巴利語入門 - 法雨道場

利列利利 PALI PRIMER 理 (Dhammajivi)( foreign1 )not for sale

II 利參理來利數了利更更理利 ( ) 利更料利讀利不來利利理精利精理老利了理利旅來識了神利里蘭年更理利更領邏理精神勵臨若不利列益利益理識漏見不吝更列更利來讀讀讀利聆理都利勵樂 Dhammajivi 2004121

VII十一、 verbal compound 181[] 181[] 183[] 184十二、 Comparison and Repetitious Emphasis 185[] 185[] 185十三、連 Sandhi 186[] 連 186[] 連 186[1] [2] [3] [4] [5] [6] [7] 186188188189十四、句 syntax 190[] 省略 190[] iti 191[] 句 191[] 句 192 錄 : [] 198[1] 198[2] 利 208[] 216[] 利 220[] 222[] 利 224[ 六 ] 略 227[] 利 228參 229

2Pli Primer[] k kh g gh v c ch j jh b 車紐 t th d dh n․ ․t th d dh nvbnn 不 p ph b bh m y r l v s h l m 樂利 8 33 理類8 33 a+i a+u a a k kh g gh v he i ic ch j jh b y t th d dh n m r lo t th d dh n l s u up ph b bh m vk,c,t,t,p 2

利 1-a 1.1 [] nom. / nominative =[1] nom. = -a declension-o = 數 = m.s.nom.-a = 數 = m.p.nom. 句例 s.( 數 ) p.( 數 )nara + o = naro nara + a= nara [2] bhasa, paca, kasa base-ti 數 =pr.3,s.-nti 數 =pr.3,p.[3] 例 s.( 數 ) p.( 數 )1. bhasati 說 bhasanti 說2. pacati pacanti 3. kasati kasanti [4] 句例數 s.( 數 ) p.( 數 )1. naro bhasati. 說 nara bhasanti. 說 2. matulo pacati. matula pacanti. [] acc. / accusative =[1] 數 -m = 數 =m.s.acc.-e = 數 =m.p.acc. 1. 句 2. acc. 來 1

2Pli Primer[2] 例數數 nara + m = naram nara + e = nare [3] 句例數 1. Putto naram passati. Putta nare passanti. 數 2. Brahmano matulam rakkhati. Brahmana matule rakkhanti. 羅諸羅 [] ins./ instrumental =[1] 數 -ena = 數 =m.s.ins.-ehi = 數 =m.p.ins.-ebhi = 數 =m.p.ins. 1.[2] 例 2. saddhim/ saha 不數數 nara + ena = narena nara + ehi = narehi (narebhi)[3] 句例數數 1. Samano narena saddhim gamam gacchati. Samana narehi saddhim gamam gacchanti.2. Kassako kakacena rukkham chindati. Kassaka kakacehi rukkhe chindanti.[] dat./ dative =[1] 數 -aya/ -ssa = 數 = m.s.dat.-anam = 數 = m.p.dat. 2

利 3[2] 例數 nara + aya / ssa = naraya / narassa 數 nara + anam = naranam[3] 句例數數 1. Dhivaro naraya maccham aharati. Dhivara naranam macche aharanti. 來來 2. Putto matulassa odanam dadati. Putta matulanam odanam dadanti. 飯飯 [] abl./ ablative =[1] 數 -a/ -mha/ -sma = 數 = m.s.abl.-ehi = 數 = m.p.abl.-ebhi = 數 = m.p.abl. 離 [2] 例數數 nara + a/ mha/ smanara + ehi= nara/ naramha/ narasma = narehi (narebhi)[3] 句例數數 1. Yacako naramha bhattam yacati. Yacaka narehi bhattam yacanti. 飯飯 2. Putto matulamha pabham pucchati. Putta matulehi pabhe pucchanti.[ 六 ] gen./ genitive =[1] 數類 -aya/ -ssa = 數 = m.s.gen.-anam = 數 = m.p. gen. 3

4Pli Primer[2] 例數 nara + aya / ssa = naraya / narassa 數 nara + anam = naranam[3] 句例數數 1. Narassa putto bhattam yacati. Naranam putta bhattam yacanti. 飯飯 2. Matulassa sahayako ratham aharati. Matulanam sahayaka rathe aharanti. 來車來車 [] loc./ locative =[1] 數 -e/ -mhi/ smim = 數 =m.s.loc.-esu = 數 = m.p. loc. [2] 例數 nara + e / mhi / smimnara + esu= nare / naramhi / narasmim = naresu[] 句例數數數 1. sappo narasmim patati. sappa naresu patanti.2. Putto matulamhi pasidati. Putta matulesu pasidanti.[] voc./ vocative =[1] 數 -a = 數 = m.s.voc.-a = 數 = m.p.voc.[2] 例數數 nara nara + a= nara 1.2. -a declension4

利 71.5 akkosatianusasatiakaddhatiagacchatiadadatiaruhatiasibcatiaharatiahindatiutthahatiuttaratiuppatatiicchatiotaratioruhatiovadatikasatikilatikhanatikhadatigacchaticaratichindatijivatidasatitaratititthatidadatidhavatidhovatinaccatinahayatinikkhamati拉來來來流浪來來降行切離 pr.3,s.nikkhipatinisidatipakkosatipacatipajahatipatatipavisatipasidatipassatipaharatipibati / pivatipucchatiphusatibhasatibhindatibhubjatiyacatirakkhatirodatilabhativandativasativijjhativivarativiharatisamharatisannipatatisayatihanatiharatihasati 落說禮禮刺留殺7

8Pli Primer 1.6 見 p.751.2.3.4.5.6.7.8.9.10.11.12.13.14.15.16.17.18.19.20.21.22.23.24.Bhupalo bhubjatiBrahmana bhasanti.Tathagato dhammam bhasati.Kassaka avate khananti.Puriso puttena saha dipam dhavati.Buddho savakehi saddhim viharam gacchati.Kassako sarena sigalam vijjhati.Putta padehi kukkure paharanti.Matulo puttehi saddhim rathena gamam agacchati.Kassakassa daraka matulanam rathehi pabbatam gacchanti.Vanijo rajakassa satakam dadati.Brahmano savakanam mabce aharati.dhivaro manussanam macche aharati, labham labhati.Mittanam matula tapasanam odanam dadanti.Cora gamamha pabbatam dhavanti.Manussa Buddhehi dhammam labhanti.Kassakassa putto vejjassa sahayena saddhim agacchati.Vanijanam assa kassakassa gamam dhavanti.Brahmano sahayakena saddhim rathamhi nisidati.Kassakanam gona game ahindanti.Buddho dhammam bhasati, sappurisa Buddhamhi pasidanti.deva Buddhassa savakesu pasidanti.MatulaBuddha8

10Pli Primer連 gerund 不 infinitive2.1. 連 ger.abs. 不 [] 連 ger. = 狀理 1. -i-tva2. 3. -ya連 ger.abs.不 [] 連例 [1] 1. 2. 狀例 1. pac + i + tva = pacitva = having cooked 2. khad + i + tva = khaditva = having eaten 3. gam + tva = gantva/ gamitva = having gone 4. han + tva = hantva = having killed 殺 [2] 3. 狀例 1. a + gam + ya = agamma = having come 來 2. a + da + ya = adaya = having taken 3. a + ruh + ya = aruyha = having climbed 4. ava + ruh + ya = oruyha = havingdescended10 來降 [] 列 pr.3,s. 連 pr.3,s. 連 1. bhubjatibhubjitva 6. titthati thatvabhutva 立 2. agacchatiagantvanikkhamitva 離來 7. nikkhamatiagammanikkhamma 3. hanatihanitvapajahitva 殺 8. pajahatihantvapahaya 4. dadatidaditvapassitva 9. passatidatvadisva * 5. nahayatinahayitvanahatvanhatva10. utthahati*disva du 更 passitvautthahitvautthaya 來

12Pli Primer 2.3 見 p.811.2.3.4.5.6.7.8.9.10.11.12.13.14.15.16.17.18.19.20.Upasako viharam gantva samananam danam dadati.savako asanamhi nisiditva pade dhovati.daraka pupphani samharitva matulassa datva hasanti.Yacaka uyyanamha agamma kassakasma odanam yacanti.¬uddako hatthena sare adaya arabbam pavisati.Kumara kukkurena saddhim kilitva samuddam gantva nahayanti.Vanijo pasanasmim thatva kuddalena sappam paharati.samana bhupalassa uyyane sannipatitva dhammam bhasanti.Putto nahatva bhattam bhutva mabcam aruyha sayati.darako khiram pivitva gehamha nikkhamma hasati.Kumara vanamhi mittehi saha kilitva bhattam bhubjitum geham dhavanti.Miga tinam khaditva udakam patum pabbatamha uyyanam agacchanti.Vanijassa putto bhandani aharitum rathena nagaram gacchati.Yacako matulassa kuddalena avatam khanitum icchati.Upasaka samananam danam datum viharam pavisanti.Tathagatam passitva vanditum upasako viharam pavisati.Pandito sugatassa savakehi saddhim bhasitum icchati.Rathena nagaram gantum puriso gehasma nikkhamati.siho pabbatamhi sayitva utthaya migam hantum oruhati.samuddam taritva dipam gantva vatthani aharitum vanija icchanti.12

利 132.4 利見 p.841.2.3.4.5.6.7.8.9. 離說 (deseti)老都塞了惡行林來諸了來 10. 了來 11. 葉了裡 12. 塞 13. 說 14. 諸 15. 了離林 16. 了洞 17. 塞了禮裡 18. 了林裡 13

14Pli Primerpresent participle.3.1. ppr. 參 p.147-148 [1] ppr. = -nta / mana[2] ppr. =1. 數 2. 說若 (vt.)3. -a 12 說 4. 參見 p.147-148[3] 例 nta / mana = = 1. paca nta / mana =pacanta /pacamana= 2. gaccha nta / mana =gacchanta /gacchamana= 3. bhubja nta / mana =bhubjanta /bhubjamana= 4. tittha nta / mana =titthanta /titthamana= 5. vihara nta / mana =viharanta /viharamana= 3.2. 句例數數1. Bhattam pacanto / pacamano puriso hasati. (nom.) 飯 2. Vejjo bhattam pacantam / pacamanam purisam pakkosati. (acc.) 飯 3. Vejjo bhattam pacantena / pacamanena purisena saha bhasati. (ins.) 飯說 1. Bhattam pacanta / pacamana purisa hasanti. (nom.) 飯 2. Vejjo bhattam pacante / pacamane purise pakkosati. (acc.) 飯 3. Vejjo bhattam pacantehi / pacamanehi purisehi saha bhasati. (ins.) 飯說 14

利 153.3 [1] -a akusalaapanakammakusalagitacittacivaratundadussadhabbadhana不行 padumapaniyapapapubbabijamularukkhamulavetanasaccasuvanna / hirabba蓮料惡福理金[2] pr.3,s.adhigacchatiakavkhatiamasatiarabhatiupasavkamatiuppajjatiussahati了 khipatigayaticavatipariyesatibhayativapatisibbati 離 3.4 見 p.861.2.3.4.Paniyam yacitva rodanto darako mabcamha patati.Vatthani labhitum icchanto vanijo apanam gacchati.Upasako padumani adaya viharam gacchamano Buddham disva pasidati.Sakuno tundena phalam haranto rukkhasma uppatati.15

16Pli Primer5. Civaram pariyesantassa samanassa acariyo civaram dadati.6.7.8.9.10.11.12.Arabbe ahindanto luddako dhavantam migam passitva sarena vijjhati.Uyyane ahindamanamha kumaramha brahmano padumani yacati.Rathena gacchamanehi amaccehi saha acariyo hasati.Dhabbam akavkhantassa purisassa dhanam datum vanijo icchati.Gone hananta rukkhe chindanta asappurisa dhanam samharitum ussahanti.Samanehi bhasanta upasaka saccam adhigantum ussahanti.Rukkhamule nisiditva civaram sibbantena samanena saddhim upasakobhasati.3.5 利見 p.891.2.3.4.5.6.7.8.9. 路說羅了林離鹿裡落葉惡殺鹿獵禮裡樓裡飯福諸諸諸 10. 林裡落葉 11. 12. 諸了理 16

present 利 174.1. pr. 3 [1] 數數數 s. ( 數 ) p.( 數 )3 (so) pacati (Te) pacanti 2 (Tvam) pacasi (Tumhe) pacatha 1 (Aham) pacami (Mayam) pacama [2] 句例 s. ( 數 ) p.( 數 )3 So bhattam pacati 飯 Te bhattam pacanti 飯2 Tvam bhattam pacasi 飯 Tumhe bhattam pacatha 飯1 Aham bhattam pacami 飯 Mayam bhattam pacama 飯[3] -e 不 1. -e =coreti2. -aya =corayati 例 core = to steal 數數s. ( 數 ) p.( 數 )3 (so) coreti (Te) corenti 2 (Tvam) coresi (Tumhe) coretha 1 (Aham) coremi (Mayam) corema 例 coraya = to steal 數s. ( 數 ) p.( 數 )3 (so) corayati (Te) corayanti 2 (Tvam) corayasi (Tumhe) corayatha 1 (Aham) corayami (Mayam) corayama 3 Conjugation of Verbs Present Tense, Active Voice. 17

18Pli Primer4.2. 類 pr.3,s.aneti 來來 deseti amanteti nimanteti uddeti neti udeti parivajjeti obhaseti 亮 pateti 落 oloketi 見 paleti katheti 說說 pileti cinteti pujeti chadeti pureti jaleti manteti 論thapeti mareti 殺deti (dadati) ropeti 4.3. 連不 - e [1] 連 ger. = desetva, cintetva , pujetva , puretva [2] 不 inf. = desetum , cintetum , pujetum , puretum 4.4.-na kina= to buy 數s. ( 數 ) p.( 數 )3 (so) kinati (Te) kinanti 2 (Tvam) kinasi (Tumhe) kinatha 1 (Aham) kinami (Mayam) kinama 4.5. 類 pr.3,s.ugganhati pahinati ocinati papunati / pappoti ganhati minati 量量janati vikkinati jinati 利 sunati 不 vikarana 18

利 194.6. 連不 pr.3,s. 連 ger. 不 inf.1. janati batva / janitva/ janitaye batum / janitum2. sunati sutva / sunitva sotum / sunitum3.papunati / pappotipatva / papunitva papunitum / pppotum4. ganhati gahetva / ganhitva gahetum / ganhitum4.7. bhavati / hoti () karoti () 連不 [1] 連 ger. = bhavitva / hutva katva[2] 不 inf. = bhavitum / hotum katum atthi (to be) as karoti (to do) kR 4 數s. ( 數 ) p.( 數 )3 (so) atthi (Te) santi 2 (Tvam) asi (Tumhe) attha 1 (Aham) asmi / amhi (Mayam) asma / amha 數s. ( 數 ) p.( 數 )3 (so) karoti (Te) karonti 2 (Tvam) karosi (Tumhe) karotha 1 (Aham) karomi (Mayam) karoma 4.8 見 p.911.2.3.Tvam mittehi saddhim rathena apanamha bhandani aharasi.Aham udakamha padumani aharitva vanijassa dadami.Tumhe samananam datum civarani pariyesatha.4. Mayam sagge uppajjitum akavkhamana silani rakkhama.4 參 p.141-143 [] 見 hoti karoti 理 19

20Pli Primer5. Te dhammam adhigantum ussahantanam samananam danam dadanti.6.7.8.9.10.11.12.13.14.So arabbamhi uppatante sakune passitum pabbatam aruhati.Phalani khadanta tumhe rukkhehi oruhatha.Pasadam upasavkamantam samanam disva bhupalassa cittam pasidati.Buddho viharasmim sannipatantanam manussanam dhammam deseti.Te patte udakena purenta gitam gayanti.Tumhe arabbe vasante mige piletva asappurisa hotha.Mayam apanam gantva vanijehi saddhim kathetva dhabbam vikkinama.Aham kassakehi saha khettasmim rukkhe ropemi.Tvam uddentam sukam disva ganhitum icchasi.15.So vane ahindante gone gamam anetva vanijanam vikkinati.4.9 利見 p.931.2.3.4.5.6.7.8.9. 裡諸說力理裡諸惡行利裡惡 10. 了裡洞 11. 理 12. 裡惡 20

來 future 利 215.1. 來 fut.[] 來 fut. =[1] [2] -i-ssa 來 fut. 來 fut. 了 (i)ssa ,[] 來 fut. =[1] paca = to cook 數s. ( 數 ) p.( 數 )3 (so) pacissati (Te) pacissanti 2 (Tvam) pacissasi (Tumhe) pacissatha 1 (Aham) pacissami (Mayam) pacissama [2] core = to steal 數s. ( 數 ) p.( 數 )3 (so) coressati (Te) coressanti 2 (Tvam) coressasi (Tumhe) coressatha 1 (Aham) coressami (Mayam) coressama [3] kina = to buy 數s. ( 數 ) p.( 數 )3 (so) kinissati (Te) kinissanti 2 (Tvam) kinissasi (Tumhe) kinissatha 1 (Aham) kinissami (Mayam) kinissama 5.2. 列 pr.3,s. 來 fut. 3,s. pr.3,s. 來 fut. 3,s.1. gacchati gamissati 4. titthati thassati 2. agacchati agamissati 來 5. karoti karissati 3. dadati dadissati /dassati21

22Pli Primer 5.3 見 p.951.2.3.4.5.6.7.so pabbatamha udentam candam passitum pasadam aruhissati.Aham samuddam taritva dipam papunitva bhandani vikkinissami.Tumhe viharam upasavkamanta magge pupphani vikkinante manusse passissatha.Mayam bhupala dhammena dipe palessama.Papam parivajjetva kusalam karonte sappurise deva pujessanti.Tvam dhabbena pattam puretva acariyassa dassasi.saccam bhasanta asappurise anusasanta pandita upasaka bhavissanti.5.4 利見 p.961.2.3.4.5.6.7. 裡來林裡諸 22

六利 236.1. opt.pot.mood[1]if, might, would來參見 p.140[2] opt. = -eyya[3] paca = to cook 數s. ( 數 ) p.( 數 )3 (So) paceyya (Te) paceyyum 2 (Tvam) paceyyasi (Tumhe) paceyyatha 1 (Aham) paceyyami (Mayam) paceyyama 類 6.2. 不 (ind.) 句 sace / yadi = na = 不 ca = viya = 類 pi= 6.3. 句例參見 p.138數數1. Sace so bhattam paceyya, aham bhubjeyyami. 飯 2. Sace tvam iccheyyasi, aham coram puccheyyami.3. Yadi aham nagare vihareyyami, so pi nagaram agaccheyya. 來 1. Sace te bhattam paceyyum, mayam bhubjeyyama. 飯 2. Sace tumhe iccheyyatha, mayam core puccheyyama.3. Yadi mayam nagare vihareyyama, te pi nagaram agaccheyyum. 來 23

24Pli Primer 六6.4 見 p.981.Sace tvam dhammam suneyyasi, addha (certainly) tvam Buddhassa savakobhaveyyasi.2.3.4.5.6.Yadi te gitani gayitum ugganheyyum, aham pi ugganheyyami.Sace tvam bijani pahineyyasi, kassako tani (them) khette vapeyya.Sace tumhe padumani ocineyyatha, kumara tani Buddhassa pujeyyum.Yadi mayam bhupalena saha manteyyama, amacca na agaccheyyum.Sace bhupala dhammena dipe paleyyum, mayam bhupalesu pasideyyama.6.5 利見 p.991.2.3. 諸惡諸惡惡 4.5.6. 諸福論來說 24

令 imperative 利 257.1. 令 imp.[1] [ 令 ]imp. 令福參見 p.140[5] 令 [2] 令 imp.= paca = to cook 數s. ( 數 ) p.( 數 )3 (So) pacatu (Te) pacantu 2 (Tvam) paca, pacahi (Tumhe) pacatha 1 (Aham) pacami (Mayam) pacama 數數不 ma 令 7.2. 令句例數數1. So vanijanam bhattam pacatu. 飯 2. Tvam rathena nagaram gaccha / gacchahi. 車 3. Aham dhammam ugganhami. 1. Te vanijanam bhattam pacantu. 飯 2. Tumhe rathena nagaram gacchatha. 車 3. Mayam dhammam ugganhama. 不 ma 5 例 1. Ma tumhe saccam parivajjetha.= 不理 2. Ma te uyyanamhi pupphani ocinantu.= 不裡 5 參 p.169 ma 句 25

26Pli Primer 7.3 見 p.1001.2.3.4.5.Bhupala dhammena dipam palentu.Ma manusso bhayatu, sace so saccam janati, bhasatu.Tumhe papam karonte putte ovadatha.Sugato dhammam desetu, savaka ca upasaka ca viharasmim nisidanti.Ma te papakammani katva manussalokamha cavitva narake (in purgatory)uppajjantu.6.7.8.Ma tvam sunakham amasahi, so tam (you) daseyya.Putta, ma tvam papamitte upasavkama.Ma suvannam coretva gacchanta cora samuddam tarantu.7.4 利見 p.1021.2.3.4.5.6. 裡落葉不樓來不諸惡塞力惡諸行 26

aorist 利 278.1. aor.[] -a conjugation[1] paca = to cook 數s. ( 數 ) p.( 數 )3 (So) apaci, paci 了 (Te) apacimsu, pacimsu 了2 (Tvam) apaci, paci 了 (Tumhe) apacittha, pacittha 了1 (Aham) apacim, pacim 了 (Mayam) apacimha, pacimha 了1. a- a-paci, a-pacimsu 不 6 2. -na vikkinati [2] 句例數數1. Bhupalo dipe cari / acari. 了 2. Tvam bhandani vikkini. 了 3. Aham pabbatam aruhim. 了 1. Bhupala dipesu carimsu/ acarimsu. 了 2. Tumhe bhandani vikkinittha. 了 3. Mayam pabbate aruhimha. 了 [] -e conjugation [1] core = to steal 參 p.139 [3]數s. ( 數 ) p.( 數 )3 (So) coresi, corayi 了 (Te) coresum, corayimsu 了2 (Tvam) coresi 了 (Tumhe) corayitha 了1 (Aham) coresim, corayim 了 (Mayam) corayimha 了6 參 p.173 ma 句 27

28Pli Primer[2] 句例數1. Samano dhammam desesi. 說了 2. Tvam pupphani pujesi. 了 3. Aham dipam jalesim / jalayim. 了數1. Samana dhammam desesum / desayimsu. 說了 2. Tumhe pupphani pujayittha. 了 3. Mayam dipe jalayimha. 了 8.2 見 p.1021.2.Kassako khettam kasitva nahayitum udakam otari.Upaska asanehi utthahitva dhammam desetum upasavkamantam samanamvandimsu.3.4.5.Aham puttassa datum dussam sibbanto gitam gayim.Acariyo asanam dussena chadetva samanam nisiditum nimantesi.Dhammam ugganhitva samano bhavitum akavkhamano amacco acariyampariyesamano Buddham upasavkami.8.3 利見 p.1041.2.3.4. 蓮了了了裡說了了 28

-a 利 299.1. -a 女 declension 例 Vanita = woman 女數 s. ( 數 ) p.( 數 )1. nom. vanita vanita, vanitayo2. acc. vanitam vanita, vanitayo3. ins. vanitaya vanitahi (vanitabhi)4. dat. vanitaya vanitanam5. abl. vanitaya vanitahi (vanitabhi)6. gen. vanitaya vanitanam7. loc. vanitaya, vanitayam vanitasu8. voc. vanite vanita, vanitayo9.2 -a ammakabbakathakhudagavgagivaguhachayajivhadarikadevatanavapabba女論說洞洞女若-a parisapipasabhariyamabjusamalalatavalukasaddhasabhasakhasalasura 流流 9.3 pr.3,s.anubandhati niliyati kujjhati 怒 nivareti dukkham vindati pakkhipati 29

30Pli Primernamassati 禮 patiyadeti parivareti sakkoti poseti sallapati modati sukham vindati 樂vayamati 力 9.4 見 p.1041.2.3.4.5.sace sabhayam kabbayo katheyyum aham pi kathessami.Vanita rukkhassa sakhayo chinditva akaddhi.devatayo pubbani karonte dhammena jivante manusse rakkhantu.Khudaya pilentam gilanam yacakam disva amma bhattam adadi / adasi.Parisam parivaretva pasadamha nikkhamantam bhupalam disva vanitayomodanti.9.5 利見 p.1051.2.3.4. 路路立了裡女女了洞裡女了 30

利 3110.1. pp.past participlepp. [1] -i- -ta= 例 pr.3,s. + -i- + ta = pacati pac + i + ta = pacita bhasati bhas + i + ta = bhasita 說說yacati yac + i + ta = yacita deseti diw + i + ta = desita 說說 pujeti puj + i + ta = pujita gacchati gam + + ta = gata hanati han + + ta = hata 殺殺nayati / neti ni + + ta = nita [2] -na = 例 pr.3,s. + na = chindatibhindatinisidatitaratini +chidbhidsadtR++++nananana====chinnabhinnanisinnatinna 切10.2. = 7 (vt.) = 不 (vi.) -a-a[1] pacati, chindati, nimanteti pacito odano = 飯 ()chinnam pannam = 葉 ()nimantita kabba = 女 ().7 參 p.141-142 p.147-148 31

32Pli Primer[2] gacchati, patati, titthati 不 manusso gato (hoti) = () ;puppham patitam (hoti) = 落 () ;kabba thita (hoti) = 女 ().10.3 pp.pr.3,s. pr.3,s. kasita,1. kasati 19. pivati pitakattha2. pucchati3. pacatipucchita,putthapacita,pakka20. cavati cuta 離 21. hanati hata 殺4. dasati dattha 22. nikkhamati nikkhanta 離 5. phusati phuttha 23. janati bata 6. pavisati pavittha 24. sunati suta7. amasati8. labhatiamasita,amatthaladdha,labhita25. minati mita26. ganhati gahita9. arabhati araddha 27. kinati kita10. bhavati bhuta11. bhubjatibhubjita,bhutta12. vapati vutta13. vasati vuttha14. asibcati asitta15. khipati khitta16. dhovatidhovita,dhota 量量28. papunati patta 29. karoti kata30. titthati thita31. harati hata32. kujjhati kuddha 怒33. dadati dinna 34. pasidati pasanna 17. pajahati pahina 35. passati dittha, (du)18. vivarati vivata36. mubcati mutta 32

利 3310.4. 句例參 p.147-148 1. Upasakehi viharam pavittho Buddho dittho hoti. 塞見 2. Te Buddhena desitam dhammam sunimsu. 了 3. Darikaya ahatani bhandani amma pitakesu pakkhipi. 了女來裡 4. Vanijo patitassa rukkhassa sakhayo chindi. 了 5. Mayam udakena asittehi pupphehi Buddham pujema.6. Kassakena kasite khette sukaro sayati.猪裡 10.5. 見 p.1061.2.3.4.Ammaya mabjusayam pakkhittam suvannam darika na ganhi.Dhotani vatthani gahetva bhariya udakamha uttari.Buddha devehi ca narehi ca pujita honti.Vanitaya dussena chadite asane samano nisiditva sannipatitaya parisayadhammam desesi.5.Savakehi ca upasakehi ca parivarito Buddho viharassa chayaya nisinno hoti.10.6. 利見 p.1071.2.3.4. 來不說了諸諸禮了女女弄了 ins. 33

34Pli Primer-i -i 11.1. -i 女 declension 例 Bhumi = earth, ground 數 s. ( 數 ) p.( 數 )1. nom. bhumi bhumi, bhumiyo2. acc. bhumim bhumi, bhumiyo3. ins. bhumiya bhumihi, (bhumibhi)4. dat. bhumiya bhuminam5. abl. bhumiya bhumihi, (bhumibhi)6. gen. bhumiya bhuminam7. loc. bhumiya, bhumiyam bhumisu8. voc. bhumi bhumi, bhumiyo -i 女類 -i 了數 -i 11.2 [1] -i [2] -i asani 雷 kadali 羚鹿avguli kumari 女 atavi 林林 gavi iddhi 神 taruni doni nadi 流nali 量 nari/ itthi 女 yatthi pokkharani 蓮 yuvati 女女 bhagini ratti brahmani 女羅 ramsi rajini/ devi sammajjani vapi 34

利 3511.3 pr.3,s.aroceti vissajjeti 度 nihareti paticchadeti 露pattheti vihetheti peseti 令 vetheti vyakaroti 說說 11.4. 見 p.1081.Bhupalo rajiniya saddhim navaya nadim taranto udake carante maccheolokento amaccehi saddhim katheti.2.Yuvatiya puttham pabham vyakatum asakkonto aham taya (with her)saddhim sallapitum arabhim.3.Bhaginiya saddhim pokkharaniya tire (bank) thatva so padumani ocinitumvayami.4.5.Rattiya samuddasmim patita candassa rasmiyo oloketva taruniyo modimsu.Bhaginiya dussena vethetva mabcasmim thapitam bhandam itthimabjusayam pakkhipi.11.5. 利見 p.1091.2.3.4.5. 蓮裡蓮了蓮了來說了了雷隆隆雷了說裡女 35

利 37 例 pacanti 女 declension數 s. ( 數 ) p.( 數 )1. nom. pacanti pacanti, pacantiyo2. acc. pacantim pacanti pacantiyo3. ins. pacantiya pacantihi, (pacantibhi)4. dat. pacantiya pacantinam5. abl. pacantiya pacantihi, (pacantibhi)6. gen. pacantiya pacantinam7. loc. pacantiya, pacantiyam pacantisu8. voc. pacanti pacanti, pacantiyo12.3. 句例參 p.141-142 p.147-148 .1 Amma bhattam pacanta kabbaya saddhim katheti. 飯女說數2. Kabba bhattam pacantim ammam passati. 女飯 3. Kabba bhattam pacantiya ammaya udakam deti. 女飯 1.Bhattam pacantiyo ammayo kabbahi saddhim kathenti. 飯女說數2. Kabbayo bhattam pacantiyo ammayo passanti. 女飯 3. Kabbayo bhattam pacantinam ammanam udakam denti. 女飯 37

38Pli Primer 12.4. 見 p.1101.2.3.4.5.6.7.8.9.10.Khette phalani corenti darika kassakam disva bhayiitva dhavitum arabhi.Buddhassa savakena desitam dhammam sutva yuvati saccam adhigantumicchanti ammaya saddhim mantesi.Sayantam sunakham amasanti kumari gehadvare nisinna hoti.Rajini narihi putthe pabhe vyakaronti sabhayam nisinna parisam amantetvakatham kathesi.Atavim gantva rukkham chinditva sakhayo akaddhantiyo itthiyo sigale disvabhayimsu.satakena vethetva niliyitam suvannam passitum akavkhamana yuvatiovarakassa (room) dvaram vivari.Mayam sappurisa bhavitum akavkhamana samane upasavkamma dhammamsutva kusalam katum arabhimha.Saccam batum ussahanta brahmana sahayakehi saha mantayimsu.Ataviyam viharanta miga ca gona ca varaha ca sihamha bhayanti.samana saddhaya upasakehi dinnam bhubjitva saccam adhigantum vayamantasilani rakkhanti.12.5. 利見 p.1121.2.3.4.5.6. 不女籠了不女了女了利益女裡了女惡惡行女怒離了 38

利 39 來 fpp. grd.13.1. 來 8 fpp. / grd.[1] 來 (future passive participle)(potentialparticiple) participle of necessitygerundivegrd.[2] 來 =-tabba / -aniya -tabba -i-[3] = 1.[-a ]2.[-a ][4] ='must,' 'should be' and 'fit to be.' 來例 pacati - pacitabba / pacaniya bhubjati - bhubjitabba / bhojaniya karoti - katabba / karaniya [5] = 來參見 p.148-14913.2. 句例 1. Amma pacitabbam / pacaniyam tandulam (raw rice) pitake thapesi. 了裡 2. Darikaya bhubjitabbam / bhojaniyam odanam aham na bhubjissami. 不女飯 3. Kassakena katabbam / karaniyam kammam katum tvam icchasi.8 參 p.147-148 39

40Pli Primer 13.3. 見 p.1131.2.3.4.5.Upasakehi samana vanditabba honti.Sappurisa pujaniye pujenti, asappurisa tatha (likewise) na karonti.Manussehi dhammo ugganhitabbo, saccam adhigantabbam hoti.Manussehi danani databbani, silani rakkhitabbani, pubbani katabbani.Kathetabbam va akathetabbam va ajananto asappuriso ma sabhayamnisidatu.6.7.8.Upasakena puttho pabho panditena vyakatabbo hoti.Uyyane ropita rukkha na chinditabba honti.Kusalam ajanitva papam karonta kumara na akkositabba te samanehi capanditehi ca sappurisehi ca anusasitabba.9.Asappurisa parivajjetabba ma tumhe tehi saddhim (with them) gameahindatha.10.Sura na patabba sace piveyyatha tumhe gilana bhavissatha.13.4. 利見 p.1151.2.3.4.5.6. 不裡惡不不惡洞裡不 40

causative 利 4314.1. caus.[1] =-e / -aya / -ape / -apaya1. =2. -e / -aya -ape / -apaya 3. 句 agent 來[2] 例 pacati - paceti / pacayati / pacapeti / pacapayati 令 bhubjati - bhojeti / bhojapeti 令 coreti - corapeti / corapayati 令 kinati - kinapeti / kinapayati 令 karoti - kareti / karapayati 令 dadati / deti -dapeti / dapayati 令 14.2. 句例 1. Amma bhaginim bhattam pacapeti. 飯 2. Bhupalo samane ca yacake ca bhojapesi. 了 3. Coro mittena kakacam corapetva vanam dhavi. 了林4. Vejjo puttena apanamha khiram kinapesi. 了 5. Upasaka amaccena samananam viharam karapesum. 塞了 6. Yuvati bhaginiya acariyassa mulam dapetva sippam ugganhi. 女老了 7. Brahmano coram / corena saccam bhasapetum vayami. 羅力說 43

44Pli Primer 14.3. 見 p.1161.2.3.Amma samanehi asappurise putte anusasapesi.Tumhe manusse pilente core amantapetva ovadatha.Vanijo kassakena rukkhe chindapetva / chedapetva sakatena nagaramnetva vikkini.4.5.Samano upasake sannipatapetva dhammam desesi.Matulo kumarehi pupphani ca phalani ca ocinapesi.6.7.8.9.10.Darika sunakham pokkharanim otarapesi.Amacco vanije ca kassake ca pakkosapetva pucchissati.Brahmano acariyena kumarim dhammam ugganhapesi.Upasaka samane asanesu nisidapetva bhojapesum.Sappurisena karapitesu viharesu samana vasanti.14.4. 利見 p.1171.2.3.4.5.惡塞女禮了洞裡羅了 44

-u -i. -i. -u. –u 利 4515.1. -u 女 declension(1)[1] 例 dhenu - cow 數 s. ( 數 ) p.( 數 )1. nom. dhenu dhenu, dhenuyo2. acc. dhenum dhenu, dhenuyo3. ins. dhenuya dhenuhi, (dhenubhi)4. dat. dhenuya dhenunam5. abl. dhenuya dhenuhi, (dhenubhi)6. gen. dhenuya dhenunam7. loc. dhenuya, dhenuyam dhenusu8. voc. dhenu dhenu, dhenuyo[2] -u -u kaneru yagu kasu rajju 紐索 daddu vijju dhatu sassu [3] pr.3,s.obhaseti 說 bhajati chaddeti bhabjati thaketi mapeti 量 naseti vibhajati pattharati vihimsati bandhati sammajjati 45

