Indagine sulla cippatura in Italia - Ivalsa - Cnr

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LE PROVE Si cippano essenzialmente rami e cimali 22 sono stati eseguiti su piantagioni industriali, e anche molti dei tagli fitosanitari interessavano popolamenti di origine artificiale ammalatisi per varie cause. La stretta associazione tra piantagioni e cippatura non deve sorprenderci. In Italia, l’arboricoltura da legno è l’unica forma di selvicoltura ad avere una minima dimensione industriale, e quindi è la più favorevole all’impiego di una tecnologia di lavorazione moderna, concepita per l’utilizzatore industriale. Il legname I residui di utilizzazione costituivano la maggior parte del legname cippato durante le prove (fig. 5). La cippatura di piante intere è stata osservata solo nel 15% dei casi, ed anche questo materiale poteva essere considerato un residuo. Infatti, la cippatura integrale era applicata solo alle piante di scarsa qualità, che non potevano essere trasformate in alcun altro assortimento commerciale. Queste piante erano comunque il prodotto secondario di un intervento più ampio che produceva legname di valore. Altrimenti, questo materiale di scarto derivava da lavori di manutenzione, il cui obiettivo primario non era la produzione di cippato ma piuttosto la ripulitura di un fosso, lo sgombero di un alveo o il miglioramento di un bosco degradato. Per distinguere tra cimali e ramaglie abbiamo impiegato la taglia media come discriminante, contando tra i cimali anche i rami più grossi. Le dimensioni del pezzo medio dipendevano soprattutto dalla strategia di assortimentazione adotta- n° di prove n° of trials 35 30 25 20 15 10 5 0 Taglio raso del pioppeto Taglio raso di piantagione Taglio raso del ceduo Diradamento o conversione Figura 4 - Distribuzione delle prove tra differenti operazioni selvicolturali. Figure 4 - Distribution of the trials among different silvicultural operations. Taglio fitosanitario Taglio raso del pioppeto = Clearcut poplar Taglio raso di piantagione = Clearcut plantation Taglio raso del ceduo = Clearcut coppice Diradamento o conversione = Thinning Taglio fitosanitario = Salvage Ripulitura alveo = Cleaning Ripulitura alveo Indagine sulla cippatura in Italia • A survey of Italian chipping operations
variety of large machines as cannot be found anywhere else in the Country. The most recent Gandini and Pezzolato models are all here, as well as the only Scandinavian chipforwarder used in Italy - an old 220 kW Bruks CT900. The Alps are the least represented region, despite our efforts to include non-Italian operations. The district heating business has just begun and chip demand is still limited. Chipping operations are not as common as in the two river valleys, where the large particleboard factories provide an important industrial outlet - despite the falling demand for forest chip. The stands and the silviculture 70% of the trials were carried out in hardwood stands. Industrial poplar plantations constitute over the half of the hardwood sites. The rest is coppice - mostly oak, chestnut, beech or black locust. Artificial pine plantations are the most represented softwood stands. Maritime pine is the major species, followed by radiata pine, umbrella pine and some white pine. Douglas fir is also common on the Apennines. Chip production is associated with a specific silviculture, as shown in figure 4. Clearcuts give the highest contribution. Thinning operations also play an important role in providing substantial amounts of chip. Salvage and cleaning constitute a relevant minority. After all, chip production heavily depends on plantation forestry. Most of the clearcuts and of the thinnings in figure 4 were carried out on industrial plantations, and the salvage operations often concerned diseased artificial stands. The close association between chip production and plantation forestry is no surprise. In Italy, plantation forestry is the only form of silviculture that has any industrial dimension and can suit industrial logging technology. The Wood Most of the wood to be chipped was logging residue. Whole-tree chipping was Altro (Other) 6% Tronchi (Logs) 13% Piante intere (Whole tree) 15% Figura 5 - Tipologia del legname cippato. Figure 5 - Type of wood chipped. Ramaglie sottili (Slash) 22% Cimali (Tops) 44% THE TRIALS Plantations the most represented Indagine sulla cippatura in Italia • A survey of Italian chipping operations 23
Page 1 and 2: Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche
Page 3 and 4: CONTRIBUTI SCIENTIFICO-PRATICI PER
Page 5 and 6: CONTRIBUTI SCIENTIFICO-PRATICI PER
Page 7 and 8: Chapter 1 - Introduction ..........
Page 9 and 10: Breakdowns and repairs ............
Page 11 and 12: Chapter 1 - Introduction Foreword M
Page 13 and 14: Such model will allow fuel managers
Page 15 and 16: The survey includes 102 chipping tr
Page 17 and 18: many of the Italian operations. The
Page 19: government subsidies has pushed som
Page 23 and 24: observed in 15% of the cases only,
Page 25 and 26: The Machines and the Operators Our
Page 27 and 28: On the other hand, tractor-powered
Page 29 and 30: Foreign chippers are far less repre
Page 31 and 32: This would happen in hot-deck landi
Page 33 and 34: per, control all its functions and
Page 35 and 36: Statistical Analysis Figure 14 show
Page 37 and 38: the signal-to-noise ratio (Fig. 18)
Page 39 and 40: new station, too. We thought that t
Page 41 and 42: Chapter 5 - Costing the options fee
Page 43 and 44: COSTING THE OPTIONS the year (SHY)
Page 45 and 46: A PRODUCTION MODEL Users must check
Page 47 and 48: A PRODUCTION MODEL ciation, investm
Page 49 and 50: A PRODUCTION MODEL to be working ev
Page 51 and 52: Chapter 6 - Practical Observations
Page 53 and 54: PRACTICAL OBSERVATIONS retractable
Page 55 and 56: Another new trend is in the resurge
Page 57 and 58: PRACTICAL OBSERVATIONS However, the
Page 59 and 60: duction of pulpwood. Disc chippers
Page 61 and 62: PRACTICAL OBSERVATIONS cantly strat
Page 63 and 64: led chipper. Those who opt for the
Page 65 and 66: E’ possibile montare una lama fis
Page 67 and 68: PRACTICAL OBSERVATIONS Disentanglin
Page 69 and 70: PRACTICAL OBSERVATIONS and he will
Page 71 and 72:
tilted towards the chip spout to fa
Page 73 and 74:
PRACTICAL OBSERVATIONS powered trai
Page 75 and 76:
PRACTICAL OBSERVATIONS Indagine sul
Page 77 and 78:
Chapter 7 - Quoted transportation c
Page 79 and 80:
CONCLUSIONS Indagine sulla cippatur
Page 81 and 82:
Landing 1 Truck 32,2 21 Tassignano
Page 83 and 84:
Landing 2 Heap 1,0 77 Pradarena PR
Page 85 and 86:
Bibliography ANDERSON A., 1989 - Br
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October. 2 p, 1 ref. GIBSON H.G., P
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quel prix? Informations Forêt n.4,
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vesting concept. In: Proceedings of
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TAVOLA 1 - TABLE 1 3- Con una comun
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7 - Un tipico cantiere di cippatura
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TAVOLA 1 - TABLE 1 11 - Una cippatr
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TAVOLA 1 - TABLE 1 15 - Montagna al
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20 - Cantiere di cippatura in una f
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23 - Le occlusioni del collo d’oc
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27 - Le pinze dei caricatori sono m
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Indagine sulla cippatura in Italia
Page 109 and 110:
Indagine sulla cippatura in Italia
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Indagine sulla cippatura in Italia - Ivalsa - Cnr

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