literaturuli gazeTi
literaturuli gazeTi
literaturuli gazeTi
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27 aprili - 10 maisi 2012<br />
da nikoloz gumiliovis poetur wre-<br />
Si. 1912 wlis 20 seqtembers ki aleqsei<br />
remizovma TviT aleqsandr bloks mihgvara:<br />
`Ó ìåíÿ ñòóäåíò ñî ñòèõàìè, äîâîëüíî<br />
ìèëûé~, _ Cauweria bloks Tavis dRiurSi.<br />
blokis arqivSi inaxeba 19 wlis<br />
Cerniavskis leqsis `Êîëûáåëüíàÿ~-s avtografi,<br />
romelic maspinZelma daa-<br />
TariRa: `20 ñåíòÿáðÿ 1912 ã.~. kolau Cerniavski<br />
iyo Tbilisis avangardizmis<br />
aqtiuri wevri. zdaneviCebTan erTad<br />
warmatebiT monawileobda firosmanis<br />
naxatebis moZebna-mopovebaSi. xangr-<br />
Zlivi wlebis manZilze adgenda nikalas<br />
naxatebis katalogs. 1926 wels<br />
gamocemul firosmanisadmi miZRvnil<br />
krebulSi tician tabiZis, grigol<br />
robaqiZis, geronti qiqoZisa da kiril<br />
zdaneviCis werilebTan erTad dabeWdilia<br />
kolau Cerniavskis werili frangul<br />
enaze. Targmnida frangulidan,<br />
italiuridan, somxuridan, qarTulidan.<br />
galaktionis CaniSvnis Semdeg Sei-<br />
Zleboda igi `me da Rames~ mTargmnelad<br />
gvevarauda. magram, miuxedavad xangr-<br />
Zlivi gulTbili urTierTobisa, Cerniavskis<br />
galaktionis arcerTi leqsi<br />
ar uTargmnia, Tumca galaktioni xSirad<br />
asaxelebs SesaZlo mTargmnelTa<br />
Soris da gardacvalebis Semdeg patara<br />
elegiac miuZRvna. `me da Rame~ ki<br />
valerian gafrindaSvilma Targmna da<br />
avtoris sicocxleSi mxolod es Targmani<br />
ibeWdeboda.<br />
boris pasternakis moxsenieba 1924<br />
wlis CanawerSi namdvili siurprizia.<br />
1924 wlamde pasternaks mxolod ramdenime<br />
leqsi hqonda Targmnili. 1924<br />
wels revoluciuri poeziis anTologiisaTvis<br />
`axalgazrda germania~<br />
Targmna sami germaneli eqspresionistis<br />
– georg geimis, franc verfelisa<br />
da iakob van xodisis leqsebi. es anTologia<br />
ar gamoica da pasternakma imave<br />
wels Jurnal `Ñîâðåìåííûé çàïàä~-is<br />
pirvel nomerSi gamoaqveyna iakob van<br />
xodisis oTxi leqsi. swored es Jurnali<br />
aRmoCnda galaktionis pirad biblioTekaSi<br />
da aRmoCnda agreTve Savi<br />
fanqriT naweri iakob van xodisis<br />
pirveli leqsis Targmani. es usaTauro<br />
– `Ó îáëàê âèä ñòîëîâîãî áåëüÿ~ me 1987<br />
wels gamovaqveyne Cems `ucnobSi~, rogorc<br />
nimuSi galaktionis ucnobi Targmanisa:<br />
Rrublebi agavs magidis TeTreuls,<br />
kvamli xrColaa. qars ar ikarebs.<br />
eridebian ra RmerTs SeTreuls,<br />
angelosebi moridebiT sweven<br />
sigarebs.<br />
serafimebma moiwvies stumrad<br />
eSmaki,<br />
am orSi igi miuwveba RamiT<br />
erT maTgans,<br />
TuTunis boli cxra caze wevs,<br />
rogorc siSmage,<br />
msuqan codvilebs codvilebs<br />
cocxliv xrakven<br />
cecxlze viT batkans.<br />
axla isev Cerniavskis unda davubrundeT:<br />
mravalmxriv ganaTlebul da<br />
informirebul, fenomenaluri mexsierebis<br />
patrons – mWidro urTier-<br />
Toba hqonda ruseTis literaturul<br />
samyarosTan da tician tabiZem mas<br />