46Pli Primer15.2. -i declension[1] 例 Aggi = fire 數 s. ( 數 ) p.( 數 )1. nom. aggi aggi, aggayo2. acc. aggim aggi, aggayo3. ins. aggina aggihi (aggibhi)4. dat. aggino, aggissa agginam5. abl. aggina, aggimha, aggisma aggihi (aggibhi)6. gen. aggino, aggissa agginam7. loc. aggimhi, aggismim aggisu8. voc. aggi aggi, aggayo[2] atithiadhipatiariasiahiudadhikapikavikucchigahapatigiridipi-i nidhipatipanibhupatimanimutthimuni / isiravirasivihivyadhi 不 15.3. -i declension[1] 例 Pakkhi = bird 數 s. ( 數 ) p.( 數 )1. nom. pakkhi pakkhi, pakkhino2. acc. pakkhinam, pakkhim pakkhi, pakkhino3. ins. pakkhina pakkhihi (pakkhibhi)4. dat. pakkhino, pakkhissa pakkhinam5. abl. pakkhina, pakkhimha, pakkhisma pakkhihi (pakkhibhi)6. gen. pakkhino, pakkhissa pakkhinam7. loc. pakkhini, pakkhimhi, pakkhismim pakkhisu8. voc. pakkhi pakkhi, pakkhino46

利 47 不 aggi 例數 pakkhini aggi[2] -i kutthi 癩癩 vaddhaki dathi sami dighajivi sarathi pani sikhi papakari 惡 sukhi 福樂 bali 力 setthi manti 參 hatthi/ kari 15.4. -u declension[1] 例 Garu = teacher 老數 s. ( 數 ) p.( 數 )1. nom. garu garu, garavo2. acc. garum garu, garavo3. ins. garuna garuhi (garubhi)4. dat. garuno, garussa garunam5. abl. garuna garuhi (garubhi)6. gen. garuno, garussa garunam7. loc. garumhi, garusmim garusu8. voc. garu garu, garavo[2] -u -u akhu 老 bahu ucchu bhikkhu katacchu velu ketu sattu taru sindhu pasu susu 年 pharasu setu bandhu47

48Pli Primer15.5. -u declension[1] 例 vidu = wise man 數 s. ( 數 ) p.( 數 )1. nom. vidu vidu, viduno2. acc. vidum vidu, viduno3. ins. viduna viduhi (vidubhi)4. dat. viduno, vidussa vidunam5. abl. viduna viduhi (vidubhi)6. gen. viduno, vidussa vidunam7. loc. vidumhi, vidusmim vidusu8. voc. vidu vidu, viduno[2] -u -u atthabbu vadabbu 切 pabhu vibbu mattabbu 量量 sabbabbu 切 15.6. 見 p.1181.2.3.4.5.6.7.Brahmano Buddhassa dhatuyo vibhajitva bhupalanam adadi / adasi.Itthi yuvatiya bhattam pacapetva darikanam thokam thokam vibhaji.Devatayo sakalam (entire) viharam obhasentiyo Buddham upasavkamimsu.Amma asappurise bhajamane putte samanehi ovadapesi.Munayo silam rakkhanta girimhi guhasu vasimsu.Munihi pariyesitabbam dhammam aham pi ugganhitum icchami.Buddhassa dhatuyo vanditum mayam viharam gamimha.48

利 498. Mayam locanehi rupani passama, sotehi (with ears) saddam (sound)sunama, jivhaya rasam sadiyama (we taste).9.Papakari papani paticchadetva sappuriso viya (like) sabhayam nisinnosetthina saddhim kathesi.10.11.12.13.14.15.Sabbe panino sukham pariyesamana jivanti, kammani karonti.Sappurisa kusalam karonta, manussehi pubbam karenta, sukhino bhavanti.Bhikkhavo Tathagatassa savaka honti.Sace pabhuno atthabbu honti manussa sukhino game viharitum sakkonti.Mattabbu sappurisa dighajivino ca sukhino ca bhaveyyum.Sabbabbu Tathagato dhammena manusse anusasati.15.7. 利見 p.1211.2.3.4.5.6.7.8.9.10. 了裡亮惡樂女了蓮女裡了了了 49

50Pli Primer 六 16.1. declension of agent nouns[1] -u / -ar declension-u and -ar 例 satthu / satthar = teacher (lit., he who admonishes) 老數 s. ( 數 ) p.( 數 )1. nom. sattha sattharo2. acc. sattharam sattharo3. ins. satthara sattharehi, satthuhi4. dat. satthu, satthuno, satthussa sattharanam, satthunam5. abl. satthara sattharehi, satthuhi6. gen. satthu, satthuno, satthussa sattharanam, satthunam7. loc. satthari sattharesu, satthusu8. voc. sattha, sattha sattharo[2] -u -ar kattu bhattu gantu 行 vattu 說 jetu 利 vibbatu datu vinetu nattu sotu netu bhattu nattu agent nouns sattha 16.2. declension of nouns indicating relationships[1] pitu ( father), and bhatu (brother) 不 50

利 51Pitu / pitar = father 數 s. ( 數 ) p.( 數 )1. nom. pita pitaro2. acc. pitaram pitaro3. ins. pitara pitarehi, pituhi4. dat. pitu, pituno pitaranam5. abl. pitara pitarehi, pituhi6. gen. pitussa pitunam7. loc. pitari pitaresu, pitusu8. voc. pita, pita pitaroBhatu / bhatar = brother 數 s. ( 數 ) p.( 數 )1. nom. bhata bhataro2. acc. bhataram bhataro3. ins. bhatara bhatarehi,bhatuhi4. dat. bhatu, bhatuno bhataranam5. abl. bhatara bhatarehi,bhatuhi6. gen. bhatussa bhatunam7. loc. bhatari bhataresu,bhatusu8. voc. bhata, bhata bhataro[2] 女例 Matu / Matar = mother 數 s. ( 數 ) p.( 數 )1. nom. mata mataro2. acc. mataram mataro3. ins. matara, matuya matarehi, matuhi4. dat. matu, matuya, mataya mataranam, matunam, matanam5. abl. matara, matuya matarehi, matuhi6. gen. matu, matuya, mataya mataranam, matunam, matanam7. loc. matari, matuya, matuyam mataresu, matusu8. voc. mata, mata, mate mataro dhitu (daughter 女 ) and duhitu (daughter 女 )51

52Pli Primer 六16.3. 見 p.1221.2.3.4.5.Sattha bhikkhunam dhammam desento rukkhassa chayaya nisinno hoti.Pubbani kattaro bhikkhunam ca tapasanam ca danam denti.Sace sattha dhammam deseyya vibbataro bhavissanti.Bhupati dipasmim jeta bhavatu.Pita dhitaram adaya viharam gantva sattharam vandapesi.6.7.8.9.10.Vibbataro loke manussanam netaro hontu / bhavantu.Sindhum taritva dipam gantaro sattuhi hata honti.Netuno katham sotaro uyyane nisinna suriyena pilita honti.Vinetuno ovadam (advice) sutva bandhavo sappurisa abhavimsu / ahesum.Datarehi dinnani vatthani yacakehi na vikkinitabbani honti.16.4. 利見 p.1241.2.3.4.5. 惡不樂利諸老說了 52

56Pli Primer3.4.5.6.7.8.9.10.11.12.13.14.15.Mayam khiramha dadhim labhama.Bhikkhu dipassa accim olokento aniccasabbam (perception ofimpermanence) vaddhento (developing) nisidi.Papakari luddako dhanum ca sare ca adaya atavim pavittho.Buddham passitva dhammam sotum patthenta nara dhammam caritumvayamanti.Ambumhi jatani padumani na ambuna upalittani (smeared) honti.Balavantehi bhupatihi arayo parajita honti.Mayam cakkhuhi bhanumantassa suriyassa rasmiyo oloketum na sakkoma.Bhikkhavo Bhagavata desitam dhammam sutva satimanta bhavitumvayamimsu.Silavanta dhammam sutva cakkhumanta bhavitum ussahissanti.Gunavato bandhu silavatim pabham pucchi.Bandhuma balava hoti, dhanava bandhuma hoti.Bhanuma suriyo manussanam alokam deti.Pabbavantiya yuvatiya puttho dhanava pabham vyakatum asakkontosabhayam nisidi.17.5. 利見 p.1271.2.3.4.5.6.7.8.9.10. 淚年女裡酪 (vatena) 了 (bhamara / madhukara) 不拉來念塞了 56

58Pli Primer[] 數rel. pron.demon. pron.interr. pron.數 s. ( 數 ) 1. nom. yo = he who so = he, that ko = who2. acc. yam tam kam3. ins. yena tena kena4. dat. yassa tassa kassa, kissa5. abl. yamha, yasma tamha, tasma kasma, kisma6. gen. yassa tassa kassa, kissa7. loc. yamhi, yasmim tamhi, tasmim kamhi,kasmim,kimhi,kismim[] 數數 p.( 數 ) 1. nom. ye = they, who te = they, those ke = who2. acc. ye te ke3. ins. yehi tehi kehi4. dat. yesam (yesanam) tesam (tesanam) kesam (kesanam)5. abl. yehi tehi kehi6. gen. yesam (yesanam) tesam (tesanam) kesam (kesanam)7. loc. yesu tesu kesu[] 數數 s. ( 數 ) 1. nom. yam = that tam = it, that kim = which2. acc. yam tam kim3. ins. yena tena kena4. dat. yassa tassa kassa, kissa5. abl. yamha, yasma tamha, tasma kasma, kisma6. gen. yassa tassa kassa, kissa7. loc. yamhi, yasmim tamhi, tasmim kamhi, kasmim,kimhi, kismim 了 58

62Pli Primer= 18. Kena dhenu ataviya anita?= 林來 19. Kassa bhupatina pasado karapito?= 令 20. Kasma amhehi saccam bhasitabbam ?= 什說什說 21. Asappurisehi palite dipe kuto mayam dhammikam vinetaram labhissama?= 惡領 22. Kehi katam kammam disva tumhe kujjhatha?= 23. Kesam nattaro tuyham ovade thassanti?= 裡 24. Kehi ropitasu latasu pupphani ca phalani ca bhavanti?= 25. Kaya itthiya padesu daddu atthi?= 女 18.6. 見 p.1291.2.3.4.5.Amhakam dhitaro sattharam namassitum Veluvanam gamissanti.Amhehi katani pubbani ca papani ca amhe anubandhanti.Kulavanta ca candala (outcasts) ca amhesu bhikkhusu pabbajanti.Tumhehi ahatani civarani mama mata bhikkhunam pujesi.Dipassa accina aham tava chayam passitum sakkomi.62

利 636.7.8.9.10.11.12.13.14.15.16.17.18.19.20.Aham tava na kujjhami, tvam me kujjhasi.Mayam khiramha dadhi ca dadhimha sappim ca labhama.Dhabbam minanto aham taya saddhim kathetum na sakkomi.Uyyane nisinno aham nattarehi kilantam tavam apassim.Tava duhita bhikkhuno ovade thatva patino karunika sakhi (friend) ahosi.Yasmim padese Buddho viharati tattha gantum aham icchami.Kena ajja (today) navam (new) jivitamaggam na pariyesitabbam.Sace tumhe asappurisa lokam duseyyatha (pollute) kattha puttadhitarehisaddhim tumhe vasatha?Yo dhanava hoti, tena silavata bhavitabbam.Yattha silavanta bhikkhavo vasanti tattha manussa sappurisa honti.Yasu mabjasasu aham suvannam nikkhipim ta cora coresu?Yassa maya yagu pujita so bhikkhu tava putto hoti.Yasma so bhikkhusu pabbaji, tasma sa pi pabbajitum icchati.Yam aham janami tumhe pi tam janatha.Yasam itthinam dhanam so icchati tahi tam labhitum so na sakkoti.18.7. 利見 p.1321.2.3.4.5.6.7.8.9.10. 福不老了裡說了女不裡什不禮諸女了金了了金了 63

64Pli Primer 索利索省略 m = masculine f = feminine 女 n = neuter ;mfn = adj = adjective ; ind = indeclinable particle 不 ;adv = adverb pron = pronoun pref. + aakusala, adj - demerit akkosati (a + kruZ) - scolds akkhi, n - eyeaggi, m - fireavguli, f - finger acci, n - flameaja, m - goat ajja, ind - today atavi, f - forest 林atthi, n - bone atithi, m - guestatthabbu, m - benevolent personatthi (as) - isaddha, ind - indeed, certainly-adhigacchati (adhi + gam)- understands- 了 adhipati, m - chief anicca, adj - impermanentanukampati (anu + kamp)- feels compassionate- 憐 anugacchati (anu + gam) - follows-anubandhati (anu + badh)- follows, chases after-anusasati (anu + Zas) - admonishes-antara, ind - between amacca, m - minister ambu, n - water amma, f - mother arabba, n - forest 林ari, m - enemyasani, f - thunder 雷 asappurisa, m - wicked man 惡 asi, m - sword assa, m - horse assu, n - tear 淚aham, pron - i ahi, m - serpentaakavkhatia + kavku - expects-akaddhatia+ krs- pulls,drags- 拉 akasa, m - skyakhu, m - mouse agacchatia + gam - comes 來64

acariya, m - teacher 老黎adadati (a+ da) - takes aneti (a+ ni) - brings, leads 來 apana, n - shop amanteti (a+ denom. mantra)- addresses amasati (a+ mu) - touches, strokes arabhati (a+ rabh) - starts,commencesaruhati (a+ ruh) - climbs, ascendsaroceti (a+ ruc) - informs 說avahati (a+ vah) - brings forthaloka, m - lightavata, m- pit 洞 asana, n - seatasibcati (a+ sic) - sprinkles aharati (a+ har ) - brings 來ahindati (a+ hind)- roams, wandersiicchati (is / ap)- wishes itthi, fiddhi, fisi, mu- woman 女 - psychic power 神 - sageugganhati (ud + grah) - learns ucchu, m - sugar cane utthahati (ud + stha) - stands upuddeti (ud + di) - flies uttarati (ud + tr) - crosses 來 udaka, n - water udadhi, m - ocean, sea udeti ( ud + i) - rises upama, f- simileupalitta, mfn - smeared upasavkamati (upa + sam+ kram)- approachesupasaka, m - lay devotee 塞uppajjati (ud + pad) - is born uppatati (ud + pad)uyyana, n- flies, jumps up- park uraga, m - reptile 行 ussahati (ud + sah) - tries 力 ussapeti (ud + wri) - hoistoocinati (ava + ci) - collects, picksojavantu, adj - luscious 露 otarati (ava + tR) - gets down,descends (into water) 來 odana, m - rice 飯obhaseti (ava + bhaw) - illuminatesoruhati (ava + ruh) - climbs down 來 oloketi (ava + lok) - looks atovadati (ava + vad) - advises66

ovaraka, m - bed room ovada, nkkakaca, mkabba, f- advice - saw - girl 女 katacchu, m - spoon kaneru, fkattu, mkattha, advkatha, f- cow elephant - doer - where 裡 - speech 論katham, adv - how katheti (kath)- speaks 說 kadali, f - banana, plantain kada, adv- when kadaci, karahaci, adv- som etimes kapi, mkamma, nkari, mkaroti (kr)- monkey - action, deed 行 - elephant- does, commitskavi, m - poet kasati (krs) - ploughs kasma , adv - why 什 kaka, mkaya, m- crow- body kari, adj /m - doer karunika, adj - compassionate kasu, f - pit kinati (kri ) - buys kilabja, f - mat kilati (krid) - plays kukkura, m - dog kucchi, mf- belly kutthi, m - leper kuto, advkutra, adv- whence 裡 kuddala, m -hoe - where 裡 kuddha, pp.kujjhati-angry 怒 kumara, m - boy kumari, f- girl 女 kula, n - caste 良 kulavaka, n -nest kulavantu, adj - man of good familykusala, adjkusuma, nkuhim, advketu, mkhkhagga, mkhanati (khan)khanda, nkhadati (khad)khadaniya, nkhipati (ksip)khippam, adv- merit - flower - where 裡 - flag- sword - digs 刺 - piece - eats - food - throws 亂- soon khira, n - milkkujjhati (krudh) - gets angry 怒khuda , f- hunger khetta, ngGavga, fgacchati (gam)ganhati (grah)gantu, mgaru, m- field- vanges river - goes - takes - one who goes 行 - teacher 老 gahapati, m - householder gama, mgayati (gai)- village - sings67

gavi, fgiri, mgilana, mgita, ngiva, fgunavantu, adjguha, fgeha, ngona, mgh- cow - mountain - sick man - song - neck - virtuous - cave 洞洞 - house, home - ox ghata, n - pot ghara, n - house cca, indcakkhu, n- and - eye candala, m - out caste 羅canda, m - moon 亮carati (car) - wanders, conducts oneself行 cavati (cyu)citta, ncinteti (cit)- departs, dies 離 - mind - thinks civara, n - robe cumbati (cumb) - kisses cora, mcoreti (cur)ch- thief- steals chaddeti (chadd) - throws awaychadeti (chad)chaya, fchindati (chid)- conceals - shade, shadow- cuts 切jjala, n - waterjanu / jannu, n - knee jata, mfn - bornjanati (jba) - knows jaleti (jval) - lights, kindles 亮jinati (ji) - wins 利jivha, f - tongue jivati (jiv) - lives jetu, mbbati, fththapeti (stha)d- victor-a relation, relative - places, keeps dasati (das) - bites, stings 刺 ttandula, ntato, advtattha, advtatra, advtatha, adv- raw rice 粒 - therefore - there 裡- there 裡- thus Tathagata, m - the Buddha 來tada, advtarati (tr)taru, mtaruni, ftasma, adv- then- crosses - tree - young woman - therefore 68

tapasa, m- hermit 行 tava, adv - so far, until titthati (stha) - stays, stands 立留tina, ntira, ntunda, ntela, n- grass - bank - beak 類 - oil tvam, pron - you ththaketi (sthag)thokam, advd- closes, shuts - a littledakkha, adj - clever 力練dadati / deti (da) - gives daddu, fndadhi, n*dassati (drw)dathi, mdatu, mdana, ndaraka, mdarika, fdaru, ndasa, mdighajivi, mdipa, mdipi, m- eczema - curd 酪- sees - tusker- giver- alms- child- girl 女 - firewood- servant 隸- one with long life- island / lamp - leopard dukkham, adv - suffering dubbala, adjdussa, nduhati (duh)- weak - cloth - milks duhitu, f - daughter 女 duta, m - messenger duseti (duS) - spoils, pollutes 弄 deva, m- deity devata, fdevi, fdeseti (diw)doni, fdvara, ndhdhabba, ndhana, ndhanu, n- deity - queen - points out, instructs,preaches - boat - door - corn - wealth - bow dhamma, m - doctrine dhatu, f - relics, elements 利 dhavati (dhav) - runs dhitu, fdhivara, mdhenu, fdhovati (dhov)nna, indnagara, nnaccati (nRt)- daughter 女 - fisherman- cow - washes - not 不 - city, town 都 - dances nadi, f - rivernamassati (denom. namas)- worships, salutes 禮 nayana, nnara, mnaraka, n- eye - man - purgatory 奈洛nava, adj - newnahayati (sna)- bathes nana, ind - various 不 nari, f - woman 女 nali, f - a unit of measure 量 nava, f- ship69

navika, m - sailor naseti (naw) - destroys nikkhamati (nis + kram)- leaves, renounces離 nikkhipati (ni + ksip)- throws way, puts down nimanteti (ni + denom. mantra)- invites nidhi, m - treasureniliyati (ni+ li) - hidesnivareti (ni + vr) - prevents nivasa, m - house nisidati (ni + sad) - sits niharati (ni + hr) - takes outneti (ni) - leads 領 netu, m - leader ppakka, adj - ripe pakkosati (pra + kruw)- calls, summonspakkhipati (pra + ksip)- puts, places, depositspakkhi, m - bird pacati (pac) - cooks pajahati (ha) - rejects, abandonspabjara, mn - cage 籠 pabba, fpabha, m- wisdom 若- question paticchadeti (prati + chad)- conceals, hidespatiyadeti (prati + yat) - preparespandita, m- sage, wise man panna, n - leaf 葉 patati (pat) - falls 落 pati, mpatta, m- husband - bowl patthana, f - hope, expectationpattharati (pra + str) - spread pattheti (pra + arth) - wishes, aspirespaduma, n- lotus 蓮 padesa, m - locality pappoti (see papunatti ) - attainspabbajati (pra + vraj)- goes forth, gets ordainedrenounces the world,pabbata, m - mountainpabhate, n- early morning pabhu, m - eminent personparajeti (para+ ji) - defeats 北 pariyesati (pari + is)- explores, searchespavattu, m - reciter 說說 parivajjeti (pari + vrj) - avoidsparivareti (pari + vr) - accompanies70

parisa, f - retinue palobheti (pra + lubh) - temptspavattu, m - reciter 說說 pavatteti (pra + vrt) - sets in motionpavisati (pra + viw) - enters pasidati (pra + sad) - is pleasedpasu, m - animal passati (spaw) - sees paharati (pra + hr) - hits, strikespahinati (pra + hi)- dispatchespahuta, adj - much 不數 pajeti (pra + aj) - drives pani, m - palm, hand pani, m - living being pateti (pat) - fells 落 pada, mpaniya, npapa, n- foot - drinking water 料- evil 惡 papakari, m - evil-doer 惡 papunati (pra + ap) - attainspaleti (pal) - rules, governspasana, mpasada, mpi, indpitaka, mpitu, mpipasa, f - thirst- stone - mansion 樓 - too, also - basket - fatherpipasita, mfn - thirsty piyayati (denom. piya) - is dearpivati (pa)- drinks pileti (pid)- oppressespucchati (prcch) - questions pubba, n - merit 福 putta, m- son puttadara, m - children and wife puna, ind - again 復puppha, npupphasana, n- flower - flower altar pubbaka, mfn - ancient 老 purisa, m- manpujeti (puj) - honours, worships 禮 pureti (pr)peseti (pa + is)pokkharani, f- fills - sends - pond 蓮 potthaka, n - book poseti (pus) - nourishes, looks afterphpharasu, m- axe phala, n - fruit phusati (sprw) - touches bbandhati (badh) - binds, ties bandhu, m - relativebalavantu, mfn - powerful 力力 bali, mbahu, adjbija, nBuddha, mbuddhi, fbrahmana, m- powerful one 力 - many- seed - the Buddha - intelligence - brahmin 羅 brahmani, f - brahmin woman 女羅 71

hbhagini, f- sisterBhagava, m - the Buddha bhanda, n - goods bhajati (bhaj) - keeps companybhabjati (bhabj) - breaks bhatta, mn - rice 飯bhattu, m - husband bhariya f - wife bhavati (bhu) - becomes bhatu, mbhanuma, mbhayati (bhi)bhasati (bhaw)- brother - sun - fears - speaks 說bhikkhu, m - monk bhindati (bhid) - breaks bhubjati (bhuj) - eats, enjoys, partakes of bhupati, m- king bhupala, m - king bhumi, fbhojana, n- ground - food, meal bhojaniya, n - soft food mmakkata, mmagga, mmaccha, mmabca, mmabjusa, fmani, m- monkey - road 路 - fish- bed - box - gemmattabbu, m - moderate, abstemious one 量 madhu, nmadhukara, m- honey - bee manussa, m - man 類manta, n - magic spell manti, m - minister manteti (denom. mantra)- discusses, takes counsel 量量論ma, indmatu, f- do not 不 - mothermatula, m - uncle mapeti (ma) - creates, builds 量mara, m - the evil one 神羅mareti (mr) - kills 殺mala, f- garland miga, m - deer 鹿mitta, mn - friend minati (ma) - measures 量mukha, nmubcati (muc)mutthi, mmuni, mmula, nmodaka, nmodati (mud)yyatthi, fyato, advyattha, advyatra, advyatha advyada, advyadi, ind- face, mouth - releases, frees度 - fist - sage - money - sweetmeat 糖 - takes delight -walking stick - since - where 裡 - where 裡- in which manner - if - when yasavantu, mfn - famousyasma, adv- because 72

yagu, f- gruel yacaka, m - beggar yacati (yac) - begs yava, advyuvati, fr- how far - young woman 女rakkhati (rakS) - protects, observesrajaka, mrajju, fratti, fratha, mravi, mrasa, nramsi, frajini, frasi, mrukkha, mrukkhamula, n- washerman - rope 索- night - vehicle, chariot車車車- sun - taste - ray - queen - heap - tree - foot of treerupa, n - form, object rodati (rud) - cries, weeps 流淚ropeti (rup) - plants llata, f - creeper labhati (labh) - gets, receiveslabha, m - gain, profit 利益利likhati (likh) - writes luddaka, m - hunter 獵 loka, mlocana, n- world - eye vvaddhaki, m - carpenter vaddheti (vrdh) - developes, increasesvannavantu, mfnvattu, mvattha, nvatthu, nvadabbu, mvadhu, f- colourful- speaker 說 - cloth- estate 理 - generous one 切 - wife/daughter-in-law vana, n - forest 林vandati (vand) - worships 禮 vapati (vap) - sowsvammika, mnvaraha, mvasati (vas)vasu, nva, indvaceti (vac)vanija, mvata, mvanara, m- pig 猪- anthill - dwells - wealth- or- teaches - merchant - wind - monkey vapi, f - tankvayamati (vi + a+ yam) - exerts, tries 力 vari, n- river valuka, f - sand vikirati - scatter 落 vikkinati (vi + kri) - sells vigarahati (vi +garh) - scolds vijju, f - lightning 雷 vijjhati (vyadh) - shoots 73

vibbatu, mvibbu, mvidu, m- knowledgeable man - wise man - wise man vinetu, m - disciplinarianvindati (vid) - feels, experiencesvippakirati (vi + pra + kir) 亂 vibhajati (vi + bhaj) - distributesviya, ind - like, similar 類 vivarati (vi + vr) - opens vissajjeti (vi + srj) - spends 度 - scattersviharati (vi + hr) - dwells 留vihara, m - monastery vihimsati (vi + hims) - hurts, harmsvihetheti (vi + hid) - harassesvisativihi, mvega, adj- twenty - paddy - speed vetana, n - wage, pay vetheti (vest) - wraps velu, m - bamboo vyakaroti (vi + a+ kr)- explains 說vyadhi, ms- sickness 不 samharati (sam+ hr) - collects sakata, msakala, adj- cart 車- entiresakuna, m- birdsakkoti (wak)- is able, can sakhi, fsagga, msace, indsacca, nsabba, fsattu, msatthi, nsatthu, msadda, m- female friend 女 - heaven - if - truth 理 - perception - enemy - thigh - teacher 老 - sound saddha, f - faithsaddhim ,ind - with sannipatati, (sam+ ni + pat)- assembles,-gathers together sappa, msappi, n- serpent - ghee sappurisa, m - good man sabba, mfn- all 切 sababbu, m - all knowing one 切 sabha, f- assembly samana, m - monk samassaseti (sam+ a+ wvas)- consoles, comfortssamijjhati (sam+ rdh) - fulfils, succeedssamudda, m - sea, ocean sammajjati (sam+ mrj) - sweeps sammajjani f - broom sammisseti (sam+ denom. misra)- mixes samma, ind - well, right sayati (wi) - sleeps sara, m `- arrow 刺 sallapati (sam+ lap) - conversessassu, fsaha, ind- mother-in-law - with 74

1.6 利數 1. 11 Bhupalo bhubjati Bhupala bhubjati(pr.3,s.) (m.s.nom.) 12 (pr.3,s.) 13 2. Brahmana bhasanti. 羅說Brahmana bhasati(m.p.nom.) (pr.3,p.)3. 羅說 dhammam bhasati Tathagato dhammam bhasati. 來說tathagata dhamma bhasati(m.s.nom.) (m.s.acc.) (pr.3,s.) 來說 4. Kassaka avate khananti. 洞 kassaka avata khanati(m.p.nom.) (m.p.acc.) (pr.3,p.) 洞 dipam dhavati 行 5.Puriso puttena saha dipam dhavati. Purisa putta saha dipa dhavati(m.s.nom.) (m.s.ins.) (prep.) (m.s.acc.) (pr.3,s.) 11 列列句省略 12 m.s.nom.= 列數 Bhupalo 句數 13 pr.3,s. .= 列數 bhasanti 句數省略參略 76

6. Buddho savakehi saddhim viharam gacchati. Buddha savaka saddhim vihara gacchati.(m.s.nom.) (m.p.ins.) (prep.) (m.s.acc.) (pr.3,s.) 7. Kassako sarena sigalam vijjhati. 狼 Kassaka sara sigala vijjhati.(m.s.nom.) (m.s.ins.) (m.s.acc.) (pr.3,s.) 狼 8. Putta padehi kukkure paharanti. putta pada kukkura paharati.(m.p.nom.) (m.p.ins.) (m.p.acc.) (pr.3,p.) 9. Matulo puttehi saddhim rathena gamam agacchati. 車來 matula putta saddhim ratha gama agacchati(m.s.nom.) (m.p.ins.) (prep.) (m.s.ins.) (m.s.acc.) (pr.3,s.) 車來 acc.10. Kassakassa daraka matulanam rathehi pabbatam gacchanti. 車 kassaka daraka matula ratha pabbata gacchati.(m.s.gen.) (m.p.nom.) (m.p.gen.) (m.p.ins.) (m.s.acc.) (pr.3,p.) 車 dat. acc.11. Vanijo rajakassa satakam dadati. Vanija rajaka sataka dadati.(m.s.nom.) (m.s.dat.) (m.s.acc.) (pr.3,s.) 12. Brahmano savakanam mabce aharati. 羅來Brahmana savaka mabca aharati(m.s.nom.) (m.p.dat.) (m.p.acc.) (pr.3,s.) 羅來 77

13. Dhivaro manussanam macche aharati, labham labhati. 來利益 dhivara manussa maccha aharati labham labhati(m.s.nom.) (m.p.dat.) (m.p.acc.) (pr.3,s.) (m.s.acc.) (pr.3,s.)14. 來利益 dadanti odanam tapasanam 來裡 Mittanam matula tapasanam odanam dadanti. 行飯 nitta matula tapasa odana dadati(m.p.gen.) (m.p.nom.) (m.p.dat.) (m.s.acc.) (pr.3,p.) 行飯 15. Cora gamamha pabbatam dhavanti. 落 cora gama pabbata dhavati(m.p.nom.) (m.s.abl.) (m.s.acc.) (pr.3,p.) 落 16. Manussa Buddhehi dhammam labhanti. 諸 manussa Buddha dhamma labhati(m.p.nom.) (m.p.abl.) (m.s.acc.) (pr.3,p.) 諸 17. Kassakassa putto vejjassa sahayena saddhim agacchati. 來kassaka putta vejjassa sahaya saddhim agacchati(m.s.gen.) (m.s.nom.) (m.s.gen.) (m.s.ins.) (prep.) (pr.3,s.) 來 18. Vanijanam assa kassakassa gamam dhavanti. vanija assa kassaka gama dhavati(m.p.gen.) (m.p.nom.) (m.s.gen.) (m.s.acc.) (pr.3,p.) 19. Brahmano sahayakena saddhim rathamhi nisidati. 羅車 brahmano sahayaka saddhim ratha nisidati(m.s.nom.) (m.s.ins.) (prep.) (m.s.loc.) (pr.3,s.) 羅車裡 78

20. Kassakanam gona game ahindanti. 落 kassaka gona gama ahindati(m.p.gen.) (m.p.nom.) (m.s.loc.) (pr.3,p.) 落 21. Buddho dhammam bhasati, sappurisa Buddhamhi pasidanti. 說 Buddha dhamma bhasati sappurisa Buddha pasidati(m.s.nom.) (m.s.acc.) (pr.3,p.) (m.p.nom.) (m.p.loc.) (pr.3,p.) 說 22. Deva Buddhassa savakesu pasidanti. deva Buddha savaka pasidati(m.p.nom.) (m.s.gen.) (m.p.loc.) (pr.3,p.) 23. Matulamatula(m.s.voc.) 24. Buddha諸 Buddha(m.p.voc.) 諸 1.7 利 1. 來利 14 Buddho 來 agacchati (m.s.nom.) (pr.3,s.) Buddho agacchati.2. Kumara bhubjanti(m.p.nom.) (pr.3,p.) Kumara bhubjanti.14 裡利句利來列利利 79

3. Manussa/ Purisa/ bara gacchanti viharam(m.p.nom.) (pr.3,p.) (m.s.acc.) Manussa/ Purisa/ bara viharam gacchanti.4. Bhupala rakkhanti manusse(m.p.nom.) (pr.3,p.) (m.p.acc.) Bhupala manusse rakkhanti.5. Samano saddhim mittena/ sahayena passati Buddham(m.s.nom.)(prep.) (m.s.ins.) (pr.3,s.) (m.s.acc.) samano mittena/ sahayena saddhim Buddham passati.6. Asso saddhim sonehi dhavati pabbatam(m.s.nom.) (prep.) (m.p.ins.) (pr.3,s.) (m.s.acc.) Asso sonehi saddhim pabbatam dhavati.7. Kumaro pasanena paharati dipam(m.s.nom.) (m.s.ins.) (pr.3,s.) (m.s.acc.) Kumaro pasanena dipam paharati.8. 鹿鹿Vanija sarehi vijjhanti mige(m.p.nom.) (m.p.ins.) (pr.3,p.) (m.p.acc.) Vanija sarehi mige vijjhanti.9. 車車 Kumara matulena saddhim rathena gacchanti viharam(m.p.nom.) (m.s.ins.) (prep.) (m.s.ins.) (pr.3,p.) (m.s.acc.) Kumara matulena saddhim rathena viharam gacchanti.10. 車車 Kassakassa daraka matulanam rathehi gacchanti pabbatam(m.s.gen.) (m.p.nom.) (m.p.gen.) (m.p.ins.) (pr.3,p.) (m.s.acc.) Kassakassa daraka matulanam rathehi pabbatam gacchanti.80

11. 來飯來飯Kumaro samanaya pattena aharati odanam/ bhattam(m.s.nom.) (m.s.dat.) (m.s.ins.) (pr.3,s.) (m.s.acc.) Kumaro pattena samanaya odanam/ bhattam aharati.12. 來來 Vanija amaccanam aharanti asse(m.p.nom.) (m.p.dat.) (pr.3,p.) (m.p.acc.) Vanija amaccanam asse aharanti.13. 塞來塞來 Vanija upasakehi saddhim dipasma agacchanti viharam(m.p.nom.) (m.p.ins.) (prep.) (m.s.abl.) (pr.3,p.) (m.s.acc.) Vanija upasakehi saddhim dipasma viharam agacchanti.14. 塞塞 Upasaka panditasma/ panditamha pucchanti pabhe(m.p.nom.) (m.s.abl.) (pr.3,p.) (m.p.acc.) upasaka panditasma/ panditamha pabhe pucchanti.15. 羅羅 Brahmanssa putta amaccassa puttena saha nahayanti(m.s.gen.) (m.p.nom.) (m.s.gen.) (m.s.ins.) (prep.) (pr.3,p.) Brahmanssa putta amaccassa puttena saha nahayanti.16. 獵殺猪獵殺猪Luddako amaccassa sahayanam/ mittanam sarena hanati sukaram(m.s.nom.) (m.s.gen.) (m.p.dat.) (m.s.ins.) (pr.3,s.) (m.s.acc.) ¬uddako amaccassa sahayanam/ mittanam sarena sukaram hanati.17. Siho pabbatasmim pasane titthati(m.s.nom.) (m.s.loc.) (m.s.loc.) (pr.3,s.) siho pabbatasmim pasane titthati.18. Deva Buddhassa savakesu pasidanti(m.p.nom.) (m.s.gen.) (m.p.loc.) (pr.3,p.) deva Buddhassa savakesu pasidanti.81

