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Jēkabsons Ē. Sievietes armijā Pirmajā pasaules
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LVVA, 4712. f., 1. apr., 7. l., 84. lp.
Activities of nurses within the scope of the Russian Red Cross
in the territory of Latvia
Olga Odiņa, Juris Salaks
Summary
Key words: Russian Red Cross, sisters of mercy, nurses’ responsibilities
The idea to establish the Red Cross organisation appeared during the war time in order to
provide help to the wounded people despite the troop disposition. International cooperation of
different countries in helping the sick and wounded people was first realised in 1862.
The Russian Red Cross Society was founded to provide help to people wounded during the war
time or peacetime The Russian Empire decided to organise the Russian Red Cross activities on
the Latvian territory, which at that time belonged to the Russian Empire, which was realised
in 1879. To perform nursing care, there was a necessity to prepare nurse assistants – sisters
of mercy. Further, Russian Red Cross Sisters of Mercy communities were established where
nurses could obtain the sisters of mercy profession.
The Russian Red Cross also took care of nurses’ material welfare, making up regulations to
establish the emeritus funds for sisters of mercy, who worked for the Red Cross Society, to
provide them with a fixed pension. The pension depended on the period of time nurses worked
for the Red Cross organisation.
Nurses’ range of responsibilities was very broad: they worked not only in hospitals, private
homes, but also on the battlefields. During peacetime, the Russian Red Cross Sisters of Mercy
took care of the sick people in hospitals and private homes not only in Riga, but also in provinces.
Nurses had to follow certain rules such as confidentiality, respect of one’s personal space,
peace-keeping in undesirable situations and thorough instruction observance.
Before the First World War, the definitive view on the sisters’ of charity education and work had
been formed on the present territory of Latvia: they were considered to be highly qualified in
taking care of sick people and in assisting doctors. Much attention was paid to training of the
sisters of mercy using specialised training programmes. Sisters were taught and educated to
fully obey the superior authorities. Nurses’ work was very topical during the war time. During
the First World War, the first sisters of mercy permanent units were formed. Work in hospitals
and infirmaries showed that mercy was not only nurses’ obligation, but also their inner necessity
to help suffering people with love and compassion. Nurses who supported the Red Army
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