final version - Columbia University
final version - Columbia University
final version - Columbia University
Create successful ePaper yourself
Turn your PDF publications into a flip-book with our unique Google optimized e-Paper software.
} ¡$#TU8P3M ¥ U-6DP39aB89©U803F76DU"MbG]6:PS5KU 9041>H9©BD574T9=L6 ¡V/ 6:BD5Z1 5K=3XF ^$-3=SM=39$MCG]6DP39aU89©B85K9©U";39 /<br />
5KXC03BD9<br />
;3B:@C4T@b6D5K[@bFKF7^@CU ¥ 95K=L6:B8M1;S03[©9Z4¤5KU8UD57=3Xa;3@b6c@ ¡ \ =S;39©9;U-34¤MU86V4¤96DP3MR;3UN>H9©B GIMBD4<br />
6:9BD57MB:@b6D9©U<br />
} ¡ S2S ^R579©FK;SU 6DP39U:@b4T9 B:@b=31 5K=3X MCGO4T96:P3MR;3U @b6 ~ MB }C~ 4¤5KUDU85K=3X ;3@b6c@ I @bFKF 6DP3BD99<br />
6:57M=<br />
¥ 9©5KXCP 6D9©;§U8034g4¤96DP3MR;3U >H9©B GIMBD42H96D6D9©B"6:PA@C=@CFKFd6:PSBD9©9 ¥N95KXPL6:9;§UD0344¤96DP3M1;SU9-s@b=3;<br />
03=<br />
2H9©U 6 U86DB:@b6D9©XC^+GIMCB¤P3@C=3;3F75K=3X!4T57UDU85K=3X ;A@b6:@!;S9©>H9©=3;3U 03> MC=j6DP39f1b9©BD=S9©F"[©M42S5K=A@b6D5KM=<br />
6:PS9<br />
¡ "UD5K=SX@C= 03= ¥N95KXPL6:9;+[©M4 235K=A@ 6:5KMC=U- 6DP39 2H9©U 6M/ 6:M./ ¥NMB8U86aB:@C=1R57=3X 57Uae-FKF / 6-MC=390/<br />
4¤96:PSM1;<br />
¡ M= C9©BDU89©F ^$- 03UD57=3X @ ¥ 9©5KXCP 6D9©; [©MC4235K=3@b6:57M=U-O6DP39 [MBDB89©UD>HM=3;S5K=3X§BD@C=31 5K=3X 5KU /R9©F7G /<br />
/19F7G<br />
e FKF ¡ 6-MC=390/<br />
= U8P3MB869-L6:P357U 9 41> 9BD5K4¤9©=L6 ;3MR9©U UDP3M ¥ [M= R5K=3[5K=3XF ^6:P3@b6 @C= /QP!R [©@C=¤4 @51b9"@C[©[03B:@b6D9<br />
\<br />
>3BD9UD9©=S[©9 MbG 4¤5KU8UD5K=SX$;3@b6c@Y P3M ¥ 9¦C9©B9-R6:P39 B89©UD0SF76:U @CB89"57=3[©MC=3[©F703UD5 9 ¥ 576DP<br />
>3B89©;357[6:57M=3U%57=¤6DP39<br />
(¡ & ¦ ¡§¦©¡¤¨<br />
P39_>3B85K4T@CB8^ [M=3[FK03U85KM= GIB8M4 6:P357U 9©4¤>357BD5K[©@CFU86D03;S^ 57U 6:P3@b603U85K=3X @ ¥N95KXPL6:9; UD034 MCG<br />
N<br />
@C=!/P!R[FE@CU8UD57J39©BZ;3MR9©U =3MC6 @CF ¥W@^RU5K4¤>3B8M C903>HM=6:PS9 UD5K4¤>3F79©B9-H03= ¥ 9©5KXCP 6D9©;<br />