`cocxali enciklopedia~ uwoda, xolo<br />
konstantine paustovski aseT saintereso<br />
epizods mogviTxrobs: Cerniavski<br />
erTxel SuaRamisas miadga zdaneviCebs,<br />
gamoaRviZa mTeli ojaxi da ruseTidan<br />
axlaxan miRebuli velimir<br />
xlebnikovis leqsebi waukiTxa.<br />
mgoni, swor versias mivageniT: Cerniavskim<br />
rusul JurnalSi waikiTxa pasternakis<br />
mier Targmnili iakob van xodisis<br />
leqsebi, moewona da Jurnali<br />
galaktions miutana (araa gamoricxuli,<br />
`me da Rames~ mTargmneladac Ses-<br />
Tavaza). galaktionma aarCia iakob van<br />
xodisis pirvelive usaTauro, gada-<br />
Targmna da samxiliviT dagvitova Targmanis<br />
Targmani (SesaZlebelia, `me da<br />
Rames~ mTargmneladac Caifiqra pasternaki).<br />
is faqti, rom CanawerSi pasternakis<br />
gvari mTavruliTaa xazgasmuli, migvi-<br />
TiTebs, rom meti yuradReba am ukanasknels<br />
unda mivapyroT da dasawyisi<br />
pasternakis amao molodinisa, romelic<br />
ocdaTxuTmet weliwads gagrZelda<br />
da aRar dasrulda, 1924 wliT unda<br />
davaTariRoT.<br />
boris pasternaki mxolod Svidi<br />
wlis Semdeg, 1931 wlis gazafxulze da<br />
Semodgomaze, orjer Camovida Tbilis-<br />
Si da sami Tve gaatara saqarTveloSi,<br />
moulodnelad `aRmoaCina~ da samudamod<br />
Seiyvara Cveni qveyana, da ise Seiyvara,<br />
rom moskovSi dabrunebisTanave<br />
qarTuli enis gakveTilebs Caujda. samwuxarod,<br />
qarTuli ver Seiswavla, Tumca<br />
gardacvalebis wina dRes _ 1960<br />
wlis 29 maiss _ xeliT xelze moefera<br />
nino tabiZes da uTxra: `genacvale~.<br />
ocdaaTiani wlebis dasawyisSi ki daumegobrda<br />
qarTvel poetebs, dawera leqsebis<br />
cikli saqarTveloze, Seudga<br />
qarTeli poetebis Targmnas da gaagr-<br />
Zela msoflio poeziis SedevrebiT: Seqspiri,<br />
goeTe, baironi, Seli, verleni...<br />
1933 wlis 6 oqtombers boris pasternakma<br />
werili gamougzavna beso<br />
JRents da sTxova:<br />
_ me Sevudeqi Tanamedrove qarTveli<br />
poetebis Targmnas. gTxovT poetebis<br />
sia SemidginoT ticianTan da CiqovanTan<br />
erTad.<br />
imave wlis imave Tvis 27 ricxvSi ki<br />
tician tabiZes gamougzavna werili da<br />
TviTon daakonkreta:<br />
_ me minda vTargmno vaJa fSavela,<br />
paolo, Tqven, gafrindaSvili, leoniZe,<br />
nadiraZe, miwiSvili (Tuki wers<br />
leqsebs), Ciqovani da kidev warmovadgino<br />
Targmanebi galaktion tabiZisa.<br />
xolo 17 noembers TbilisSi Camovida<br />
rus mweralTa xuTkaciani brigada,<br />
romelmac saqarTveloSi oci dRe<br />
dahyo. brigadis SemadgenlobaSi<br />
iricxeboda boris pasternaki.<br />
1 dekembers saqarTvelos mweralTa<br />
kavSiris prezidiumis sxdomaze gamomcemlobis<br />
muSakebTan da mTargmnelebTan<br />
erTad ganixiles qarTuli literaturis<br />
rusul enaze Targmnis sakiTxi.<br />
15 dekembers ki gazeT `na rubeJe<br />
vostokaSi~ pirvel gverdze gamoqveynda<br />
– `saubari boris pasternakTan~:<br />
_ b. pasternaks gauformes xelSekrulebebi<br />
`moskovis mweralTa amxanagobis~<br />
gamomcemlobam qarTveli sabWoTa<br />
poetebis krebulze da `zakgizma~<br />
