Oseana, Volume XVII, Nomor 4 - Pusat Penelitian Oseanografi-LIPI

sumber:www.oseanografi.lipi.go.idMangroveSediment filterNutrient filterFishery resources (fin andshellfish)Net transfer of production tocoastal fisheriesBreeding and spawning formany coastal speciesNursery ground for coastalestuarine speciesLinks to seagrass, Coral reefsShoreline protectionBuffer for tidal swampsTimberFuelTanning and other chemicalsTransmigration sitesConversion to dry landExcessive upland soil erosionOver exploitation of woodOver exploitation of fisheryresourcesUpland irrigation and waterwithdrawalOil pollutionDegraded coastal waterqualityLoss of most values, functionsand usesLoss and degradation ofhabitat due to sediment fillingReduced fisher)' productionReduced fry productionReduced nursery habitatSecondary impact to reefs,scagrasses, swampsSeagrass bedsNutrient filterNet transfer of production tocoastal fisheriesFeeding habitat for greenturtles and dugongsNursery grounds for coastalfisheriesLinks to mangroves, coralreefsFisher>' production, especiallyfinfishCoastal urban pollution(thermal and domesticsewage)Industrial pollutionExcessive coral miningExcessive upland soilfisheriesInappropriate coastaldevelopmentDegradation of habitat Loss ofhabitat due to filing in Lossofhabitatdueof hydraulicchanges Displacement ofscagrasses Reduced fisher)'production Loss of fry andbreeding habitatCoral reefsLinks to seagrass, mangroves,beaches and coral islandsShoreline protection Beachsand replenishment,productivity Shellfishproduction Finfish productionSpawning grounds for fishNursery grounds for fishTourism and recreationOrnamental species (shells,corals, fish etc.) Sea weedharvesting MaricultureExcessive coral miningSedimentation Dredgingand filling Overexploitation Industrialdischarges Fishing withpoisons and explosivesUrban pollution Oilpollution WaterpollutionCoastal erosionDegraded tourismLoss of nursery and spawninghabitat for fishDestruction fromsedimentation, filling anddredgingDegradation from waterpollutionDestruction of habitatDemersal Ecosystems High productivity in Over exploitationupwelling and coastal areas Excessive coastal pollutionHigh prawn and finfish Oil pollutionproductionInappropriate fishingtechniquesPelagic Ecosystems High productivity in Over exploitationupwelling areaOil pollutionHigh yield migratory speciesLoss of fishery habitatReduced fishery productionDegraded and tainted catchReduced fishery productionDegraded and tainted catch141Oseana, Volume XVII No. 4, 1992