2.3 1. Upasako viharam gantva samananam danam dadati. 塞諸 upasaka vihara gantva samana dana dadati.(m.s.nom.) (m.s.acc.) (ger.) (m.p.dat.) (n.s.acc.) (pr.3,s.) 塞諸 2. Savako asanamhi nisiditva pade dhovati. savaka asana nisiditva pada dhovati(m.s.nom.) (n.s.loc.) (ger.) (m.p.acc.) (pr.3,s.) 3. Daraka pupphani samharitva matulassa datva hasanti. daraka puppha samharitva matula datva hasati(m.p.nom.) (n.p.acc.) (ger.) (m.s.dat.) (ger.) (pr.3,p.) 了 4. Yacaka uyyanamha agamma kassakasma odanam yacanti. 來飯 yacaka uyyana agamma kassaka odana yacati(m.p.nom.) (n.s.abl.) (ger.) (m.s.abl.) (m.s.acc.) (pr.3,p.) 來飯 5. Luddako hatthena sare adaya arabbam pavisati.獵林 luddaka hattha sara adaya arabba pavisati(m.s.nom.) (m.s.ins.) (m.p.acc.) (ger.) (n.s.acc.) (pr.3,s.) 獵林 6. Kumara kukkurena saddhim kilitva samuddam gantva nahayanti. kumara kukkura saddhim kilitva samudda gantva nahayati(m.p.nom.) (m.s.ins.) (prep.) (ger.) (m.s.acc.) (ger.) (pr.3,p.) 7. Vanijo pasanasmim thatva kuddalena sappam paharati. vanija pasana thatva kuddala sappa paharati(m.s.nom.) (m.s.loc.) (ger.) (m.s.ins.) (m.s.acc.) (pr.3,s.) 82

8. Samana bhupalassa uyyane sannipatitva dhammam bhasanti. 說samana bhupala uyyana sannipatitva dhamma bhasati(m.p.nom.) (m.s.gen.) (n.s.loc.) (ger.) (m.s.acc.) (pr.3,p.) 裡說 9. Putto nahatva bhattam bhutva mabcam aruyha sayati. 飯 putta nahatva bhatta bhutva mabca aruyha sayati(m.s.nom.) (ger.) (m.s.acc.) (ger.) (m.s.acc.) (ger.) (pr.3,s.) 了了飯 10. Darako khiram pivitva gehamha nikkhamma 15 hasati. 離 daraka khira pivitva geha nikkhamma hasati(m.s.nom.) (n.s.acc.) (ger.) (m.s.abl.) (ger.) (pr.3,s.) 了離 11. Kumara vanamhi mittehi saha kilitva bhattam bhubjitum 林飯 kumara vana mitta saha kilitva bhattam bhubjitum(m.p.nom.) (n.s.loc.) (m.p.ins.) (prep.) (ger.) (m.s.acc.) (inf.)gehamgeha(m.s.acc.)dhavanti.dhavanti(pr.3,p.) 林裡飯 12. Miga tinam khaditva udakam patum pabbatamha uyyanam agacchanti.鹿 miga tina khaditva udaka patum pabbata uyyana agacchati(m.p.nom.)(n.s.acc.) (ger.) (n.s.acc.) (inf.) (m.s.abl.) (n.s.acc.) (pr.3,p.) 鹿 13. Vanijassa putto bhandani aharitum rathena nagaram gacchati. 來車 Vanija putta bhanda aharitum ratha nagara gacchati(m.s.gen.) (m.s.nom.) (n.p.acc.) (inf.) (m.s.ins.) (n.s.acc.) (pr.3,s.) 了來車 15 nikkhamma< nikkhamati 離 gehamha 83

14. Yacako matulassa kuddalena avatam khanitum icchati 16 . 洞 yacaka matula kuddala avata khanitum icchati.(m.s.nom.) (m.s.gen.) (m.s.ins.) (m.s.acc.) (inf.) (pr.3,s.) 洞 15. Upasaka samananam danam datum viharam pavisanti. 塞諸 upasaka samana dana datum viharam pavisati(m.p.nom.) (m.p.dat.) (n.s.acc.) (inf.) (m.s.acc.) (pr.3,p.) 塞諸塞了諸 16. Tathagatam passitva vanditum upasako viharam pavisati. 來禮塞 Tathagata passitva vanditum upasaka vihara pavisati(m.s.acc.) (ger.) (inf.) (m.s.nom.) (m.s.acc.) (pr.3,s.) 塞了來禮 17. Pandito sugatassa savakehi saddhim bhasitum icchati. 說 Pandita sugata savaka saddhim bhasitum icchati(m.s.nom.) (m.s.gen.) (m.p.ins.) (prep.) (inf.) (pr.3,s.) 說 18. Rathena nagaram gantum puriso gehasma nikkhamati.車離 ratha nagara gantum purisa geha nikkhamati(m.s.ins.) (n.s.acc.) (inf.) (m.s.nom.) (m.s.abl.) (pr.3,s.) 離車了車離 migam vt.hantum 19. iho pabbatamhi sayitva utthaya migam hantum oruhati. 來鹿殺來siha pabbata sayitva utthaya miga hantum oruhati(m.s.nom.) (m.s.loc.) (ger.) (ger.) (m.s.acc.) (inf.) (pr.3,s.) 了來了殺鹿來 20. Samuddam taritva dipam gantva vatthani aharitum vanija icchanti. 來 samudda taritva dipa gantva vattha aharitum vanija icchati(m.s.acc.) (ger.) (m.s.acc.) (ger.) (n.p.acc.) (inf.) (m.p.nom.) (pr.3,p.) 了來 16 icchati 不 (inf.)84

2.4 利 1. 離離 Kassko geha/ gehamha/ gehasma nikkhamitva / nikkhamma pavisati khettam(m.s.nom.) (m.s.abl.) (ger.) (pr.3,s.) (n.s.acc.) Kassko geha/ gehamha/ gehasma nikkhamitva / nikkhamma khettampavisati.2. 說 (deseti) 說 Buddho desitva/ desetva dhammam pavisati viharam(m.s.nom.) (ger.) (m.s.acc.) (pr.3,s.) (m.s.acc.) Buddho dhammam desitva/ desetva viharam pavisati.3. Bhupalo Buddhe/ Buddhamhi/ Buddhasmim pasiditva pasadam pajahitva gacchati viharam(m.s.nom.) (m.s.loc.) (ger.) (m.s.acc.) (ger.) (pr.3,s.)(m.s.acc.) Bhupalo Buddhe/ Buddhamhi/ Buddhasmim pasiditva pasadampajahitva viharam gacchati.4. 老都老都 Acariyo nagaramha/ nagarasma bhandani adaya / adatva agacchati geham(m.s.nom.) (n.s.abl.) (n.p.acc.) (ger.) (pr.3,s.) (n.s.acc.) acariyo nagaramha/ nagarasma bhandani adaya / adatva gehamagacchati.5. Puriso geham pahaya pavisati viharam(m.s.nom.) (n.s.acc.) (ger.) (pr.3,s.) (m.s.acc.) Puriso geham pahaya viharam pavisati.6. 塞了塞了 Upasako samanamha pabham pucchitva nisidati asanamhi(m.s.nom.) (m.s.abl.) (m.s.acc.) (ger.) (pr.3,s.) (n.s.loc.) Upasako samanamha pabham pucchitva asanamhi nisidati.7. 惡惡 Buddhassa savaka asappurise disva anusasanti/ ovadanti(m.s.gen.) (m.p.nom.) (m.p.acc.) (ger.) (pr.3,p.) Buddhassa savaka asappurise disva anusasanti/ ovadanti.85

8. 行林來行林來 Tapaso arabbamha/ arabbasma agantva / agamma sappurisamha labhati vattham(m.s.nom.) (n.s.abl.) (ger.) (m.s.abl.) (pr.3,s.) (n.s.acc.) Tapaso arabbamha/ arabbasma agantva / agamma sappurisamhavattham labhati.9. 諸了來諸來 Samana kassakanam putte ovaditva asanehi utthaya gacchanti viharam(m.p.nom.) (m.p.gen.) (m.p.acc.) (ger.) (n.p.abl.) (ger.) (pr.3,p.) (m.s.acc.) samana kassakanam putte ovaditva asanehi utthahitva / utthayaviharam gacchanti.10. 了來了來Kassako vatthani dhovitva nahayitva / nahatva udakamha/ udakasma uttarati(m.s.nom.) (n.p.acc.) (ger.) (ger.) (n.s.abl.) (pr.3,s.) Kassako vatthani dhovitva nahayitva / nahatva udakamha/ udakasmauttarati.11. 葉了裡葉了裡 Aja pannani khaditva udakam pivitum uyyane ahindanti(m.p.nom.) (n.p.acc.) (ger.) (n.s.acc.) (inf.) (n.s.loc.) (pr.3,p.) Aja pannani khaditva udakam pivitum uyyane ahindanti.12. 塞塞 Upasako icchati anusasitum / ovaditum agantum geham putte(m.s.nom.) (pr.3,s.) (inf.) (inf.) (m.s.acc.) (m.p.acc.) Upasako geham agantum putte anusasitum / ovaditum icchati.13. 說說Devo/ suro gantva viharam Buddhena saddhim icchati bhasitum(m.s.nom.) (ger.) (m.s.acc.) (m.s.ins.) (prep.) (pr.3,s.) (inf.) devo/ suro viharam gantva Buddhena saddhim bhasitum icchati.14. 諸諸 Sappuriso rakkhitum silani icchati datum danam(m.s.nom.) (inf.) (n.p.acc.) (pr.3,s.) (inf.) (n.s.acc.) sappuriso silani rakkhitum danam datum icchati./ sappuriso silani rakkhitva danam datum icchati.(ger.)86

15. 狼了離林狼了離林Sigala pavisitum kassakanam khette nikkhamanti arabba(m.p.nom.) (inf.) (m.p.gen.) (n.p.acc.) (pr.3,p.) (n.s.abl.) sigala kassakanam khette pavisitum arabba nikkhamanti.16. 了洞了洞 Kassako khanitum khette avate vanijamha/ vanijasma yacati kuddalam(m.s.nom.) (inf.) (n.s.loc.) (m.s.acc.) (m.s.abl.) (pr.3,s.) (m.s.acc.) Kassako khette avate khanitum vanijamha/ vanijasma kuddalam yacati.17. 塞了禮裡塞了禮裡Upasaka vanditum Buddham sannipatanti viharasmim(m.p.nom.) (inf.) (m.s.acc.) (pr.3,p.) (m.s.loc.) Upasaka Buddham vanditum viharasmim sannipatanti.18. 了林裡了林裡Kassako chinditum tinani gonanam ahindati arabbe(m.s.nom.) (inf.) (n.p.acc.) (m.p.dat.) (pr.3,s.) (n.s.loc.) Kassako gonanam tinani chinditum arabbe ahindati. 3.4 rodanto 來 darako 狀 . 數 1. Paniyam yacitva rodanto darako mabcamha patati. 料 paniya yacitva rodanta daraka mabca patati(n.s.acc.) (ger.) (ppr.m.s.nom.) (m.s.nom.) (m.s.abl.) (pr.3,s.) 料句句來句 vanijo 狀 . 2. Vatthani labhitum icchanto vanijo apanam gacchati. vattha labhitum icchanta vanija apana gacchati(n.p.acc.) (inf.) (ppr.m.s.nom.) (m.s.nom.) (n.s.acc.) (pr.3,s.) 87

3. Upasako padumani adaya viharam gacchamano 塞蓮 upasaka paduma adaya vihara gacchamana(m.s.nom.) (n.p.acc.) (ger.) (m.s.acc.) (ppr.m.s.nom.)Buddham disva pasidati. Buddha disva pasidati(m.s.acc.) (ger.) (pr.3,s.) 塞了蓮 4. Sakuno tundena phalam haranto rukkhasma uppatati. sakuna tunda phala haranta rukkha uppatati(m.s.nom.) (n.s.ins.) (n.s.acc.) (ppr.m.s.nom.) (m.s.abl.) (pr.3,s.) [2] 句來 [1]dadati civaram ; samanassa 狀 . samanassa 5. Civaram pariyesantassa samanassa acariyo civaram dadati. 老 civara pariyesanta samana acariya civara dadati(n.s.acc.) (ppr.m.s.dat.) (m.s.dat.) (m.s.nom.) (n.s.acc.) (pr.3,s.) 老 6. Arabbe ahindanto luddako dhavantam migam passitva 林獵鹿 arabba ahindanta luddaka dhavanta migam passitva(n.s.loc.) (ppr.m.s.nom.) (m.s.nom.) (ppr.m.s.acc.) (m.s.acc.) (ger.)sarenasara(m.s.ins.)vijjhati.vijjhati.(pr.3,s.) 林裡獵鹿 7. Uyyane ahindamanamha kumaramha brahmano padumani yacati. 羅蓮 uyyana ahindamana kumara brahmana paduma yacati(n.s.loc.) (ppr.m.s.abl.) (m.s.abl.) (m.s.nom.) (n.p.acc.) (pr.3,s.) 羅裡蓮 88

8. Rathena gacchamanehi amaccehi saha acariyo hasati.車老 ratha gacchama amacca saha acariya hasati(m.s.ins.) (ppr.m.p.ins.) (m.p.ins.) (prep.) (m.s.nom.) (pr.3,s.) 老車 9. Dhabbam akavkhantassa purisassa dhanam datum vanijo icchati. dhabba akavkhanta purisa dhana datum vanija icchati(n.s.acc.) (ppr.m.s.dat.) (m.s.dat.) (n.s.acc.) (inf.) (m.s.nom.) (pr.3,s.) 10. 句來 asappurisa 狀 . Gone hananta rukkhe chindanta asappurisa 殺惡 gona hananta rukkha chindanta asappurisa(m.p.acc.) (ppr.m.p.nom.) (m.p.acc.) (ppr.m.p.nom.) (m.s.nom.)dhanam samharitum ussahanti. 力dhana samharitum ussahati(n.s.acc.) (inf.) (pr.3,p.) 殺惡力 11. Samanehi bhasanta upasaka saccam adhigantum ussahanti. 說塞理了 samana bhasanta upasaka sacca adhigantum ussahati(m.p.ins.) (ppr.m.p.nom.) (m.p.nom.) (n.s.acc.) (inf.) (pr.3,p.) 諸說塞了理 12. Rukkhamule nisiditva civaram sibbantena samanena saddhim rukkhamula nisiditva civara sibbanta samana saddhim(n.s.loc.) (ger.) (n.s.acc.) (ppr.m.s.ins.) (m.s.ins.) (prep.)upasako 塞upasaka(m.s.nom.)bhasati.說bhasati(pr.3,s.) 塞說 89

3.5 利 1. 路說路說Dhovanto Vatthani puriso gacchantena magge kumarena saha/ saddhim bhasati(m.s.nom.) (n.p.acc.) (m.s.nom.) (m.s.ins.) (m.s.loc.) (m.s.ins.) (prep.) (pr.3,s.) Vatthani dhovanto puriso magge gacchantena kumarena saha/ saddhimbhasati.2. 羅了林離鹿羅了林離鹿Brahmano passati patum/ pivitum udakam arabba nikkhamantam migam(m.s.nom.) (pr.3,s.) (inf.) (n.s.acc.) (n.s.abl.) (m.s.acc.) (m.s.acc.) Brahmano udakam patum/ pivitum arabba/ arabbamha nikkhamantam/agacchantam migam passati.3. 裡落葉裡落葉 Aja uyyane khadanti rukkhehi patantani pannani(m.p.nom.) (n.s.loc.) (pr.3,p.) (m.p.abl.) (n.p.acc.) (n.p.acc.) Aja uyyane rukkhehi patantani pannani khadanti.4. 惡殺鹿獵惡殺鹿獵 Asappurisa icchanti passitum hanante mige luddake(m.p.nom.) (pr.3,s.) (inf.) (m.p.acc.) (m.p.acc.) (m.p.acc.) Asappurisa mige hanante luddake passitum icchanti.5. Kassako passati khadante khette/ khettamhi bijani sakune(m.s.nom.) (pr.3,s.) (m.p.acc.) (n.s.loc.) (n.p.acc.) (m.p.acc.) Kassako khette/ khettamhi bijani khadante sakune passati.6. 禮裡禮裡 pavisanta nagaram samana icchanti vanditum vasantam vihare Buddham(m.p.nom.)(n.s.acc.) (m.p.nom.) (pr.3,p.) (inf.) (m.s.acc.) (m.s.loc.) (m.s.acc.) Nagaram pavisanta samana vihare/ viharasmim vasantam Buddhamvanditum icchanti.90

7. 樓樓 titthanto sopane darako passati nisidante rukkhe makkatte/ vanare(m.s.nom.)(m.s.loc.) (m.s.nom.) (pr.3,s.) (m.p.acc.) (m.s.loc.) (m.p.acc.) Sopane titthantodarako rukkhe nisidante makkatte/ vanare passati.8. 裡飯裡飯Kumara dadanti udake carantanam macchanam bhattam/ odanam(m.p.nom.) (pr.3,p.) (n.s.loc.) (m.p.dat.) (m.p.dat.) (m.s.acc.) Kumara udake carantanammacchanam bhattam/ odanam dadanti.9. 福諸諸諸福諸諸諸 akavkhamana pubbam sappurisa dadanti danani samananam rakkhanti silani(m.p.nom.) (n.s.acc.) (m.p.nom.)(pr.3,p.) (n.p.acc.) (m.p.dat.) (pr.3,p.) (m.p.acc.) Pubbam akavkhamana sappurisa samananam danani dadanti,silanirakkhanti.10. 林裡落葉林裡落葉 Puriso ahindati arabbe/ vane rukkhehi patantesu pannesu(m.s.nom.) (pr.3,s.) (n.s.loc.) (m.p.abl.) (n.p.loc.) (n.p.loc.) Puriso arabbe/ vane rukkhehi patantesu pannesu ahindati.11. sunako ussahati dasitum phusantassa/ paharantassa kayam narassa / purisassa hattham(m.s.nom.)(pr.3,s.) (inf.) (m.s.gen.) (m.s.acc.) (m.s.gen.) (m.s.acc.) Sunako kayam phusantassa/ paharantassahattham dasitum ussahati.narassa / purisassa12. 諸了理諸了理rakkhanta silani pandita arabhanti adhigantum saccam(m.p.nom.) (n.p.acc.) (m.p.nom.) (pr.3,p.) (inf.) (n.s.acc.) Silani rakkhanta pandita saccam adhigantum arabhanti.91

4.8 1. Tvam mittehi saddhim rathena apanamha bhandani aharasi. 車來tumha mitta saddhim ratha apana bhanda aharati(s.nom.) (m.p.ins.) (prep.) (m.s.ins.) (n.s.abl.) (n.p.acc.) (pr.2,s.) 車來 2. Aham udakamha padumani aharitva vanijassa dadami. 蓮來 aham udaka paduma aharitva vanijassa dadati(s.nom.) (n.s.abl.) (n.p.acc.) (ger.) (m.s.dat.) (pr.1,s.) 來蓮 civarani vt.pariyesatha 3. Tumhe samananam datum civarani pariyesatha. 諸 tumha samana datum civara pariyesati(p.nom.) (m.p.dat.) (inf.) (n.p.acc.) (pr.2,p.) 了諸諸 4. Mayam sagge uppajjitum akavkhamana silani rakkhama. 諸 aham sagga uppajjitum akavkhamana sila rakkhati(m.p.nom. ) (n.s.loc.) (inf.) (ppr.m.p.nom.) (n.s.acc.) (pr.1,p.) 諸 5. Te dhammam adhigantum ussahantanam samananam danam dadanti. 了力諸 ta dhamma adhigantum ussahanta samana dana dadati(p.nom.) (m.s.acc.) (inf.) (ppr.m.p.dat.) (m.p.dat.) (n.s.acc.) (pr.3,p.) 力了諸 6. So arabbamhi uppatante sakune passitum pabbatam aruhati. 林 ta arabba uppatanta sakuna passitum pabbata aruhati(s.nom.) (n.s.loc.) (ppr.m.p.acc.) (m.p.acc.) (inf.) (m.s.acc.) (pr.3,s.) 林裡 92

7. Phalani khadanta tumhe rukkhehi oruhatha. 來phala khadanta tumha rukkha oruhati(n.p.acc.) (ppr.m.p.nom.) (p.nom.) (m.p.abl.) (pr.2,p.) 來 8. Pasadam upasavkamantam samanam disva bhupalassa cittam pasidati. pasada upasavkamanta samana disva bhupalassa cittam pasidati(m.s.acc.) (ppr.m.p.acc.) (m.s.acc.) (ger.) (m.s.gen.) (n.s.nom.) (pr.3,p.) 9. Buddho viharasmim sannipatantanam manussanam dhammam deseti. Buddha vihara sannipatanta manussa dhamma deseti(m.s.nom.) (m.s.loc.) (ppr.m.p.dat.) (m.p.dat.) (m.s.acc.) (pr.3,s.) 裡 10. Te patte udakena purenta gitam gayanti. Ta patta udaka purenta gita gayati(p.nom.) (m.p.acc.) (n.s.ins.) (m.p.nom.) (n.s.acc.) (pr.3,p.) 11. Tumhe arabbe vasante mige piletva asappurisa hotha. 林鹿惡 tumha arabba vasante miga piletva asappurisa hoti(p.nom.) (n.s.loc.) (ppr.m.p.acc.) (m.p.acc.) (ger.) (m.p.nom.) (pr.2,p.) 林裡鹿惡 12. Mayam apanam gantva vanijehi saddhim kathetva dhabbam vikkinama. 說 aham apana gantva vanija saddhim kathetva dhabba vikkinati(p.nom.) (n.s.acc.) (ger.) (m.p.ins.) (prep.) (ger.) (n.s.acc.) (pr.1,p.) 了說 13. Aham kassakehi saha khettasmim rukkhe ropemi. 裡 Aham kassaka saha khetta rukkha ropeti(s.nom.) (m.p.ins.) (prep.) (n.s.loc.) (m.p.acc.) (pr.1,s.) 裡 93

14. Tvam uddentam sukam disva ganhitum icchasi. Tumha uddenta suka disva ganhitum icchati(s.nom.) (ppr.m.s.acc.) (m.s.acc.) (ger.) (inf.) (pr.2,s.) 15. So vane ahindante gone gamam anetva vanijanam vikkinati. 林 ta vana ahindanta gone gamam anetva vanija vikkinati(s.nom.) (n.s.loc.) (ppr.m.p.acc.) (m.p.acc.)(m.p.acc.) (ger.) (m.p.dat.) (pr.3,s.) 林裡 4.9 利 1. Aham pakkosami phusantam kukkurassa/ sunakhassa kayam darakam(m.s.nom.) (pr.1,s.) (m.s.acc.) (m.s.gen.) (m.s.acc.) (m.s.acc.) Aham kukkurassa/ sunakhassa kayam phusantam darakam pakkosami. [6] 句 darakam [3]darakam vt. pakkosami Aham sunakhassa kayam phusantam darakam pakkosami.[1][2][5]kayam phusantam [4]phusantam darakam 數 2. 裡諸說力理裡諸說 sannipatantehi vihare/ viharasmim samanehi saha bhasamana/ bhasanta Mayam(m.p.ins.) (m.s.loc.) (m.p.nom.) (prep.) (m.p.nom.) (p.nom.) 力理ussahama adhigantum saccam(pr.1,p.) (inf.) (n.s.acc.) Mayam vihare/ viharasmim sannipatantehi samanehi saha bhasamana/bhasanta saccam adhigantum ussahama.3. 裡裡 nisidanta uyyane Tumhe mittehi saddhim khadatha phalani(m.p.nom.) (n.s.loc.) (p.nom.) (m.p.ins.) (prep.) (pr.2,p.) (n.p.acc.) Tumheuyyane nisidanta mittehi saddhim phalani khadatha.94

4. Tvam nisiditva asane pivasi khiram(s.nom.) (ger.) (n.s.loc.) (pr.2,s.) (n.s.acc.) Tvam asane nisiditva khiram pivasi.5. 諸惡行諸惡行 bhayanta papakammani sappurisa uppajjanti sagge(m.p.nom.) (n.p.acc.) (m.p.nom.) (pr.3,p.) (m.s.loc.) Sappurisapapakammani bhayanta sagge uppajjanti.6. 利利palento dipam Bhupalo jinati(m.s.nom.) (m.s.acc.) (m.s.nom.) (pr.3,s.) Bhupalo dipam palento jinati.7. Tvam rukkhehi ocinitva phalani pesesi apanam(s.nom.) (m.p.abl.) (ger.) (n.p.acc.) (pr.2,s.) (n.s.acc.) Tvam rukkhehi phalani ocinitva apanam pesesi.8. 裡惡裡惡 Aham ovadami pilentam gamasmim kassake asappurisam(s.nom.) (pr.1,s.) (m.s.acc.) (m.s.loc.) (m.p.acc.) (n.s.acc.) Ahamgamasmim kassake pilentam asappurisam ovadami.9. gayanta gitani Tumhe oloketha uddente/ uppatante akase sakune(m.p.nom.) (n.p.acc.)( p.nom.) (pr.2,p.) (m.p.acc.) (m.s.loc.) (m.p.acc.) Tumhe gitani gayantaakase uddente/ uppatante sakune oloketha.10. 了裡洞了裡洞Mayam ropetum uyyane rukkhe khanama avate(p.nom.) (inf.) (n.s.oloc.) (m.p.acc.) (pr.1,p.) (n.p.acc.) Mayam uyyane rukkhe ropetum avate khanama.95

11. 理理 pariyesanto saccam pandito nagaramha/ nagarasma nagaram gacchati(m.s.nom.) (n.s.acc.) (m.s.nom.) (n.s.abl.) (n.s.acc.) (pr.3,s.) Pandito saccam pariyesanto nagaramha/ nagarasma nagaram gacchati.12. 裡惡裡惡akavkhamana uppajjitum sagge pandita bhayanti katum papam/ akusalam(m.p.nom.) (inf.) (m.s.loc.) (m.p.nom.) (pr.3,p.) (inf.) (n.s.acc.) Sagge uppajjitum akavkhamana pandita papam/ akusalam katumbhayanti. 5.3 1. So pabbatamha udentam candam passitum pasadam aruhissati. 亮 ta pabbata udenta canda passitum pasada aruhati(s.nom.) (m.s.abl.) (ppr.m.s.acc.) (m.s.acc.) (inf.) (m.s.acc.) (fut.3,s.) 亮 2. Aham samuddam taritva dipam papunitva bhandani vikkinissami. 了 aham samudda taritva dipa papunitva bhanda vikkinati(s.nom.) (m.s.acc.) (ger.) (m.s.acc.) (ger.) (n.p.acc.) (fut.1,s.) 了句 abs.nom.()3. Tumhe viharam upasavkamanta tumha vihara upasavkamanta(p.nom.) (m.s.acc.) (ppr.m.p.nom.)magge pupphani vikkinante manusse passissatha. 路 magga puppha vikkinanta manussa passati(m.s.loc.) (n.p.acc.) (ppr.m.p.acc.) (m.p.acc.) (fut.2,p.) 路 96

4. Mayam bhupala dhammena dipe palessama. aham bhupala dhamma dipa paleti(p.nom.) (m.p.voc./nom.) (m.s.ins.) (m.p.acc.) (fut.1,p.) /5. Papam parivajjetva kusalam karonte sappurise deva pujessanti.惡 papa parivajjetva kusala karonta sappurisa deva pujeti(n.s.acc.) (ger.) (n.s.acc.) (ppr.m.p.acc.) (m.p.acc.) (m.p.nom.) (fut.3,p.) 惡 6. Tvam dhabbena pattam puretva acariyassa dassasi. 老 tumha dhabba patta puretva acariya dadati(s.nom.) (n.s.ins.) (m.s.acc.) (ger.) (m.s.dat.) (fut.2,s.) 老 7. Saccam bhasanta asappurise anusasanta pandita upasakabhavissanti. 理說惡塞 sacca bhasanta asappurisa anusasanta pandita upasaka bhavati(n.s.acc.) (ppr.m.p.nom.) (m.p.acc.) (ppr.m.p.nom.) (m.p.nom.) (m.p.nom.) (fut.3,p.) 說理惡塞 8 句 a 7 句 B saccam bhasanta asappurise anusasanta pandita upasakabhavissanti.5) saccam vt.bhasanta acc. 6) asappurise vt. 1) 3) 2)anusasanta acc. 數 4) upasaka pandita 數 5.4 利 97

1. 裡裡aham Buddhasma uggayha/ ugganhitva dhammam jivissami dhammena loke(s.nom.) (m.s.abl.) (ger.) (m.s.acc.) (fut.1,s.) (m.s.ins.) (m.s.loc.) Buddhamha/ Buddhasma dhammam uggayha/ ugganhitva ahamdhammena loke jivissami.2. 來來Tumhe sutva dhammam pasidissatha Tathagate(p.nom.) (ger.) (m.s.acc.) (fut.2,p.) (m.s.loc.) Tumhe dhammam sutva Tathagate pasidissatha.3. 林裡林裡 ahindanta 17 arabbe samharanta Phalani te icchissanti pivitum paniyam(m.p.nom.) (n.s.loc.) (m.p.nom.) (n.p.acc.) (p.nom.) (fut.3,p.) (inf.) (m.s.acc.) Phalani samharanta arabbe ahindanta/ caranta te paniyam/ udakampivitum/ patum icchissanti.4. so adaya/ gahetva mulam gacchissati/ gamissati apanam kinitum bhandani(s.nom.) (ger.) (n.s.acc.) (fut.3,s.) (n.s.acc.) (inf.) (n.p.acc.) So mulam adaya/ gahetva bhandani kinitum apanam gacchissati/gamissati.5. Mayam bhavissama rakkhanta silam sappurisa(p.nom.) (fut.1,p.) (m.p.nom.) (n.s.acc.) (m.p.nom.) Mayam silam rakkhanta sappurisa bhavissama.6. 諸諸 karonta kusalakammani sappurisa ugganhissanti samanehi dhammam(m.p.nom.) (n.p.acc.) (m.p.nom.) (fut.3,p.) (m.p.abl.) (m.s.acc.) Kusalakammani karonta sappurisa samanehi dhammam ugganhissanti.17ahindanta samharanta ppr. te ahindanta samharanta 林裡 98

7. passitva/ disva panditamha pucchante pabhe putte tvam pasidissasi(ger.) (m.s.abl.) (m.p.acc.) (m .p.acc.) (m.p.acc.) (p.nom.) (fut.2,s.) Panditamha pabhe pucchante putte passitva/ disva tvam pasidissasi. 六6.4 1. Sace tvam dhammam suneyyasi, sace tumha dhamma sunati(conj..) (s.nom.) (m.s.acc.) (opt.2,s.)addha (certainly) tvam Buddhassa savako bhaveyyasi. addha tumha Buddha savaka bhavati(adv.) (s.nom.) (m.s.gen.) (m.s.nom.) (opt.2,s.) 2. Yadi te gitani gayitum ugganheyyum, aham piugganheyyami. Yadi ta gita gayitum ugganhati aham pi ugganhati(conj..) (p.nom.) (n.p.acc.) (inf.) (opt.3,p.) (s.nom.) (ind.) (opt.1,s.) 3. Sace tvam bijani pahineyyasi, kassako tani (them) khette vapeyya. 裡 sace tumha bija pahinati kassaka ta khetta vapati(conj..) (s.nom.) (n.p.acc.) (opt.2,p.) (s.nom.) (n.p.acc.) (n.s.loc.) (opt.3,s.) 裡 4. Sace tumhe padumani ocineyyatha, kumara tani Buddhassapujeyyum. 蓮 sace tumha paduma ocinati kumara ta Buddha pujeti(conj..) (p.nom.) (n.p.acc.) (opt.2,p.) (m.p.nom.) (n.p.acc.) (m.s.dat.) (opt.3,p.) 蓮 99

5. Yadi mayam bhupalena saha manteyyama, amacca na agaccheyyum. 諸不來yadi aham bhupala saha manteti amacca na agacchati(conj..) (p.nom.) (m.p.ins.) (conj.) (opt.1,p.) (m.p.nom.) (adv.) (opt.3,p.) 諸不來 6. Sace bhupala dhammena dipe paleyyum, sace bhupala dhamma dipa paleti(conj..) (m.p.nom.) (n.p.acc.) (m.p.acc.) (opt.3,p.)mayam bhupalesu pasideyyama. aham bhupala pasidati(p.nom.) (m.p.loc.) (opt.1,p.) 6.5 利 1. 諸惡諸惡 sace tvam chadeyyasi puttanam papakammani te bhaveyyum cora(ind.) (s.nom.) (opt.2,s.) (m.p.gen.) (n.p.acc.) (m.p.nom.) (opt.3,p.) (m.p.nom.) Sace tvam puttanam papakammani chadeyyasi, te cora bhaveyyum./ sace tvam puttehi karonte akusalakmmani chadeyyasi ,te cora bhavissanti.2. 諸惡諸惡sace tumhe iccheyyatha bhavitum sappurisa, tumhe parivajjeyyatha papam(ind.) (p.nom.) (opt.2,p.) (inf.) (m.p.nom.) (p.nom.) (opt.2,p.) (n.s.acc.) Sace tumhe sappurisa bhavitum iccheyyatha,tumhe papam parivajjetha/ parivajjeyyatha.3. 惡 sace mayam nayanehi olokeyyama passeyyama loke rupani(ind.) (p.nom.) (n.p.ins.) (opt.1,p.) (opt.1,p.) (m.s.loc.) (n.p.acc.) 惡 sace mayam cittehi olokeyyama passeyyama pubbam ca papam ca(ind.) (p.nom.) (n.p.ins.) (opt.1,p.) (opt.1,p.) (n.s.acc.) (ind.) (n.s.acc.) (ind.) Sace mayam nayanehi olokeyyama loke rupani passeyyama;sace mayam cittehi olokeyyama pubbam ca papam ca passeyyama.100

4. 諸福諸福 sace deva uppajjeyyum manussaloke te kareyyum pubbakammani(ind.) (m.p.nom.) (opt.3,p.) (m.s.loc.) (m.p.nom.) (opt.3,p.) (n.p.acc.) Sace deva manussaloke uppajjeyyum, te pubbakammani kareyyum.5. 論 sace/ Yadi bhupalo iccheyya/ akavkheyya dhammena paletum dipam(ind.) (m.s.nom.) (opt.3,s.) (m.s.ins.) (inf.) (m.s.acc.) 論 so mantessati/ manteyya panditehi ca amaccehi ca(m.s.nom.) (fut.3,s.) (opt.3,s.) (m.p.ins.) (ind.) (m.p.abl.) (ind.) Sace/ Yadi bhupalo dhammena dipam paletum iccheyya/ akavkheyya,so panditehi ca amaccehi ca mantessati/ manteyya.6. 來說來說 sace aham nimanteyyami samanam so agamissati geham desetum dhammam(ind.) (s.nom.) (opt.1,s.) (m.s.acc.) (m.s.nom.) (fut.3,s.) (n.s.acc.) (inf.) (m.s.acc.) Sace/ Yadi aham samanam nimanteyyami/ pakkoseyyami, sodhammam desetum/ desitum geham agamissati. 7.3 1. Bhupala dhammena dipam palentu. bhupala dhamma dipa paleti(-a,m.p.nom.) (m.s.ins.) (m.s.acc.) (imp.3,s.) 2. Ma manusso bhayatu, sace so saccam janati, bhasatu.不說ma manussa bhayati sace ta sacca janati bhasati(ind.)(-a,m.s.nom.) (imp.3,s.) (conj..) (m.s.nom.)(n.s.acc.) (pr.3,s.) (imp.3,s.) 不說 101