(amierkavkasiis saxelmwifo gamomcemlobam)<br />
_ vaJa fSavelas `gvelismWamelisa~<br />
da saqarTvelos saxalxo<br />
poetis galaktion tabiZis rCeuli<br />
leqsebis erTtomeulis Targmanebze.<br />
ori wliT adre, 1931 wlis 4 ivniss,<br />
paolo iaSvilma boris pasternaki TbilisSi<br />
moiwvia da:<br />
_ fulze arc ifiqroT. iqonieT<br />
mcire minimumi. Cveni gamomcemlobebi<br />
siamovnebiT gagixsnian Tqveni saxelis<br />
Rirseul `limits~.<br />
arsebuli wesis Tanaxmad, mTargmnels<br />
xelSekrulebis gaformebisas honoraris<br />
meoTxedi ekuTvnis da, cxadia,<br />
moskovidan CamobrZanebulma stumarma<br />
es avansi miiRo kidec. xelSekrulebaSi<br />
vadac iqneboda miTiTebuli Targ-<br />
<strong>literaturuli</strong> <strong>literaturuli</strong> <strong>gazeTi</strong> <strong>gazeTi</strong><br />
Canawerebi<br />
manis Cabarebisa, magram yovelgvari<br />
vada da piroba dairRva da boris pasternaks,<br />
miuxedavad iuridiuli<br />
valdebulebisa da presaSi gamocxadebisa,<br />
erTtomeuli ki ara, galaktionis<br />
erTi striqonic ar uTargmnia.<br />
_ viyideT <strong>gazeTi</strong> `na rubeJe~, romelSic<br />
dabeWdilia saubari poet boris<br />
pasternakTan. pasternakma ganacxada,<br />
rom man unda Targmnos galaktion<br />
tabiZis leqsebis krebuli rusul enaze.<br />
keTili, oRond kargad Targmnos. gali<br />
TiTqos kmayofilia, oRond SiSobs,<br />
eWvi epareba, vaiTu kargad ver Targmnos<br />
da gaauaresoso. mainc unda daveTanxmoT<br />
da mere ukeTesi mTargmnelebi<br />
gamoCndebian. – es olia okujavas<br />
1934 wlis 8 ianvris Canaweria. galaktionma<br />
ki <strong>gazeTi</strong>s es nomeri Tavis bibliografiaSi<br />
aRricxa, xolo pasternakis<br />
gvari poetis dRiurebSi<br />
araerTxel gamoCndeba xolme.<br />
1934 wlis 14 Tebervals pasternakma<br />
`zakgizis~ mTavar redaqtors moswera:<br />
_ Tqven gindodaT yrilobisaTvis<br />
mogeswroT vaJa. imave mizniT Sepyrobili<br />
anTologiis gamomcemlebi ki miiCneven,<br />
droebiT gadavdo vaJa da Tanamedroveebs<br />
mivxedo.<br />
rogorc irkveva, mTavarma redaqtorma<br />
vaJa amjobina da momaval wels<br />
gamoica kidec `gvelismWameli~ rusulad.<br />
rac Seexeba galaktions, pasternakis<br />
ganrigs isev qarTveli kolegebi<br />
adgendnen da azustebdnen. xolo<br />
`rCeuli leqsebis erTtomeulze~ xelSekrulebis<br />
winaswar gaformeba mxolod<br />
imisTvis iyo saWiro, raTa<br />
mTargmnels rac SeiZleba meti avansi<br />
mieRo soliduri wignisaTvis, romlis<br />
gamocemac Tavidanve gaxldaT ganwiruli.<br />
1934 wlis 22 agvistos oliam imave<br />
gazeT `na rubeJe vostokaSi~ amoikiTxa<br />
informacia, rom `zakgizi~ mimdinare<br />
wlis Semodgomaze gamoscemda galaktionis<br />
rusul krebuls da aRSfoTda:<br />
_ es ra umsgavsobaa, unda gamoecaT<br />
yrilobisaTvis.<br />
am dros moskovSi ukve mimdinareobda<br />
sabWoTa kavSiris mweralTa pirveli<br />
yriloba, magram yrilobis 30 delegats<br />
Soris ormocdasami wlis saqar-<br />
Tvelos erTaderTi saxalxo poeti ar<br />
aRmoCnda da arc Semodgomaze Tbilis-<br />
