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probably be reached and more pills tested than in a bus parked outside the entrance.<br />
Possibly more new users or more varied groups of users would also be reached. A<br />
potential drawback of inside testing is its practical viability, given that the cooperation<br />
of club managements or party organisers is required. The potential for targeted warning<br />
campaigns is excellent. Confiscation of pills by security staff is incompatible with<br />
on-site testing on the premises – it would be absurd to confiscate pills at the door but<br />
to allow testing inside. Important advantages of on-site testing are that pills can be<br />
tested immediately and that information can be obtained about the users, enabling a<br />
much more effective response in the event of emergencies.<br />
Encouragement of ecstasy use<br />
Not taking ecstasy is often the result of a conscious decision which – as reported in<br />
our interviews with club- and partygoers who had never taken the drug – is mainly<br />
based on concerns or fears about the harmful effects of the drug, and also on personal<br />
preferences. Pill testing was also reported to play a minor role in decisions not<br />
to take ecstasy. The hazardous pills sometimes detected by pill tests and the warning<br />
leaflets distributed by the pill-testing services had influenced some of the non-users<br />
to stay away from ecstasy. A small proportion of the non-users did report that they<br />
had ‘not yet got round to’ taking ecstasy yet, and pill-testing services might conceivably<br />
facilitate that step. The majority of them, however, said they would not avail<br />
themselves of chance opportunities to take a ‘good-quality’ pill. Nightlifers who had<br />
taken ecstasy in the past year reported that their use of the drug was motivated<br />
mainly by curiosity, which was partly stimulated by the ‘good stories’ that go around<br />
about the drug, especially amongst friends.<br />
As in previous European research, the considerable time that elapses between the<br />
first use of ecstasy and the first use of a testing service argues against any causal<br />
connection between pill testing and the initiation of ecstasy use. The testers had not<br />
used a testing service until an average of three years after taking their first ecstasy.<br />
We also found no difference here between testing and non-testing users in terms of<br />
the age of first ecstasy use (around 18 years). Nor did we find pill testing to have any<br />
stimulating influence on the frequency of ecstasy use. In other words, a comparison<br />
between testing and non-testing ecstasy users did not reveal any encouragement of<br />
ecstasy use. This confirms the earlier European research. The question of whether<br />
pill-testing services may nonetheless have an encouraging or legitimising effect in a<br />
more general way on either testing or non-testing users cannot be answered on the<br />
basis of our data.<br />
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