Een typologische benadering van de hopast in Vlaanderen - OAR ...

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174f. becuwe & g. vandermarlierestarting to be used, as witnessed by many 19th century dryingfloors consisting of flat slats 3 to 5 cm wide and 2 to 4 cm high,placed 7 to 10 cm apart and resting on wooden beams anchoredto the timber framed or brick walls. From about 1895, dryingfloors in the Poperinge area were increasingly fitted with narrow,trapezoid slats that were (again) just 2,5 to 3 cm wide and 2,5 cmhigh. The narrow, trapezoid shape allowed better circulation ofthe warmed air.From the last quarter of the 19th century, in imitation of thekinds of oasts used in the malting of barley and the drying offruit, hop oast houses were built with a double or triple dryingfloor, because this arrangement made more efficient use of thewarmed air.Hop oast houses built after the First Wold War are characterizedby extensive or even complete mechanisation. In the 1920s,the so-called Winkler system, which was already being used bymalting operations, was introduced. Warm air from a closed-incoke fire was mixed with cold air that entered via an air opening.A fan ensured a strong current of warm air under the dryingfloor, which was now positioned just a few metres above groundlevel. Some of the warm air was captured from the warm airroom under the drying floor and, via a return pipe and a regulator,diverted back to the coke fire. The remaining warm airpenetrated the hop, which was spread about 80 cm thick. Thewater vapour emanating from the hop left the oast house via theoast chimney. A regulator ensured that the temperature did notexceed 40°C, so that even with an economical use of fuel(between 8 to 30 kg of coke for each 100 kg of hop), it was possibleto achieve optimal drying of the hop. In a departure fromthe warm air system that became prevalent in the 1880s, theWinkler system allowed the smoke that formed when the firewas first lit to be immediately diverted via a chimney.In the second half of the interwar years – especially in the Poperingeregion – the kind of mechanised oast houses built by thePoperinge building firm Allaeys set the tone. This system was, infact, very similar to the system with double drying floors thathad been in use from the end of the 19th century onwards. Theoast house was fitted with an external, sunken, closed-in cokefurnace. This furnace produced hot air for the pipes runningunder the two metal drying floors. The hop was first placed onthe upper floor, which consisted of vertically rotating panels. Thehop was then tipped onto the lower rotatable drying floor. Whenthis floor was rolled, the dried hop fell on a lower drying flooradjacent. This drying floor was used to sulphur the hop, bymeans of a pot containing yellow sulphur sticks that was placedbelow the floor. To make sure the sulphur turned to vapour, ared-hot rod of iron was added to the pot. The roof above the doubledrying floor was fitted with a cowl fitted with an electricaspirator. After the Second World War, these mechanisedAllaeys oast houses continued in use for some time. In many ofthem, however, the system of pipes in the warm air room wasreplaced with a fan, with the aim – as in the Winkler system – ofpromoting the flow of warm air.Starting in the 1960s, hop was systematically dried usingburners fuelled by heating oil or propane and fitted with powerfulfans. These forced the warm air up via brick air channels tothe drying floors, resulting in a short drying time (see fig. 36).From the end of the 1960s we start to see some hop oast houseswith conveyor belts. With this system, a fairly large quantity ofhop could be dried simultaneously with optimal energy consumption.Although some variants on this type have been developed,hop oast houses have not changed in any significant waysince the 1960s.—
Een typologische benadering van de hopast in Vlaanderen 175Bibliografieauverdin a. 1884: Le Houblon et sa culture, Namen.baily de merlieux c. 1837: Du houblon et sa culture, Maison rustique du XIXe siècle. Encyclopédied’Agriculture pratique. Tome second. Cultures industrielles et Animaux domestiques, Parijs,113-120.becuwe f. 2008: Aanbeveling tot bescherming van hopgebonden industrieel erfgoed in Poperinge enAsse/Dilbeek (op basis van een typologische evaluatie van de ‘representatieve inventaris van het bouwkundigehoperfgoed in Poperinge en Asse/Dilbeek, samengesteld door De Keteniers’), Vlaams Instituutvoor het Onroerend Erfgoed, onuitgegeven nota.becuwe f. 2009: In de ban van Ceres. Klein- en grootmaalderijen in Vlaanderen (ca. 1850 - ca. 1950),Relicta Monografieën 3. Archeologie, Monumenten- en Landschapsonderzoek in Vlaanderen,Brussel.becuwe f. m.m.v. derickx d. 1990: Mouterij-brouwerij De Snoek. Van een dorstlavend verledentot een museale toekomst, Beauvoorde-Alveringem.becuwe f. m.m.v. derickx d. 1995: Het Mout- & Brouwhuis de Snoek. Mouten en brouwen in de19de eeuw, Cultuurtoerisme in de Westhoek 2, Alveringem.becuwe [h.] 1856: Verslag over eenige praktische middelen om den aenkweek van de hoppe teverbeteren, De Akkerbouw 44 & 45, Gent.becuwe [h.] 1857: Du houblon, Journal d’agriculture pratique d’économie forestière, d’économierurale et d’éducation des animaux domestiques du Royaume de Belgique 9, 441-446.bellefroid m. 1852: Du houblon dans ses rapports avec la Belgique, Journal d’agriculture pratiqued’économie forestière, d’économie rurale et d’éducation des animaux domestiques du Royaume deBelgique 5, 85-88.cheyns m. 2009: Kort, rap en zonder blad. Hoppepluk tussen 1880 en 1960, Brugge.claessens j.1946: Edmond Leplae, Annuaire de l’Institut Royal Colonial Belge 1, 101-155.colman h. 1850: De l’agriculture et de l’economie rurale, Brussel.de bo l. 1873: Westvlaamsch idioticon, Brugge, 2 dln.debruyne r., leman w. & verbrugge v. 2008: Tabaksdroogasten kleuren het Wervikse landschap.Het Wervikse tabakspatrimonium niet in rook laten opgaan, OMD-brochure, Wervik.dejaegher a. 1911: Het verbeteren der hopasten. Verslag over den Prijskamp tot het verbeteren derdroogasten, Ronse.delanote p. 1994: Het economisch belang van de hop. In: deneire B. (red.), Zeven x hop, Veurne,75-81.delepiere a.-m. & huys m. 1989: Bouwen door de eeuwen heen in Vlaanderen. Inventaris van hetcultuurbezit in België. Architectuur. Deel 11n 2. Provincie West-Vlaanderen. Arrondissement Ieper.Kanton Poperinge, Turnhout.de meerleer r. 2008: Een traditionele hopast te Erembodegem uit het midden van de 19de eeuw,Hopflash 13, 2, 5-8.dendooven l. (red.) 1959-1962: Dit is West-Vlaanderen. Steden - gemeenten - bevolking, Brugge,3 dln.develter c. 1994: De botanische aspecten van de Hop. In: deneire b. (red.), Zeven x hop, Veurne,13-20.
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