3. Tumhe papam karonte putte ovadatha. 惡 tumha papa karonta putta ovadati(p.nom.) (n.s.acc.) (ppr.m.p.acc.) m.p.acc.) (imp.2,p.) 惡 4. Sugato dhammam desetu, 說 sugata dhamma deseti(m.s.nom.) (m.s.acc.) (imp.3,s.)Savaka ca upasaka ca viharasmim nisidanti. 行諸塞裡 savaka ca upasaka ca vihara nisidati(m.p.nom.) (conj.) (m.p.nom.) (conj.) (m.s.loc.) (pr.3,p.) 說諸塞裡 5. Ma te papakammani katva manussalokamha cavitva不諸惡 ma ta papakamma katva manussa+ loka cavitva(ind.) (m.p.nom.) (n.p.acc.) (ger.)(-a,m.s.acc.) (pr.3,s.)narake (in purgatory) uppajjantu. 裡savaka ca upasaka ca vihara nisidati(m.p.nom.) (conj.) (m.p.nom.) (conj.) (m.s.loc.) (pr.3,p.) 不了諸惡裡 6. Ma tvam sunakham amasahi, so tam (you) daseyya.不 ma tumha sunakha amasati ta tumha dasati(ind.) (s.nom.) (m.s.acc.) (imp.2,s.) (m.s.nom.)(s.acc.) (opt.3,s.) 不 7. Putta, ma tvam papamitte upasavkama. 不惡 putta ma tumha papa + mitta upasavkamati(m.s.voc.) (ind.) (m.s.nom.) (m.p.acc.) (imp.2,s.) 不惡 102

8. Ma suvannam coretva gacchanta cora samuddam tarantu.不金 ma suvanna coretva gacchanta cora samudda tarati(ind.) (n.s.acc.) (ger.) (ppr.m.p.nom.) (m.p.nom.) (m.s.acc.) (imp.3,p.) 不了金 7.4 利 1. palento dipam bhupalo dhammena rakkhatu manusse(m.s.nom.) (m.s.acc.) (m.s.nom.) (m.s.ins.) (imp.3,s.) (m.p.acc.) Dipam palento bhupalo dhammena manusse rakkhatu.2. 裡落葉裡落葉 kilanta Uyyane daraka ocinantu/ samharantu patantani pannani(m.p.nom.) (n.s.loc.) (m.p.nom.) (imp.3,p.) (n.p.acc.) (n.p.acc.) Uyyane kilanta daraka patantani pannani ocinantu/ samharantu.3. 不樓來不來樓 Ma oruhatu darako sopanamha so patissati(ind.) (imp.3,s.) (m.s.nom.) (m.s.abl.) (m.p.nom.) (fut.3,s.) Ma darako sopanamha oruhatu, so patissati.4. 不諸惡不諸惡 putta tumhe ma karotha papani dhammena jivatha(m.p.voc.) (p.nom.) (ind.) (imp.2,p.) (n.p.acc.) (m.s.ins.) (imp.2,p.) Ma putta tumhe papani karotha, dhammena jivatha.5. 塞力惡諸行塞力惡諸行upasaka Tumhe ussahatha parivejjetva akusalam karotum kusalakammani(m.p.voc.) (p.nom.) (imp.2,p.) (ger.) (n.s.acc.) (inf.) (n.p.acc.) Tumhe upasaka, akusalam parivejjetva kusalakammani karotum ussahatha.6. Tundehi gahetva/ ganhanta phalani suka/ suva uppatantu/ uddentu(n.p.ins.) (ger.) (m.p.nom.) (n.p.acc.) (m.s.nom.) (imp.3,p.) Tundehi phalani gahetva/ ganhanta suka/ suva uppatantu/ uddentu.103

8.2 1. Kassako khettam kasitva nahayitum udakam otari. kassako khetta kasitva nahayitum udaka otarati(m.s.nom.) (n.s.acc.) (ger.) (inf.) (n.s.acc.) (aor.3,s.) 了 2. Upaska asanehi utthahitva dhammam desetum upasavkamantam 塞來說 Upaska asana utthahitva dhamma desetum upasavkamanta(m.p.nom.) (n.p.abl.) (ger.) (m.s.acc.) (inf.) (ppr.m.s.acc.) [1] 句句來 samanam[2]samanam vt. () vandimsu samanam vandimsu. [3]upasavkamantam 數 samanam 禮了samana vandati(m.s.acc.) (aor.3,p.) 塞來禮了說 3. Aham puttassa datum dussam sibbanto 18 gitam gayim. 了Aham putta datum dussam sibbanta gita gayati(s.nom.) (m.s.dat.) (inf.) (n.s.acc.) (m.s.nom.) (n.s.acc.) (aor.1,s.) 了了 4. Acariyo asanam dussena chadetva samanam nisiditum nimantesi.老了acariyo asanam dussena chadetva samana nisiditum nimanteti(m.s.nom.)(n.s.acc.) (n.s.ins.) (ger.) (m.s.acc.) (inf.) (aor.3,s.) 老了 18 sibbanto ppr. nom. aham 句來 104

5. dhammam ugganhitva samano bhavitum akavkhamano19amacco dhamma ugganhitva samana bhavitum akavkhamana amacca(m.s.acc.) (ger.) (m.s.nom.) (inf.) (m.s.nom.) (m.s.nom.)acariyam vt.Pariyesati acariyam pariyesamano Buddham upasavkami.老了acariya pariyesamano Buddham upasavkamati(m.s.acc.) (m.s.nom.) (m.s.acc.) (aor.3,s.) 老了 8.3 利 1. 蓮了蓮了 darako udakena asibcitva padumani tehi pujesi Buddham(m.s.nom.) (n.s.ins.) (ger.) (n.p.acc.) (n.p.ins.) (aor.3,s.) (m.s.acc.) Darako udakena padumani asibcitva tehi Buddham pujesi.2. 了了 suka/ suva ca aka ca rukkhehi uppatimsu/ uddesum akasam(m.p.nom.) (ind.) (m.p.nom.) (ind.) (m.p.abl.) (aor.3,p.) (m.s.acc.)3. Suka/ suva ca aka ca rukkhehi akasam uppatimsu/ uddesum. 了裡說了了裡說了passitum Bhupalam sannipatitva nisidantanam uyyane manussanam aham kathesim(inf.) (m.s.acc.) (ger.) (m.p.dat.) (n.s.loc.) (m.p.dat.) (s.nom.) (aor.1,s.) Bhupalam passitum sannipatitva uyyane nisidantanam manussanamaham kathesim.4. 了了disva pavisantam geham sappam mayam bhayimha(ger.) (m.s.acc.) (n.s.acc.) (m.s.acc.) (p.nom.) (aor.1,p.) Geham pavisantam sappam disva mayam bhayimha.19 Dhammam ugganhitva samano bhavitum akavkhamano Acariyam pariyesamano 句來 amaccoAkavkhamanopariyesamano amacco 數 abs.nom.() 狀句 upasavkami105

9.4 1. Sace sabhayam kabbayo katheyyum aham pi kathessami. 裡女說說sace sabha kabba katheyyum aham pi katheti(ind.) (f.s.loc.) (f.p.nom.) (opt.3,p.) (s.nom.) (ind.) (fut.1,s.) 女裡說說 2. Vanita rukkhassa sakhayo chinditva akaddhi.女了拉了Vanita rukkha sakha chinditva akaddhati(f.s.nom.) (m.s.gen.) (f.p.acc.) (m.s.acc.) (aor.3,s.) 女了拉了句來說 manusse 3.Devatayo pubbani karontedhammena jivante manusse rakkhantu. 諸福 devata pubba karonta dhamma jivanta manussa rakkhati(f.p.nom.) (n.p.acc.) (m.p.acc.) (m.s.ins.) (m.p.acc.) (m.p.acc.) (imp.3,p.) 諸福 4. Khudaya pilentam gilanam yacakam disva amma bhattam adadi / adasi. 飯了Khuda pilenta gilana yacaka disva amma bhatta dadati(f.s.ins.) (m.p.acc.)(m.s.acc.)(m.s.acc.) (ger.) (f.s.nom.) (m.s.acc.) (aor.3,s.) 了飯 5. Parisam parivaretva pasadamha nikkhamantam bhupalam disva 了 Parisa parivaretva pasada nikkhamanta bhupala disva(f.s.acc.) (ger.) (m.s.abl.) (m.s.acc.) (m.s.acc.) (ger.)vanitayo女 vanita(f.p.nom.)modanti.modati(pr.3,p.) 了女 106

10.5. [2] 句來 suvannam [3] pakkhittam suvannam 數 [1] suvannam vt ganhi.1. Ammaya mabjusayam pakkhittam suvannam darika na ganhi. 裡金女了amma mabjusa pakkhitta suvanna darika na ganhati(f.s.gen./ins.) (f.s.loc.) (pp.n.s.acc.) (n.s.acc.) (f.s.nom.)(adv.)(aor.3,s.) 女了裡金女了裡金 2. Dhotani vatthani gahetva bhariya udakamha uttari. 來了dhota vattha gahetva bhariya udaka uttarati(pp.n.p.acc.) (n.p.acc.) (ger.) (f.s. nom.) (n.s.abl.) (aor.3,s.) 來了 3. Buddha devehi ca narehi ca pujita honti.諸諸禮 Buddha deva ca nara ca pujita hoti(m.p.nom.) (m.p.ins.) (conj.) (m.p.ins.) (conj.) (m.p.nom.) (pr.3,p.) 諸諸禮 4. Vanitaya dussena chadite asane samano nisiditva女 vanita dussa chadita asane samana nisiditva(f.s.ins.) (n.s.ins.) (pp.n.s.loc.) (n.s.loc.) (m.s.nom.) (ger.)sannipatitaya parisaya dhammam desesi. 了sannipatita parisa dhamma deseti(f.s.dat.) (f.s.dat.) (m.s.acc.) (aor.3,s.) 女了108

5. Savakehi ca upasakehi ca parivarito Buddho諸諸塞 savaka ca upasaka ca parivarita Buddha(m.p.ins.) (conj.) (m.p.ins.) (conj.) (pp.m.s.nom.) (m.s.nom.)viharassa chayaya nisinno hoti. 裡 vihara chaya nisinna hoti(m.s.gen.) (f..s.loc.) (pp.m.s.nom.) (pr.3,s.) 諸諸塞裡 10.6. 利 1. 來不說了來不說了agato sabham puriso na sakkosi amaccehi saddhim/ saha kathetum(pp.m.s.nom.)(f.s.acc.) (m.s.nom.)(ind.) (aor.3,s.) (m.p.ins.) (prep.) (inf.) Sabham agato puriso amaccehi saddhim/ saha kathetum na sakkosi.2. 諸諸禮諸諸禮 Buddha ca savaka ca devehi ca manussehi ca vandita/ pujita honti(m.p.nom.)(ind.)(m.p.nom.)(ind.)(m.p.ins.)(ind.) (m.p.ins.) (ind.)(pp.m.p.nom.) (pr.3,p.) Buddha ca savaka ca devehi ca manussehi ca vandita/ pujita honti.3. 了女了女 Vanijo vikkini vanitahi sibbitani vatthani/ dussani(m.s.nom.)(aor.3,s.) (f.p.ins.) (n.p.acc.) (n.p.acc.) Vanijo vanitahi sibbitani vatthani/ dussani vikkini.4. 女弄了 ins. 女弄了 nisinnayo rukkhamule kabbayo/ darikayo kilimsu valukaya(pp.f.p.nom.) (m.s.loc.) (f.p.nom.) (aor.3,p.) (f.s.ins.) Rukkhamule nisinnayo kabbayo/ darikayo valukaya kilimsu.109

11.4. A B 句 A1. Bhupalo rajiniya saddhim navaya nadim taranto Bhupala rajini saddhim nava nadi taranta(m.s.nom.) (f.s.ins.) (prep.) (f.s.ins.) (f.s.acc.) (ppr.m.s.nom.)BUdake carante macche olokento amaccehi saddhim katheti. 說udaka caranta macche olokenta amacca saddhim katheti(n.s.loc.)(ppr.m.s.nom.)(m.p.acc.)(ppr.m.s.nom.)(m.s.nom.) (prep.) (pr.3,s.) 說 2. Yuvatiya puttham pabham vyakatum asakkonto 女不 Yuvati puttha pabha vyakatum asakkonta(f.s.ins.) (pp.m.s.nom.) (m.s.acc.) (inf.) (ppr.m.s.nom.)aham taya (with her) saddhim sallapitum arabhim 21 . 了aham ta saddhim sallapitum arabhati(s.nom.) (f.s.ins.) (prep.) (inf.) (aor.3,s.) 不女了 3. Bhaginiya saddhim pokkharaniya tire (bank) thatva 蓮 Bhagini saddhim pokkharani tire (bank) thatva(f.p.ins.) (prep.) (f.s.gen.) (n.s.loc.) (ger.)so padumani ocinitum vayami. 蓮力了ta paduma ocinitum vayamati(m.s.nom.)(n.p.acc.) (inf.) (aor.3,s.) 蓮力了蓮 21 arabhati 不 (inf.)110

4. Rattiya samuddasmim patita candassa rasmiyo oloketva taruniyo modimsu. 落亮了ratti samudda patita canda rasmi oloketva taruni modati(f.s.loc.) (m.s.loc.) (pp.f.p.acc.)(m.s.gen.)(f.p.acc.) (ger.) (f.p.nom.) (aor.3,p.) 落亮了句來 bhandam5. Bhaginiya dussena vethetva mabcasmim thapitam bhandam Bhagini dussa vethetva mabca thapita bhanda(f.s.ins.) (n.s.ins.) (ger.) (m.s.loc.) (pp.n.s.nom.) (n.s.acc.)itthi mabjusayam pakkhipi.女裡了itthi mabjusa pakkhipati(f.s.nom.) (f.s.loc.) (aor.3,s.) 女了裡 11.5. 利 1. 蓮裡蓮蓮裡蓮 bhavanti/ honti padumani ca maccha ca Bhupalassa uyyane pokkharanisu(pr.3,p.) (n.p.nom.) (ind.)(m.p.nom.)(ind.) (m.s.gen.) (n.s.loc.) (f.p.loc.) Bhupalassa uyyane pokkharanisu padumani ca maccha ca bhavanti/honti.2. 了蓮了了蓮了 Taruniyo/ Yuvatiyo vapiya ocinitva padumani nikkhipimsu tani bhumiyam(f.p.nom.) (f.s.abl.) (ger.) (n.p.acc.) (aor.3,p.) (n.p.acc.) (f.s.loc.) Taruniyo/ Yuvatiyo vapiya padumani ocinitva bhumiyam taninikkhipimsu.3. 來說了來說了Rajini navaya/ doniya taritva nadim agatahi bhaginihi saddhim kathesi(f.s.nom.) (f.s.ins.) (ger.) (f.s.acc.) (f.p.ins.) (f.p.ins.) (prep.) (aor.3,s.) Rajini navaya/ doniya nadim taritva agatahi bhaginihi saddhim kathesi.111

4. 了雷隆隆雷了了雷隆隆雷了Tumhe gantva nadim nahayitum sutva asanisaddam bhayittha(p.nom.) (ger.) (f.s.acc.) (inf.) (ger.) (m.s.acc.) (aor.2,p.) Tumhe nahayitum nadim gantva asanisaddam sutva bhayittha.5. 說裡女說裡女 Mayam sakkoma vyakatum sabhayam itthihi/ vanitahi putthe pabhe(p.nom.) (pr.1,p.) (inf.) (f.s.loc.) (f.p.ins.) (m.p.acc.) (m.p.acc.) Mayam sabhayam itthihi/ vanitahi putthe pabhe vyakatum sakkoma. 12.4. 1. Khette phalani corenti darika kassakam disva bhayiitva dhavitum arabhi. 裡女了Khette phala corenti darika kassaka disva bhayiitva dhavitum arabhati(n.s.loc.) (n.p.acc.) (f.s.nom.) (f.s.nom.) (m.s.acc.) (ger.) (ger.) (inf.) (aor.3,s.) 女裡了 2. Buddhassa savakena desitam dhammam sutva 了 Buddha savaka desita dhamma sutva(m.s.gen.) (m.s.ins.) (pp.m.s.nom.) (m.s.acc.) (ger.)yuvatisaccam adhigantum icchanti ammaya saddhim mantesi. 女理了論了yuvati sacca adhigantum icchanti amma saddhim manteti(f.s.nom.) (n.s.acc.) (inf.) (f.s.nom.) (f.s.ins.) (prep.) (aor.3,s.) 了了理女論了 3. Sayantam sunakham amasanti kumari gehadvare nisinna hoti. 女 sayanta sunakha amasanti kumari gehadvara nisinna hoti(pp,m.s.acc.) (m.s.acc.) (f.s.nom.) (f.s.nom.) (n.s.loc.) (pp.f.s.nom.) (pr.3,s.) 女 112

4. Rajini narihi putthe pabhe vyakaronti sabhayam nisinna 女裡 Rajini nari puttha pabha vyakaronti sabha nisinna(f.s.nom.) (f.p.ins.) (pp.f.p.acc.) (m.p.acc.) (f.s.nom.) (f.s.loc.) (f.s.nom.)parisam amantetva katham kathesi. 論說了parisa amantetva katha katheti(f.s.acc.) (ger.) (f.s.acc.) (aor.3,s.) 裡女說了 5. Atavim gantva rukkham chinditva sakhayo akaddhantiyo 林了 atavi gantva rukkha chinditva sakha akaddhanti(f.s.acc.) (ger.) (m.s.acc.) (ger.) (f.p.acc.) (ppr.f.p.nom.)itthiyo sigale disva bhayimsu.女狼了itthi sigala disva bhayati(f.p.nom.) (m.p.acc.) (ger.) (aor.3,p.) 了林女狼了 6. Satakena vethetva niliyitam suvannam passitum akavkhamana 金 sataka vethetva niliyita suvanna passitum akavkhamana(m.s.ins.) (ger.) (pp.n.s.acc.) (n.s.acc.) (inf.) (f.s.nom.)yuvatiovarakassa (room) dvaram vivari. 女了yuvati ovaraka dvara vivarati(f.s.nom.) (m.s.gen.) (n.s.acc.) (aor.3,s.) 金女了 7. Mayam sappurisa bhavitum akavkhamana samane upasavkamma 諸 aham sappurisa bhavitum akavkhamana samana upasavkamma(p.nom.) (m.p.nom.) (inf.) (m.p.nom.) (m.p.acc.) (ger.)dhammam sutva kusalam katum arabhimha. 了dhamma sutva kusala katum arabhati(m.s.acc.) (ger.) (n.s.acc.) (inf.) (aor.1,p.) 諸了 113

8. Saccam batum ussahanta brahmana sahayakehi saha mantayimsu. 理力羅論了sacca batum ussahanta brahmana sahayaka saha manteti(n.s.acc.) (inf.) (pp.m.p.nom.) (m.p.nom.) (m.p.ins.) (prep.) (aor.3,p.) 力理羅論了 9. Ataviyam viharanta miga ca gona ca varaha ca sihamha bhayanti. 林裡鹿猪 Atavi viharanta miga ca gona ca varaha ca siha bhayati(f.s.loc.) (m.p.nom.) (m.p.nom.)(ind.)(m.p.nom.)(ind.)(m.p.nom.)(ind.) (m.p.nom.) (pr.3,p.) 林裡鹿猪 10. Samana saddhaya upasakehi dinnam bhubjitva saccam adhigantum vayamanta諸塞理了力samana saddha upasaka dinna bhubjitva saccam adhigantum vayamanta(m.p.nom.) (f.s.ins.) (m.p.ins.) (n.s.acc.) (ger.) (n.s.acc.) (inf.) (m.p.nom.)silani rakkhanti.諸 sila rakkhati(n.s.acc.) (pr.3,p.) 塞力了理諸諸 12.5. 利 1. 不女籠了不女籠了 na icchanti vihethetum sakunam nari pabjaramha mubci/ vissajjesi tam(ind.) (f.s.nom.) (inf.) (m.s.acc.) (f.s.nom.) (m.s.abl.) (aor.3,s.) (m.s.acc.) Sakunam vihethetum na icchanti nari tam pabjaramha mubci/ vissajjesi.2. 不女了不女了 asakkonti Rukkhamha ocinitum phalani kabba pakkosi kassakam(f.s.nom.) (pr.3,p.) (inf.) (n.p.acc.) (f.s.nom.) (aor.3,s.) (m.s.acc.) Rukkhamha phalani ocinitum asakkonti kabba kassakam pakkosi.114

3. 女了女了 gayantiyo rukkhamule kabbayo arabhimsu naccitum(f.p.nom.) (n.s.loc.) (f.p.nom.) (aor.3,p.) (inf.) Rukkhamule gayantiyo kabbayo naccitum arabhimsu.4. 利益女裡了利益女裡了 icchantiyo labhitum labham itthiyo apanesu vikkinimsu satake/ vatthani(f.p.nom.) (inf.) (m.s.acc.) (f.p.nom.) (n.p.loc.) (aor.3,p.) (m.p.acc.)(n.p.acc.) Labham labhitum icchantiyo itthiyo apanesu satake/ vatthanivikkinimsu.5. 女惡女惡 pilenta/ vihethenta Vanitayo/ Itthiyo ca darake ca te honti asappurisa(m.p.nom.) (f.p.acc.) (ind.) (m.p.acc.) (ind.)(m.p.nom.)(pr.3,p.) (m.p.nom.) Vanitayo/ Itthiyo ca darake ca pilenta/ vihethenta te asappurisa honti.6. 惡行女怒離了惡行女怒離了 Mayam karontihi papakammani itthih kujjhitva nikkhamimha salaya(p.nom.) (f.p.abl.) (n.p.acc.) (f.p.abl.) (ger.) (aor.1,p.) (f.s.abl.) Mayam papakammani karontihi itthihi/ vanitahi kujjhitva salayanikkhamimha. 13.3. 1. Upasakehi samana vanditabba honti. 塞諸禮 Upasaka samana vanditabba hoti(m.p.ins.) (m.p.nom.) (grd.m.p.nom.) (pr.3,p.) 諸塞禮 2. Sappurisa pujaniye pujenti, asappurisa tatha (likewise) na karonti. 惡不 sappurisa pujaniya pujeti, asappurisa tatha na karonti(m.p.nom.) (grd.m.p.acc.) (pr.3,p.) (m.p.nom.) (adv.) (ind.) (pr.3,p.) 惡不 115

3. Manussehi dhammo ugganhitabbo, saccam adhigantabbam hoti. 理了 manussa dhamma ugganhitabba sacca adhigantabba hoti(m.p.ins.) (m.s.nom.) (grd.m.s.nom.) (n.s.nom.) (grd.n.s.nom.) (pr.3,s.) 理了 4. Manussehi danani databbani, silani rakkhitabbani, pubbani katabbani. 諸諸諸福 manussa dana databba sila rakkhitabba pubba katabba(m.p.ins.) (n.p.nom.)(grd.m.p.nom.)(n.p.nom.)(grd.n.p.nom.)(n.p.nom.) (grd.n.p.nom.) 諸諸諸福 5. Kathetabbam va akathetabbam va ajananto asappuriso ma sabhayam nisidatu. 說不說不惡不裡 kathetabba va akathetabbam va ajananta asappurisa ma sabha nisidati(grd.m.p.acc.) ( ind.) (grd.m.p.acc.) (ind.)(ppr.m.s.nom.)(m.p.nom.) (ind.) (f.s.loc.) (aor.3,s.) 不不說不說惡裡 6. Upasakena puttho pabho panditena vyakatabbo hoti. 塞 upasaka puttha pabha pandita vyakatabba hoti(m.s.ins.) (pp.m.p.nom.) (m.s.nom.) (m.s.nom.) (grd.m.s.nom.) (pr.3,s.) 塞塞 7. Uyyane ropita rukkha na chinditabba honti. 裡不 uyyana ropita rukkha na chinditabba hoti(n.s.loc.) (pp.m.p.acc.) (m.p.nom.) (ind.) (grd.m.p.nom.) (pr.3,p.) 裡不 8. Kusalam ajanitva papam karonta kumara na akkositabba 不惡不 kusala ajanitva papa karonta kumara na akkositabba(n.s.acc.) (ger.) (n.s.acc.) (ppr.m.p.nom.)(m.p.nom.) (ind.) (grd.m.p.nom.)tesamanehi ca panditehi ca sappurisehi ca anusasitabba. ta samana ca pandita ca sappurisa ca anusasitabba(m.p.nom.)(m.p.ins.) (ind.) (m.p.ins.) (ind.) (m.p.ind.) (ind.) (m.p.nom.) 不惡不 116

9. Asappurisa parivajjetabba ma tumhe tehi saddhim (with them) game ahindatha.惡不裡 Asappurisa parivajjetabba ma tumha ta saddhim gama ahindati(m.p.nom.) (grd.m.p.nom.) (ind.)(p.nom.)(m.p.nom.)(prep.) (m.s.loc.) (imp.2,p.) 惡不裡 10. Sura na patabba sace piveyyatha tumhe gilana bhavissatha. 不 sura na patabba sace pivati tumha gilana bhavati(f.s.nom.) (ind.) (f.s.nom.) (ind.) (opt.2,p.) (p.nom.) (adj.p.nom.) (fut.2,p.) 不 13.4. 利 1. Rattiya manussa jalentu dipe(f.s.loc.) (m.p.nom.) (imp.3,p.) (m.p.acc.) Rattiya manussa dipe jalentu.2. rupani passitabbani nayanehi rasani sadiyitabbani jivhaya honti(n.p.nom.) (n.p.nom.) (m.p.ins.) (n.p.nom.) (n.p.nom.) (f.s.ins.) (pr.3,p.) bayanehi rupani passitabbani, jivhaya rasani sadiyitabbani honti.3. 不裡不裡 pupphani na ocinitabbani uyyane ahindantehi narehi/ manussehi honti(n.p.nom.) (ind.) (n.p.nom.) (n.s.loc.) (m.p.ins) (m.p.ins.) (pr.3,p.) Uyyane ahindantehi narehi/ manussehi pupphani na ocinitabbani honti.4. 惡不不惡惡不 papam na katabbam manussehi hoti(n.s.nom.) (ind.) (n.s.nom.) (m.p.ins) (pr.3,s.) Manussehi papam na katabbam hoti.5. dipe manussa paletabba/ arakkhitabba bhupalena ca amaccehi ca honti(m.s.loc.) (m.p.nom.) (m.p.nom.) (m.s.ins.) (ind.)(m.p.ins.) (ind.) (pr.3,p.) Dipe manussa bhupalena ca amaccehi ca paletabba/ arakkhitabba honti.117

6. 洞裡不洞裡不 sayanta guhasu siha na upasavkamitabba manussehi honti(m.p.nom.) (f.p.loc.) (m.p.nom.) (ind.) (m.p.nom.) (m.p.ins.) (pr.3,p.) Guhasu sayanta siha manussehi na upasavkamitabba honti. 14.3. 1. Amma samanehi asappurise putte anusasapesi. 惡了Amma samana asappurisa putta anusasapeti(f.s.nom.) (m.p.ins.) (m.p.acc.) (m.p.acc.) (aor.3,s.) 了惡 2. Tumhe manusse pilente core amantapetva ovadatha. Tumha manussa pilenta cora amantapetva ovadatha(p.nom.) (m.p.acc.) (ppr.m.p.acc.) (m.p.acc.) (ger.) (imp./ pr.2,p.) 3. Vanijo kassakena rukkhe chindapetva / chedapetva sakatena 車vanija kassaka rukkha chindapetva / chedapetva sakata(m.s.nom.) (m.s.ins.) (m.p.acc.) (ger.) (m.s.ins.)nagaram netva vikkini. 了nagara netva vikkinati(n.s.acc.) (ger.) (aor.3,s.) 車了 4. Samano upasake sannipatapetva dhammam desesi. 塞了samana upasaka sannipatapetva dhamma deseti(m.s.nom.) (m.p.acc.) (ger.) (m.s.acc.) (aor.3,s.) 塞了 5. Matulo kumarehi pupphani ca phalani ca ocinapesi. 了Matula kumara puppha ca phala ca ocinapeti(m.s.nom.) (m.p.ins.) (n.p.acc.) (ind.) (n.p.acc.) (ind.) (aor.3,s.) 了 118

6. Darika sunakham pokkharanim otarapesi. 女了darika sunakha pokkharani otarapeti(f.s.nom.) (m.s.acc.) (f..s.acc.) (aor.3,s.) 女了 7. Amacco vanije ca kassake ca pakkosapetva pucchissati. Amacca vanija ca kassaka ca pakkosapetva pucchati(m.s.nom.) (m.p.acc.) (ind.) (m.p.acc.) (ind.) (ger.) (pr.3,s.) 8. Brahmano acariyena kumarim dhammam ugganhapesi. 羅老女 brahmana acariya kumari dhamma ugganhapeti(m.s.nom.) (m.s.ins.) (f.p.acc.) (m.s.acc.) (aor.3,s.) 羅老女 9. Upasaka samane asanesu nisidapetva bhojapesum. 塞了upasaka samana asana nisidapetva bhojapeti(m.p.nom.) (m.p.acc.) (n.p.loc.) (ger.) (aor.3,p.) 塞了了 10. Sappurisena karapitesu viharesu samana vasanti. 裡 sappurisa karapita vihara samana vasati(m.s.ins.) (pp.m.p.loc.) (m.p.loc.) (m.p.nom.) (pr.3,p.) 裡 14.4. 利 1. 惡惡 Asappuriso vijjhapeti puttehi sakune(m.s.nom.) (pr.3,s.) (m.p.ins.) (m.p.acc.) Asappuriso puttehi sakune vijjhapeti.2. 塞塞 Upasaka desapessanti samanena dhammam(m.p.nom.) (fut.3,p.) (inf.) (n.s.acc.) Upasaka samanena dhammam desapessanti.119

3. 女禮女禮 Vanitayo vandapenti tasam darakehi Buddhassa savake(f.p.nom.) (pr.3,p.) (f.p.gen.) (m.p.ins.) (m.s.gen.) (m.p.acc.) Vanitayo tasam darakehi Buddhassa savake vandapenti.4. 了洞裡了洞裡Kassako patesi rukkham avate(m.s.nom.) (aor.3,s.) (m.s.acc.) (m.s.loc.) Kassako rukkham avate patesi.5. 羅了羅了 Brahmano anusasapesi Buddhassa savakena tassa batayo(m.s.nom.) (aor.3,s.) (m.s.gen.) (m.s.ins.) (m.s.gen.) (f.p.acc.) Brahmano Buddhassa savakena tassabatayo anusasapesi. 15.6. 1. Brahmano Buddhassa dhatuyo vibhajitva bhupalanam adadi / adasi. 羅利了Brahmana Buddha dhatu vibhajitva bhupala dadati(m.s.nom.) (m.s.gen.) (f.p.acc.) (ger.) (m.p.dat.) (aor.3,s.) 羅利了 2. Itthi yuvatiya bhattam pacapetva darikanam thokam thokam vibhaji.女女飯女了Itthi yuvati bhattam pacapetva darika thokam thokam vibhaji(f.s.nom.) (f.s.ins.) (m.s.acc.) (ger.) (f.p.dat.) (adv.) (adv.) (aor.3,s.) 女女飯了女 3. Devatayo sakalam (entire) viharam obhasentiyo Buddham upasavkamimsu. 亮了devata sakala vihara obhasenti Buddha upasavkamati(f.p.nom.) (m.s.acc.) (m.s.acc.) (ppr.f.p.nom.) (m.s.acc.) (aor.3,p.) 亮了 120

4. Amma asappurise bhajamane putte samanehi ovadapesi. 諸惡諸了Amma asappurisa bhajamana putta samana ovadapeti(f.s.nom.) (m.p.acc.) (ppr.m.p.acc.) (m.p.acc.) (m.p.ins.) (aor.3,p.) 諸了諸惡 5. Munayo silam rakkhanta girimhi guhasu vasimsu 洞裡 Muni sila rakkhanta giri guha vasati(m.p.nom.) (n.s.acc.) (ppr.m.p.nom.) (m.sloc.) (prep.) (f.p.loc.) (aor.3,p.) 洞裡 6. Munihi pariyesitabbam dhammam aham pi ugganhitum icchami. Muni pariyesitabba dhammam aham pi ugganhitum icchati(m.p.ins.) (grd.m.s.acc.) (m.s.acc.) (s.nom.) (ind.) (inf.) (pr.1,s.) 7. Buddhassa dhatuyo vanditum mayam viharam gamimha. 利了禮了Buddha dhatu vanditum aham vihara gacchati(m.s.gen.) (f.p.acc.) (inf.) (p.nom.) (m.s.acc.) (aor.1,p.) 了禮利了 8. Mayam locanehi rupani passama, aham locana rupa passati(p.nom.) (n.p.ins.) (n.p.acc.) (pr.1,p.)sotehi (with ears) saddam (sound) sunama, sota sadda sunati(n.p.ins.) (m.s.acc.) (pr.1,p.)jivhaya rasam sadiyama (we taste). jivha rasa sadiyati(f.s.ins.) (n.s.acc.) (pr.1,p.) 121

9. Papakari papani paticchadetva sappuriso viya (like) sabhayam nisinno 惡惡裡 Papakari papani paticchadetva sappurisa viya sabha nisinno(m.s.nom.) (n.p.acc.) (ger.) (m.s.nom.) (ind.) (f.s.loc.) (m.s.nom.)setthina saddhim kathesi. 說了setthi saddhim katheti(m.s.ins.) (prep.) (aor.3,s.) 惡裡惡說了 10. Sabbe panino sukham pariyesamana jivanti, kammani karonti. 切樂 sabba pani sukha pariyesamana jivati kamma karoti(m.p.gen.) (m.p.nom.)(n.s.acc.) (ppr.m.p.nom.) (pr.3,p.) (n.p.acc.) (pr.3,p.) 切樂 11. Sappurisa kusalam karonta, manussehi pubbam karenta ,sukhino bhavanti. 福樂 sappurisa kusala karonta manussa pubba karenta sukhi bhavati(m.p.nom.) (n.s.acc.)(ppr.m.p.nom.)(m.p.ins.) (n.s.acc.)(ppr.m.p.nom.)(m.p.nom.) (pr.3,p.) 福樂 12. Bhikkhavo Tathagatassa savaka honti. 來 Bhikkhu Tathagata savaka hoti(m.p.nom.) (m.s.gen.) (m.p.nom.) (pr.3,p.) 來 ()13. Sace pabhuno atthabbu honti manussa sukhino game viharitum sakkonti. 樂裡 sace pabhu atthabbu hoti manussa sukhi gama viharitum sakkoti(ind.) (m.p.nom.) (m.p.nom.)(pr.3,p.)(m.p.nom.)( m.p.nom.)(m.s.loc.) (inf.) (pr.3,p.) 樂裡 14. Mattabbu sappurisa dighajivino ca sukhino ca bhaveyyum. 量樂 Mattabbu sappurisa dighajivi ca sukhi ca bhavati(m.p.nom.) (m.p.nom.) (m.p.nom.) (ind.) (m.p.nom.) (ind.) (opt.3,p.) 量樂 15. Sabbabbu Tathagato dhammena manusse anusasati. 切來 sabbabbu Tathagata dhamma manussa anusasati(m.s.nom.) (m.s.nom.) (m.s.ins.) (m.p.acc.) (pr.3,p.) 切來 122

