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Formula Puissant (direct problem)Nilai pendekatan awal ∆ϕ (k=0) dapat ditentukan melalui :0 s∆ϕ≈12 s2cosα−1212 tan ϕ1sin α212N 2N13121s22−12 cosα12sin α12(1+ 3tan ϕ1).........36+N−Penentuan bujur geodetik λ 2 :λ2= λ1+ ∆λ∆λ =sN122sin αcosϕ122⎡⎢1−⎣⎢s212226N⎛⎜1−⎝sin2cos2αϕ122⎞⎤⎟⎥⎠⎥⎦Ref. Krakiwsky & Thompson, 1978Vanicek & Krakiwsky, 1982
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