NO. 2 / 2008 - Universitatea "Constantin BrÃ¢ncuÅi"

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Analele Universităţii “Constantin Brâncuşi” din Târgu Jiu, Seria Litere şi Ştiinţe Sociale, Nr. 2/2008democraţia participativă) →democraţia (reprezentativă) →transfer de legitimitate asupraorganismelor internaţionale,3. Caracterul inclusiv şi exclusiv alparticipării,4. Fecunda contaminare (pozitivă saunegativă) a democratizării (îndeosebiîn era globalizării).B. Dimensiunile democratizării (lanivelul statului - naţiune)participating democracy) →democracy (representative) →transfer of legitimacy uponinternational organisms,3. Inclusive and exclusive character ofparticipation,4. Profitable contamination (positive ornegative) of democratization(especially in globalization age).B. Sizes of democratization (at thelevel of nation-state)Dimensiuneacontestării(liberalizare)Lărgireasfereioportunităţilor (decontestare)De lahegemonii închise,laoligarhiiconcurenţialeContestation size(liberalization)Enlargingtheopportunities sphere(contestation)Fromclosedhegemonies toconcurentialoligarchiesDimensiuneaparticipării(cuprind)Lărgireaactivităţilor(departicipare;orientarespre regimuricuprinzătoare, care nusuntobligatoriuconcurenţiale)Putereacontinuăsă fiecontrolatăde cătreeliteledominante, deşisuntregimuriîn caretoţi auposibilitatea de aparticipaThe sizeofparticipation(inclusion)Enlargingactivities(participation; broadsystemsorientation,which arenotcompulsorilyconcurential)Powercontinuesto becontrolledbydominating elites,althoughthere aresystemswhereeverybody has theopportunity toparticipateLiberalizarea +cuprinderea=democratizareaRegimuri poliarhice(niciun grup nu este în măsură de a prelua puterea;puterea este divizată)Liberaliztion +inclusion=democratizationPoliarchic systems(no group can take over the power; power isdivided)ControlulresponsabilizăriiguvernanţilorControllin thegovernorsresponsibilityDemocraţia laintrareDemocraţia laieşireDemocracy atentryDemocracy at exitNOTĂ: Procesul nu este ireversibil.Explicaţiile sunt susţinute de fazeledemocratizării.NOTE: The process is notirreversible. Explanations are supported bythe democratization phases.Annals of the „Constantin Brâncuşi” University of Târgu Jiu, Series Letters and Social Sciences, No. 2/200820
Analele Universităţii “Constantin Brâncuşi” din Târgu Jiu, Seria Litere şi Ştiinţe Sociale, Nr. 2/2008Evoluţia de la regimuri nedemocraticecătre regimurile democratice (DankwartRustow).a) Condiţia preliminară: acordul general alparticipanţilor cu privire la apartenenţa la ocomunitatea politicălupta între grupuri de eliteb) Lupta dintre grupurile de elite nu sefinalizează prin victoria „decisivă” a unuigrup asupra celorlalte, ci printr-uncompromis. Compromisul reprezintădeopotrivă refuz (delimitarea elitelor deinteresul de grup) şi acceptare (tolerareareciprocă într-o convieţuire ce permitedeclanşarea competiţiei, dar şi acordulprivind intrarea în competiţie).The evolution from non-democraticsystems to democratic systems (DankwartRustow).a) Preliminary condition: participants’general consent regarding their belonging tothe political communityfight between groups of elitesb) The fight between groups of elites is notfinished through the “decisive” victory of agroup upon the others, but through acompromise. Compromise is at the samerefusal (marking the elites of group interest)and acceptance (reciprocal tolerance withinliving together which allows to initiatecompetition, but also the approval forentering to competition).HABITATION(se au în vedere şifactoriicontextuali:memoria istoricăa democraţiilorabandonate,contaminareapozitivă saunegativă,existenţa sauabsenţa pieţeiconcurenţiale,etc.)ACOMODAREA CUREGULILE,NORMELE ŞIPROCEDURILEDEMOCRATICE(pot fi şi riscuri,generatoare decrize, ce potconducecăderearegimurilordemocratice)laCele treivaluri aledemocratizării (S.Huntington)HABITATION(contextual factorsare taken intoconsideration:historical memoryof abandoneddemocracies,positive or negativecontamination,existance orabsence ofcompetitionalmarketGETTINGFAMILIAR WITHDEMOCRATICRULES,REGULATIONSANDPROCEDURES(there may be risks,causing crisis thatmay lead to the fall ofdemocratic systemsThe threewaves ofdemocratization (S.Huntington)NOTĂ: 1) Cele trei valuri aledemocratizării ilustrează fluxul şi refluxulregimurilor democratice 33 .2) Caracterul ireversibil (saureversibil) al democratizării depinde defactori ce caracterizează democraţia formală(construcţia instituţională, autoritatea şilegitimitatea instituţiilor democraţiei,pluralismul dezvoltat, pluripartidismul real şifuncţional, cultura politică, legiferareadurabilă, ordinea politică internă şiinternaţională stabilă, accentuarea efectuluide domino al proceselor de democratizare)cât şi mai ales democraţia substanţială(eradicarea sărăciei, ritmul reformeloreconomice şi politice, statutul social alindividului, puterea exemplului modeluluidemocratic, slăbirea şi limitarea presiuniiNOTE: 1) The three waves of democratizationillustrate the flow and backflow ofdemocratic systems 35 .2) The irreversible (or reversible)character of democratization depends onfactors characterizing formal democracy(institutional construction, authority andlegitimacy of democracy institutions,developed pluralism, real and functionalpluripartidism, political culture, sustainablecertification, stable internal and internationalpolitical order, focusing on the domino effectof democratization processes) and especiallysubstantially democracy (finishing poverty,the rhythm of economic and political reforms,individual social status, the power of exampleof the democratic pattern, weakening andlimiting the pressure of backflow by limitingAnnals of the „Constantin Brâncuşi” University of Târgu Jiu, Series Letters and Social Sciences, No. 2/200821
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NO. 2 / 2008 - Universitatea "Constantin BrÃ¢ncuÅi"