15.7. 利 1. 了了 sassu malahi ca phalehi ca pujesi deve / devatayo(f.s.nom.) (f.p.ins.) (ind.) (n.p.ins.) (ind.) (aor.3,s.) (m.p.acc.) (f.p.acc.) Sassu malahi ca phalehi ca deve/ devatayo pujesi.2. suriyassa rasmiyo obhasenti lokam(m.s.gen.) (f.p.nom.) (pr.3,p.) (m.s.acc.) Suriyassa rasmiyo lokam obhasenti.3. 裡亮裡亮 silam ca pabba ca loke obhasentu manussanam cittani(n.s.nom.) (ind.) (f.s.nom.)(ind.) (m.s.loc.) (imp.3,p.) (m.p.gen.) (n.p.acc.) silam ca pabba ca loke manussanam cittani obhasentu.4. 惡樂惡 asappurisa sace tvam karosi/ kareyyasi pubbam/ kusalam(m.s.voc.) (ind.) (s.nom.) (pr.2,s.)/ (opt.2,s.) (n.s.acc.) 樂tvam vindissasi/ vindeyyasi/ vindeyya sukham(m.p.nom.) (fut.2,s.) / (opt.2,s.) (n.s.acc.) Sace tvam asappurisa pubbam/ kusalam karosi/ kareyyasi, tvamsukham vindissasi/ vindeyyasi/ vindeyya.5. samana ca isayo ca kavayo ca pujita sappurisehi honti(m.p.nom.) (ind.) (m.p.nom.)(ind.) (m.p.nom.) (ind.) (m.p.nom.) (m.p.ins.) (pr.3,p.) Samana ca isayo ca kavayo ca sappurisehi pujita honti.6. 女了蓮女了蓮 Ammayo tasanam dhitarehi saddhim/ saha pattharimsu padumani pupphasane(f.p.nom.) (f.p.gen.) (f.p.ins.) (prep .) (aor.3,p.) (n.p.acc.) (n.s.loc.) Ammayo tasanam dhitarehi saddhim/ saha pupphasane padumanipattharimsu.123

7. 女裡了女裡了gayanta gitam kumara darikahi/ kabbahi saha salayam naccimsu(m.p.nom.) (n.s.acc.) (m.p.nom.) (f.p.ins.) (prep.) (f.s.loc.) (aor.3,p.) Gitam gayanta kumara salayam darikahi/ kabbahi saha naccimsu.8. 了了 Bhupatino amacca/ mantino bandhimsu ketavo setumhi ca tarusu/ rukkhesu ca(m.s.gen.) (m.p.nom.) (aor.3,p.) (n.p.acc.) (n.s.loc.) (ind.) (m.p.loc.) (ind.) Bhupatino amacca/ mantino setumhi ca tarusu/ rukkhesu ca ketavobandhimsu.9. Bhikkhu abhavi/ ahosi palentassa dipam bhupatino bandhu(m.s.nom.) (aor.3,s.) (m.s.gen.) (m.s.acc.) (m.s.gen.) (m.s.nom.) Bhikkhu dipam palentassa bhupatino bandhu abhavi/ ahosi.10. 了了 Vidu / Vibbu abhavum/ abhavimsu pabhuno(m.p.nom.) (aor.3,p.) (m.p.nom.) Vidu / Vibbu pabhuno abhavum/ abhavimsu. 六16.3. 1. Sattha bhikkhunam dhammam desento rukkhassa chayaya nisinno hoti.老 satthu bhikkhu dhamma desento rukkha chaya nisinna hoti(m.s.nom.) (m.p.dat.) (m.s.acc.) (ppr.m.s.nom.) (m.s.gen.)(f..s.loc.)(pp.m.s.nom.)(pr.3,s.) 老 2. Pubbani kattaro bhikkhunam ca tapasanam ca danam denti.諸行 22Pubba kattu bhikkhu ca tapasa ca dana deti(n.p.acc.) (m.p.nom.) (m.p.dat.) (ind.) (m.p.dat.) (ind.) (n.s.acc.) (pr.3,p.) 諸行 22 danam denti 124

3. Sace sattha dhammam deseyya vibbataro bhavissanti. 老 sace satthu dhamma deseti vibbatu bhavati(ind.) (m.s.nom.) (m.s.acc.) (opt.3,s.) (m.s.nom.) (fut.3,p.) 老 4. Bhupati dipasmim jeta bhavatu. 利 Bhupati dipasmim jetu bhavati(m.s.nom.) (m.s.loc.) (m.s.nom.) (imp.3,s.) 利 5. Pita dhitaram adaya viharam gantva sattharam vandapesi. 女了老禮了Pitu dhitu adaya vihara gantva satthu vandapeti(m.s.nom.)(f.s.acc.) (ger.) (m.s.acc.) (ger.) (m.s.acc.) (aor.3,s.) 了女禮了老 6. Vibbataro loke manussanam netaro hontu / bhavantu. 領 Vibbatu loka manussa netu hoti / bhavati(m.p.nom.) (m.s.loc.) (m.p.gen.) (m.p.nom.) (imp.3,p.) 領 7. Sindhum taritva dipam gantaro sattuhi hata honti. 殺 sindhu taritva dipa gantu sattu hata hoti(m.s.acc.) (ger.) (m.s.acc.) (m.p.nom.) (m.p.ins.) (pp.p.s.nom.) (pr.3,p.) 殺 8. Betuno katham sotaro uyyane nisinna suriyena pilita honti.領論裡 betu katha sotu uyyana nisinna suriya pilita hoti(m.s.gen.) (f..s.acc.) (m.s.nom.) (n.s.loc.) (pp.m.p.nom.) (m.s.ins.) (pp.m.p.nom.) (pr.3,p.) 領論裡 9. Vinetuno ovadam (advice) sutva bandhavo sappurisa abhavimsu / ahesum. 了Vinetu ovada sutva bandhu sappurisa bhavati / hoti(m.s.gen.) (n.s.acc.) (ger.) (m.p.nom.) (m.p.nom.) (aor.3,p.) 了 125

10. Datarehi dinnani vatthani yacakehi na vikkinitabbani honti.諸不 datu dinna vattha yacakehi na vikkinitabba hoti(m.p.nom.) (pp.n.p.acc.) (n.p.acc.) (m.p.ins.) (ind.) (grd.n.p.nom.) (pr.3,p.) 諸不 16.4. 利 1. 惡不樂樂惡不樂 Papakarino na bhavissanti sukhino dighajivino(m.p.nom.) (ind.) (fut.3,p.) (m.p.nom.) (m.p.nom.) Papakarino na sukhino dighajivino bhavissanti.2. 利利 Bhupati tassa parisaya saddhim hotu/ bhavatu jeta(m.s.nom.) (m.s.gen.) (f.s.ins.) (ind.) (imp.3,s.) (m.s.nom.) Bhupati tassa parisaya saddhim jeta hotu/ bhavatu.3. 諸老諸老 Buddho hoti devanam ca manussanam ca sattha(m.s.nom.) (pr.3,s.) (m.p.gen.) (ind.) (m.p.gen.) (ind.) (m.s.nom.) Buddho devanam ca manussanam ca sattha hoti.4. 說說 Tumhe hotha/ bhavatha vattaro saccam(p.nom.) (imp.2,p.) (m.p.nom.) (n.s.acc.) Tumhe saccam vattaro hotha/ bhavatha.5. 了了 Gehakarako/ Vaddhaki dadi/ adasi nattaranam velavo(m.s.nom.) (aor.3,s.) (m.p.dat.) (m.p.acc.) Gehakarako/ Vaddhaki nattaranam velavo dadi/ adasi.126

17.4. 1. Geham pavisantam ahim disva kabba bhayitva 了女 Geha pavisanta ahi disva kabba bhayitva(m.s.acc.) (ppr.m.s.acc.) (m.s.acc.) (ger.) (f.s.nom.) (ger.)Assani pavattenti roditum arabhi. 淚流了assa pavattenti roditum arabhati(n.p.acc.) (ppr.f.s.nom.) (inf.) (aor.3,s.) 了流淚女了 2. Tvam sappina ca madhuna ca sammissetva odanam bhubjissasi. 飯 Tumha sappi ca madhu ca sammissetva odanam bhubjati(s.nom.) (n.s.ins.) (ind.) (n.s.ins.) (ind.) (ger.) (m.s.acc.) (fut.2,s.) 飯 3. Mayam khiramha dadhim labhama. 酪 aham khira dadhi labhati(p.nom.) (n.s.abl.) (n.s.acc.) (pr.3,s.) 酪 4. Bhikkhu dipassa accim olokento Bhikkhu dipa acci olokenta 23(m.s.nom.) (m.s.gen.) (n.s.acc.) (ppr.m.s.nom.)aniccasabbam (perception of impermanence) vaddhento (developing) nisidi. 了aniccasabba vaddhento nisidati(f.s.acc.) (ppr.m.s.nom.) (aor.3,p.) 了 5. Papakari luddako dhanum ca sare ca adaya atavim pavittho. 惡獵林 Papakari luddaka dhanu ca sara ca adaya atavi pavittha(m.s.nom.) (m.s.nom.) (n.s.acc.) (ind.) (m.p.acc.) (ind.) (ger.) (f.s.acc.)(pp.m.s.nom.) 惡獵林 23 裡 abs.nom.() 了 127

6. Buddham passitva dhammam sotum patthenta nara Buddha passitva dhamma sotum patthenta nara(m.s.acc.) (ger.) (m.s.acc.) (inf.) (ppr.m.p.nom.) (m.p.nom.)dhammamcaritum vayamanti. 行力dhamma caritum vayamati(m.s.acc.) (inf.) (pr.3,p.) 力行 7. Ambumhi jatani padumani na ambuna upalittani (smeared) honti. 裡蓮不 Ambu jata paduma na ambu upalitta hoti(n.s.loc.) (pp.n.p.nom.) (n.p.nom.) (ind.) (n.s.ins.) (pp.n.p.nom.) (pr.3,p.) 裡蓮不 8. Balavantehi bhupatihi arayo parajita honti. 力 Balavantu bhupati ari parajita hoti(m.p.ins.) (m.p.ins.) (,m.p.nom.) (pp.m.p.nom.) (pr.3,p.) 力 9. Mayam cakkhuhi bhanumantassa suriyassa rasmiyo oloketum na sakkoma. 不 aham cakkhu bhanumantu suriya rasmi oloketum na sakkoti(p.nom.) (n.p.ins.) (m.s.gen.) (m.s.gen.) (f.p.acc.) (inf.) (ind.) (pr.1,p.) 不 10. Bhikkhavo Bhagavata desitam dhammam sutva諸說 Bhikkhavo Bhagavantu desita dhamma sutva(m.p.nom.) (m.s.ins.) (m.s.acc.) (m.s.acc.) (ger.)satimanta bhavitum vayamimsu. 念力了satimantu bhavitum vayati(m.p.nom.) (inf.) (aor.3,p.) 諸說力了念 11. Silavanta dhammam sutva cakkhumanta bhavitum ussahissanti. 力silavantu dhamma sutva cakkhumantu bhavitum ussahati(m.p.nom.) (m.s.acc.) (ger.) (m.p.nom.) (inf.) (fut.3,p.) 力 128

12. Gunavato bandhu silavatim pabham pucchi. 女了Gunavantu bandhu silavati pabham pucchati(m.s.nom.) (m.s.nom.) (f.s.acc.) (m.s.acc.) (pr.3,s.) 了女 13. Bandhuma balava hoti, dhanava bandhuma hoti. 力 Bandhumantu balavantu hoti dhanavantu bandhumantu hoti(m.s.nom.) (m.s.nom.) (pr.3,s.) (m.s.nom.) (m.s.nom.) (pr.3,s.) 力 14. Bhanuma suriyo manussanam alokam deti. Bhanumantu suriya manussa aloka deti 24(m.s.nom.) (m.s.nom.) (m.p.dat.) (m.s.acc.) (pr.3,p.) 15. Pabbavantiya yuvatiya puttho dhanava pabham vyakatum asakkonto 女不 Pabbavanti yuvati puttha dhanavantu pabha vyakatum asakkonta(f.s.ins.) (f.s.ins.)(pp.m.s.nom.)(m.s.nom.) (m.s.acc.) (inf.) (ppr.m.p.nom.)sabhayam 裡sabha(f.s.loc.)nisidi. 了nisidati(aor.3,p.) 不女裡了 17.5. 利 1. 淚年女裡淚年女裡santi assuni susuniya/ taruniya dhituya akkhisu(pr.3,p.) (n.p.nom.) (f.s.gen.) (f.s.gen.) (n.p.loc.) Susuniya/ Taruniya dhituya akkhisu assuni santi.2. 酪酪 Kassako vikkinati sappim ca dadhim ca vanijanam(m.s.nom.) (pr.3,s.) (n.s.acc.)(ind.) (n.s.acc.) (ind.) (m.p.dat.) Kassako sappim ca dadhim ca vanijanam vikkinati.24 deti alokam 裡 manussanam 129

3. (vatena) 了 25 了dipanam accini vatena naccimsu(m.p.gen.) (n.p.nom.) (n.s.ins.) (pr.3,p.) Dipanam accini vatena naccimsu.4. (bhamara / madhukara) 不不 Bhamaro / Madhukaro pupphehi samharati madhum na vihethento pupphani 26(m.p.nom.) (n.p.abl.) (pr.3,s.) (n.s.acc.) (ind.) (m.s.nom.) (n.p.acc.) Bhamaro / Madhukaro pupphani na vihethento pupphehi madhumsamharati.5. 拉來拉來 vasanta himavati isayo kadaci agacchanti/ upasavkamanti nagare(m.p.nom.)(m.s.loc.) (m.p.nom.) (adv.) (pr.3,p.) (n.p.acc.) Himavati vasanta isayo kadaci nagare agacchanti/ upasavkamanti.6. 念塞了念塞了 satimanta bhikkhavo pabbavantanam upasakanam desesum/ desayimsu dhammam(m.p.nom.) (m.p.nom.) (m.p.dat.) (m.p.dat.) (aor.3,p.) (m.s.acc.) Satimanta bhikkhavo pabbavantanam upasakanam dhammam desesum/desayimsu.7. Pubbavantanam manussanam honti gunavanta mitta ca bandhavo ca(m.p.gen.) (m.p.gen.) (pr.3,p.) (m.p.nom.) (m.p.nom.)(ind.) (m.p.nom.) (ind.) Pubbavantanam manussanam gunavanta mitta ca bandhavo ca honti/atthi/ bhavanti/ santi 27 .8. dhanavanto honti yasavanta vibbataro/ pabbavanta honti gunavanta(m.p.nom.) (pr.3,p.) (m.p.nom.) (m.p.nom.) (pr.3,p.) (m.p.nom.) Dhanavanto yasavanta honti, vibbataro/ pabbavanta gunavanta honti.25 了 26 pupphani tani 來 tani pupphani27 句句型 :A (Gen.) + B (Nom.) + be A B(A B )be 數 B130

9. sace pabbava bhikkhu vasati game manussa bhavissanti gunavanta(ind.) (m.s.nom.) (m.s.nom.) (pr.3,s.) (m.s.loc.) (m.p.nom.) (fut.3,p.) (m.p.nom.) Sace pabbava bhikkhu game vasati, manussa gunavanta bhavissanti.10. Cakkhumanta manussa passanti bhanumantam suriyam(m.p.nom.) (m.p.nom.) (pr.3,p.) (m.s.acc.) (m.s.acc.) Cakkhumanta manussa bhanumantam suriyam passanti. 18.6. 1. Amhakam dhitaro sattharam namassitum Veluvanam gamissanti. 女老禮林 Aham dhitu satthu namassitum Veluvanam gacchati(p.gen.) (f.p.nom.) (m.s.acc.) (inf.) (n.s.acc.) (fut.3,p.) 女林禮老 2. Amhehi katani pubbani ca papani ca amhe anubandhanti. 諸諸惡 Aham kata pubba ca papa ca aham anubandhati(p.ins.)(pp.n.p.nom.) (n.p.nom.)(ind.) (n.p.nom.) (ind.) (p.acc.) (pr.3,p.) 諸諸惡 3. Kulavanta ca candala (outcasts) ca amhesu bhikkhusu pabbajanti. 良 Kulavantu ca candala ca aham bhikkhu pabbajati(m.p.nom.) (ind.) (m.p.nom.) (ind.) (p.loc.) (m.p.loc.) (pr.3,p.) 良 4. Tumhehi ahatani civarani mama mata bhikkhunam pujesi 28 . 來了Tumha ahata civara aham matu bhikkhu pujeti(p.ins.) (pp.n.p.acc.)(n.p.acc.) (s.gen.) (f.s.nom.) (m.p.dat.) (pr.3,p.) 了來 28 pujeti civarani 裡 bhikkhunam 131

5. Dipassa accina aham tava chayam passitum sakkomi. dipa acci aham tumha chaya passitum sakkoti(m.s.gen.) (n.s.ins.) (s.nom.) (s.gen.) (f.s.acc.) (inf.) (pr.1,s.) 6. Aham tava na kujjhami, tvam me kujjhasi. 不 Aham tumha na kujjhati tumha aham kujjhati(s.nom.) (s.dat.) (ind.) (pr.1,s.) (s.nom.) (s.dat.) (pr.2,s.) 不 7. Mayam khiramha dadhi ca dadhimha sappim ca labhama. 酪酪 aham khira dadhi ca dadhi sappi ca labhati(p.nom.) (n.s.abl.) (n.s.acc.)(ind.) (m.s.abl.) (n.s.acc.) (ind.) (pr.1,p.) 酪酪 8. Dhabbam minanto aham taya saddhim kathetum na sakkomi. 量說不 dhabba minanta aham tumha saddhim kathetum na sakkoti(n.s.acc.) (ppr.m.s.nom.)( s.nom.) (s.ins.) (prep.) (inf.) (inf.) (pr.1,s.) 量不說 9. Uyyane nisinno aham nattarehi kilantam tavam apassim. 裡了Uyyana nisinna aham nattu kilanta tumha apassati(n.s.loc.) (m.s.nom.) (s.nom.) (m.p.ins.) (m.s.acc.) (s.acc.) (aor.1,s.) 裡了 10. Tava duhita bhikkhuno ovade thatva patino karunika sakhi (friend) ahosi. 女了Tumha duhitu bhikkhu ovada thatva pati karunika sakhi hoti(s.gen.) (f.s.nom.) (m.s.gen.) (n.s.loc.) (ger.) (m.s.gen.) (f.s.nom.) (f.s.nom.) (aor.3,s.) 女了女了 11. Yasmim padese Buddho viharati tattha gantum aham icchami. 裡裡 Ya padesa Buddha viharati tattha gantum aham icchati(m.s.loc.) (m.s.loc.) (m.s.nom.) (pr.3,s.) (adv.) (inf.) (s.nom.) (pr.1,s.) 裡 132

12. Kena ajja (today) navam (new) jivitamaggam na pariyesitabbam. 不 Ka ajja nava jivitamagga na pariyesitabba(m.s.ins.) (ind.) (m.s.acc.) (m.s.acc.) (ind.) (grd.n.s.nom.) 不來 13. Sace tumhe asappurisa lokam duseyyatha (pollute) 惡 sace tumha asappurisa lokam duseti(ind.) (p.nom.) (m.p.voc./ nom.) (m.s.acc.) (opt.2,p.)kattha puttadhitarehi saddhim tumhe vasatha? 裡女 kattha putta + dhitu saddhim tumha vasati(adv.) (f.p.ins.) (prep.) (p.nom.) (pr.2,p.) 惡女裡惡女裡 yo tena 14. Yo dhanava hoti, tena silavata bhavitabbam. Ya dhanavantu hoti, ta silavantu bhavitabba(m.s.non.) (m.s.nom.) (pr.3,p.) (m.s.ins.) (m.s.ins.) (grd.n.s.nom.) 15. Yattha silavanta bhikkhavo vasanti tattha manussa sappurisa honti. 裡裡 Yattha silavantu bhikkhu vasati tattha manussa sappurisa hoti(adv.) (m.p.nom.) (m.p.nom.) (pr.3,p.) (adv.) (m.p.nom.)(m.p.nom.) (pr.3,p.) 裡 16. Yasu mabjasasu aham suvannam nikkhipim ta cora coresu? 裡金了了Ya mabjasa aham suvannam nikkhipim ta cora coresu(f.p.loc.) (f.p.loc.) (s.nom.) (m.s.acc.) (pr.3,p.) 了金裡了了了金 17. Yassa maya yagu pujita so bhikkhu tava putto hoti. Ya aham yagu pujita ta bhikkhu tumha putta hoti(m.s.gen.)( s.ins.)(f.s.nom.)(pp.f.s.nom.) (m.s.nom.) (m.s.nom.) ( s.gen.)(m.s.nom.)(pr.3,s.) 133

18. Yasma so bhikkhusu pabbaji, tasma 29 sa pi pabbajitum icchati. 諸了 Ya ta bhikkhu pabbajati ta sa pi pabbajitum icchati(m.s.abl.) (m.p.loc.) (aor.3,s.) (m.s.abl.) (f.s.nom.)(ind.) (inf.) (pr.3,s.) 諸了 19. Yam aham janami tumhe pi tam janatha. Yam aham janami tumhe pi tam janatha(m.s.nom.) (m.s.ins.) (prep.) (m.s.loc.) (pr.3,s.) 20. Yasam itthinam dhanam so icchati tahi tam labhitum so na sakkoti. 女不 Ya itthi dhana ta icchati ta ta labhitum ta na sakkoti.(f.p.gen.) (n.s.acc.)(m.s.nom.)(pr.3,s.) (f.p.abl.)(n.s.acc.) (inf.) (m.s.nom.)(ind.)(pr.3,s.) 女不不女 18.7. 利 1. 福福 Amhakam putta ca nattaro ca hontu dighajivino sukhino(p.gen.) (m.p.nom.) (ind.) (m.p.nom.) (ind.) (imp.3,p.) (m.p.nom.) (m.p.nom.) Amhakam putta ca nattaro ca dighajivino sukhino hontu.2. 不不 taravo/ rukkha na chinditabba amhehi ca tumhehi ca honti(m.p.nom.) (ind.) (m.p.nom.) (p.ins.) (ind.) (p.ins.) (ind.) (pr.3,p.) Amhehi ca tumhehi ca taravo/ rukkha na chinditabba honti.3. 老了老了 Amhakam pabbava/ vibbu yasava acariyo/ sattha vacesi amhe dhammam(p.gen.) (m.s.nom.) (m.s.nom.) (m.s.nom.) (aor.3,s.) (p.acc.) (m.s.acc.) Amhakam pabbava/ vibbu yasava acariyo/ sattha amhe dhammamvacesi.29 Yasma tasma 不 134

4. Mama natta bhavissati tava savako(s.gen.) (m.s.nom.) (fut.3,s.) (s.gen.) (m.s.nom.) Mama natta tava savako bhavissati.5. Yo hoti silava so parajessati arim/ sattum(m.s.nom.)(pr.3,s.) (m.s.nom.) (m.s.nom.) (fut.3,s.) (m.s.acc.) Yo silava hoti so arim/ sattum parajessati.6. 裡說了女不裡說了女不 Ya sabhayam katkesi kabba sa na hoti mama bandhu(f.s.nom.) (f.s.loc.) (aor.3,s.) (f.s.nom.)(f.s.nom.) (ind.) (pr.3,s.) (s.gen.) (m.s.nom.) Ya kabba sabhayam katkesi sa na mama bandhu hoti.7. 裡裡 Yava aham nisidissami pasanasmim tava tvam nadiya nahayasi(adv.) (s.nom.) (fut.1,s.) (m.s.loc.) (adv.) (s.nom.) (f.s.loc.) (pr.2,s.) Yava tvam nadiya nahayasi tava aham pasanasmim nisidissami.8. 什不禮諸什不禮諸 Kasma tumhe ajja na agamittha geham vanditum samane(adv.) (p.nom.) (ind.) (ind.) (aor.2,p.) (n.s.acc.) (inf.) (m.p.acc.) Kasma tumhe samane vanditum ajja geham na agamittha9. 女女 Yada mata agamissati geham tada dhita dassati/ dadissati manayo(adv.) (f.s.nom.) (fut.3,s.) (n.s.acc.) (adv.) (f.s.nom.) (fut.3,s.) (m.p.acc.) Yada mata geham agamissati tada dhita manayo dassati/ dadissati.10. 了金了了金了了金了 maya dinnam tuyham suvannam tvam adadi kassa(s.ins.) (n.s.nom.) (s.dat.) (n.s.nom.) (s.nom.) (aor.2,s.) (m.s.dat.) Maya tuyham dinnam suvannam kassa tvam adadi.135

利讀利不理 (dhammajivi)136

137[] 利利 adv.prep.n.1. 不連 conj. pp.indeclinable interj. ppr. 不 inf. grd.連 ger. a./adj. 1 declension 數利 num. 什不論切 2. 類說 declinable 令 imp.mood opt. 2 六 pr.conjugation tense aor. 來 fut./f. 了 perfect past1.act./ parassapada不了 imperfect past2.mid../ attanopadacond. 見 act./ parassapada voice pass. 例 v.abyakaroti 不說 n.abyakata a-vi-a + kar/kR + o + ti < abyakaroti pp. pref. root suf. ending 說 stem1. 不不 2. with/saddhimI go there with my teacher.3. 連 and∆ohn and Mary were good friends.4. alas -a/ -a/ -i/ -i/ -u/ -u/ -o/ -ar/ -as 5. // m./ n./nut./ 女 / f.6. 連 -tva / tvana / tuna / ya 數數 /s. /sg. 數 /p./ pl.7. 不 -tum / tuye / taye / tu 8. -tabba / ya / eyya / aniya9. V.10. 說理論說 137

138 利 [] 利 1. 類 2. 來 issa 3. -ya- iya- iya 4.e,-aya,-pe,-ape,-apaya 5.-sa 1.-aya,-iya, 6.-ya -aya, -ya, -a 7. 2. 不 1.-t, -nta, -mana, -ana2.-nta, -mana, -ana 3. 1.-ta 1 2 i -ita3 異 4 -n, -m, -r 2.-na 1 -g, -j, -d, -r 異 2 -4.-vat, -avin 了 -vas5 來 -i-tabba, -eyya, -aniya, grd. -ya, -taya, -tayya6. 來來 -t, -nta, -mana7. 連 -i-tva / tvana / tuna / ya 8. 不 -i-tum / tuye / taye / tu 1.-a, -aka, -ana,-tar, -i, -ti, -atha, -ma, -u 2.-in, -vin 3.-ra1.-yya, -ya1. 2. 1 -tta3.-ava 2 -ta 2.-maya 3. 數 -ka, -ika 4.-ya, -iya -i 不 5.-in, -avin, -mat, -vat6. 1 -a -a / -i 2 -aka -ika3 -ani4 -vat, -vant, -mat, -mant, -ssin, -vin, -in -i7. 數數 1 7 數 -ma 6080 -tama2 -ka 數 3 -i 數 8. 不度 9. -tara,-ra -ya,-iya-tama,-ma -ittha,-ssika,-sika10. 不 -tana 不 138

139 [] =[1] = 例 pacacook (pr.)aor. 來 (fut.) 令(imp.)opt. 了 (perf. p.)不了(imperf. p.)(cond. p.) 數act. 30 mid.s. p. s. p.3 pacati pacanti pacate pacante2 pacasi pacatha pacase pacavhe1 pacami pacama pace pacamhe3apaci, paci,apaci, paciapacimsu, pacimsu,apacum, pacumapaca, paca2 apaco, paco apacittha, pacittha apacise, pacise1 apacim, pacimapacimha, pacimha,apacimha, pacimhaapaca, pacaapacu, pacuapacivham,pacivhamapacimhe,pacimhe3 pacissati pacissanti pacissate pacissante2 pacissasi pacissatha pacissase pacissavhe1 pacissami pacissama pacissam pacissamhe3 pacatu pacantu pacatam pacantam2 paca, pacahi pacatha pacassu pacavho1 pacami pacama pace pacamase3 pace, paceyya paceyyum pacetha paceram2 paceyyasi paceyyatha pacetho paceyyavho1 paceyyami paceyyama paceyyam paceyyamhe3 papaca papacu papacittha papacire2 papace papacittha papacittho papacivhe1 papaca papacimha papaci papacimhe3 apaca apacu apacattha apacatthum2 apaco apacattha apacase apacavham1 apaca apacamha apacim apacamhase3 apacissa apacissamsu apacissatha apacissimsu2 apacisse apacissatha apacissase apacissavhe1 apacissamapacissamha,apacissamaapacissam apacissamhase 不不什 verb 句說說來句數參見 p.136 30 參見 p.136 利 139

140 利 [2] 略例 pacacook act.mid. s. p. s. p.(pr.)aor. 來 (fut.) 令 (imp.)opt. 了 (perf.p)不了 (imperf.p.)(cond.p.)3 -ti -nti -te -nte, -re2 -si -tha -se -vhe1 -mi -ma -e-mhe,-mahe,-mha,-mase, -mhase3 (a) -i / -i (a) -um/ (a) -imsu (a) -a (a) -u 2 (a) -o (a) -ittha (a) -ise (a) -ivham 1 (a) -im (a) -imha/ -imha (a) -a (a) -imhe 1 -issami -issama -issam -issamhe2 -issasi -issatha -issase -issavhe3 -issati -issanti -issate -issate3 -tu -ntu -tam -antam2 -a / -ahi -tha -ssu -vho1 -ami -ama -e -amase3-e,-eyya,-ya,-ye,-a-eyyum,-um,-eyya,-yu-etha,-eta,-atha-eram2 -eyyasi,-e,-eyya -eyyatha,-etha,-atha -etho -eyyavho1-eyyami,-yam,-eyya(m)-eyyama,-ma,-emu,-emasi-eyyam,-e-eyyamhe,-emase, -emasi3 pa-a pa-u pa-ittha pa-ire2 pa-e pa-ittha pa-ittho pa-ivhe1 pa-a pa-imha pa-i pa-imhe3 a-a a-u a-ttha a-tthum2 a-o a-ttha a-se a-vham1 a-a a-imha a-im a-mhase3a-issa, a-issa,a-issatia-issamsu a-ittha a-issimsu2a-isse, a-issa,a-issasia-issatha a-ittho a-issavhe1 a-issam a-issamha, a-issama a-issam a-issamhase(a)(a) - a-im -im îiiâaa[3] 類 aor.= 例 paleti/ palayati s. p.3 esi, ayi esum, ayum, ayimsu2 ayo ayittha1 esim, ayim ayimhâ140

141[4] 類 = 例 paccook 類數 1. / a 說 pres.2. m-a 3. ya4. no, nu, una數數s. 數p. 數s. 數p.5. na 3 -ti -nti -te -nte, -re6. o, yira 2 -si -tha -se -vhe7. uo e, aya 1 -mi -ma -e -mhe,-mahe,-mha,-mase,-mhase 例數 s. 數 p.3 (so) pacati He cooks. (Te) pacanti they cook.2 (Tvam )pacasi You cook. (Tumhe) pacatha You cook.1 (Aham) pacami i cook. (Mayam)pacama We cook.[5] 令狀 (1) 歷 (2) 理理 pres.(3) 來 (4) 來 (1) 歷 aor. (2) (1) 來歷來來 (2) fut. (3) 律 pres. 理更 (4) Katham hi nama 來異 (1) 句令 1 = 令令 2 = imp.(2) 句 opt.(1) 念 (2) opt. 令來 (3) pot. 來 141

142 利 [6] 來說 conjugation[1] 來 [2] 說理來 fut. issa 說 pres.pass.caus.-ya, -iya ,- iyadesid. -saintens. -yadenom.數pass.mid.s. p. s. p. -e,-aya,-pe,-ape,-apaya 3 -ti -nti -te -nte,-re1.-aya,-iya, -aya,-ya,-a2. 不 2 -si -tha -se -vhe1 -ami -ama -e-mhe,-mahe,-mha,-mase,-mhase[] =[1] (act./ parassapada) = 不不來 1 更句 = ¬ekhanam likhami 說 2 不句句來 = Puriso magge cavkamati不力路 3 不 1. 2. ati, adhi, anu, abhi, upa, pari1. Kumaro yane nisidi. 車2. 裡Raja kumaram yane nisidapesi.3. 車裡 so vibbhantacitto bhavati.4. 亂 so cittam bhaveti.5. 6. so agare vasati. 裡 142

143so agaram ajjhavasati.[2] = 利 2 2 3 2 數 3 4 狀理 (1) 1. (act./ parassapada) 1. (vt.)voices 2. (mid./ attanopada)2. 不 (vi.). 1. [1]2. 省略了不 [2] 數 (2) persons 利 3. -ti 邏若說句句數句 1. 數 (s.)(3) 數數類 1. 數 num.2. 2. 數 (p.)說數句 1. (pr.)(4) 2. (aor.)tenses3. 來 (fut.)(5) moods1. 說 (indicative)2. 令 (imp. / )3. (opt. / )4. (cond.) 理論說 . (1) (ppr.) -t, -nta, -mana, -ana143

144 利說不 (2) (pp.) -ta, -na(3) 來 (fpp./ grd. )-tabba,-ya,-eyya,-aniya,-taya, -tayya(4) 不 (inf.) -tum, -tuye, -taye, -tu(5) 連 (ger.) -tva, -tvana, -tuna, -ya(6) (agent nouns)-tar, -ka, -in, -vin,-da, -ga, -gu, -bu(7) (action nouns) -na,-a,-na,-tam,-ta,-ti,-tta[] 見 hoti karoti 理 [1] =(is / am / are / was / were / be / being / been / become)pr. 1 bhavatibhu 2 hotihu 3 atthias3 bhavati bhavanti hoti honti atthi santi2 bhavasi bhavatha hosi hotha asi attha1 bhavami bhavama homi homa asmi/ amhiasma / asmaamha / amha 2 hotihu1 2 3aor. 來 fut.3 ahuva/ ahuva ahuvu ahu/ ahu ahum ahosi ahesum2 ahuva/ ahuvo ahuvattha ahu/ ahu ahosi1ahuva/ ahuvasimahuvama/ahuvamhabhuahumahumha/ahumhaahosim asahesumha3 abhavi/ abhi abhavum/ bhavimsu asi asum/ asimsu2 abhavattha asi asittha1 abhavim/ abhavi asi/ asim asimha/ asimhabhu3 bhavissati bhavissantihessati/ hehissati/hohiti/ hossati/hehiti/ hehiti/ heti2 bhavissasi bhavissatha hohisi/ hehisi/ hesi1 bhavissami bhavissamahessami/ hessam/hohami/ hehami/ hemihubhu hu ashohinti/ hehinti/hentahessatha/ hohitha/hehitha/ hethahohama/hehama/ hema3 bhavatu bhavantu hotu hontu atthu santubhavatha/ 令 2 bhava/ bhavahihohi hotha ahi atthabhavathaimp. 1 asmi / amhi asma/ amha3bhu hu ashuveyya/huveyyum/bhaveyyum hupeyya/siya/ assaheyyumheyyabhaveyya/bhave144siyum/ assu/siyamsu

145opt.2 bhaveyyasi bhavetha1bhaveyyambhaveyyama/bhavemahuveyyasi/heyyasihuveyyam/heyyamihuveyyatha/heyyathahuveyyama/heyyamasiya/ assasiyam/assamassathaassama/assu3 abhavissam abhavissamsu 2 abhavissa pr.3,p. bhavamahe fut.3,s. hessateabhavissa, bhavissa;imp.2,s. bhassu aor.3,s. ahuvatthacond. 1 abhavissa, abhavissa:imp.1,p. bhavamase aor.1,p. ahuvamhaseabhavissati, ahavissa opt.3,p. bhaveraminf. = bhavitum / hetuye / hotum grd. = bhavitabba / bhavaniya /ger. = bhavitva / hutva / hutvana/ bhaviyana / hotabba /-bhuyya/ -bhutva/-bhotabba/ bhabba/ -bhaviya-bhotva/ -bhotvana pp. = bhuta/ -hutappr. = samana / bhavant / bhavanta/ ppr. = -bhavamana / -bhunamanamid.Honta / -bhonta / -bhunanta (pass.) pr. 3,s. -bhaviyati / -bhaviyate / -bhuyati / bhuyate / -bhayyatippr.= -bhaviyamana / bhayamana (cond.)opt. 3,s. bhavayati / bhaveti 3,s. bhavesiaor.opt. 3,s. bhavaye3,p. bhavayimsuppr. = bhavayant / bhavayanta / bhaventa grd. = bhavaniya / bhavetabbapp. = bhavita ger. = -bhavayitva / bhavetvappr.(pass.caus.) = bhaviyamana inf. = bhavetumopt.3,s. -bhavapeti (cond.)[2] karoti < kar = to do (act.) (mid.) s. p. s. p. 3. karoti, kubbati karonti, kubbantikubbate, kubbante (kare),kurute kurunte2. karosi, kubbasi karothakubbase, kubavhe,(pr.)kuruse kuruvhe1. karomi, kummi karoma kubbe, karekubbamhe,kurumhe 來 (fut.)1.2.3.karissami, kassami,kasam, kassam,kahamikarissasi, kahisi,kahasikarissati, kassati,kahiti, karihiti,kahatikarissama,kassama,kahamakarissatha,kahathakarissanti,kahinti,kahanti145karissare

