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SUMMARY
Wojciech Radecki: Environmental protection in the European criminal law.
Part IV. Liability of legal persons. The articles 6 and 7 of the Directive
2008/99/EC of the European Parliament and the Council on the protection of the
environment through criminal law dated 19 November 2008 include regulations
addressing the principles of liability of legal persons for criminal offences against
the environment (Article 6) and the penalties used towards legal persons (Article
7). Part IV of the overview includes a discussion of these regulations together
with their comparison to the polish Act on the Liability of Collective Entities for
Małgorzata Ostrowska: Variability of biogens concentration in the water of
the Mała Panew River under the impact of atmospheric precipitation and
river discharge. The paper contains the result of studies on the contents and
changeability during the years 1998 and 2002 of concentration of three nutrients:
N-N0
-
, N-NH + i P-P0 3
3 4 4 in the Mała Panew river. It was stated that the Mała
Panew river belongs to waters of average fertility. Distinct changeability of
concentration of nutrients during the years was observed. The highest
concentration was noticed during the winter and the spring. The lowest
concentration was observed during the vegetation period.
Acts Prohibited under Penalty dated 28 October 2002.
Piotr P. Małecki: Trends in size of the major pollutants’ emission to the
Dorota Burchart–Korol: Ecodesign – holistic approach for the design. In this
paper ecological aspects in the design and development of product is presented.
Ecological aspects are becoming more important for modern enterprises in the
product development. They are aspiring to it their products to be determined as
eco-friendly and they are using for it ecodesign which relies on such designing the
product which the rational application enables, at all stages of the cycle of the life
enabling raw materials of materials, water and the energy recycling at
simultaneous reducing the impact on the environment. Therefore a success of the
enterprise often depends on ecodesign. Holistic approach for the design, taking
environment in Poland throughout years: 1990-2008. This article contains an
assessment of changes in emissions of major environmental pollutants in Poland
since the beginning of the economic and social transformation to 2008 year.
Analysis embraces the size of main pollutants in the air, water and land. This is
expressed in terms of quantities of discharged into the air volatile substances, i.e.
sulphur dioxide, oxides of nitrogen, carbon dioxide, carbon monoxide and dust,
the quantities discharged to municipal and industrial waste waters and quantities
of municipal waste and other waste. Graphically, there has been shown the trends
of the size of all these pollutants above mentioned in the period under review.
into account apart from the traditional design also ecological aspects, lets to
combine needs of customers and the responsibility of the enterprise for the
environment.
Teresa Sadoń-Osowiecka: School Sightseeing and Tourism as Alternative
Education – Natural, Social, Cultural and Pedagogical Contexts. The paper
presents the role of school sightseeing and tourism seen as an alternative to formal
Joanna Gliwicz: Unexpected effects of the climate warming: snow – field education, as well as to mass and equal ways of seeing the world. Moreover, these
o
voles–biodiversity. Recently, several reports from Northern Europe (>60 N) activities are considered as the alternative to consumption-oriented attitude to the
indicated significant change in population dynamics of voles and lemmings. The environment and finally, to imposed ways of cognition. Tourist values are treated
change from high–amplitude regular cycles to acyclic fluctuations at relatively here as the social constructs created by media. The article compares the idea of
low level is regarded as an effect of climate warming, most pronounced in winter. areas, understood here as the product made for tourists – consumers, to
Data presented in this article (1) show similar changes in the dynamics of two vole Baudrillard’s concept of simulacra (the false images of reality replacing the true
species in Poland over last 25 years, (2) indicate which winter weather factors are world and devouring it). In this context, tourism and sightseeing activities
most important for successful survival of voles and (3) demonstrate that those provided by school can be seen as the acts of authenticity searching, performed by
factors changed to disadvantage of overwintering voles, over last half–century outsiders who discover and construct their own places and therefore create their
due to global warming. The decline in vole abundance is indicated as an indirect
cause for the fall in the abundance of small game observed in Poland over the last
20 years.
own identity out of the consumerist currents.
STRESZCZENIA
Marta Jańczak: A protective collection of traditional fruit tree varieties in the
Silesian Botanical Garden. Cultivation of fruit trees has been accompanying the
humans since neolith times recognized as the beginnings of agriculture.
Advancements in fruit growing occurred together with the development of
civilization resulting in the cultivation of many new varieties. Presently, some of
the traditional varieties of a lower production value have been rapidly eliminated
from cultivation. However, they apparently show other qualities e.g. high
resistance to different pathogens or climatic changes of the environment. Efforts
have been made to collect as many as possible of the no longer commercially
available varieties in orchards managed in a traditional way. Botanical gardens
are a perfect place to establish orchards by ex-situ method as they are aimed at
Radecki Wojciech: Ochrona środowiska w europejskim prawie karnym.
