literaturuli gazeTi
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literaturuli gazeTi
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8<br />
<strong>literaturuli</strong> <strong>literaturuli</strong> <strong>gazeTi</strong><br />
<strong>gazeTi</strong><br />
mweralTa saxli 27 aprili - 10 maisi 2012<br />
istoriidan<br />
rogorc Cans, maCablis quCa<br />
Tavidanve izidavda mweral sazogadoebas.<br />
1900-1903 wlebSi aq cxovrobda<br />
rusi poeti nikolai gumiliovi, romlis<br />
pirveli leqsic swored TbilisSi<br />
daibeWda. gumiliovi samSobloSi dabrunda,<br />
imave quCaze ki, 13 nomerSi, 1903<br />
wels cnobilma qarTvelma mecenatma<br />
daviT sarajiSvilma vercxlis qorwilis<br />
aRsaniSnad saxlis mSenebloba wamoiwyo.<br />
arqiteqtorad berlineli<br />
karl caari moiwvia, romelTan erTadac<br />
Tbiliseli arqiteqtorebic<br />
muSaobdnen _ aleqsandre ozerovi da<br />
korneli tatiSCevi. saxlis interieri<br />
Tbilisel ostats ilia mamacaSvils<br />
miando. mSenebloba 1905 wels dasrulda<br />
da 3 maiss didi zar-zeimiT ikurTxa.<br />
am saRamos akaki wereTelic stumrobda.<br />
marTalia, saxls sacxovrebeli<br />
daniSnuleba hqonda, magram imTaviTve<br />
aSkara iyo, is male gadaiqceoda sazogadoebis<br />
Sekrebisa da literaturul-sazogadoebrivi<br />
debatebisa Tu<br />
Sexedulebebis gamoTqmis saukeTeso<br />
adgilad. literaturulma saRamoebma<br />
am sasaxleSi tradiciuli saxe miiRo<br />
_ aq sxvadasxva mwerlis nawarmoebebs<br />
kiTxulobdnen da Camosul ucxoel mwerlebsac<br />
uTmobdnen asparezs _ ase<br />
aRmoCndnen am saxlSi sergei esenini,<br />
artur laisti... xSiri stumrebi iyvnen<br />
ilia, akaki, ivane maCabeli, rafiel<br />
erisTavi, iakob gogebaSvili, valerian<br />
gunia... erTxans aq `qarTvelTa werakiTxvis<br />
gamavrcelebelma sazogadoebamac~<br />
daido bina. saxls hqonda ulamazesi,<br />
iSviaTi jiSis xeebiT mdidari<br />
baRi.<br />
1910 wels, gardacvalebamde erTi<br />
wliT adre, donis rostovSi daviT sarajiSvilma<br />
notariusTan anderZi Seadgina,<br />
romlis Tanaxmadac, es saxli<br />
am saRamos akaki wereTelic stumrobda...<br />
qalaqis TviTmmarTvelobas unda gadascemoda<br />
saxelovnebo saqmianobisTvis.<br />
amis Semdeg movlenebi dramatulad<br />
ganviTarda.<br />
1912 wels, daviT sarajiSvilis gardacvalebidan<br />
erTi wlis Tavze, misma<br />
colisZmam anderZi daarRvia da saxlis<br />
sajaro auqcionze gayidva ganizraxa.<br />
am cnobam qarTuli sazogadoebrioba<br />
aRaSfoTa da daxmarebisTvis komersantsa<br />
da qvelmoqmed akaki xoStarias<br />
mimarTa. gasabWoebamde sasaxle inar-<br />
Cunebda pirvandel daniSnulebas, Tumca<br />
mas Semdeg, rac xoStariam datova<br />
saqarTvelo da emigraciaSi wavida, ma-<br />
Cablis 13-is mTeli qoneba revkoms<br />
gadaeca. 1921 wels sabWoTa xelmZRvanelobas<br />
mweralTa jgufma TxovniT<br />
mimarTa, rom Senoba `xelovanTa kav-<br />
Sirs~ gadascemoda. revkomma Txovna<br />
daakmayofila da sul male yvelaze<br />
TviTmyofad qarTul saxlSi komunisturi<br />
epoqis aRzevebac daiwyo. `xelovanTa<br />
kavSiri~ saqarTvelos sabWoTa<br />
socialisturi respublikis mweralTa<br />
kavSirma Secvala. 1927 wels frangi mwerlis,<br />
publicistisa da sazogado<br />
moRvawis anri barbiusis sapativsacemod<br />
sazeimo Sexvedra Sedga. imave wels<br />
qarTvelma mwerlebma vladimer maiakovskis<br />
umaspinZles, 1928 wels garkveuli<br />
xniT maqsim gorki am saxlis meore<br />
sarTulze cxovrobda. amis Semdeg ki<br />