146 利令 (imp.)(opt.)(aor.)(inj.)3. karotu karontu, kubbantu kurutam kubbantamkarassu,kurussukuruvho2. karohi, kara karotha1. karomi karoma kubbe3.kareyya, kubbeyya,kubbaye, kuriyakayira, kayira2. kareyyasi, kayirasi1. kareyyam, kayirami3.2.1.2.akara, akara, akaakari, akari, kariakasiakara, akaro,aka, akarakari, akasiakaram, akam,karim, akasim (ppr.) =ma karima kasi / ma akasikareyyum,kayirumkareyyatha,kubbetha,kayirathakareyyama,kayiramaakarum, akara,akamsu,akarimsa,akaru,akarimsu,akasumakarattha, akattha,kattha, akarittha,akaritha, karittha,akasitthaakarama,akaramhaakamhaakasimhama karitthakaront, karontakubbant, kubbantakarant, karantakubbetha,kayiratha,kayirathakubbeyyaakarattha,akubbathaakarasekubbamase,karomaseakaramhase,akaramhasakubbamana, kubbanakaramana, karanakurumana 來 (fut.p.) = karissant, karissanta, karissamana, karissana(cond.) 3,s. akarissa (pt.pf.act) = katavim (pt.pf.act) = kata, kata, -kkhata, -kkhata (grd.) = katabba, kattabba, karaniya, kariya, kayira, kayya, kicca連 (ger.)不 (inf.)= katva, katvana, karitva, kariya, katuna, kattuna, -kacca= katum, kattum, ( karanaya), kataye, katave (pass.)kariyati, kariyati, 說 (pres.) 3. kariyyati, kayyati,kayyati, kirati 來 (fut.) 3. kariyissati(pr.) 3. kareti 令 (imp.) 2. karehi, karaya 來 (fut.) 1. karessam, karayissami (aor.) 1. karesim (caus.) 146

ppr. =3.karesi, akaresi,akarayikarenta/ karayamanaakarayumpp. = karita grd. = karetabba, -kareyyager. = karetva, kariya, (karitva) inf. = karetum (caus.) (pr.) 3,s. karapeti pp. = karapita 令 (imp.) 1,s. karapessami grd. = karapetabba (aor.) 3,s. karapesi ger. = karapetva 147. 不 inf.[] 不 -i - tum / tuye / taye -e /-tu / -tave/ tase[] 不不句 toV. 不 31 不 (1) in order to V.(2) 不 m + -kama例 Idha puriso agaccheyya rajagaham gantukamo M., 5 裡來了 (3) [] [1] =icchati arahati Ko tam ninditum arahati.A., 29labhati pahotisakkoti kappati arabhati okasam karoti [2] = bhabba kappa sukara 易 dukkara [3] = alam kallam labbhasakka 31 不 [1][2][3][4][5] 立不句 147

148 利 [] 句句A O.2 V.2 O.1 V.1 不 V. 句句 A 了 V.2 V.1A V.1 便 V.2[] 不 [] (participle) (part) 來句句利理類 pp. ppr.[1] be [2] 句數句數 [3] 數數 [4] = 1 2 來 tathagatabuddha-nta, -mana, -ana[1]-ta[2]-na 來 -i grd. -tabba,-eyya,-aniya,-ya, -taya, -tayya 來 -t, -nta, -mana,-anavat, -avin 了 -vas 來 -t, -nta, -mana148

149[1] [2] 數 [] 立 absolute = 立句不 agent 立來理見 [1] absolute genitive 句 = gen. gen. 數 a1 V.1 a 2 V.2 B V.gen. pp./ ppr.gen. gen. pp./ ppr.gen. nom. V. 句句句1. 裡來句句句不理論句說 2. a1 V.1a2 V.2 B V. a1 V.1a2 V.2B V.[2] absolute locative 句 1. 句 = loc. loc. 數 a1 V.1 a 2 V.2 B V.loc. pp./ ppr.loc.loc. pp./ ppr.loc.nom. V. 句句句句句2. 率 [1] 狀句 = 句狀 1. when/ while/ as2. although[2] 句 = 句 1.because2. 若 if149

150 利 [] 來 fpp./ grd. =[1] -i-tabba, -eyya, -aniya, -ya, -taya, -tayya[2] grd. 來令 is to be ; ought to beshould becan be could bemay be might be 例 1. Imassa pana bhasitassa katham attho datthabbo.M., 69 說論了 2. Idam te khaditabbam idam te na khaditabbam.(M.,460) 不 [3] (1) 來數 (2) 來來例 Anumabbeyyam kho aham anujanissami, patikkositabbam ca patikkosissami.M., 158(3) 來句 atthi, hoti [4] 不 (1)1 來例 Tathagatassa thupo katabbod., 142 來 2 了不兩例 Theratarena bhikkhuna navakataro bhikkhu namenasamudacaritabbo. d., 154 年年 (2) 不 1 不來 2 來 bhabbo, abhabbo 來 3 mabbati 來 1 不來 2 數 [] 連 ger. 不 =150

151[1] 連 -i -tva / tvana / tuna / ya [2] 1. 來連連串 2. 連句數 s. , havingpp. , V. . ˙avingpp. , s.V. . 句利連例句 havingpp. (1) having+pp. 句連句連 (2) having(3) pp. 利不不裡 (4) having+pp. 立句立 (absolute)[3] (1) 連隸例 Upasavkamitva ayasmantam anandam amantesi.d., 137(2) 例 1 連 2 連例 Atha kho Bhagava kumbhakaravesanam pavisitva ekam antam tinasantharakampabbapetva nisidi pallavkam abhujitva ujum kayam panidhaya parimukhamsatim upatthapetvaM.,, 238 念 (3) 連來列例 disvana ghara nikkhamitva paccugantva hatthato pattam gahetva gharam pavisitvaghatiya odanam uddharitva pattam puretva ayasmato mahakassapassa padasi.( 說 22 ) 離了葉 151

152 利 (4) 連 adaya, gahetva, anvaya, upadaya,paticca, agamma,mubcitva, thapetva, arabbha, upanissaya 連 patthaya 例例 Kim etam paticca vuttam.M., 361 什理說 daharakalato patthaya. 年 (5) 連不例 ¬ekhanam likhitva pesesi. [] =[1] case 句利數類類 gender1. / masculine2. neuter3. 女 / feminine數 1. 數 singularnumber 2. 數 pluralcase1. nomination 2. / accusation to3. instrumental by, with, through,in4. / dative to, for5. / ablative 來 from, due to, than6. genitive of, among7. / locative in, on, at, about8. vocative O[] 1. nom.(1) agent(2) Be 利 Be 省略 (3) (4) yena nom.tena 句 (5) iti152

1532. acc.(1) (2) 行 motion(3) (4) (5) greetingsimprecations(6) 說 (7) 不 (8) n.s.acc. 來句類 1.2.3. ins.(1) 狀 =(2) 句 agent=(3) 連 saddhim(4) samannagata avivitta (5) 理 atthenakaranenaavgenapariyayena 理惡 (6) (7) 狀 (8) (9) aparena samayena tena samayena kalena kalam abbena abbam 異異 (10) 離不 abbatra vippayogo 離 (11) 度量 (12) by = with=4. dat.(1) 了 deti khamati 令 dat.dharati dat.dat.kuppati 怒 sapati pakkhayatidat.patubhavati dat.deseti paccassosum upatthahati aroceti dat.pihayati 153

154 利句 1= a 令 B B aa B piyamanapabeV.hoti nom. dat.nom.例 asant ' assa piya honti 惡 piyam.p.nom. asanto句 2= anom. atthayadat. 了 a (2) dat. inf.(3) 禮 (4) 不 alam dat. 了 alam me 不了 (5) abhabba 不不 dat.(6) kalodat.kalo5. abl.(1) 1. 2. (2) to abl. s.(3) asma abl. 不 kasma tasma yasmatasma (4) 離離 vivicca(5) 來 bhayam(6) 異 (7) 1 .3 .5 . 離 7 . yaya9 .1542 .4 .6 .8 . ud-ttha10 . 句 = aacc. Babl.11 . 句 = aacc.abl.(8) 不 abl. = abbatraadhoakara 離 param6. gen.(1) (2) 句 = agen. Bnom. be a B 數 (3) gen.be (4) (5) 1. 2. ==

155(6) (7) 不連 a gen. 北 7. loc.(1) 狀 on, in, at, into, amongtimelocationsituation(2) 論 (3) aboutin the case ofwith referance to(4) = loc.pl. magadhesu 行 (5) 立狀 (6) (7) 行行 8. voc.155

156 利 [] declension= 率見 1 2 3 4 -a -a -a -ar -u m. n. f. m.例 Buddha phala vanita 女 satthtar 數 s. p. s. p. s. p. s. p.1. nom.o,e2. acc. am3. ins.4. dat.5. abl.6. gen.7. loc.8. voc.ena,a,asaaya,assa,aa,amha,asma,atoassa,aya,ae,amhi,asmim,asia,a,e,oa,ase,oe,anebhi,ehi,eanamebhi,ehi,atoanamesuaam,eamena,a,asaaya,assa,aa,amha,asma,atoassa,aya,ae,amhi,asmim,asia,a,ama,aniani,e,oebhi,ehiaamaya,aa,ayoa,ayoabhi,ahianam aya anamebhi,ehi,atoaya,ato,atoabhi,ahianam aya anamesuani,aayam,ayae,a,aaaramara,unau,uno,ussaara,uu,uno,ussaa,aroare,aroarebhi,arehiaranam,anam,unamarebhi,arehiaranam,anam,unamasu ari aresua,ayo,iyoa,aaro156

157 5 6 7 8 -ar -u -ar -u -i -i m. f. m. n.例 Pitar Matar Aggi Atthi 數 s. p. s. p. s. p. s. p.1.i,ayo, i, i,nom. a aro a aro iiyo, im iniino2. acc. aram3. ins. ara4. dat.u,uno,ussa5. abl. ara6. gen.u,uno,ussa7. loc. ari8. voc.a,aare,aroarebhi,arehi,ubhi,uhiaranam,anam,unamarebhi,arehi,ubhi,uhiaranam,anam,unamaresu,usuaramara,uyauya,tuara,uyauya,tuaro a,a,eari,uya,uyamaro,arearebhi,arehi,ubhi,uhiaranam,anam,unamarebhi,arehi,ubhi,uhiaranam,anam,unamaresu,usuimaro i,einaino,issa,eina,imha,isma,itoino,issa,eimhi,ismim,ini,e,oi,ayo,iyoîbhi,îhi înam îbhi,îhi înam îsu i,ayo,iyo îi i înaminam inam ûu u ûnamunam unam im,iinaino,issa,eina,imha,isma,itoino,issa,eini,imhi,ismim,e,oi,imi,iniîbhi,îhi înam îbhi,îhi înam îsu i,ini157

158 利 9 10 11 12 -i -i / -in -i -u f. m. f. m.例 Bhumi Pakkhi Kumari 女 Garu 老數 s. p. s. p. s. p. s. p.i,u,1. nom. i, i,i, i, iyo, u, avo,iyo, iiino i ayo, o uyo,myoryouno2. acc. im3. ins.4. dat.5. abl.iya,myaiya,myaiya,mya,ito6. gen. iya,mya7. loc.8. voc. i,iiyam,iya,o,ayam,myam,ui,iyo,myoibhi,ihiinamibhi,ihiinamisui,iyo,myoinam,iminaino,issaina,imha,ismaino,issaini,imhi,ismimii,inoibhi,ihiinamibhi,ihiinamisui,inoim,iyamiya,ryaiya,ryaiya,rya,ito,itoiya,ryaiyam,iya,ryam,ryaii,iyo,ayo,ryoibhi,ihiînam,îyanam ibhi,ihiînam,îyanam îsu i,îyo,ayo,ryo î i i înaminam inam ûu u ûnamunam unam um,unamunauno,ussa,uuna,u,umha,usma,utouno,ussa,uumhi,usmim,uniuu,avo,uyo,unoûbhi,ûhi ûnam ,unnamûbhi,ûhi ûnam ,unnamûsu u,avo,ave,uno158

159 13 14 15 16 -u -u -u -u n. f. m. f.例 Cakkhu dhenu Vidu ∆ambu 數 s. p. s. p. s. p. s. p.u,u,u, u, uno, u, u,1. nom. uuuniuyo u uno, u ûyo uvo2. acc. um3. ins. una4. dat.uno,ussa5. abl. una6. gen.uno,ussau,uniubhi,uhiumuyau,uyoubhi,uhiunam uya unamubhi,uhiuyaubhi,uhiunam uya unamumunauno,ussauna,umha,usma,utouno,ussau,uno,uno,uvoubhi,uhiumuyau,ûyo ubhi,uhiunam uya unamubhi,uhiuyaubhi,uhiunam uya unam7. loc.umhi,usmimusuuyam,uyausuumhi,usmim usu uya,uyamusu8. voc. uu,uniuu,uyou,uu,uno,uno,uvo î i i înaminam inam ûu u ûnamunam unam u,uu,ûyo 159

160 利 17 18 19 20 -vant(u) / -mant(u) -nt(a)ppr. -an -an m. m. m. n.例 Gunavantu Gacchant(a) Attan ˚amman 數 s. p. s. p. s. p. s. p.m,a, anto,nto,a, a, a,1. nom.nto,aanto antantaano am anito2. acc.3. ins.4. dat. 5. abl.6. gen.7. loc.8. voc.am,antamata,antenaato,antassaata,antaantamha,antasma,antatoato,antassaati,ante,antamhi,antasmimam,â ,antaanto,anteantebhi,antehiatam,antanamantebhi,antehiatam,antanamantesuanto,antantam,tamta,ntenato,ntassata,ntantamha,ntasmato,ntassati,nte,ntamhi,ntasmima,nta,mnto,ntentebhi,ntehitam,ntanamntebhi,ntehitam,ntanamntesunto,ntaanam,amna,enano,assana,asma,amhano,assane,ni,amhi,asmima,aa,anoehi,ûhi anam,unamehi,ûhi anam,unamesu,ûsu a,anoa,amana,una,enano,assauna,amha,asmano,assaani,amhi,asmima,ama,aniebhi,ehianamebhi,ehianamesua,ani18 料 ppr. 女 =+ -nti / -mana =-nti = 3 -i 女 -mana = 11 -a 女 160

161 例 21 22 23 24 -an -as -us -o m. n. n. m.例 rajan manas ayus go 數 s. p. s. p. s. p. s. p.1. nom. a ano2. acc.3. ins.4. dat.5. abl.6. gen.7. loc.8. voc.anam,amrabba 32 ,ina,enarabbo,rabbassa,inorabba,amha,asmarabbo,rabbassa,inorabbe,rabbi,amhi,asmima,aanorabbahi,ûhi ,ehirabbam,unam,anamrabbahi,ûhi ,ehirabbam,unam,anamusu,esuanoo,amo,amasa,enaassa,asoasa,a,amha,asmaassa,asoasi,e,amhi,asmimo,am,aa,ania,aniebhi,ehianamebhi,ehianamesua,aniu,umu,umusa,unaussa,unousa,unaussa,unousi,uniu,umu,uniu,uniubhi,uhiunam,usamubhi,uhiunam,usamusuu,unigo,gonogavam,gavum,gonamgavenagavassagâva ,gâvamha ,gâvasma gavassagâve ,gâvamhi ,gâvasmim go,gonogavogavo,gonegohi,gobhi,gavehigavam,gunnam,gonam,gonanamgohi,gobhi,gavehigavam,gunnam,gonam,gonanamgosu,gâvesu gavo32 不 raj- i i naminam inam u u namunam unam 161

162 利 [] =六 [1] = amha tumha 數 s. p. s. p.amhe,tvam,1. nom. ahammayam,tuvam,tumhevayamtam2. acc.mam,mamam3. ins. maya,me4. dat.5. abl. maya6. gen.7. loc. mayimama,mayham,mamam, memama,mayham,mamam, meamhe,amhakam,asme, noamhebhi,amhehiamham,amhakam,asmakam, noamhebhi,amhehiamham,amhakam,asmakam, noamhesu,asmasu162tvam,tuvam,tam,tavamtvaya,taya,tetuyham,tumham,tava,tavam, tetvaya,tayatuyham,tumham,tava,tavam,tetvayi,tayitumhe,tumhakam, votumhebhi,tumhehitumham,tumhakam, votumhebhi,tumhehitumham,tumhakam, votumhesu me, no, te, vo 不句不 ca, va, eva [2] =tatahe / it/ shethat m. n. f.數 s. p. s. p. s. p.1. so,sa te2. tam,nam3. tena 4. tassa5. tamha,tasma,tato6. tassa7. tamhi,tasmimtetebhi,tehitesam,tesanam,nesam,nesanamtebhi,tehitesam,tesanam,nesam,nesanamtesutam,tad,se,tadamtam,tad,se,tadamtani,tetani,tesatam,namtena tebhi,tehi tayatassatamha,tasma,tatotassatamhi,tasmimtesam,tesanam,nesam,nesanamtebhi,tehitesam,tesanam,nesam,nesanamtesutassa,tassaya,tissa,tissayatayatassa,tassaya,tissa,tissayatassam,tissam,tayam,tasamta,tayota,tayotabhi,tahitasam,tasanamtabhi,tahitasam,tasanam eta taeesotasu

163[3] = ay / i ay / ithis / these m. n. f.數 s. p. s. p. s. p. ayam imamimina,anenaimassa,assa,imissaimamha,imasma,asmaimassa,assa,imissaimamhi,imasmim,asmimimeimeimebhi,imehi,ebhi,ehiimesam,esam,imesanam,esanamimebhi,imehi,ebhi,ehiimesam,esam,imesanam,esanamimesu,esu[4] = asu / amuidam,imamidam,imamimina,anena,aminaimassa,assa,imamha,imasma,asmaimassa,assa,imamhi,imasmim,asmimimaniimaniimebhi,imehi,ebhi,ehiimesam,esam,imesanam,esanamimebhi,imehi,ebhi,ehiimesam,esam,imesanam,esanamimesu,esuayamimamimayaimassa, assa,imissaya, assaya,imayaimayaimissa, assa,imissaya,assaya,imayaimissam, assam,imissa, imasam,imayam asu / amuthatso-and-so m. n. f.ima,imayoima,imayoimabhi,imahi,imasam,asam,imasanamimabhi,imahi,imasam,asam,imasanamimasu數 s. p. s. p. s. p.1. asu,amu amu,amuyo adum amu,amuni asu amu,amuyo2. amum amu,amuyo adum,amum amu,amuni amum amu,amuyo3. 4. 5. 6. 7. amunaamussa,adussa,amumha,amusma,amussa,adussa,amumhi,amusmimamubhi,amuhiamusam,amusanamamubhi,amuhiamusam,amusanamamusuamunaamussa,adussa,amumha,amusma,amussa,adussa,amumhi,amusmimamubhi,amuhiamusam,amusanamamubhi,amuhiamusam,amusanamamusuamuyaamuya,amussaamuyaamuya,amussaamuyam,amussamamubhi,amuhiamusam,amusanamamubhi,amuhiamusam,amusanamamusu163

164 利 [5] = ya yawhowhatwhich m. n. f.數 s. p. s. p. s. p.1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. yo ye yam,yad,yeyam ye yam,yad,yeyena yebhi, yenayehiyassa yesam, yassayesanam,yamha,yasmayassayebhi,yehiyesam,yesanam,yamha,yasmayassayani,yeyaya,yayoyani,ye yam ya,yayoyebhi,yehiyesam,yesanam,yebhi,yehiyesam,yesanam,yayayaya,yassayayayaya,yassayabhi,yahiyasam,yasanamyabhi,yahiyasam,yasanam7. yamhi,yasmimyesuyamhi,yasmimyesuyayam,yassamyasu[6] = sabba 切 sabba 切 m. n. f.數 s. p. s. p. s. p.1. sabbo sabbe sabbam sabbani sabba sabba,sabbayo2. sabbam sabbe sabbam sabbani sabbam sabba,sabbayo3. sabbena sabbebhi, sabbena sabbebhi, sabbaya sabbabhi,sabbehisabbehisabbahi 4. sabbassa sabbesam, sabbassa sabbesam, sabbaya, sabbasam,sabbesanamsabbesanam sabbassa sabbasanam5. sabbamha, sabbebhi, sabbamha, sabbebhi, sabbaya sabbabhi,sabbasma sabbehi sabbasma sabbehisabbahi6. sabbassa sabbesam, sabbassa sabbesam, sabbaya, sabbasam,sabbesanamsabbesanam sabbassa sabbasanam7. sabbamhi, sabbesu sabbamhi, sabbesu sabbassam, sabbasusabbasmimsabbasmimsabbayam abba abbatara aparapara ubhaya 兩 katamakatara 什 164

165[7] = ka / ki ka / kiwhowhatwhich m. n. f.數 s. p. s. p. s. p.1. ko,ke ke kim kani kaka,kayo2. kam ke kim kani kamka,kayo3. kenakebhi,kebhi,kabhi,kenakayakehikehikahi4. 5. 6. 7. kassa,kissakamha,kasmakassa,kissakamhi,kasmimkesam,kesanam,kebhi,kehikesam,kesanam,kesukassa,kissakamha,kasmakassa,kissakamhi,kasmimkesam,kesanam,kebhi,kehikesam,kesanam,kesukaya,kassakaya,kassakaya,kassakayam,kassamkasam,kasanamkabhi,kahikasam,kasanamkasu[8] 不 =ka-ci / api /-canaever 論 ~= ka -ci / -api / -cana 不 1. 不 2. 不不類數 [] = 句類理 [1] (Personal Pronouns)例 [1] 利句 ahamtvamtad 不 [2] = 不 = 來行 165

166 利 [2] (demonstrative Pronouns)tadetadimam(1) (2) 類 tad/ sa 1 來落 2 來 so’hamthat I 3 來 (3) 類 etad/ esa; imam 來 (4) 數 [3] (Relative Pronouns)yo(1) → 行 → 串句句連 (2) 1 句句句 2 連句來說行句句串句句句句This is the man who wants to see you. 句說行 the man(3) 利句句句句立理行數句 (4) 裡 → 句 (5) 例 yo yoyam yamyatha yatha 論 (6) 行 → 來行Yo so satto (7) 不 yada, tadayattha, tatthayasma, tasmayadi, tada 若 yatha, tathatatha, yatha 便 166

167(8) yam that,what → 狀不 thanam etam vijjati yam(9) yad idam(10) yena 行句連句行 4. (Interrogative Pronouns)ko(1) tad(2) katamakatara 什數 sabbo(3)kathamkattha / kuttha 裡 kadakasma(4) 利句句不句 1 來 2 句來 3 kim 4 nu 不 nu kho 5. 不 kibci(1) 不不 1 →koci 2 →kibci 3 →kathabci 4 →kadaci 5 →katthaci (2) 1 不 → yo koci 論若 2 省略句 →yo yo 論 →yam yam 論 →yatha yatha 論 →yada yada 論 →yam yam yattha yattha 論 (3) na 不 na koci 167

168 利 sabbo 切 (1) →6. 不 taya, ka (2) abba abbatara aparapara ubhaya 兩 katama 兩 katara 兩 7. attansamam(1) 來句 attan,saka ,sa,samam, sayam 不 (2) attan1.→ 不 jiva 羅力 2.→ 不 1 . 不來 2 . → 來 8. samamsakasasamam sayam 不數 tadsamata 見 samam sayam 說 168

169 [] 類理 adj.-a(1) adj. noun 1 數 [1] (2) adj. noun n = 1. 數 p.2.3.s. = [2] [3] (1) (2) 連來 a.1n.a.2a.3(3) (1) =(2) 句 =(1) pp.[4] 類 (2) 數 sukham 樂[] = 數 -ka, -ika-ya, -iya-eyya, -era 不 [1] -ka, -ika-ya, -iya [2] -eyya [3] -ira, -era 169

170 利 [] = 類 (1) constructional(2) directional -maya -ima(3) temproal不 -tana(4) posessive -in, -avin, 不 -vant, -mant1. =2. =(5) intensive -a, -ya 行烈 (6) desiderative-sa-sa170

171 數 [] 數數 =數數數數數數1 eka pathama 21 ekavisati, ekavisa2 dvi dutiya 22 dvavisati, bavisati3 ti tatiya 23 tevisati4 catucatuttha,turiya,turiya24 catuvisati5 pabcapabca,pabcama25pabcavisatipannavisati,pannuvisati6 chacattha,catthamasattha26 chabbisati7 satta 27 sattavisati,sattabisati數8 attha 28 atthavisaekunatimsati,-ma9 nava 29ekunatimsa,數timsati,timsa,timsa,10 dasa 30timsam,tisacattarisa, cattalisa,cattarisa, cattalisa,11 ekadasa 401.cattarisam,cattalisam, 2.talisa,talisa,talisapabbasa, pabbasa,12 dvadasa數50 pabbasa,pannasa,pabbasam13 terasa,telasa -ma 60 satthi 數數 -tama14 catuddasa 數70 sattati, sattari 數數 -ma15pabcadasa,pannarasa, pannarasa80 asiti 數數 -tama16 solasa,sorasa 90 navuti17 sattadasa,sattarasa 100 sata18 atthadasa,attharasa 1000 sahassaekunavisati ,191 dasasahassa 數ekunavisa/nahuta 1 20 visati,visa,visasatasahassa /lakkha 洛 10 koti asavkheyya 數 addhatelasa-bhikkhusatani1250 1.1.2.2.數-ma171

172 利 [] 數 = 例(1) adj. X -ka,-ika duka/ 數 tika(2) pathami 數 -idutiyi(3)1. paroX 1. paropabbasam不 2. 數 2. anekaX數 anekasatani 數 (4)1.katama1. 1. 數 ta 1. kati 2.2. -i,p.(5) X-vidhaadj.tividha 類 X-dhaadv.tividhadigunam/ dviguna(6) 數 X -guna catugguna(7) 數 XX X X pabcapabca 都 (8) 數 Xkkhattum 度sakid/ sakim 度ekakkhatum(9) X-so, X-to ekaso/ekatodiso(10)kati/ kiva量 X-avata kittavata 度ettavata[] 數 = eka sg. dvi pl. m. n. f. .數 s. s. s. p.1. eko ekam eka dve2. ekam ekam ekam dve3. ekena ekena ekaya dvibhi,dvihi,dihi4. ekassa ekassa ekissa,ekissaya dvinnam,duvinnam5. ekamha,ekasma ekamha,ekasma ekaya dvibhi,dvihi6. ekassa ekassa ekissa,ekissaya dvinnam,duvinnam7. ekamhi,ekasmim ekamhi,ekasmim ekaya, ekissam dvisu,duvesu8. eka eka eke172

173eka pl. ti pl. m. n. f. m. n. f.數 p. p. p. p. p. p.1. eke ekani eka,ekayo tayo tini tisso2. eke ekani eka,ekayo tayo tini tissoekebhi, ekebhi, ekabhi, tibhi,tihi tibhi,tihi tibhi,tihi3. ekehi ekehi ekahiekesam ekesam ekasam tinnam, tinnam, tissam,4. tinnannam tinnannam tissannamekebhi, ekebhi, ekabhi, tibhi,tihi tibhi,tihi tibhi,tihi5. ekehi ekehi ekahiekasam ekesam ekasam tinnam, tinnam, tissam,6. tinnannam tinnannam tissannam7. ekesu ekesu ekasu tisu tisu tisu8. eke ekani eka,ekayocatur pl. pabca pl. ubho 兩 pl. m. n. f. 數 p. p. p. p. p.1. cattaro, cattari catasso pabca ubho,ubhecaturo2. cattaro, cattari catasso pabca ubho,ubhecaturo3. catûbhi , catûbhi , catûbhi , pabcahi ubhohi,ubhehicatûhi catûhi catûhi catunnam catunnam catassam, pabcannam ubhinnam4. catassannam5. catûbhi , catûbhi , catûbhi , pabahi ubhohi,ubhehicatûhi catûhi catûhi 6. catunnam catunnam catassam, pabcannam ubhinnamcatassannam7. catûsu catûsu catûsu pabcasu ubhosu,ubhesu ûu u(1) 218 = 數(2) 1990 kotii 數 = -i, f.s.(3) 100sata1000sahassalakkhaa 數 = -a,n.s./ p.(4) 數 = -a,m./ n.= -i,f.173

174 利 [] 不 adverb 理 [1] adv.na 1.2. 不no 1.2. 不3. 數 ma 不 nu hi 例kira,kila nanununa kho, ve, vata, have jatu [2] adv. (1) adv.1. acc.2. ins.1. 離度 acc.174puna 更apeva namaapeva api ca evam iva,va,viya eva,va su,sudam eka samayam uddham adho sakim 度abbamabbam 2. acc.. anto-nagaram saddhim,saha,samam,vina 不不 ins.abs. adv. 句 3. dat. 不 4. abl.1. 連不 ara,arakaavidureapuriabbatrarahita,rite,vinayavapatiapa 離不了離 santike,samipe pabhuti,patthaya,uddam 來 pubbe,pure puretaram param oram satthara saddhim 老 cirena kalena kalam atthayahitaya 了利 cirayaciramacc.cirassagen.araka savghamha 離 yava majjhantika-samayaoram chahi masehi 六 ito pubbe dighato 度 puthulato 度 samagga vyagga 不 tato param pitthito pitthito pitthito tasma kasma yasma 2. 不 5. gen. gen. 不 kissa divadivassa cirassa,cirassam 6. loc. 不 khane khane divase divase ajjatagge

175(2) 數 1. = 2. = 3. 度 = -da, -dani,-daci, -dacanam-hi loc.,-avad-ttha,-tra-him,-hibcanam,-dhi,-dha,-ham loc.-to abl.adv.-tha,-tham,-dha 類 ,-khattum-ti,,-avata 量 ,-to,-so(3) 連 sandhaya,arabbha nissaya,upanissaya agamma tada kada yada ekada tavad etarahimkattha,kutra,kuhim durato sabbattha 切 hettha tatha yatha 1.adv. 2.prep. 3. adv. 便abbatha kittavata 量 ettavata 量 kati kintiyoniso ekaso, ekato yavata tavata thapetva paticca sabcacca patisavkha 省 (4) 不 bhanebhanati [mid. pr.1,s.]mabbemabbati [pot.1,s.]abbadatthu ma 句說量不不 [1] ma 不 1. maaor. ma cintayitthado not worrydhA .122. maimp. ma ghatado not killb..4283. mapot. ma bhubjethalet him not eatmhvs254. mapr. anemi ma anemishall I bring it or notb..3345. mana masakkhimhawe would notVin.,23[2] 句 1. 不 nanatthi me dhanam 2. a- / an-3. na 不 na pinapinevana khoneva na pananot indeedna nosurely notna hicertainly notna jatunot at allna hi kudacanamnever indeed4. kuto / kutopana 更句來 175

176 利 []連 conj. [1] 連不連連 conj. 類例atha,atho cacacevacaca 若 apiapi no ce 若 vavava tena hi conj. api = 1. api cakibca hi2. pi = 1. sace; yadi; ce 若 puna 2. 3. pana conj.pureyenatenayasmatasmayatthatattha 裡seyyatha pi namayatha tathayathatathayathaevamyadatadayadaatha yavatavayavakivamtavayavaatha[2] 連 =(1) 連 1 句 2 說句串 / 連句來句句 (2) 句連 1 不句 2 連 = 句句行句句理串句句 (3) 句 = 句句yena vo anutire caritam so navguttham ganhatugen. nom. yena 句 so 句句句 so 行裡句句 = 行了句 . p.141 不兩 176

177[3] 連 ca va = 1 A BA ca B ca 2 若 A B ca va AA1 A2 A3BB1 B2 B3 A ca B ca A1 ca A2 A3 B1 ca B2 B3 A B[4] 利句連 ce;sace; yadi ce 不句句 33 = 1 句 if you listen, 句 you will understand. 2 句 if you were to listen, 句 you would understand. 3 句不來 if you had listened, 句 you would had understood.[]interj. interj. 類例sadhu heyagghe interj. je= areivgha,handa= aho vata=dhi,dhiratthuhe interj.alamacchariyamabbhutambho, ambhoayyeayyaehi 來 i imp.2,s.33 句 conditional clauses 句句 protasis 句 apodosis177

178 利 [] prep. 利不來 prep. 例anu = pabbajitam anupabbajimsu (1) acc. prep. upa = upanisitva patiagainst,to,toward bahi saddhim,saha,samam = Brahmuna samam (2) ins. prep. vina = vina kusala-kammena alam avidure 不 = gamassa avidure 不 (3) gen. prep.upari antarena atthaya pure hettha (4) abl. prep.(5) loc. prep.(6)gen. prep.(7)ger. prep.(8) abbatra,vina 了yava ara,araka 離 oram adhi bahi samipasantikasakasaatthaya=abbatra dhamma-cariyaya 了 =yava majjhantika-samaya param saha,samam upa para akarasammukhaabhimukhanidanamhetukalaaccayenathapetva, mubcitva, mubciya leaving,except,besides adaya,gahetvasandhaya,arabbha,abhisandayaanvaya,upadaya,paticca,agamma uddissapatthaya 來nissaya,upanissayasahitawithsampannawithgataregardingsampassamanafor the sake oftaking,withfrom abl. ger. acc.ati=beyond, over, intoadhi=above, upon,overanu=afterabhi=to, toward, intoupa=near, under, down,to, towardvi=separation, apart,distintion, distributionsam=tohether with, with178

179a=to, up, towardava=down, offpari=around, about [] 六離 =compounds / 1. dvanda-samasa 列 2. Tappurisa-samasa 3. ˚ammadharaya-samasa 4. Bahubbihi-samasa 不 5. Avyayibhava-samasa 不 6. digu-samasa 數數 [] 六離 =[1] = 連串列列 conj. ca 數 =(1) 數數 p. 數 (2) =n. s.例 =samanabrahmanam.p. 羅 pattacivaramn.s.(3) 數不數 (p.)例 =satta rattin-divaniseven nights and seven days hemanta-gimhisuin winter and in summer(4) 類數 p.例 =deva-manussagods and menAvga-MagadhaAngas and Magadhas例 = dasi-dasammaid servant and man servantputta-bhariyamson and wife (5) 數 s. 數 p.例 =ajelakam / ajelakagoats and sheepkukkuta-sukaram / kukkuta-sukaracocks and pigs[2] =b1b2b3 b n 179

180 利 (1)b b (2)gen.= 來 (3) = gen. 六 (4) b 數數 (5) (6)=例 =buddhavacanambuddhassagen.vacanamdighamaggodigho maggo 路 nom. 說 (7) dependent words =說 == 來 =例 1. -karakar 2. -karakar caus.3. -ggahaggah 4. -dharadhar 5. -patapat caus. 落6. -jiji 7. -gagam 行8. -gugam 行 9. -bbubba 10.- ( t ) thattha 立11.-jajan = kammakaro= kumbhakaro= candaggaho= dhammadharo= pindapado= sabbaji 切羅 = urago 行 = vedagu 羅 = sabbabbu 切 = dhammattho= yonijaA B [3] =A B B A /adj.例 =rajisirajan isithe sage who is a king[4] =Bahubbihi 例數不 180

