Indagine sulla cippatura in Italia - Ivalsa - Cnr

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LE PROVE Più diffuse sono le cippatrici a disco 26 campionamento era sterzato a favore delle grosse ditte industriali e che pertanto la distribuzione di macchine, marche e modelli presente al suo interno non rispecchia la situazione Italiana media. Le cippatrici a disco sono le più diffuse, e sono state impiegate in oltre il 75% delle prove. Le cippatrici a tamburo sono più rare perché disponibili solo in versioni molto pesanti e potenti. All’interno del campione, infatti, la potenza media delle cippatrici a tamburo è il 40% superiore a quella delle cippatrici a disco. Oltretutto, le cippatrici a tamburo tendono a schiacciare il legno più soffice - come quello di pioppo - accelerandone l’azzurramento. I pannellifici richiedono un cippato il più possibile chiaro, e spesso applicano una penale ai carichi macchiati. Pertanto, le macchine a tamburo sono usate preferibilmente con specie diverse dal pioppo. Il nostro campione include un’ampia gamma di potenze, comprese tra un minimo di 22 kW ed un massimo di 440 kW (Fig. 8). La potenza media è risultata pari a 221 kW. Per le macchine azionate dal trattore agricolo abbiamo considerato la potenza alla PTO, utilizzando i dati ufficiali pubblicati sui Nebraska Tractor Tests. La maggior parte delle cippatrici erano semoventi, o montate sui tre punti di un trattore agricolo. I boscaioli apprezzano molto la flessibilità operativa e preferiscono quelle macchine che possono operare sia all’imposto che direttamente sulla tagliata. Le cippatrici semoventi sono più adatte alle grosse imprese specializzate, perché sono tutte molto potenti (tutte sopra la media di 220 kW!) ed hanno una gru incorporata. Dall’altro lato, i modelli applicati al trattore agricolo offrono diverse solu- n° di prove n° of trials 40 35 30 25 20 15 10 5 0 400 kW Figura 8 - Distribuzione delle prove tra le diverse classi di potenza delle cippatrici impiegate. Figure 8 - Distribution of trials within chipper power classes. Indagine sulla cippatura in Italia • A survey of Italian chipping operations
The Machines and the Operators Our study focused on industrial chipping, and included all the largest chipping operations in Italy. In our search for large chipping companies, we contacted all Italian manufacturers, as well as the main machine dealers. We also included a few parttime operators in order to get a wider range of observations. However, while our sample of industrial operations covers almost all Italian chipping companies, the sample of part-time operations is much more sparse. This sample is still representative, but readers must be aware that selection was biased towards large industrial operations and that the sample's distribution of machines, makes and models does not represent the overall Italian chipper fleet. Disc chippers are most common and account for over 75% of the trials. Drum chippers are far less widespread, because they are only available as heavy and powerful models. Indeed, the average drum chipper in the sample is 40% more powerful than the average disc chipper. Besides, drum chippers used with poplar tend to crush the wood, which accelerates staining. Particleboard factories require lightcolored chip and depreciate stained deliveries. As a result, drum chippers are generally used with species other than poplar. Our sample included a wide range of chipper power, with mimimum and maximum values respectively at 22 and 440 kW (Fig. 8). The average power was 221 kW. For tractor-powered chippers we considered PTO power ratings, as reported in the Nebraska Tractor Tests. The majority of chippers was either self-propelled or mounted on a farm tractor. Loggers value operational flexibility and want a machine that can operate both at the landing and in the stand. Self-propelled chippers suit large operations, because they are all very powerful (all above the average 220 kW) and have integral loaders. Su rimorchio (Indipen.Towed) 20% Autocarrata (Truck-mounted) 8% Applicata al trattore (Tractor-powered) 35% Figura 9 - Rappresentazione dei diversi tipi di macchina all’interno del campione. Figure 9 - Representation of different chipper configurations in the sample. Semovente (Self-propelled) 37% THE TRIALS Specialists prevail in the sample Disc chippers dominate Indagine sulla cippatura in Italia • A survey of Italian chipping operations 27
Page 1 and 2: Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche
Page 3 and 4: CONTRIBUTI SCIENTIFICO-PRATICI PER
Page 5 and 6: CONTRIBUTI SCIENTIFICO-PRATICI PER
Page 7 and 8: Chapter 1 - Introduction ..........
Page 9 and 10: Breakdowns and repairs ............
Page 11 and 12: Chapter 1 - Introduction Foreword M
Page 13 and 14: Such model will allow fuel managers
Page 15 and 16: The survey includes 102 chipping tr
Page 17 and 18: many of the Italian operations. The
Page 19 and 20: government subsidies has pushed som
Page 21 and 22: variety of large machines as cannot
Page 23: observed in 15% of the cases only,
Page 27 and 28: On the other hand, tractor-powered
Page 29 and 30: Foreign chippers are far less repre
Page 31 and 32: This would happen in hot-deck landi
Page 33 and 34: per, control all its functions and
Page 35 and 36: Statistical Analysis Figure 14 show
Page 37 and 38: the signal-to-noise ratio (Fig. 18)
Page 39 and 40: new station, too. We thought that t
Page 41 and 42: Chapter 5 - Costing the options fee
Page 43 and 44: COSTING THE OPTIONS the year (SHY)
Page 45 and 46: A PRODUCTION MODEL Users must check
Page 47 and 48: A PRODUCTION MODEL ciation, investm
Page 49 and 50: A PRODUCTION MODEL to be working ev
Page 51 and 52: Chapter 6 - Practical Observations
Page 53 and 54: PRACTICAL OBSERVATIONS retractable
Page 55 and 56: Another new trend is in the resurge
Page 57 and 58: PRACTICAL OBSERVATIONS However, the
Page 59 and 60: duction of pulpwood. Disc chippers
Page 61 and 62: PRACTICAL OBSERVATIONS cantly strat
Page 63 and 64: led chipper. Those who opt for the
Page 65 and 66: E’ possibile montare una lama fis
Page 67 and 68: PRACTICAL OBSERVATIONS Disentanglin
Page 69 and 70: PRACTICAL OBSERVATIONS and he will
Page 71 and 72: tilted towards the chip spout to fa
Page 73 and 74: PRACTICAL OBSERVATIONS powered trai
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PRACTICAL OBSERVATIONS Indagine sul
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Chapter 7 - Quoted transportation c
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CONCLUSIONS Indagine sulla cippatur
Page 81 and 82:
Landing 1 Truck 32,2 21 Tassignano
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Landing 2 Heap 1,0 77 Pradarena PR
Page 85 and 86:
Bibliography ANDERSON A., 1989 - Br
Page 87 and 88:
October. 2 p, 1 ref. GIBSON H.G., P
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quel prix? Informations Forêt n.4,
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vesting concept. In: Proceedings of
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TAVOLA 1 - TABLE 1 3- Con una comun
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7 - Un tipico cantiere di cippatura
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TAVOLA 1 - TABLE 1 11 - Una cippatr
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TAVOLA 1 - TABLE 1 15 - Montagna al
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20 - Cantiere di cippatura in una f
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23 - Le occlusioni del collo d’oc
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27 - Le pinze dei caricatori sono m
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Indagine sulla cippatura in Italia
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Indagine sulla cippatura in Italia
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Indagine sulla cippatura in Italia - Ivalsa - Cnr

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