maCablis 13 dabezRebis, yvelaze gaugonari<br />
braldebebisa da bevri qarTveli<br />
mwerlis ubedurebis saTaved iqca.<br />
mweralTa kavSiris sxdomebze ilanZReboda<br />
da xalxis mtrad cxaddeboda yvela,<br />
vinc xotbas ar asxamda sabWoTa<br />
ideologias. xalxis mtrebs ki maSindeli<br />
mTavroba sastikad, daxvretiT uswordeboda.<br />
1937 wlis 22 ivliss daviT<br />
sarajiSvilis sasaxleSi yvelaze<br />
Semzaravi faqti moxda _ CekaSi dak-<br />
dimitri ermakovis foto. 1905 weli.<br />
maCablis 13.<br />
istoria grZeldeba<br />
iTxvaze dabarebulma paolo iaSvilma<br />
Tavi swored am SenobaSi moikla. kav-<br />
Siris sxdomam miiRo rezolucia, romliTac<br />
poetis saqcieli antisabWoTa<br />
provokaciad Seracxes. mixeil javaxiSvili<br />
iyo erTaderTi adamiani,<br />
romelmac poetis gambedaobas mxari<br />
dauWira da Sedegmac ar daayovna. isev<br />
am kedlebSi kavSiris prezidiumma ken-<br />
WisyriT miiRo gadawyvetileba _ `mixeil<br />
javaxiSvili, jaSuSi da diversanti,<br />
gandevnil iqnas mweralTa kavSiridan<br />
da fizikurad ganadgurdes~. ase<br />
gadaiqca erT dros kulturul-sazogadoebrivi<br />
da erovnuli Rirebulebebis<br />
mqone sasaxle yvelaze progresuli,<br />
inteleqtuali qarTveli mwerlebis<br />
sabWoTa xelisuflebis `gankiTxvis~<br />
asparezad. maCablis 13-Si sul sxva,<br />
mZime auram daisadgura.<br />
dRes<br />
`mweralTa kavSiris~ wevrebTan SeTanxmeba<br />
Sedga. bolos da bolos, gairkva,<br />
rom es nageboba mxolod am gaer-<br />
TianebaSi Semavali mwerlebis kuTvnileba<br />
ar iyo da ukeTesi iqneboda, aq<br />
yvela prozaikosisTvis, poetisTvis,<br />
mTargmnelisTvis, kritikosisa Tu publicistisTvis<br />
gaRebuliyo kari.<br />
maCablis 13-Si mdebare Senoba Tavisi<br />
unikaluri arqiteqturuli mniSvnelobiT<br />
kulturuli memkvidreobis<br />
Zeglia. masze zrunavs Tbilisis meria<br />
da saqarTvelos kulturisa da Zegl-<br />
Ta dacvis saministro. mTeli qoneba _<br />
daviT sarajiSviliseuli saxli Tavisi<br />
baRiTa da inventariT _ sajaro samarTlis<br />
iuridiul pirs _ mweralTa<br />
saxls gadaeca.<br />
sanam mweralTa saxli funqcionirebas<br />
daiwyebs, jer kidev didi gzaa. jerjerobiT<br />
aq mxolod xelosnebsa da 3-4<br />
adamians Tu mokravT Tvals. maT<br />
Sorisaa direqtoric, romelsac<br />
Zalian bevri ram evaleba.<br />
direqtor-menejeri<br />
mweralTa saxlis saqmianobas warmarTavs<br />
direqtor-menejeri, romelic<br />
saqarTvelos kulturisa da ZeglTa<br />
dacvis saministrosTan SeTanxmebiT<br />
amtkicebs saStato ganrigs da saxelfaso<br />
fonds, warmarTavs da organizebas<br />
uwevs mweralTa saxlis saorganizacio-administraciul<br />
saqmianobas da<br />
personalurad agebs pasuxs am saqmianobis<br />
kanonierebasa da efeqturobaze.<br />
mindobilobis gareSe mweralTa<br />
saxls Tavad waradgens yvela instacia-<br />
Si, gascems mindobilobebs, debs garigebebs.<br />
sameTvalyureo sabWosTan SeTanxmebiT<br />
ganagebs da gankargavs mweralTa<br />
saxlis qonebasa da saxsrebs. masve<br />
ekisreba pasuxismgebloba mweralTa<br />
saxlis sakuTrebaSi arsebul qonebasa<br />
da fuladi saxsrebis miznobrivad da<br />
sworad xarjvaze. is aformebs SromiT<br />
xelSekrulebebs mweralTa saxlis TanamSromlebsa<br />
da, saWiroebisamebr,<br />
droebiT mowveul specialistebTan. is<br />
gansazRvravs TanamSromelTa saxelfaso<br />
anazRaurebis odenobas. kompetenciis<br />
farglebSi gamoscems individualuradministraciul-samarTlebriv<br />
aqtebs. sameTvalyureo sab-<br />