181 句 (1) = =(2) = 1. 數 2. 來句 =/ / (3) = 3. 數來 4. 句理理理說例(1) -a, -i, -u 1. 2.-ka,-ika -a f.-a例 ehipassikadhamma 來六來 (2) f.-a -a(3) -an, -ar 1. -a2. -ika (4) -as -a(1) 不 -a -a 4. -in -i / -(2) -an,-ar -a 5. -ant -at(3) -as -o(1) = -ka,-ika(2) = -in(3) = -rupa 類 (1) =su-,du(r) - 例 sukata (kamma) noun = duddasa (dhamma) 見 (2) 不 (3)ittha,evam,tatha,sayama-, nir-,vi-, vigata-,apagata-, vita- 離 itthannama (samana)evamvimutta (bhagavant)nippitika (sukha) = 離樂 viraja (dhammacakkhu)=apagatakalaka (vattha)= 離 /181

182 利 (1) 數 (2) =(3) dvihatihapayata (sattha)= 兩 1. -in2. 3. adj. adv.n.s.acc.Pubbadakkhina (vidisa)=samgha+samghasamghasamghin 1. 不 m-kamo2. -kamo 不句 acc. gen.=taritukamopuriso 度=dassanakamoso 見=gantukamo manusso=so tumhakam dassanakamo 見 [5] = Avyayibhava a = 不不 vyayi vii 異不 bhava bhu 狀 (1) = n.s.acc. adv. / 不 / 例 ati balham yatha bhutamtoo muchaccording to nature(2) = 不 n. s.acc. adv.[6] 數 =digudvi+go 數例 =數 (1) = 數 p.(2) =n. s.例 salayatanam 六 catuddisa182

183 更 (pref.)gacchatigoes=a-gacchati goes backcomes 來 sav-gacchati goes with 行 apa-gacchati goes away 離 ud-gacchatiuggacchatini-gacchati goes downgoes up 狀 pref. 理 [] [1] 1 a 34 =2 ati =3 adhi =4 anu =5 apa = 例1. , 2. 不 ,agata = 3. , 4.a + pp.beyond ,across ,very much over ,on ,to ,in ,greatly after ,along ,according to away 離 ,off 離 ,from ,forth 6 api = on atikkamatiatigacchatiaticaratiatibhubjatiatibhavati=atibhoti= goes beyond = overcomes = transgresses = eats too much 量 = overcomes excellsadhigacchati = comes to adhiganhati = surpasses adhitthati = stands on 立 adhibhavati = concentrates =adhibhoti overcomes anugacchati = goes after ,follows anukaroti = imitates anubhavati = undergoes anu(g)ganhati = has pity on anubhavati = 領 anubhotiapacinati = picks from ,respects apanudati = drives away apaloketi = looks ahead apidahati = puts on ,covers up 34 若了不了 a 不見 p.136-137 183

184 利 7 abhi =8ava/ o=9 a =10 ud =11 upa =towards ,against ,over ,all around ,greatly down ,away 離 12 ni = down near ,back 離 ,to ,along ,all around ,completely out of ,away 離 ,up ,upwards on ,upon,up to ,near ,altogether abhikkamatiabhijanatiabhinandatiabhibhavati=abhibhotiavakiratiotaratiavajanatiagacchatiakiratiarocetiuddharatiugganhatiupagacchatiupatthahatinikkhipatinigacchatinigganhati= goes forward 行= knows fully = rejoices = overcomes = casts out = goes down = = goes back ,comes 來= strews over = speaks to 說 ,informs = lifts up = takes up ,learns ==goes to ,approaches stands near = lays down = goes down = restrains 13 nir = out,forth nikkhamatiniddisatinibbindatiniyyati= goes forth 行 = points out 說 = turns away ,becomes weary 離= goes out 14 pa =forth ,forward ,out 離 ,up ,greatly pakasatipakkamatipacchindatipagganhatipabhavati(= pahoti)=====shines forth steps forward breaks up stretches forth ,takes up 來proceedes from (gen.)15 pati =towards ,against ,back 離 ,opposite 立 patikkhipatipaccakkhatipaccetipatissunati= throws back ,rejects = speaks against ,refuses = comes back 來= , 諾184

18516para(=param)=17 para =18pari(=pali)=19 vi =20 sam=on to ,over,through on the further side ofon to ,over, through away 離 back 離 opposed to 立 aside beyond about ,all around ,away 離 ,off 離 ,completely all over asunder ,away 離 ,down without together ,along with ,fully para(n)kataparakkamatiparakkarotiparabhavatiparajetiparamasatiparikarotiparikilamatiparicaratiparijanatiparibhavatiparibhotipalibuddhativikirativigganhativicarativipassativibhavativibhotisamyubjatisavkhipatisavganhatisamsaratisabjanatisambhavati= sambhoti185= = 力==defeats 北 =touches ,=holds on to =====surrounds gets tired out 勞moves out knows accurately = ===========scatters about quarrels 論moves about sees clearly 例 sam-karotisam-s-karotisavkharotiputs togetherjoins together collects contains moves about continually 輪 knows well 了念arisesis prodused[2] 例21 ajjha = adhi+aajjhavasati = ajjhaseti = 樂 22 ajjho = adhi+o,o=ava ajjhottharati = 23 anupa = anu+paanupakhadati = anupabbajati = 24 anupari = anu+parianuparidhavati = anupariyati = 歷 25 anusam = anu+sam26 upasam = upa+sam27vya(bya)= vi+a(anusavgitoanusabcaratiupasamharatiupasamvasativyakarotivyapajjati= 行 )= = = = 說=

186 利 28 samabhi = sam+abhi samabhisibcati = 禮 29 sama = sam+asamaharati = (samagamo = )30 samud = sam+udsamukkamsati = samudeti = 31 samuda = sam+ud+asamudacarati = 行 (samudagamo = 來 )32 samupa = sam+upasamupeti = samupagacchati = sam-anu-passatisam-u-bhavatisamanupassatisees 見 samubbhavatiarisesis prodused 例= samubbhotiabhi-sam-bhavati abhisambhavati abhisambhotisam upa, para, pari para + kar -khar[] 33 antara= antaradhayatiantaradhapeti= = 34 anto = antovasati = = atthavgacchati = 35 attham 落 atthameti = 落 36 alam = alamkaroti = adorns 37 avi38 patu(=patur)39 pura40 tiro= 露見= 露avikarotiavibhavatipatu-karotipatu-bhavatipatubhotipatubbhavati= 弄說= 見==manifests 領 becomes manifest 更 == purakkharoti = puts in front,honours= 不見 tirokarotitirodhapeti(tirodhanamtirokarani= 惡= 惡 = 惡 = 惡 )[] :186

187[1] antara antaradhayatidisappears 不 [2] attha atthamgacchatigoes home sets[3] bhavati/ karoti -i / -idubbali-karotiweakenssacchi-karotirealizesvasi-bhavatigoes into the power ofsiti-bhavatibecomes tranquil[] =Comparison[1] = Comparison and Repetitious Emphasis 1. -tara , -ra -tama , -ma(1) 2. -ya , -iya -ittha , -ssika ,-sikakan =ja ==khudda=(kabba)=vuddha= 老=(kaniya,) kanittha=(jeyya,) jettha=kanittha=jettha(2) 不 (jir)=kalyana= =seyya=setthabhu =(siri)=bahu= =bhiya , bhiyya =1. ka-tama()ka-tara() 2. abba-tama() abba-tara() [2] = C A 數 A B 更 CA B C句 =句 =ABabl. / ins.C / C A 數 ABCgen. / [] =Repetitious Emphasis 利狀例187

188 利句 very 令惡怒諾 sandasanda saliyoabhikkantam bhante, abhikkantam bhante 了了 nassa asuci, nassa asuci ( 惡怒 ) 不不不 () yo yowhoever 論 Yatha yathatatha tathatuvam tvam 理論連 sandhi / junction[] 連 = =suffix 1suffix 2ending =(1) = r (p)pati (p)pati (t)tha (p)pati(t)thahatipatitthahati 立立 (2) n n= r n n nkaraniya karaniya例 rabjaniya rajaniya 令 [] 連 = 連易連聯連連 1. 連 1. 1. lopasarasandhi2. 2. adesa連2. 連 3. 3. agamavyabjanasandhi 4. 4. digha3. 連 5. 5. rassaniggahitasandhi 6. 6. dvitva4. 連 7. vomissakasandhi188

189[1] =1 4.2 2 3 4 5 6 連 -a -a -a-i -a -i1. a- a 3. i- i-e 5. -u e--i-o-e e-a -a-o2. -u a- a 4. -a u- u -i6.-i-u-i o- o-a -a-a -a3.1. -i a- a -i u- u-e-u-o-a4. a- a-i-u2. u- i-i1. -o o2. -e a- e3. -ii1. -i a- i2. -u i- u1. -â î-û- 例 udadhi+umiudadhomi eoâa/ a îi/ i ûu/ u-i -u a- va-i a- ya 2.a- va1.-o -ee- ve-i a- ya eg.anu+a-anvaanna- (sam-anu -a-gatasamannagata )-i -u2. a- va7 1. -i a- ya -o-e(eg.so+ahamsvaham / so’ham)g = puthu + evaputhug eva 1. t = tasma + ihatasmatiha 8 連 d = Saki + evasakid eva ( 離 ) m = tunhi + asinetunhimasine r = puna + idhagatopunar idhagato 來 2.yv==i-,e-u-,o-cha+imecha-y-imena+idamna-y-idampabca+uttaripabca vuttari 189

190 利 9 例 3. 連 =連 =ymrdtnh======ya + abbamya-y-abbam abba + abbamabba-m-abbam thambo + ivathambo-r-iva atta + atthoatta-d-attho 利ajja + aggeajja-t-agge ito + ayatiito-n-ayati ma + evam avocama-h-evam avoca 說=sa + upapilosaupapilo ()anu + esianuesiti + evatveva ( tu + evatveva)[2] = 例1. 不連 = dassana + kamodassanakamo 見2. -ti-ti = deva + tidevati 3. -pi-pi = tatra + pitatrapi 4. -5.6.- 連 - 連例不不律 = na + (p) pajanatinappajanati 不 vi + (b) banavibbana 識= tanha + (k)khayotanhakkhayo maha+ (p) phalamahapphala = vedana + (k) khandavedanakkhanda yatha + (k) kamamyathakkamam ==jayati + sokojayati soko tatiyamtatiyam buddhe yadi va + savakebuddhe yadi va savakejivantojivato dukkhamdukham [3] = 例1. 不 =2. 3. 類 =4.---r + k-kkh-r + t-tth-d + h-ddh==u (d) + pajjatiuppajjati du (r) + caritamduccaritam 惡行= ni (r) + kam-a-tinakkhamati 離 = ni (r) + tar-a-tinittharati 度= u (d) + har-a-tiuddharati = u (d) + han-atiuhanati 切 ni (r) + har-atiniharati 190

1915. -vv--bb-==ni (r) + veth-etinibbetheti (p) p + (v) vaj-atipabbajati [4] = 例 = sat + atthosadattho 利 = sat + dhammasaddhamma [5] =-m 例1. -m-mm = bhavam + atthubhavamatthu 2. -m-m 3. -m-m 拉 4.-meva y-my--mb- / -bb-====idam + apiidam pi abhinandum itiabhinandun ticakkam ivacakkam va 輪tvam + asitvam si = ekam idam + aham samayamekam idaham samayam ===tesam + evatesan yeva / tesambevasam + yogasabboga=samyoga yam +yad evayabbad eva [6] =m-m 例k, kh, g, gh, v - v = sam + kilesasavkilesa -m c, ch, j, jh, b - b = dhammam + cadhammabca t, th, d dh, n - n = sam + (t) thitasanthita 立t, th, d, dh, n - n = tam + dhanamtandhanam p, ph, b, bh, m - m = tam + mittamtammittam [7] = 連例1.= iti + adiiccadi -ti / -ti-ty-cc(p) pati + assasipaccassosi 了 -di -dy -jj = yadi + evamyajjevam 若 -dhi-dhy--jjh = bodhi + avgabojjhavga 191

192 利 -bhi-bhy-bbh= abhi + (u) + gacch-a-tiabbhuggacchati 2. -mh--mb = evam + hi soevab hi so 3. m==manopubba + gamamanopubbavgama ava + siroavamsiro 句 syntax[] 省略 =[1] 理句句理句 = 讀了句 = 句論說句理讀了句 [2] 理句不省省令句省 4 sigham tvam pesehi tam matu-santike.3 acc. adv. s.nom. imp.2,sg. acc.sg. 句句狀 1. 2. 省略裡 [3] 若句省 ahamdhammam saranam gacchami. [4] 不省 na tena (so) pandito hoti yavata (naro) bahu bhasati. 說了不句句 192

193[5] asbhu 省 lobho akusala-mulam (hoti). 不 nom. be akusala-mulam [6] asbhu 省車 idani pabca-mattani sakatasatani atikkantani (honti).n.p.nom. (pp.n.p.nom.) (be )pp. 句來 [] iti[1]iti 說 [2] 說 1.iti ti2.miti -n ti[3] iti1.2. evam [4] 句 iti / ti 數例 1.2.Idam dukkhan ti maya vyakatam. (d.,189 ) 說 Ayam dukkha-nirodha-gamini patipada ti kho maya vyakatam. (d.,489 ) 說 3. Ahetu apaccaya purisassa sabba uppajjanti pi nirujjhanti pi ti adiso va tesamaparaddham. (d.,180 )[] 句 =1. 句例 1. Anicca vata savkhara. 行 2. Tesam vupasamo sukho. 樂 2. adj.adv.= Tada tasmim game cattaro purisa mahantam rukkhamsigham chindim. 裡 193

194 利 3. voc. 不句句 1.2.vuso, imam temasam katiti iriyapathehi vitinamessatha.Kuhim yasi , upasaka 裡 4.5.adv.pron.interr. 句句句 1. Kim kathesi 說什 2. Apavuso, amhakam sattharam janasi 不識老 = Passatha nu tumhe, bhikkhave,mahantamaggikkhandham 見 6. imp. 句 imp. 句 = desetu bhagava dhammam. 說 7. 句 = ma,samma, idanaham viharam gantva theram disvaagato’mhi. 見老來 8. sace, yadi 連句 ce 不句 9.10.1. ma 句 2. na 句 1.321 2. 數 1.2. 數 saha, samam,saddhim adv. 句數數3. 不句4.prep. prep.= Yadi pana me parajayo bhaveyya,matam ne jivitaseyyo. 寧不 Ma pamadam anuyubjetha. 不 Musa na bhase, na ca majjapo siya. 不說不 so ca tvam ca ahab ca gamma gacchama.Te ca tumhe ca nadiyam nahayatha.1. Raja saha parisaya uyyanam agami.2. Ajjaham pabcahi bhikkhsatehi saddhim vihare yevanisidissami. 裡 = Tesu gacchantesu sabjayassa parisa bhijji. 離若裂了= ba si rajabhato ma bhante. 不不 [] 句 =[1] 句 (1) 句句 = Addasa Bhagavantam durato va agacchantam (M.,,2)194

195(2) (3) (4) 1.2.3.4. 來 silasampanno bhikkhu Gamagato puriso kammam akasi 了 Brahmacariyam adesayi so Bhagava nibbanogadhagaminam(A.,26 ) 了行 Ime hi cattaro therakarana dhamma (A.,23 )= ∆atapuriso kalam karissati1.2.4.Indriyesu guttadvaro bhikkhu nibbanassa santikehoti. 諸 Idha puriso agaccheyya ukkhittasiko. (M.,,377) 來 3. Padutthacittam batvana ekaccam idha puggalam.13 類 Buddhapamukho bhikkhusavgho. 說 391. Yo dhammam passati so Buddham passati 句利 2. Yam ekasmim thane khiram hoti tena raja yapeti. 1 句(M.,,343)=3. (5) 2 句anando yavatako ahosi kathasallapo tam sabbam=Bhagavato arocesi.4. 切 3 Yam akusalam tam pahinam. 31= 句不 [2] 句 =1. 句句句 1 句 yada, yava,yasmim samye 2 句 tada, tava, aha,tasmim samaye 1. Yada Bodhisatto okkamati atha uppanno obhasopatubhavati. (d.,12 )2. Yava imesam sattha atthasi tava ime sikkhapadamsikkhimsu. 老 195

196 利 3. Yasmim samaye olariko attapatilabho hoti,mogh'assa tasmim samaye manomayoattapatilabho hoti. (d.,199 )2. 句不 yada, yava , aha, pure1. Yada Bodhisatto matu kucchim okkanto hoti,pakatiya silavati Bodhisattamata hoti. (d.,12 )2. Papo pi passati bhadram yava papam na pacati. 句 119 惡祥 3. ˙anda mayam dhammab ca vinayab ca savgayamapure adhammo dippati dhammo patibahiyati. 律 = Ito eko navuto kappo yam Vipassi udapadi 句 ito ito = Ito satasahassamhi kappe uppajji cakkhuma.3.4.5.it is a long time since 1 句 citassam cirakalam,cirapatikam 2 句 =1. Cirapatikaham Bhagavantam dassanayaupasavkamitukamo. (d.,270 ) 了 2. Cirassam kho tvam upasaka imam pariyayamakasi yadidam idh'agamanaya. ( 說 13) 塞了來了 = Yab ca rattim Tathagato abhisambujjhati yab ca 1 句 rattim parinibbayati yam etasmim antare bhasati.(d.,24 ) 2 句來來論說什= etasmim antare 連來 = Atha kho Bhagava pubbanhasamayam nivasetvapattacivaram adaya savathim pindaya pavisi.(d.,178 )196

1976.7. 來 = 句了 1. Addasa kumaro uyyanabhumim niyyanto purisamjinnam (d.,23 ) 樂了老 2. Atha kho Bhagava sayanhasamayam patisallanavutthito yena Karerimandalo tena upasavkami.(d.,9 ) 了林 3. Ekam idhaham samayam Uruvelayam viharamiPathamabhisambuddho. (A.,20 ) 羅螺連 4. Acirupasampanno kho pana ayasma seniyo ekovupakattho appamatto atapi pahitatto viharanto(M.,,391) 不離逸力 1. Acirapakkantassa Bhagavato ayam antara kathaudapadi. (d.,9 ) 離不了 2. Atha kho Bhagava acirupasampanne ayasmanteRatthapale addhamasupasampanne Thullakotthiteyatha abhirantam viharitva yena savathi tenacarikam pakkami. (M.,,60) 羅不蘆行 8.1. Bhagava mam parinibbanakale evam aha. 說 = -ana 2. Rabbo abhisekadivase.kala, divasa, vassa, masa 9.1. sattahaccayena 了 2. Yava-jivam 197

198 利 10. 連 patthaya 1. daharakalato pathaya. 年 2. Param marana, pura aruna.[3] 句 =1. 句不 ti 說句來 = Pasamsa me agacchatu ti silam rakkheyya pandito.67 了 2. 句 1. badim gamissama sinayutum. 流 1 不 -na 2 2. Bhagavantam dassanaya upasavkami. 來 3. =attham 立 = bayidam brahmacariyam vussati janakuhanattham.28不了行 [4] 句 =(1) 句 yatha 類 yena yatra hi nama(2) 句 tatha, yava, sadhu 類 (3) 句 yatha (4) 來 yatra hi nama 來 yatha yatra hi nama (5) 句 yatha na ma 例 1. Pahoti Bhagava tatha dhammam desetum yatha ahab ca eva imam govatam pajaheyyam.(M.,,389) 說行 2. Raja kumarassa bhiyyoso mattaya pabcakamagunani upatthapesi yatha kumaro rajjamkareyya yatha na pabbajjeyya. (d.,23 ) 更不 3. sadhu bhante Bhagava Kitagirim bhikkhu pahineyya yathayam Kitagirismim avasosanthaheyya. 立 198

1994. Yava papo ayam devadatto alakkhiko yatra hi nama samanassa Gotamassa vadhayaparakkamissati. 律 , 度 ,196 惡不祥殺 5. Pesalanam bhikkhunam phasuviharaya ma papiccha savgham bhindeyyum. 律 ,,196 了行樂惡不 6. ˙anda mayam tatha viharam kappema tatha no viharantam Bhagava attamano assa.( 說 25)7. That'attanam niveseyya yatha bhuri pavaddhati. 句 282 力行 [5] 句 =(1) 句不 pi / api 不 ce (2) 句例 1. Chinno pi rukkho punar eva ruhati. 句 338 2. Bahum pi ce sahitam bhasamano na takkaro hoti naro pamatto gopo'va gavo ganayamparesam na bhagava samabbassa hoti. 句 19 逸不數祥 3. Yavajivam pi ce balo panditam payirupasati na so dhammam vijanati. 句 64 不了 [6] 句 =(1) 句 1 yathvadhikaranam opt. 2 yato 說 1. Yatvadhikaranam enam cakkhundriyam asamvutamviharantam abhijjhadomanassa papaka akusaladhamma anvassaveyyum tassa samvarayapatipajjati .(M.,,346) 惡不諸不 2. svagatam tesam yato me dhammam rocenti . 律 ,,200199

200 利 (2) 句來 1. Titthatu esa bhante katha yaya mayam etarahikathaya sannisinna .(d.,179 ) 論論 2. Yato ca hoti papiccho ahiriko anadaro tato papampasavati. 34 惡惡 200

- 201aavh =be narrow=distressing=aks=attain=,aks =mutilate= 切 avg =move=,ac / abc =bend=aj =drive= 車旅行abj =anoint=at =wander= 流浪 ,at =wander= 流浪 ,ad =eat=an =breathe=,am =injure=,ay =see li=arc / rc =shine=praise=arj =see rj/rbjart =see rtarh =deserve etc.=av =favor=, aw / avw = 1.attain=2.eat= as = 1.be = bu2.throw =, / ksipah =say= 說 / lac / bruaajch =tear=ap =obtain=ar =praise=as =sit=ii 1./ i / ay=go= ya gam gai 2./ inv / in=send=,ivg =stir=ich=see is 1.idh / indh =kindle =in / inv =see i 2.inaks=see naw 2.iyaks=see yajirajy=see rjiradh=see radh201il =be guiet=,is 1./ ich=seek=,=desire=2. =send=,ii =see i 1.iks=see=ivkh =swing=, ij =see ejid =praise=ir =set in motion=irsy =be jealous=iw=be master=is / es =move=ih =be eager=, 切uu =proclaim=uks 1.=sprinkle=2. / uks / vaks=grow =see vaks

199uc =be pleased=uch =see vas 1.ujh =forsake=ubch =glean=ud / und =wet =, ubj =force=, ubh / umbh =confine=,us=shine = 亮 see √vas 1.uurnu =see vr 1.uh 1.=remove=,離 , , 令離2.=consider=, , , rr/ rch =go / send=,rc =see √arcrj 1. rbj / arj =direct==stretch=,=attain=,2. =shine= 亮 ,rt / art =pursue=rd / ard =stir==dissolve=,rdh =thrive=rw (?) =harm=rs =rush=, =push=, eej / ij =stir edh =thrive kkatth =boast=kad =destroy=kan / ka =be pleased==enjoy=kam =love=, kamp =tremble=kal =drive =, =produce=, kas =scratch=,,kas = open=ka = see kankabks = desire=kaw = appear= 露 =make a show=kas =cough=ku = see kukuc / kubc=shrink=,=curl=kubj = rustle= / kutt =divide=, 立=crush=, kunth =dull=, kuth =stink=,kup =be angry=kus =tear= 裂 ku =design=,kuj =hum=kud / kul=burn=kun = shrink=kurd = leap=exult=kr (skr). 1.=make = ,2./ kir=scatter=3.= commemorate= 念krt 1. =cut= 切 2. =spin=, krp =lament=krw =be lean=krs = drag = 拉=plough=klp =be adapt=knu =wet=, kraks =crash=krath = be jubilant=krand(kland) = cry out=kram =stride=kri =buy=krid =play=kru =be rough== raw=krudh =be angry=kruw =cry out=krud =thicken=, klath =turn=kland =see √krandklam =be weary=klav =stammer=klid =be wet=kliw =distress=kvan =sound=kvath =boil=ksad =divide=, 立ksan =wound=ksap =be abstinent=ksam = endure=ksar = flow= 流 ksal =wash=ksa =burn=,ksi 1. =possess=2./ ksi =destroy=ksip =throw=,ksu =sneeze=ksud =crush=ksudh =be hungry=ksup =be startled=199

200 利 ksubh =quake=ksnu =whet=, 刺 ksma =tremble=ksvid =hum=ksvel =play=khkhac =show through=, khabj =limp= 行khad =be hard=khan/ kha =dig =kharj =creak=khall =be relaxed=kha =see √khankhad =chew=khid =tear=, 拉 /khud =futuere=khel =stagger=, khya =see 見ggach =see √gamgad =say= 說gadh =attach=gabh =see √gahgam =gach =go=garj =roar=gard =exult=garh =chide=gal =drop=,galbh =dare=, ga 1. =go ,2. =sing=gah etc=plunge=gir / gil =see √gr 2.gu =sound=, gubj =hum=gunth =cover up=gup =protect=guph / gumph=twine= 捻gur =greet=gulph =bunch= 串 ,guh =hide= 來gurd =exult=, gurdh =exalt =, gr 1.=sing=2. /gir/gil=swallow=3. / jagr =wake=grdh =be greedy=grath/ granth =tie=grabh/ grah =seize=gras =devour=grah =see √grabhglap =see √glaglah =gamble=, gla=be weary= 勞ghghat =strive= 力 ghatt =rub etc.=, ghar =see √ghrghas =eat=ghut =turn=ghus =sound=ghurn =waver=ghr/ ghar =drip=ghrs =rub=ghra =smell=,ccak =quake=cakas =shine=caks =see= 見200cabc =dance=cat =go=cat =hide= 來can=be pleased=cand =see √wcandcam =sip=car =move=carc =repeat=, carv =shew=cal =stir=cay =note= 錄observe=, ci 1. =gather=2. =note = 錄=observe=,cit =perceive=, =know= 了 =appear=cint =think=cud =impel=cup =stir=cumb =kiss=cur =steal=culump =suck in=, cus =draw==suck 拉crt =bind=,cest =stir=cyu =move==stir=cyut=drip=chchad =cover=chand / chad =seem==please=cha =cut up= 切 chid =cut off= 切 chut / chud =wrench=

201chur =scatter=chrd =spue==ejectjjaks 1. =eat=2. =laugh=jagh =eat==devour= 狼 jajh=jabj=jan / ja =give birth=,=be born=jap =whisper=jam=jambh/ jabh=chew up==crush=jar =see √jrjalp =murmur=jas =be exhausted=jah =see √haja =see √janji 1. =conquer=,2. / jinv =quicken=jiv =live=jur =see √jrjus =enjoy=, ju =be swift=jurv =consume=jr 1./ jur=waste away = 浪 2. =sing=jrmbh =gape jeh =loll==pant=jba =know= 了 jya / ji =overpower==injure=jyut=shine=jri=go=jvar=be hot=, jval=burn==flame=jhjhat=confuse= 弄 jhan=sound=jhar=fall= 落 ttabk=cover=tal=be confused= 亂tik=trip= 旅行tup=swell=ddam=sound=damb=mock=di=fly=dval=mix= 亂dhdhauk=approach=ttavs/ tas =shake=tak =rush=,taks =fashion= 流行tabc / tac =coagulate=tat =clatter=tad =beat=, tan 1. / ta =stretch=2. =roar=201tand =be weary=tap =heat=tam =faint= 暈tark =think=tarj=threaten=tas =see √tavsta =see √tantay =stretch=ti =crush=tij =be sharp= 利 tim =be quiet=tir =see √trtu =be strong=tuc =impel==genrate=tuj =urge==thrust= 力 tud =push==thrust= 力 tur =see √trturv / turv =overcome=tul =lift==weigh= 量tuw =drip =tus =be content=turv =see √turvtr/ tir/ tur =pass=trd =split==bore=trp =be pleased=trs =be thirsty=trh =crush=tyaj =forsake=trap =be abashed=tras =be terrified=tra =rescue=trut =come to pieces=tvaks =fashion= 流行tvabg =leap=

202 利 tvac =cover=tvar =hasten=tvis =be stirred=tsar =approach==stealthily= 裡ddavw / daw =bite=davs =be wondrous= 不 daks =be able=dagh =reach to=dad =see √1.dadadh =see √1.dhadan =straighten= 弄 dabh / dambh =harm dam =contro=day =share=, 參 daridra =see √1.dradal =burst=, das / das =waste= 浪 dah =burn=da 1. / dad =give=2. / di =divide==share=,3. / di =bind=4. =clear=daw =make offering=das =see √dasdiv =play / see √divdiw =point= 利 ; ;; dih =smear=di 1. =fly=2. / didi =shine=diks =be consecrated=didhi =see √dhidip =shine=div 1. =play=2. / dev =lament=du / du =burn=, dudh =stir up=, dul =raise=dus =spoil=duh =milk==derive=du =see √dudr 1. =pierce= 刺 =split=2. =heed= 留 ,drp =rave= 亂 drbh =bunch= 串 , drw =see= 見drh / drvh =make firm= 牢dev=see √div 2.dyu =attack=dyut = shine=dram =run=dra 1. =run=2. =sleep=drad =split=dru =run=druh =be hostile= 不 dru =hurl= 力 dvis =hate=dhdhan =run=dhanv =run=dham/ dhma=blow=,dhav =flow= 流 dha 1. / dadh=put=2. =suck=202dhav 1. =run=2. =rinse=dhi / dhinv =nourish=dhi / didhi =think=dhuks =kindle=, dhu / dhu =shake=dhurv =injure=dhr =hold=dhrs =dare=dhma =see √dhamdhya =think=dhraj / dhraj =sweep=dhvavs / dhvas =scatter=dhvan =sound=, dhvr / dhur / dhru =injure=nnavw =see √naw 2.naks =attain=, nat =dance==pkay=nad =sound=, nand =rejoice=, nabh =burst=, 裂nam =bend==bow=nard =bellow=naw 1. =be lost=2. / navw =attain=nas =unite= 聯 ,nah =tie=nath / nadh =seek== aid=nivs =kiss=niks =pierce= 刺 nij =wash=nind / nid =revile=ni =lead=

203nid =nest=,nu 1. / nu =praise=2. =move=nud =push=nr =sport= 樂 , nrt =dance=ned =flow= 流 ppac =cook=paj =start=, pat =tear=, path =read= 讀pan =bargain=pat 1. =fly== fall= 落2. =rule=, path =go=, pad =go=, pan =admire=, paw 1. / spaw =see= 見2. =bind=, pa 1. =drink=2. =protect=, 3. =rise against=, pay =cacarepi / pi =awell==fatten=pinv =fatten=, pibd =be firm=, piw =adorn=pias =crush=pis =stretch=pi 1. =see √pi2. = see √piypid =press=, piy =abuse= 濫put =scale= 度puth =crush=pus =thrive=pu =cleanse= 弄 puj =reverence=puy =stink= 惡 pur =see √pr 1.pr 1. / prn/ pur =fill=2. =pass=, 3. =be busy= 碌prc =mix=prn =see √1.prprt =fight=prw / prs=pya =fill up=prach =ask=pratn =spread=pra =fill=pri =please=pru =flow= 流 pruth =snort=prus =sprinkle=pli =plu =float=plus =burn=, psa =devour= 狼 phphakk =swell=phan =spring=, phar =scatter=phal 1. =burst=2. =fruit=bbavh =make firm=bandh =bind=, bal= whirl=badh =oppress=budh =know=203=wake=bul =submerge=brvh/vrvh =roar , see √vrvhbrh 1. =make big or strong=2. / vrh =tear see √vrhbru =say= 說bli =see √vli bhbhaks =partake of= 參 , = eat=bhaj=divide==share=, 參 bhabj=break=, bhat=hire=bhan =speak= 說bhan =speak= 說bhand =be bright= 亮 bharts =revile=bharv =devour= 狼 bhal=perceive=bhas=bark=bhas =devour=,= 狼 bha =shine=bham =be angry= 怒 bhas =speak= 說bhas =shine=bhiks =beg=bhid =split=bhisaj =heal=bhi / bhis =fear=bhuj 1. =bend=2. =enjoy=, ,,

204 利 bhur =quiver=bhuraj=bhu =be=, , bhus =attend upon= 理=adorn=bhr =bear=, ; , , bhrjj =roast=bhyas =fear=bhravw/ bhraw=fall= 落 bhram =wander=bhraj =shine=bhri =consume=bhres =totter=mmavh / mah=be great ,, 練 , =be liberal=, ,, majj =sink=mabc =purify=man =sound=mand =deck=math / manth=shake=mad / mand =be exhilarated=man =think=mah =see √mavhma 1. =measure= 量2. =exchange=3. =bellow=marg =chase=mi =fix mi =damage see √mimiks =mix=migh =see √mihmith =alternate==altercate= 論mid / mind=see √medmil =combine=mis =wink=mih =mingere=mi/ mi =damage=mil =wink=miv / mu =push=muc / moks =release=mut =break=mud =be merry= 樂mus =steal=muh =be crawed=mu =see √mivmurch/ mur=thicken=mr 1. =die=2. / mrn =crush=mrks =stroke= / mrc =injure=mrch =perish=mrj =wipe=mrd =be gracious= 切 mrn =see √2.mrmrd/ mrad =rub==crush=mrdh =neglect=mrw =touch== feel=mrs =not heed=med/ mid =be fat=moks =see √mucmna =note= 錄myaks =be situated=mrad =see √mrdmrit/ mlit =dissolve=mruc/ mluc/ mlup =set=mred =gratify=mla =relax=mluc =see √mrucmlup =see √mrucmlech =speak barbarously= 說 yyaks =press on= / yach =see √yamyaj =offer=,;yat =stretch=yabh =futuere =yam / yach =reach yas/ yes=be heated=,ya=go=yac =ask=, , yad =unite= 聯 yu 1. =unite= 聯 2. / yuch =separate yuj =join= 連 yudh =fight=yup =obstruct= 塞yes =see √yasrravh =hasten=raks =protect=rabg =rock=rac =produce=raj 1. =direct= see √rj2. / rabj =color=, rabch =mark=, rat =howl= 怒 ranv =delight=rad =dig= / radh/randh=be/make subject= 易 , ran 1. =take pleasure= 樂 , 2. =ring=rap =chatter= 不 rapw =be full=raph =204

205rabh / rambh =take hold=ram =be or make content=ramb =hang down=rambh =roar=raw=ras=roar=rah=desert=, ra 1. / ras=give=2. =bark=raj =be kingly=radh =succeed=ras 1. =roar=2. =see ra 1.ri / ri =flow= 流 rich =scratch=ribkh / ribg =creep=ric =leave= 離 , 留 rip =smear=, riph =snarl= 亂ribh =sing=riw =tear=ris =be hurt=rih =lick=, , ri =see riru 1. =cry=2. =break=ruc =shine=ruj =break=ruth =torment=,rud =weep=rudh 1. =grow=2. =obstruct=rup =break=rus =be vexed , ruh =ascend=, rus =strew=rej =tremble==, red =deceive=rebh =see √vibhllaks =mark=lag =attach=labgh =leap=lajj =be ashamed=lap =preatee=labh =take =lam =take pleasure=lamb =hang down= 來lal =sport=las =derire=las = be lively=la =grasp= 牢labch =mark=likh =scratch=lip / limp =smear=liw =tear=lin =lick=li 1. =cling=2. =be unsteady= 不 lubc =tear=luth 1. =roll=2. / lunth=rob=lud =stir up=lup =break=lubh =be lustful=lul =be lively=lu =cut= 切 / / lok =look=loc =see consider=vvak =see √vabcvaks / uks =increase=vac =speak= 說vaj =be strong=vabc =move crookedly=vant =divide=205vat =parehend=vad =speak= 說vadh / badh =slay= 殺van / va=win=vand =greet=vap 1. =strew=2. =shear 切vam =vomit=val =turn=valg =spring=, valh =challenge=vaw =be eager= 切 , vas 1./ us/ uch =shine=2. =clothe =,,3. =dwell=vah =carry=, /, va 1. =blow=2. / viu =weave=,3. =see √vanvabch =desire=, ,vaw =bellow=vah =press=vic 1. =sift=, 濾2. =see √vyacvij =tremble=vid 1. =know=2. =find=vidh 1. =worship=2. =see √vyadhvindh =lack=vip / vep =tremble=viw =enter=vis =be active=vist / vest =wrap ,vi =enjoy etc=vij =fan=yajvid =make strong=vr 1. =cover=2. =choose=

