sakvebwarmoeba da cxovelTa kveba
sakvebwarmoeba da cxovelTa kveba
sakvebwarmoeba da cxovelTa kveba
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23<br />
metia masis temperatura, Saqris Semcveloba (gansakuTrebiT glukoza <strong>da</strong><br />
fruqtoza) <strong>da</strong> wyali, rac ufro Zlieria Jangbadis nakadi. wylis <strong>da</strong>nakargebis<br />
gazrdiT gaSrobisas <strong>da</strong> pH mniSvnelobis SemcirebiT <strong>da</strong>sasilosebeli masis<br />
Cawyobis Semdeg mcirdeba mcenareuli fermentebis aqtiuroba, romlebic<br />
xleCen sayuaTo nivTierebebs. mSrali nivTierebis koncentraciis done, roca<br />
35%-ia, mkveTrad mcirdeba ujredebis sunTqviTi aqtiuroba, romelic saerTod<br />
wydeba, roca mSrali nivTierebis koncentracia aRwevs 40%. sunTqvis procesSi<br />
mcenareuli proteazebi Slian proteinebs peptidebamde <strong>da</strong> aminomJaveebamde.<br />
izrdeba wyalSi xsnadi azotis Semcveli Senarevebis koncentracia 70%-mde,<br />
azotis saerTo Semcvlelobi<strong>da</strong>n. arasakmarisi gaSrobisas SeimCneva proteinis<br />
sagrZnobi <strong>da</strong>nakargebi, mcenaris gamoyofil wvenTan erTad. gansxvavebiT sxva<br />
mcenareuli fermentebisgan, proteazebi aqtiurebi arian anaerobul areSi.<br />
Tumca pH mniSvnelobis 4,3-ze qveviT, misi moqmedebac wydeba.<br />
biologiuri duRilis winapirobebi. sasurvel process <strong>da</strong>silosebisas<br />
warmoadgens rZemJavas duRili. am dros advilad fermentirebadi<br />
naxSirwylebi, rZemJava baqteriebis (laqtobaqteriebi) moqmedebiT iSlebian<br />
rZis mJavamde. es baqteriebi inarCuneben srul aqtiurobas anaerobul<br />
pirobebSi. maT agreTve ga<strong>da</strong>aqvT Jangbadis mcire raodenoba. wylis sawyisi<br />
raodenoba sasilose masaSi inaxeba, Tu Cawyobisas m.n.-s Semcveloba aRwevs<br />
25%. sayuaTo nivTierebis <strong>da</strong>nakargis sidide <strong>da</strong>mokidebulia sakvebis saxeobaze<br />
<strong>da</strong> masis Cawyobis pirobebze, <strong>da</strong>silosebis mimdinareobis procesze, agreTve<br />
silosis sacavis gaxsnis Semdeg konservirebuli sakvebis temperaturaze.<br />
rZis mJava baqteriebi awarmoeben <strong>da</strong>makonservirebel rZemJavas, sayuaTo<br />
nivTierebebis mcire <strong>da</strong>nakargebiT. duRilis procesSi monawileobas Rebulobs<br />
sxva<strong>da</strong>sxva saxeobis rZis mJava baqteriebis didi raodenoba (Leuconostoc,<br />
Laktobaсillus, Pediococcus, Streptococcus <strong>da</strong> sxva). heqsozaze, moqmedebis tipis<br />
mixedviT rZemJava deRilis baqteriebs yofen homofermentaciul <strong>da</strong><br />
heterofermenta-ciulad. homofermentaciuli baqteriebi Slian heqsozas rZis<br />
mJaveebamde, imavdroulad pentozis <strong>da</strong>Slisas <strong>da</strong>matebiT warmoiqmneba Zmris<br />
mJavac. heterofermentaciuli baqteriebi Zmris mJavasTan erTad warmoqmnian<br />
<strong>da</strong>matebiT sxva duRilis produqtebs (WianWvelamJavis, erbos <strong>da</strong> valerianis<br />
mJaveebs, naxSirorJangs, meTans, eTinols <strong>da</strong> sxva. rac ufro naklebia Tanmdevi<br />
produqtebis wili, miT ufro naklebia duRilisas energiis <strong>da</strong>nakargebi.<br />
mcenaris Semadgeneli saqaroza <strong>da</strong> polisaqaroza saboloo gar<strong>da</strong>qmnamde<br />
mikrobuli <strong>da</strong> mcenareuli fermentebis moqmedebiT ixliCebian<br />
monosaxaridebamde. sufTa ZmarmJava duRili ar arsebobs. Tu rZemJavas<br />
Semcveloba aRwevs duRilis mJavebis saerTo masis 75%-s, maSin iTvleba, rom<br />
duRilis procesi mimdinareobs optimalurad. mJavaTa Semadgenloba arsebiTad<br />
ganapirobebs silosis xarisxs. erbos mJavis Tun<strong>da</strong>c mcireodeni raodenoba<br />
silosSi, amcirebs mis Wamadobas <strong>da</strong> Senaxvis xangrZlivobas.<br />
Cadebisas, 1 g. <strong>da</strong>sasilosebeli nedleuli Seicavs aranakleb 1000<br />
laqtobaqterias. pirvelsave dReebSi mimdinareobs maTi swrafi gamravleba 10 8 -<br />
10 9 mikrobul ujre<strong>da</strong>mde 1 g <strong>da</strong>sasilosebel masaSi. Tu <strong>da</strong>silosebis procesi<br />
<strong>da</strong>mTavr<strong>da</strong>, baqteriebis raodenoba kvlav mcirdeba. laqtobaqteriebis<br />
gamravlebis siCqare, maSasa<strong>da</strong>me <strong>da</strong>silosebis xarisxi, <strong>da</strong>mokidebulia advilad<br />
duRebad naxSirwylebis raodenobaze (mono <strong>da</strong> disaqaridebi), makro <strong>da</strong> mikro<br />
elementebis Semcvlelobaze, vitaminsa <strong>da</strong> proteinze. rZis mJavis<br />
koncentraciis gadideba <strong>da</strong> Semdgom pH–is mniSvnelobis Semcireba silosSi<br />
nela mimdinareobs, vidre laqtobaqteriebis gamravleba. rZemJava baqteriebis<br />
klasifikacias atareben, xelmZRvaneloben ra temperaturis cvalebadobiT
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