve yurZnis daWyletili marcvlebis 30<br />
wuTiani eqspoziciiT damuSavebisas.<br />
5. dadgenilia, rom sabrende spirtebis, mokrefili yurZnis<br />
mtevnebis an marcvlebis da durdos vibraciuli damuSavebis<br />
efeqtianoba dakavSirebulia rogorc Rvinomasalebis<br />
bunebrivi daZvelebis dros mimdinare procesebze, agreTve<br />
eleqtrofizikuri zemoqmedebiT daCqarebul fizikur-qimiur<br />
reaqciebze, rac saSualebas iZleva vawarmooT<br />
maRalxarisxovani Rvinomasalebi nakleb droSi, minimaluri<br />
danaxarjebiT; amasTan, SemoTavazebuli meTodiT daZvelebis<br />
drois Semcireba da durdoze duRilis rTuli procesis<br />
gamartiveba, Tvisobrivad da xarisxobrivad axali stilis<br />
sabrende spirtebis, wiTeli naxevradtkbili da<br />
naxevradmSrali Rvinoebisa da mSrali primeri tipis<br />
Rvinoebis warmoeba ar arRvevs produqtis komponentTa<br />
harmoniul Tanawyobas.<br />
6. vibrodanadgaris funqciuri da principuli eleqtruli<br />
sqemebis analizze da muSaobis reJimebisa da pirobebis<br />
gaTvaliswinebaze agebuli meTodikis safuZvelze<br />
Seswavlilia danadgaris saimedoobis maCveneblebi, rac<br />
Catarebulia mtyunebaTa intensiobebis droSi<br />
eqsponencialuri ganawilebis kanonze dayrdnobiT.<br />
dadgenilia, rom vibraciuli danadgaris 10000 sT muSaobisas,<br />
konstruqciis mtyunebis albaToba ar aRemateba 13,4%-s, xolo<br />
namuSevari mtyunebaze ar aris 69000 saaTze naklebi, rac<br />
sakmaod maRal maCvenebels warmoadgens da danadgaris<br />
sawarmoo eqspluataciis pirobebs akmayofilebs.
151<br />
7. Catarebulma teqnikur-ekonomikurma analizma gviCvena, rom<br />
danadgaris sawarmoo pirobebSi gamoyeneba saSualebas iZleva<br />
gamovaTavisufloT Rvinomasalebis Sesanaxi moculobebi, rac<br />
iZleva faqtiur wliur ekonomikur efeqts, umjobesdeba<br />
miRebuli produqtis xarisxi da mcirdeba danakargebi;<br />
SemoTavazebul konstruqciaze gaweuli kapitaldabandebebis<br />
amogebis vada ar aRemateba 1 wels, kerZod, wliuri dayvanili<br />
danaxarjebi Seadgens 217,71 lars, rac sabaziso danadgarze<br />
gaweuli danaxarjebis 78,5%-ia.<br />
8. kvlevebis Sedegebis gavrcleba rekomendebulia<br />
Rvinomasalebis mwarmoebel obieqtebze. kerZod, dadgenilia<br />
gamoyenebis mizanSewoniloba, radgan Tanamedrove pirobebSi,<br />
damuSavebuli eleqtromagnituri vibraciuli danadgaris<br />
konstruqciuli Sesrulebis simartive, momsaxureobis<br />
moxerxebuloba, liTontevadobis Semcireba, sruli<br />
avtomatizebis da mravalmxrivi funqciuri SesaZlebloba,<br />
maRali energetikuli, kargi saeqspluatacio da ergonomiuli<br />
maCveneblebi ganapirobebs imas, rom meRvineobis teqnologiur<br />
procesebSi eleqtromagnituri vibraciuli danadgarebis<br />
gamoyenebiT Semcirdeba meRvineobis dargSi arsebuli<br />
problemebi da mewarmes miscems mniSvnelovan faqtiur wliur<br />
ekonomikur efeqts iseT xangrZliv sawarmoo ciklSi,<br />
rogoricaa samarko Rvinisa da sabrende (koniakiseburi)<br />
spirtebis daZveleba.
152<br />
gamoyenebuli literatura<br />
1. berozaSvili g. v. eleqtromagnituri vibraciuli manqanebi<br />
saxalxo meurneobaSi. Tbilisi, `sabWoTa saqarTvelo~, 1986.<br />
– 157 gv.;<br />
2. didebuliZe a. k. avtomatizirebuli eleqtroamZravis<br />
proeqtireba. Tbilisi, sssi, 1983. – 56 gv.;<br />
3. didebuliZe a. k., wulaZe i. S. eleqtromowyobilobis<br />
eqspluatacia. Tbilisi, sssi, 1983. – 56 gv.;<br />
4. didebuliZe a. k., qsovreli r.i. eleqtromagnituri vibratori.<br />
saqarTvelos patenti gamogonebaze #227. saqarTvelos<br />
sapatento uwyebis biuleteni #2, 1995;<br />
5. didebuliZe a., qsovreli r., maisaSvili l. transportioris<br />
vibroamZravis drekadi elementebis SerCeva da gaangariSeba.<br />
agraruli mecnierebis problemebi, samecniero<br />
SromaTaAkrebuli, t. XXIX. Tbilisi, 2004. gv. 132–136;<br />
6. didebuliZe a., qsovreli r., maisaSvili l. eleqtromagnituri<br />
vibratoris ZiriTadi meTodologiuri gaangariSeba.<br />
agraruli mecnierebis problemebi, samecniero<br />
SromaTaAkrebuli, t. XXXII. Tbilisi, 2005. gv. 145–148;<br />
7. vaSakiZe a. algoriTmizacia da daproeqteba. Tbilisi,<br />
saqarTvelos ssi, 1991. – 56 gv.;<br />
8. kacitaZe j. b. sasoflo-sameurneo teqnikis saimedoobis<br />
safuZvlebi. Tbilisi, sssi, 1981. – 43 gv.;<br />
9. kacitaZe j. b. manqanaTa saimedooba da remonti. Tbilisi,<br />
`ganaTleba~, 1989. – 192 gv.;<br />
10. laoSvili d. p. eleqtromomaragebis sistemebis saimedooba.<br />
Tbilisi, `merkuri~, 1993. – 241 gv.;
153<br />
11. laSxi a. enoqimia. Tbilisi, `ganaTleba~, 1970. – 440 gv.;<br />
12. maisaSvili l. kuTxiTrxevadi eleqtromagnituri<br />
vibroamZravis saimedooba. agraruli mecnierebis problemebi,<br />
samecniero SromaTaAkrebuli, t. XXXVI. Tbilisi, 2006.<br />
gv. 171-173;<br />
13. maxarobliZe r. eqsperimentis dagegmvis Tanamedrove meTodebi<br />
sasoflo-sameurneo teqnikis sakiTxebze. Tbilisi, 1974.<br />
– 167 gv.;<br />
14. merabiSvili p. eleqtroteqnikis safuZvlebi. Tbilisi, stu,<br />
2005. – 317 gv.;<br />
15. metreveli v. i. avtomatizebuli eleqtroamZravi soflis<br />
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