Si gamocemuli galaktionis rusuli<br />
wignis sarCevSic ar aRmoCnda mTargmnelTa<br />
Soris pasternakis gvari.<br />
1935 wlis ivnisSi galaktion tabi-<br />
Zem da boris pasternakma monawileoba<br />
miiRes parizis mweralTa antifaSisturi<br />
kongresis muSaobaSi. pasternaki<br />
Tavdapirvelad delegaciis SemadgenlobaSi<br />
ar iricxeboda. magram oTxi<br />
dRis dagvianebiT mainc Cavida sa-<br />
7<br />
frangeTSi, iqidan ki inglisSi gamoiara<br />
da ukan gemiT dabrunda. ase rom,<br />
erTad ar umgzavriaT.<br />
rogorc galaktionma aRricxa,<br />
kongresze 38 qveynis 230 delegati<br />
Seikriba. sxdomebi xuTi dRis ganmavlobaSi<br />
`bez pereriva~, `gadaudeblad~<br />
Catarda da, cxadia, aseT simravle-siCqareSi,<br />
roca yoveli mwerali gamosasvlelad<br />
emzadeboda, erTmaneTisTvis<br />
naklebad ecalaT, miT ufro – parizis<br />
TiToeuli naocnebari kuTxe-kunWuli<br />
gareT andamativiT izidavda poetebis<br />
daxarbebul mzerasa da yuradRebas. da<br />
rac mTavaria, TviTon pasternakma,<br />
romelic stalinis piradi davalebiT<br />
da daZalebiT miavlines parizs, gaucxoebisaken<br />
mouwoda kolegebs: `Íå<br />
îðãàíèçóéòåñü! Îðãàíèçàöèÿ ýòî ñìåðòü èñêóññòâà.<br />
Âàæíà òîëüêî ëè÷íàÿ íåçàâèñèìîñòü~.<br />
_ arc afiSebze, arc pirvel, arc<br />
meore gegmaSi aq arsad naCvenebi ar<br />
aris pasternaki, man ki monawileoba<br />
miiRo konresze. – SeniSnavs galaktioni<br />
Tavis sakmaod vrcel parizul CanawerebSi<br />
da iqve ramdenimejer kvlav<br />
moixseniebs rus kolegas, romelmac,<br />
miuxedavad ormxrivi dainteresebisa,<br />
vera da ver Targmna galaktionis vercerTi<br />
leqsi. molodini ki, rogorc<br />
vivaraudeT, 1924 wels daiwyo da<br />
uSedegod dasrulda ocdaTxuTmeti<br />
wlis Semdeg _ 1959 wlis 17 marts.<br />
1959 wels moskovSi unda Catarebuliyo<br />
sabWoTa kavSiris mweralTa mesame<br />
yriloba. galaktioni dainteresda:<br />
_ 1959. 6 Tebervali. Tovs. mweral-<br />
Ta kavSirSi – rodisaa yriloba? im<br />
ocdaxuT kacSi viqnebi Tu ara?<br />
_ 1959. 7 Tebervali. isev Tovs. mweralTa<br />
kavSirSi – rodisaa yriloba?<br />
yriloba 18 maiss gaixsna da 23 maiss<br />
dasrulda. yrilobas sayovelTaod<br />
cnobili mizezis gamo galaktion tabi-<br />
Ze ver daeswro (ver moeswro!).<br />
yrilobis dReebSi boris pasternakma<br />
peredelkinoSi sakuTar agarakze<br />
miiwvia simon Ciqovani da giorgi leoniZe.<br />
leoniZes Tan axlda meuRle da<br />
qaliSvili, Ciqovans ki – meuRle, vaJiSvili<br />
da meuRlis disSvili – zurab siraZe,<br />
romlis mogonebac – `simonTan er-<br />
Tad~ – daibeWda 2009 wels gamocemul<br />
krebulSi – `mogonebebi, werilebi,<br />
leqsebi – simon Ciqovanze~, da romelic<br />
mogviTxrobs:<br />
ori Tvis winaT Tavi moikla galaktionma.<br />
cxadia, gaixsenes galaktioni.<br />
_ Zalian vnanob, rom galaktion-<br />
Tan Cemi daaxloeba ver moxerxda. –<br />
uTqvams pasternaks. – SeiZleba amaSi<br />
Cvenma saerTo megobarmac ar gamoiCina<br />
iniciativa.<br />
dasasruli me-13 gverdze<br />
¡
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