Część IV. Odpowiedzialność osób prawnych. Artykuły 6 i 7 dyrektywy Parlamentu
Europejskiego i Rady 2008/99/WE z 19 listopada 2008 r. w sprawie
ochrony środowiska poprzez prawo karne zawierają regulacje dotyczące pod-
staw odpowiedzialności osób prawnych za przestępstwa przeciwko środowisku
(art. 6) oraz sankcji stosowanych wobec osób prawnych (art. 7). Przedmiotem
czwartej części szkicu jest omówienie tych regulacji oraz skonfrontowanie ich
w polską ustawą z 28 października 2002 r. o odpowiedzialności podmiotów zbio-
rowych za czyny zabronione pod groźbą kary.
protection of the gene resources. Growing a collection of traditional varieties Dorota Burchart–Korol: Ekoprojektowanie – holistyczne podejście do projekcreates
possibilities for their use in the future by introduction of molecular towania. W artykule przedstawiono włączenie aspektów ekologicznych do protechniques
based research. cesu projektowania i rozwoju produktu. Obecnie przedsiębiorstwa rozwijając
A collection of traditional fruit–trees has been cultivated in the Silesian Botanical nowy produkt, oprócz kosztów i jakości tego produktu coraz większą uwagę
Garden in Mokołów in an area of 2,38 ha. The orchards are grown using zwracają na jego wpływ na środowisko naturalne. Dążą do tego, aby ich produkty
environmentally friendly farming methods and applying exclusively natural były określane jako ekologiczne i coraz częściej wykorzystują do tego ekopro-
plant protection means and fertilizers. Workshops and training courses are jekowanie, które polega na takim zaprojektowaniu produktu, które umożliwia
organized in the orchards for the audience of experts from pomology institutes racjonalne wykorzystanie, surowców materiałów, wody i energii na wszystkich
e.g. The Research Institute of Pomology and Floriculture from Skierniewice and etapach cyklu życia umożliwiając recykling przy jednoczesnym zmniejszeniu
the Silesian Center of Agricultural Consultancy in Częstochowa – Mikołów wpływu na środowisko. Dlatego właśnie od ekoprojektowania często zależy suk-
Division. Plans are made extend the collection into new areas, development of ces przedsiębiorstwa. Holistyczne podejście do projektowania, uwzględniające
a detailed inventory of the trees grown in the Garden and obtaining new examples oprócz tradycyjnego projektowania również aspekty ekologiczne, pozwala na
of diminishing traditional fruit tree varieties from old orchards in home gardens połączenie potrzeb klientów z odpowiedzialnością przedsiębiorstwa za środo-
identified during site expeditions.
wisko.
Straszko J., Gabriel U., Poświtajło A.: Analysis of imission measurement
results in cracow region by instructural methods. The analysis results of
imission measurements recorded at monitoring stations in Cracow region in the
period of September 2007 – April 2008 have been presented. Contamination
levels of SO 2, CO, NO, NO x, PM10, O 3 and meteorological parameters: wind
direction, wind speed, temperature and atmospheric pressure were examined.
The measured magnitudes determine time series with periodic oscillations and
oscillations in shorter periods. Dynamics of imission and meteorological
parameters changes in time were described and dependencies of contamination
levels of pollutants on meteorological parameters were analyzed. The way of
imission fields construction on the basis of experimental data was given.
Instructural methods have been applied.
110 Problemy Ekologii, vol. 14, nr 3, maj-czerwiec 2010
Joanna Gliwicz: Nieprzewidywane skutki ocieplenia klimatu: śnieg – norniki
– bioróżnorodność. W ostatnich latach pojawiają się coraz częściej sygnały
o
z północnej Europy (>60 N), wskazujące na istotne zmiany zachodzące w prze-
biegu wieloletniej liczebności norników i lemingów. Zmiany te, polegające na
zaniku regularnych cykli populacyjnych o wysokiej amplitudzie i pojawieniu się
w ich miejsce niecyklicznych fluktuacji na stosunkowym niskim poziomie li-
czebności, przypisywane są globalnemu ociepleniu klimatu, najsilniej zaznaczającemu
się w północnej i umiarkowanej strefie klimatycznej w okresie zimy. Da-
ne zaprezentowane w tym artykule (1) przedstawiają podobne zmiany dynamiki
liczebności w populacjach dwóch gatunków norników w Polsce w okresie ostat-
nich 25 lat; (2) wskazują, które czynniki meteorologiczne są najistotniejsze dla
zimowej przeżywalności norników oraz (3) wykazują statystycznie, że te właśnie