sakvebwarmoeba da cxovelTa kveba
sakvebwarmoeba da cxovelTa kveba
sakvebwarmoeba da cxovelTa kveba
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formirebaSi umniSvnelovanesia<br />
5<br />
marcvlovan mdelos mcenareulobis<br />
vegetaciuri ganaxleba, mdelos balaxi izrdeba ra mdeloze, gavlenas axdens<br />
erTimeoreze, imyofeba bunebrivi pirobebis, a<strong>da</strong>mianisa <strong>da</strong> cxovelebis<br />
gavlenis qveS, yvela es momenti Tavs iCens mdelos sxva<strong>da</strong>sxva balaxnaris<br />
formirebis, mravalwlianobasa <strong>da</strong> maT mosavlianobaSi.<br />
mdelos balaxebis jgufebis, ojaxebisa <strong>da</strong> calkeul saxeobaTa<br />
biologiur TaviseburebaTa codna saSualebas gvaZlevs ganvsazRvroT uxeSi<br />
(Tiva, senaJi) <strong>da</strong> mwvane masis Rirebuleba <strong>da</strong> maTi sameurneo-sawarmoo<br />
mniSvneloba. mdelos mcenareulobis biologiuri <strong>da</strong> Taviseburebebi<strong>da</strong>n<br />
gamomdinare, fermaSi wlis <strong>da</strong>sawyisSi <strong>da</strong>saxuli <strong>da</strong> ganxorcielebuli un<strong>da</strong><br />
iqnes mdelos movlisa <strong>da</strong> gamoyenebis RonisZiebebi.<br />
mdelos balaxebis Seswavlisas saWiroa vicodeT, rom Wamadi masa iyofa<br />
oTx sameurneo jgufad: marcvlovnebad, parkosnebad, islebad <strong>da</strong><br />
nairbalaxebad. marcvlovnebi bartyobis tipis mixedviT iyofa: fesurian,<br />
fesurian-meCxerbuCqovan, buCqmeCxer <strong>da</strong> mkvrivbuCqovan, xolo foTlis gawyobis<br />
mixedviT – maRlar, naxevradmaRlar <strong>da</strong> <strong>da</strong>blar marcvlovnebad.<br />
balaxdgarSi gabatonebuli marcvlovnebis bartyobis tipebi axasiaTebs<br />
kordisa <strong>da</strong> nia<strong>da</strong>gis mdgomareobas mTlianad <strong>da</strong> gansazRvravs mdelos<br />
xnovanebis stadiebs (fesuriani, meCxerbuCqovani <strong>da</strong> mkvrivbuCqovani).<br />
mdelos balaxebi gansxvavdeba ganviTarebis tempiT, adreulobiT,<br />
momwifebisa <strong>da</strong> sicocxlis xangrZlivobiT, rasac saTibi <strong>da</strong> saZovruli<br />
gamoyenebis <strong>da</strong>dgenisas didi sawarmoo mniSvneloba aqvs. mag. mdelos<br />
timoTela, ufxo Svriela, maRali koin<strong>da</strong>ri, lerwmisebri Citifetva <strong>da</strong> sxvebi<br />
iTvleba maRlar marcvlovnebad, aqvT kargad SefoTlili Rero <strong>da</strong> gamoiyeneba<br />
rogorc saTibi mcenareebi, xolo iseTebi, rogoricaa mdelos Tivaqasra,<br />
saZovrebis koin<strong>da</strong>ri, wiTeli wivana <strong>da</strong> sxvebi, <strong>da</strong>blari marcvlovnebia <strong>da</strong><br />
gamoiyeneba saZovrad.<br />
mdelos gamoyenebis swori reJimis <strong>da</strong>sadgenad gansakuTrebuli<br />
mniSvneloba aqvs mravalwlovan mcenareebSi samarago-sazrdo (plastikuri)<br />
nivTierebebis <strong>da</strong>grovebis dinamikas, romlebic did rols asruleben<br />
balaxnaris sagazafxulo aRmocenebaSi <strong>da</strong> aqvitis unarSi.<br />
I.2. saTibebisa <strong>da</strong> saZovrebis mcenareebis ekologia<br />
mdelos mcenareebis biologiur TaviseburebaTa codnasTan erTad,<br />
aucilebelia verkveodeT maT ekologiaSi, e.i. garemo pirobebSi <strong>da</strong> mcenareebsa<br />
<strong>da</strong> garemos Soris urTierT<strong>da</strong>mokidebulebaSi, romelSic isini izrdebian.<br />
aucilebelia yuradReba mieqces ekologiuri pirobebis mcenares – indikators<br />
(edifikators).<br />
mcenaresa <strong>da</strong> garemos Soris arsebuli urTierT<strong>da</strong>moklidebuleba<br />
mniSvnelovan gavlenas axdens balaxnaris tipis formirebaze. amitom mcenaris<br />
ekologii<strong>da</strong>n gamomdinare, saWiroa gamoiyos Semdegi mcenareebi:L<br />
a) wylis reJimze <strong>da</strong>mokidebulebis mixedviT: mSrali adgilsamyofelis<br />
mcenareebi – qserofitebi, saSualo tenianobis mcenareebi-mezofitebi <strong>da</strong><br />
Warbtenian adgilebSi mozardi-higrofitebi; b) mcenareebi, romlebic<br />
izrdebian sxva<strong>da</strong>sxva mJave, mlaSob, neitralur <strong>da</strong> tute reaqciis mqone<br />
nia<strong>da</strong>gebze; g) gvalvagamZleni, tengamZleni <strong>da</strong> zamTargamZleni (yinvagamZleni);<br />
d) mcenareebi, romlebic uZleben sxva<strong>da</strong>sxva xangrZlivobiT <strong>da</strong>tborvas<br />
(limanuri mcenareebi); e) mcenareebi, romlebsac axasiaTebT bioturi <strong>da</strong><br />
abioturi stresebis mimarT gansakuTrebuli mdgradoba. aseve yuradReba un<strong>da</strong>
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