WosTan SeTanxmebiT SeimuSavebs da amtkicebs<br />
mweralTa saxlis struqturas,<br />
biujetsa da Sinaganawess. is irCevs<br />
saqmianobis ZiriTad mimarTulebas. Tu<br />
gaviTvaliswinebT, rom yvelaferi es<br />
erTi adamianis ufleba-movaleobebia<br />
da Tu imasac davZenT, rom is qalia,<br />
aSkaraa, mas win rTuli, damRleli,<br />
Tumca amasTan, saintereso gza elis. es<br />
didi pasuxismgebloba Tavis Tavze nata<br />
lomourma aiRo.<br />
nata lomouri<br />
literaturul wreebSi bevri kiTxva<br />
gaCnda _ vin aris nata lomouri,<br />
saidan aRmoCnda mweralTa garemocva-<br />
Si, ras saqmianobda manamde... sazogadoebas<br />
ar uyvars pasuxgaucemeli<br />
kiTxvebi da amitomac, gadavwviteT,<br />
ufro axlos da kargad gagacnoT mweralTa<br />
saxlis direqtori, romelzec<br />
mxolod is vicodiT, rom qarTveli<br />
klasikosi mwerlis niko lomouris<br />
SviliSvili da cnobili istorikosis<br />
nodar lomouris Svilia.<br />
nata lomouri 1975 wels TbilisSi<br />
daibada. 1981-1990 wlebSi Tbilisis me-<br />
6 germanul gimnaziaSi swavlobda, Semdeg<br />
ki amerikis SeerTebul StatebSi<br />
gaemgzavra da nortvestis saSualo<br />
skola daamTavra. swavla italiaSi,<br />
boloniis da romis universitetebSi<br />
politikuri mecnierebis fakultetze<br />
ganagrZo; daamTavra ivane javaxiSvilis<br />
saxelobis Tbilisis saxelmwifo<br />
universitetis saerTaSoriso samarTlisa<br />
da saerTaSoriso urTier-<br />
Tobis fakulteti, aspiranturac iqve<br />
gaiara da 2005 wels mieniWa istoriis<br />
mecnierebaTa kandidatis xarisxi.<br />
2002-2010 wlebSi muSaobda saqarTvelos<br />
saxalxo damcvelis aparatSi da<br />
sxvadasxva saerTaSoriso organizaciebSi<br />
(gaero, USAID, evropis sabWo)<br />
TbilisSi da strasburgSi. 2010 wels ki<br />
saqarTvelos saxelmwifo literaturis<br />
muzeumSi daiwyo muSaoba sazRvargareTis<br />
proeqtebis kuratorad. 2011<br />
wlidan mweralTa saxlis direqtormenejeria.<br />
aseTi mdidari SromiTi biografiis<br />
adamiani marTlac ucnaurad moxvda<br />
mweralTa Soris da amas Tavadac<br />
aRniSnavs:<br />
`mweralTa did ojaxSi axali da<br />
ucnobi var. viRacisTvis marTlac ucnauria,<br />
rogor aRmovCndi aq, roca samuSao<br />
gamocdileba sul sxva sferoSi<br />
mqonda. saerTaSoriso urTierTobebis<br />
ganxriT mivdiodi, magram mas Semdeg,<br />
rac literaturis muzeumSi movxvdi,<br />
radikalurad Semecvala interesebi da<br />
prioritetebi. imxanad literaturis<br />
muzeumis direqtori laSa baqraZe eZebda<br />
adamians, visac saerTaSoriso<br />
proeqtebisa da donorebTan urTier-<br />
Tobis gamocdileba hqonda. arCevani<br />
Cemze SeCerda. verc ki warmovidgendi,<br />
literaturis muzeumis saxiT amxela<br />
simdidris patronebi Tu viyaviT, Tumca<br />
muzeumis unikaluri arqivis savalalo<br />
mdgomareobac aRmoCena iyo da am<br />
problemebiT xSirad miwevda misvla<br />
kulturis saministroSi. rogorc<br />
gairkva, paralelurad, mweralTa saxlis<br />
axali koncefcia yalibdeboda da<br />
male am saxlis marTva SemomTavazes.~<br />
marTalia, ase erTi SexedviT, nata<br />
marTlac Sors iyo am sferosgan, magram<br />
misi garmocvisTvis literatura<br />
da xelovneba arasodes yofila ucxo.<br />
axlo urTierToba hqonda vaxuSti kotetiSvilTan<br />
da bednieria imiT, rom<br />
poeziis siyvarulic mis saxlSi<br />
SeigrZno. gansakuTrebuliT ixsenebs<br />
im wlebs, vaxuSti boris pasternaks da<br />
iosif brodskis rom Targmnida.
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