1C9BD=39FKU57=<br />
@b>3>3BDM@C[cP ¡ \ = >3@CB86D5K[©0SFE@CB8- ¥ 9 PA@ C9UDP3M ¥ = 6DPA@b69-NGIMB¤@ [M42357=A@b6:57M= MCGZU89©Q 039=3[©9<br />
UD0S4<br />
U86:B803[6D03BD9 1b9©B8=39©F7U5K= 6DP39 >SBD9©;S5K[6D5KM= MCG-`9©=39 %Z=L6:MCFKMXC^§6D9©B84TU8-]6:P39 ¥N95KXPL6:9;+UD034<br />
@C=3;<br />
039©=L6:F ^?UD9FK9©[6:U"@ UDMF70S6:57M= 6:PA@ 6 5KU ¥ MBDU89$6DPA@C=?6:P39 03= ¥ 9©5KXCP 6D9©; UD034 ¡ %=?6:PS9<br />
4¤96:PSM1;_GIBD9Q<br />
¥N95KXPL6D9©; UD034g;3MR9©U @C>3>H9@bB 6:M_574T>3B8M 9 6DP39¤/P!R ¢U BDMC2303U86D=39©U8U 5K=6:PS9<br />
MC6DP39©BZP3@C=3;U-s6DP39<br />
MCGZ=3MC5KU8^ MCBT57BDBD9FK9 C@b= 6V1b9©B8=39©F7U ¡ BDM4u@ >3BD@C[6D576:57M=39B ¢U¤>HM57= 6¤MCG 1579¦¥!-N6DP39©U89<br />
>3B89©UD9=3[©9<br />
6:UaUD03XXC9©U86a6:P39 b@CFK039¤MCGV9 b@CFK0A@ 6:5K=SX 57=3;35 R57;30A@CF 1b9©B8=39©F7U ¥ 576DP BD9UD>H9©[66:M @C=L^ XC5 9=<br />
BD9UD03F<br />
#<br />
6DP39 U89©Q 039=3[©9!1C9BD=39Fd@CF7M=39"9¦9= ¥ P39©=_6:PS9 U86DBD03[6:03B8971C9BD=39Fs[©M=SUD5KU 6:U MCG GC~ <br />
2H96D6D9©BN6DPA@C=<br />
9=L6:BD579©U¦¡ 4¤5KUDU85K=3X<br />
N B89©=3;SU@C4TMC=3X 6:PS9WUD5 44¤96DP3M1;SUO6:P3@b6 ¥ 9V[©M=3U85K;39BD9;¡<br />
6 ¥ M!1C9©B8=39©FS[©M42S5K=A@b6D5KM=a4T96:P/<br />
@C=3; 6:P3B89©9 4T96:P3MR;3U%GIMB%B89©>3FK@C[©57=3X 4T57UDUD57=3X b@CFK0S9©U @CBD9V=SMC6 M2 157M03U%GIBDMC4 57X03BD9 } ¡!# ¡<br />
MR;3U<br />
¡ 5KF7[©M 41M= UD57X=39©;/ B:@b=31 [©MC4T>A@bBD5KU8M= MCG$6:P39 ;A@ 6c@ O UD99 UD03>3>SFK9©4¤9©=L6:@CB8^ B89©UD0SF76:U O /19©[ /<br />
e<br />
BD9UD>H9©[6"6DM 6:P392H9©U 6-4¤96DP3MR; GIMBWBD9>3BD9UD9= 6D5K=3X¤4¤5KUDU85K=3X 9 4S@C4T>SFK9©UV57= 6:P3971b9©B8=39©Fp4T@b6:B85K[©9U ¡<br />
[©FK@CUDU857JA[©@b6:57M= 6:@CU21 >3B85KMB 6:M@C>3>3F ^157=3X@ 1C9BD=39FW[©M4 235K=A@ 6:5KMC= 4¤96DP3M1; ¡ \ =+MC6DP39©B ¥NMCBD;3U8-
Change language