206 利 vrvh / brvh =roar=vrj =twist=vrt =turn=vrdh =grow=, vrs =rain=vrh / brh =tear=ven =long=vell =stagger=vest =see √vistvyac / vic =extend=vyaj =see √vijvyath =waver=vyadh / vidh =pierce= 刺 vyay =expend=vya/ vi =envelop=,vraj =proceed= 行vrad/ wand =weaken=vran =sound=vrawc =cut up= 切 vradh =stir up=vrid =be abashed=vrud =sink=vlag / vlabg =pursue=vli / bli =crush=wwavs =praise=wak =be able=wabk =doubt=wat =cut in pieces= 切 wad 1. =prevail=2. =fall= 落 wap =curse=wam 1. / wim =labor= 勞 2. =be quiet=, 3. =note= 錄wal =leap=wax =leap=was / was =cut= 切wa / wi =sharpen= 利was 1. / wis =order=2. =cut= 切 see √waswiks =see √wakwibgh=snuff=wibj =twang=wip =be smooth= 滑wim =see wamwis =leave= 離 wi 1. =fall= 落 2. =lie=wuc =gleam=wuj =swell=wudh / wundh =purify=wubh / wumbh =beautify= 麗wus 1. =dry=2. =blow see √wva=wu/ wva / wvi=swell=wr 1. =crush=2. =see √wra3. =see √wriwrdh =be defiant=wcand / cand =shine=wcam=wcut =drip=wnath =pierce= 刺 wya / wi =coagulate=wrath/ wlath =slacken=wran =give=wram =be weary=wrambh =trust=,wra / 2wri / 2 wr =boil=wri / 3 wr =resort=,wris =see √wliswri 1. / wr =mix=2. =see √wra206wru =hear=wrus =hear=wlath =see √wrathwla =dissolve=wlagh =extol=wlis / wris =clasp=wvabc =spread=wvas / wus=blow=wva / wvi =see √wuwvit =be bright= 亮ssthiv =spew=ssaks=sagh =be equal to=sac =accompany=saj / sabj =hang= 來sad =sit=san / 2.sa =gain=sap =serve=sarj =creak=sawc =see √sacsas =sleep=sah =prevail=sa 1. / si =bind=2. =see √sansadh / sadh =succeed=si =bind=sic =pour out=, 說sidh 1. =repel=2. =succed=,si =see √sisiv / syu =sew=su =press out=sul=?subh / sumbh =smother=

207su / su =generate==enliven==impel=sud =put in order=, surks =heed= 留 , sr =flow= 流 , 流 ,, srk =be pointed=, , 利srj =send forth=,, , srp =creep=sev =attend upon=, 行 , skand=leap=skambh / skabh=prop=sku =tear=skr=see kr 1.skhal =stumble=stan =thunder= 雷 , 雷 stambh / stabh =prop=sta =be stealthy=stigh =mount=, stim / stim =be stiff=, stu 1. =praise=2. =drip=stubh =praise=str =strew=strh =crush=stya, sti =stiffen=sthag =cover=stha =stand=sna =bathe=,snih =be sticky=snu =distil=,spand =quiver=spaw =see √pawspurdh =see √sprdhspr =win=sprdh / spurdh =contend=sprw =touch=sprh =be eager=sphat =split=sphar =see √sphrsphal =strike=, spha =fatten=sphut =burst=sphur / sphul =see sphrsphurj =rumble= 隆隆 sphr / aphar / aphur / aphul=jerk etc.= 拉 smi =smile=smr =remember=syand/ syad=move on=sravs / sras=fall= 落 sridh =blunder=sriv =fail= 不 , sru =flow= 流 svaj / svabj =embroce=svad / svad =sweeten=svan =sound=, svap =sleep=svar =sound=,svad =see √svadsvid =sweat=, ;; , hhad =cacare ? ?han =smite=har =be gratified=has =laugh=ha 1. =leave= 離 2. =go forth=207has =go emulously=hi =impel=hivs =injure=hikk=sob= 咽hind =be empty=hid/ hel =be hostile=hu =sacrifice=, hur =see √hvrhu / hva =call=hurch =fall away=hr 1. =take=2. =be angry= 怒hrs =be excited= 刺 heth=hed / hel =see √hidhes =whinny ,hnu =hide= 來Hras =shorten 弄 , hrad =make a noise=, hri =be ashamed=hru =see hvrhres =neigh=hlad =refresh=hval =go wrong= 弄 hvr / hur / hru=be or make crooked=, 不 ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~William dwight Whiteny ROOTS, VERS-FORMS, andPRIMARY DERIVATIVES OFSANSKRIT LANGUAGE,London,1885.

208 利利類 agghto be worthy,to deserve avkto mark outaceto worship 禮 honour~ ; celebrate ; ajjto earnobtainabcto worship 禮 abchto draw 拉 to stretchatto roamatto go constantly 不 adto eataddto begadhi + ito studyatthto prayanto breatheayto goarahto be worthyavto protectasto eatasto siti to goikkh to see 見inj to move to shakeindh to take fireis (icch) to wishubch to glean 拾落 ; usuy to envy/uh to ponderej = to move=edh to growkavkh to doubtkaddh to drag 拉katth to praisekand to weepkampto shakekas to ploughkas to shineto coughkibc to hinderkilam to be fatigued..kuj to coo208

利利 210khanto digkhand to routkhamto suffer or bearkhato speak 說khadto eatkhito decaykhubh to be agitated~ ; trto shake ; gajjo roargad to say 說gam (gacch)to go / garahto disgracegavesto searchgadhto standgahto dive into//gilto swallowgupto protectto concealghatto make an effort 力to collectto gatherto be busy with 碌 cumbto kissjagghto laughjap to mutterjappto murmurto prattle 說 jambhto yawnbarjirto get old 老了jal, to shinejagar to keep awakejito winjivto liveto jumpjuto go / jutto shinejheto musetharto spreaddito flydamsto bitetacchto chiptacchto pareto cut/ / 切 / tapto shineto heattappto be satisfiedtarto crosstar, (tvar) to be hastytasto fear / tudto pierce 刺 to woundthato stay 留to standdadto givedahto bum 流浪 /damsto bitedato giveduhto milkdhamto blowdharto beto exist/ dhamsto fall down 落 / to perishdhato put210

209to beardhavto rundhovto washnaccto dancenatto dancenadto make a noisenandto be gladnandhto bindnamto bendnathto askto be master//nindto disgracenito lead 領nudto removepacto boilto cookpathto read 讀patto fall 落 pato protectto drinkpucchto questionpupphto blow (as a flower)pusto cherishpurto be full/ pluto floatto springpharto pervadephalto bear fruitphusto touchbandhto bindbadhto harassbudhto understand 了 brahto grow 利利 develop/bhabto associate 聯 bhabjto break down {}bhanto tellbhandto quarrelbhamto whirlbharto cherishbhasto speak 說to shinebhito fearbhuto becomebhusto adornmaggto searchmajjto sinkmathto churnto stirmaddto pressto crushmanthto churnmarto diemasto touchrmahto worship 參禮 mato measure 量mihto make waterto wetmilto close (as eyes) , ( )milto meet mucchto faintmujjto sinkmundto shavemus to hurtyaj to make an oblation209

利 210to give yatto attemptyamto checkyato goyacto begrakkhto protectrajto dyerabhto beginramto take delight in 樂 rahto quit 離 , rajto shineruto make a noiserujto painructo shinerusto get angryruhto growlavghto transgressto dry 弄 lajjto be ashamedlabchto marklapto speak 說labhto receiveto get lato take lihto licklubcto pluck 拉to pull 拉lulto stirvacto say 說vajto go/vattto be fitto roll vattto existto behave towardsvadhto torture210vandto bow down, vapto sowvamto vomitvarto covervasto dwellvass to rainvahto bear awayvato blowvicto separatevidto knowto regardvidhto pierce 刺 vij to fan, , veto weavesavkto doubtsajj to be attached tosad (sim) to sink downsanto make a noisesapto cursesappto creepsarto move to sound sarto remembersamsto praisesahto endureto suffersasto instructsito cling to, { }to depend uponsilaghto praisesuto trickle away 漏sucto grievesupto sleepsubhto be beautiful 亮sudto tricklesev to serveto associate 聯

211hadto emit excrementhanto kill 殺to beathamsto be delightedhasto laughharto take awayhato give uphindto walk about 路hiladto be gladhuto be to sacrificehveto call uponto evoke 類 katto cut 切 , chidto cut 切 , pisto grindbhidto breakbhujto eatmucto releaseyujto yoke 連 , ric to emptyrudhto hinderlipto smearlupto cut off 切 to plunder 掠 vidto feelto obtainhisto assault 利利類asto throwidhto prosper 隆kacto shinekato soundkilisto be afflictedto be soiled 弄 kudhto get angrykupto be agitatedto turn fiercekhato comprehend 了 khidto be depressed, 降 , khubto be agitatedgato singgidhto be greedygilato be sick 不 ghato smell, chidto be severed 切 jan (ja), to be bornjhato museto meditate / tapto be heatedto repenttasto be afraidtato protecttusto be gladdapto be proudchidto be cut off 切 211

利 212nasto vanishpadto go, to move budhto understand 了 bhasto go down 來to sinkbhidto be brokenmadto be maddenedmanto thinkto imaginesinanhato take a bathsinihto lovesivto sewsudhto be clean 弄 susto dry 弄 hanto be killed 殺har (hara)to be disgusted withhato decreasehirito be ashamed ofmidto be unctuous 滑 /to lovemucto be freemuhto swoon 暈to go astray 路 , 落yasto endeavour, 力yudhto fightravjto be attached torudhto desire (with prefix ana) ( ana)to restrain, rusto get angrylabhto be gotlisto be reducedlupto be cut off 切 vato blowvicto be separatedvidhto pierce 刺 to perforate, sajto stick tosamto be appeasedsamto dwellsato make thin or finesidhto be accomplished 類apto approachkhito decaygito call outvuto string 串 sakto be able, suto hearsambhuto lead to successhito send 類asto eatkito buy 碌gahto takecito collectbito conquerbajato know212

213thuto praisedhuto shake pito take delight in 樂 , puto purify~mito measure 量muto knowluto cut off 切 sito bind 類karto do or maketanto spread, manto thinkvanto begsakkto be able/ 利利 kathto say 說kappto be ableto be fit forkamto desirekalto sound, to countkittto expound 說 kuhto astonish, kottcutkhalto washkhumsto censure, ganto countganthto string together 串 gunthto cover, gundto powder 力ghatto attemptghattto touchghusto shoutcitto thinkcintto thinkcurto stealchaddto throw awaychadto cover 類 avkto markto countaccto honour,ajjto earnirto moveunto lessen213jhapto burn, , bapto cause to knowto pleasetakkto pondertajjto threatentalto beattijto sharpen 利 /tir to decidetulto weigh 量 ,thakto shutthanto roar

利 214thento stealthomto praiserupto plantrusto make angrydandto punishdisto expound 說 dharto bearto hold pacto digestpajto drivepandto destroyparto be ablepindto roll into a lump/ pesto send, pihto desirepil to maltreatpusto nourishpujto worship 禮 to offer/phalto split upbhakkhto devour 狼 bhajto resort tobhajto divide, bhusto decoratemakkhto smearmakkhto nib withmaggto seekmandto adornmantto discuss 論manto honour, missto mixmilto winkmucto set freelakkhto marklambhto deceivelalto play, to fondlelokto see 見to looklocto see 見vacto cause to read 讀vajjto avoidvabcto cheatvannto praisevannto describevarto choosevasto coverto dressvidto knowvidhto perforate, to penetratevethto coilsajjto decorateto preparesamto pacify, simsjto blesssilto studysucto indicatehiladato gladdenhilto disparagehethto afflict~to torment ~yatto attempt, yujto yoke, 連 racto composeructo please214

216 利利 () 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 -a -a -a -ar -u -ar -u -ar -u -i -i -i -i / -in -i -u m. n. f. m. m. f. m. n. f. m. f. m.例 Buddhaphala vanita 女 satthar pitar matar aggi atthi bhumi pakkhi kumari 女 garu 老數數數數數數數數數數數數數數數數數數數數數數數數數1. nom. o, ea,8. voc. a, e,oa,ase,oa2. acc. am e,an3. ins. ena,a,asaa,5. abl. amha,離 asma,ato4. dat. assa,6. gen. aya,aebhi,ehi,eebhi,ehi,atoaname,7. loc. amhi,esu asmim,asiam,ea,a,amamena,a,asaa,amhaasma,atoassa,aya,aa,aniani,aani,e,oebhi,ehiebhi,ehi,atoe,amhi,esuasmim,asiae,a,aamaya,aaya,ato,atoanam ayaayam,ayaa,ayoa,ayo,iyoa,ayoabhi,ahiabhi,ahianamaa,aa,aroaroaram are,aroara,unaara,uu,uno,ussaarebhi,arehiarebhi,arehiaranam,anam,unama aro a aro ia,aaram are,aroaraarau,uno,ussaasu ari aresu ariaro a,a,earebhi,arehi,ubhi,uhiarebhi,arehi,ubhi,uhiaranamanam,unamaresu,usuaram are,aroara,uyaara,uyauya,tuaro i,earebhi,arehi,ubhi,uhiarebhi,arehi,ubhi,uhiaranam,anam,unamari,aresu,uya,usuuyamiminaina,imha,isma,itoino,issa,ei,ayo,iyo,inoi,ayo,iyoi,ayo,iyoîbhi,îhi*îbhi,îhi*înam*imhi,ismim,ini, îsu*e,oi,imi,imim,iinaina,imha,isma,itoino,issa,ei,inii,ii,ini i,ii,iniîbhi,îhi*îbhi,îhi*înam ini,imhi,îsu*ismim,e,oimiya,myaiya,mya,itoiya,myaiyam,iya,o,ayam,myam,u î i i înaminam inam ûu u ûnamunam unam i,iyo,myoi,iyo,myoi,iyo,myoibhi,ihiibhi,ihiinamisuiiinam,iminaina,imha,ismaino,issaini,imhi,ismimi,inoi,inoi,inoibhi,ihiibhi,ihiinamisui,iiim,iyamiya,ryaiya,rya,ito,itoiya,ryaiyam,iya,ryam,ryai,iyo,ayo,ryoi,îyo,ayo,ryoi,iyo,ayo,ryoibhi,ihiibhi,ihiînam,îyanam îsu*u,ouum,unamunauna,u,umha,usma,utouno,ussa,uumhi,usmim,uniu,avo,uyo,unou,avo,ave,unou,avo,uyo,unoûbhi,ûhi*ûbhi,ûhi*ûnam*unnamûsu 216

利利 217 利 () 13 14 15 16 17 18* 1 19 20 21 22 23 24 -u -u -u -u -vant(u) / -mant(u) -nt(a)ppr. -an -an -an -as -us -o n. f. m. f. m. m. m. n. m. n. n. m.例 cakkhudhenuvidujambugunavantugacchant(a)** 數數數數數數數數數數數數數數數數數數數數數數數數數1. nom. u u, uni8. voc. u u,uni2. acc. um u,uni3. ins. una5. abl.離 una4. dat.6. gen.uno,ussaubhi,uhiubhi,uhi7. loc. umhi, usmim usuuuumuyauyaunam uyau,uyou,uyou,uu,uu,uno,uno,uvou,uno,uno,uvou,u,uyo um uno,uno,uvoubhi,uhiubhi,uhiuyamusuuyaunauna,umha,usma,utounam uno,ussaubhi,uhiubhi,uhiumhi,usmim usuu,uu,uumuyauyaunam uyau,ûyo*u,ûyo*u,ûyo*ubhi,uhiubhi,uhiuya,uyam usua,antoam,â ,antaam,antamata,antenaata,anta,antamha,antasma,antatounam ato,antassaati,ante,antamhi,antasmimanto,antaanto,antaanto,anteantebhi,antehiantebhi,antehiatam,antanamantesum,nto,toa,nta,mntam,tamta,ntenata,ntantamha,ntasmato,ntassati,nte,ntamhi,ntasmimnto,ntanto,ntanto,ntentebhi,ntehintebhi,ntehitam,ntanamntesuaa,aanam,amna,enana,asma,amhano,assane,ni,amhi,asmimattana,anoa,anoa,anoehi,ûhi*ehi,ûhi*anam,unamesu,ûsu*kammana,ama,ama,amana,una,enauna,amha,asmano,assaani,amhi,asmima,ania,ania,aniebhi,ehiebhi,ehianamesuaa,aanam,amraja* 2 ,ina,enarabba,amha,asmarabbo,rabbassa,inorabbe,rabbi,amhi,asmimrajananoanoanorabbahi,ûhi*,ehirabbahi,ûhi*,ehirabbam,unam,anamusu,esuo,amo,am,ao,amasa,enamanasa,ania,ania,aniebhi,ehiasa,a, ebhi,amha, ehiasmaassa,asoasi,e,esuamhi,asmimu,umu,umu,umusa,unausa,unaanam ussa,unousi,uniayusu,uniu,uniu,uniubhi,uhiubhi,uhigo,goNogo,goNogavam,gavum,goNamgavenagogavogavogavo,goNegohi,gobhi,gavehigâva*, gohi,gâvamha*, gobhi,gâvasma* gavehiunam,usam gavassausugavam,gunnam,gonam,gonanamgâve*,gosu,gâvamhi*,gâvesu*gâvasmim**1 18 料 ppr. 女 =+ -nti / -mana=-nti = 例 3 -i 女 -mana = 11 -a 女 *2 不 raj-q a ak i iû u u 217

218 利利數 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14. 15 16 17 -a -a -i -i / -in -i -i -u -u -u -u -ar -an -vant -ant -as -us -o-mant例 buddharupavanita女 aggiatthipakkhi hatthin bhumikumari女garu老 cakkhuvidu218dhenujambusattharpitar matarattanrajankamm-an(ppr.)gunavantgacchantmanas ayus 1. o am a i im i k k k u um g u g a a a a am (v)a am o u goiuano a (v)anto anto am um gono8.2.()3.5.離 4.6.7.eaaeoeaameaaieimiam am am im imienaaasaaasmaamhaatoassaayaaeasiasmimamhiayaaayaatoatoayaoi k k k uiminamimina ina iyayainaismaimhaitoissainoeayaayam iniismimimhieoinaismaimhaitoissainoiniismimimhiiyayaitoiyayaiyamoyamayamuoimiyam umunamiyayaiyayaitoitoiyayaiyayayamiyamumuumuog u g qum um um qramumamuna una uya uya q raunauusmaumhautoussaunouuniusmimumhiunausmaumhautoussaunousmimumhiuyautouyae unaqrauitouya uya ussaunouuyauyamuyauyamariqearam anaammarauyayaarauyayaitoyauyauayaariuyauyamyaq qamanaenanaasmaamhaatoassanonassaniasmimimhineq a ak i ig u u sathar anamamrabbainaenarabbaamhaasmarabborabbassainoammenqunaaanaaassaunone anini aniasmim asmimamhie(v)anta(v)am(v)q(v)antam(v)amataantenaataantaantasmaantamhaantassaatoatianteantasmimabtamhiatoamantoaantamatamoamaoamasaenaasaaasmaamhaatoassaasoasieasmimamhiuumgogogonouum qvamqvumonamusauna qvenausauna vavamhavasmausssunoavassausiuni âveâvamhiâvasmim

利利 219 利數 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14. 15 16 17 -a -a -i -i / -in -i -i -u -u -u -u -ar -an -vant -ant -as -us -o-mant (ppr.)例 buddhasattharkamm gunavanantgacch-rupa vanita aggi atthi pakkhi bhumi kumari garu cakkhu vidu dhenu jambumatar attan rajanmanas ayus go-an 女 hatthin 女老 pitar 1.aaseoaniaaayoiayoiyoinoiniiiinoiyoiyoikyoayoryouavouyounouniuuuvognouuvouyougyoâroaaroaaanoanoaaani(v)anto(v)antaantoantaaniauniugavo8.2.()3.5.離 4.6.7.aeanehiebhieehiebhiatoanamanaaniaanieaayoaayoahiabhiahiabhianamanaiavoiyoiayoiyoinikbhiihikhikbhiiniiiniiiinoiinokhikbhikhikbhiiyoiyoiyoiyoihiibhiihiibhiikyoayoryoikyoryoayoihiibhiihiibhiuavoaveunouavouyounoghigbhighigbhiknam knam inam knam gnamkyanam unnamuniuuniuuuvognouuvognoghigbhighigbhiuuvouyouuvouyoghigbhighigbhignam gnamugyougyoghigbhiaro aro aqroqreuunoeqrehiqrebhighigbhighi qrehigbhi qrebhighigbhignam qranamunamqnamunnamaroarearehiarebhighigbhiarehiarehbighigbhiaranamunamanamunnamanoaqnoehiebhighigbhinahiehighiunamanamanoaanoarabbahighiehirabbahighiehirabbamunamanamaaniaaniehiebhiehiebhi(v)anto anto(v)anta anta(v)anto(v)anteantehiantebhiantehiantebhianam antamantanamantoanteaniaanieehiebhiehiebhiuniuuniuuhiubhiuhiubhianam usamunamesu asu ksu ksu ksu ksu gsu gsu gsu gsu aresuaresuaresuasugsu gsu esu antesu esu gsu gosugqvesugsu gsu esu esuq a ak i ig u u sathar pitar gavogavogonegohigobhigavehigohigobhigavehigavamgunnamgonamgonanam219

利 – a-amha(-amhase) aor. 1 st .pl. : akamha -ana 1.m. n. f. pl.dat. gen. buddhana 2.ppr. stem karana= kubbana -aniya (niya) grd. stem gamaniya -attha(-ttha) 1.aor. 2pl. akattha 2.aor. 3sg. adattha ()-apaya- (-ape-) caus.stem karapaya-= karape--aya- (= -e-) caus. stem karaya- denom. stem kamaya- -aya f.sg.inst. abl. dat. gen. loc. kabbaya 女-aya- (= -e-) denom. stem piyaya -cca (-tya) ger. kacca 了 -ema (-emu) opt. 1pl. dakkhema 見-ena m. n. sg. inst. buddhena -etha opt. 3 rd sg., med. kubbetha -eyya 1.grd. stem labheyya=labbha 2.opt. 3sg. kareyya -eyyama opt. 1pl. kareyyama -ha- (-hi-) fut. stem kaha- hahi- -ima (-imha, -imha) aor. 1pl. labhima -imha (-ima) aor. 1pl. asihma -issa- fut. stem karissa- -ittha 1.aor. 2 nd .pl. asittha 2.aor. 3.med. pucchittha -iya-,-iya- (-iyya-) 1.pass. stem kariya, kariya 2.denom. stem samadhiya -iya(-iya-,-iyya-)1. pass. stem ganhiya ,ciya 2.denom. stem puttiya- -ma 1.pres. 1pl. karoma , gacchama 2.fut. 1pl. karissama 3.imper. 1pl. karoma 令 -mana ppr. stem kurumana -na (-na) pp. stem dinna , hina , khina -nta ppr. stem karonta -paya- -pe--simha-sitthaaor. 1pl. aggahesimha aor. 2pl. akasittha -ssa 1.(-assa) m. n. sg. dat. gen. buddhassa 2.cond. 2sg. 3sg. akarissa abhavissa -ssa- fut. stem karissa- gamissa--ssatha 1.fut. 2pl. karissatha 2.cond. 3sg. med. alabhissatha -ssama 1.fut. 1pl. karissama 2.cond. 1pl. agamissama 來-ta pp. stem kata , gata -tabba grd. stem katabba =kattabba -taya grd. stem lajjitaya -tha 1.pres. 2pl. karotha 2.fut. 2pl. karissatha 3.imp. 2pl. karotha 4.aor. 2pl. adatha 5.aor. 3sg. med. apucchatha -tuna ger. katuna 了 -tvana (-tva) ger. katvana 了 -tya(-cca) ger. kacca 了 -va -a-ya 1.ger. kariya=kiriya 了 janiya 了 2.grd. stem kariya=kiriya vajja 說-ya- 1.pass. stem baya dahya-(-dayha) 2.denom. stem namassa-(=namasya-) 禮利 –a-a 1.m. n. sg. abl buddha rupa 2.m. pl. nom. voc. raja , !3.f. sg. nom. kabba 女 gatha sa 女4.f. pl. nom. voc. acc. kabba 女 ta 女 5.m.f. nom. raja bhagavaayasma araha 羅 pita mata-imha aor. 1pl. labhimha -manta -a 2 (m. pl. nom. voc. raja !)-mha (-amha) m. n. sg. abl. buddhamha -na m.n.sg. inst. abl. brahmana=brahnumna-nta m. pl. nom. voc. acc. gunavanta -ra (-ara, -ara) -ar m.f. sg. inst. abl. satthara-sa -as, -usn. sg. inst. abl. manasa -sma(-asma) m.n. sg. loc. buddhasma -ssa pron. f. sg. dat. gen. tassa -ta(a) m. n. sg. instr. abl. bhagavata -tva ger. katva 了 gantva=gamitva 了 -ya 1.f. sg. inst. abl. dat. gen. loc. jatiya nadiya2.opt. 3sg. siya jabba 利 -i , i-ahi f. pl. loc. instr. abl. -hi-ani (-ini,-uni) n.pl. nom. voc. acc.phalani akkhini ayuni tini -bhi m.n.f.pl.instr.abl. buddhebhi -eyyasi opt. 2sg.kareyyasi ahareyyasi 來-i 1.(-)m.n..f. sg. nom.voc. aggi akkhi jati 2.(-ti,-ni,-ri,-si,-yi)m.n. sg. loc. bhagavati kammani pitari manasi mayi -i 1.f.sg.nom. nadi devi 女 2.f.pl.nom. voc. acc nadi ! devi 女 ! 女 3.-inm.sg.nom. pakkhi vadi 說 4.aor.2sg. agami gili -hi 1.(-ehi,-ahi,-ihi,-uhi) m.n.f.pl.instr.abl.tehi () tahi 女 ()2.imp.2sg. karohi labhahi -hi- fut. stem hehi-=hohi- hahi- kahi--mati -ti 1-mhi m.n.sg.loc. buddhamhi tamhi -mi 1.pres.1sg. karomi gacchami 2.fut.1sg. karissami gamissami 3.imp.1sg. karomi gacchami -ni 1. -ani n.pl. nom. voc. acc.phalani 2.(-i) m.n.sg. loc. rajjini -ntani n. pl. nom.voc.acc. gunavantani -nti 1.pres. 3pl. karonti 2.fut. 3pl. karissanti -si 1.pres.2sg. karosi=kubbasi labhasi 2.fut.2sg. labhissasi=lacchasi 3.aor. 1sg.2sg.3sg. akasi cintesi -ssanti(-nti)-ti 1.(-i)m.n.sg.loc. arahati 羅 gunavati 2.pres. 3sg. karoti gacchati 3.fut. 3sg. gamissati=gacchissati -vati -ti 1 利 –u, u-emu (-ema) opt.1pl. janemu,sunemu-imsu aor.3pl. asimsu ganhimsu-ntu imp. 3pl. karontu 220

-ssu imp.2sg.med. kurussu=karassu -su (-esu, -asu, -isu, -usu) m.n.f.pl.loc.buddhesu phalesu -ssamsu cond.3pl. abhavissamsu -tu 1.imp. 3sg. karotu 2.inf.( 不 ) kattu gantu -u 1.m.n.f.sg.nom.voc. cakkhu! dhenu!2.-ar m.f.sg.dat.gen. pitu matu 3.aor.2sg.3sg. ahu assu -u 1.m.n.f.sg.nom abhibhu paragu 2.m.f.pl.nom.voc.acc. paragu,dhenu3.aor.2sg.3sg. ahu 4.aor.3pl. ahu agu 利 -e-amhase aor.1pl. akaramhase ahumhase -e 1.m.n.sg.loc. buddhe rabbe 2.m.pl.acc. buddhe dhamme 3.f.sg.voc. kabbe 女 ! gathe !4.pron.m.pl.nom.acc. te sabbe 切5.pr.1sg.med. kubbe labhe 6.imp.1sg.med. kubbe labhe 7.opt.1sg.3sg. kubbe=kare labhe -e- 1.caus.stem kare- gahe-=ganhe-2.denom.stem kame- gane- 數 ghate- 殺-mante -e 1, 2-mase(-amase) 1.pres.1pl.med. asmase 2.imp.1pl.med. kubbamse -mhe 1.pres.1pl.med. kurumhe=kubbamhe 2.fut.1pl.med. karissamhe -nte 1.m.pl.acc. arahante 羅 gunavante 2.pres.3pl.med. kubbante 3.fut.3pl.med. karissante ,labhissante…-pe- (= -paya-)caus.stem karape- gamape- 行-re 1.pres.3pl.med. labhare 2.fut.3pl.med. karissare -se 1.pres.2sg.med. kuruse=kubbase 2.fut.2sg.med. karissase labhissase -te 1.pres.3sg.med. kurute=kubbate ,labhate 2.fut.3sg.med. karissate labhissate -tave infin. katave gantave -tuye infin. katuye hetuye marituye -vhe 1.pres.2pl.med. kubbavhe,labhavhe2.fut.2pl.med. karissavhe , labhissavhe..-ye opt.3sg. kubbaye anaye 來利 -o-aro, -ar m.f.pl.nom.voc.acc. pitaro mataro-ayo f.pl.nom.voc.acc. kabbayo 女 , gathayo..-etho opt.2sg.med. kubbetho -ittho aor.2sg.med. pucchittho , mabbittho..-manto = -o 1-mato -to 2-no 1.m.n.sg.dat.gen. aggino bhikkhuno attano brahmano=brahmuno 2.m.pl.nom.voc.acc. sakhano=sakhino attano rajano hatthino -nto m.pl.nom.voc.acc. arahanto 羅 -o 1.m.sg.nom. dhammo so sabbo 切2. m.n.f.sg.nom.voc.acc. pitaro mataro -so -as, -us n.sg.dat.gen.manaso ayuso -to 1.(-ato)m.n.f.sg.abl. buddhato kabbato 女2.-at m.n.sg.dat.gen. gacchato -vato -to 2-vho imp.2pl.med. kuruvho labhavho… 利 –m, -n, -t-am (-im, -um, -m, -mantam, -mam)1.m.n.f.sg. acc. buddham 2.n.sg.nom. kammam 3.aor.1sg. ajjhagam avocam 說-aram, -aram, -aranam ram, -anam-anam (-inam, -unam)m.n.f. pl. dat. gen.buddhanam ,gathanam -eram opt. 3pl. med. kubberam -esam(-asam f.) pron.m.n.pl.dat.gen. tesam -esanam (-asanam f.) pron.m.n.pl. dat. gen. tesanam-eyyam opt. 1sg. kareyyam ,dadeyyam -isam aor. 1sg. dakkhisam 見 icchisam -isum aor.3pl. abhubjisum ,pucchisum -ntam imp. 3pl. med. kubbantam -ram –arm.f.sg.acc. sattharam= sattharam -rum aor. 3pl. med. amabbarum -sim aor. 1sg. akasim cintesim -sum aor. 3pl. akasum -sanam pron.pl. dat.gen. tesanam tasanam -smim (-asmim) m.n.sg.loc. tasmim -ssam 1.pron.f.sg.loc. tassam=tissam 女2.fut.1sg. karissam=kassam bhavissam=hessam 3.cond.3pl. abhavissam -tam 1.m.n.pl. dat. gen. gacchatam 路路 2.imp.3sg. med. kurutam labhatam -ttham aor.1sg. alabhittham asayittham -tum inf. bhavitum hotum -yam f.sg.loc. jatiyam ()-avin katavin sutavin -mat, -mant papimant 惡 -vat, -vant 1. bhagavat ()2. sutavat ()( 參辞 pp.376-384)-------------------------------------------------------------1. nom.2.voc. ...()3. acc.1.() 2.()4. inst.1. ... 2. ... 3. ... ( pp.pass.) 4. ... 5. ...5. abl.1. ... 2. ... 3. ...6. dat.()1. ... 2. ()... ()7. gen....( 領 ` 狀 )8. loc.1. ... 2. ... 3. ... 4. ... 5. ... ( 狀 )1. pres.2. fut. 來 ...3. imp. 令 ( 1 )...,( 2.3 )1.... 2. ...!4. opt.1. ... 2.... 3.... 4....5. pass. ...6. caus. ...7. ger. 連 1. ... 2....8. inf. 不 1.... 2. ... (1.() --, 2.—kama, 3.)9. ppr....[]10. pp.1.... 2. ...11. grd.(gerundive)=f.p.p.(future passive participle) 來 1.... 2.... 3.... 4 ....(1. 來 2.3.)12. denom.(denominative)13. cond.(conditional)…()221

利 (prefix) 臘拉利例 a- , 不 , un- a-manussa , anattha ati-, , , ati-mana ,atita(ati-ita)adhi-, , #ad, at- adhi-mana anu- , , along a- anu-loma , anu-saya anto- into anto-nagara antara- , inter antara-vasaka ()apa- 離離apa-gam- 離 , apa-caya api- apidahati(api-tha)abhi- ob- abhi-mukha , abhi-dhamma ,,ava-, o-, o-mana,,o-lokana a- , , a-dana a-gam- 來u-, ud-, , up, out ud-dhamma , ut-thana upa- , up upa-gam-, upa-nagara tiro- #tra-,*trans- tiro-rattha dur-(dus-) 惡 , , dug-gati 惡 , duk-kara 行ni-nether( ni-sad- , ni-pat- 落 ) neni-,nir- , , nir-alaya , nibbana(nir-va )pa- ( pra-), *pro-,#pre- pa-mukha ,pa-dha . 力pati-, pati- ( prati-), , pati-pada ( 行 )pati-gam- 行 para-, , para-kam-, para pari- , , *per-, #cir- pari-bba 了patu- patu-bhu-,patu-kar- 露vi-(dvi =”) di-, devi-raga 離 ,vi-rupa 異離異 sam-,,,, *syn-, #con- sam-vasa , sam-bodhi su-, 易 , *eu-, # susu-gata , su-kara 易行連 a, e, o + a a vandiya+aggam= vandiyaggam 禮 dhanam me+atthu= dhanam m’atthu tayo+assa= tay’assa a, u, + a a tan’eva+asanani = tan’ev’asanani sametu+ayasma= sametayasma a, i + i i pabba + indriyam = pabbindriyam tini + imani = tin’imani a, u + u u amanussa+upaddavo= amanussupaddavo 來 matu+upatthanam = matupatthanamwi, e, o + e e no hi + etam = no h’etam 不 sabbe + eva = sabb’eva 切i + o o bhikkuni+ovado = bhikkunovado a, a + i, i e bhandhussa + iva = bhandhuss’eva upa + ikkhati = upekkhati a, a + u, u o na + upeti = nopeti 不 canda + udayo =candodayo *uddhi+umi=udadhomi a, a, i, e, o+ a a tatra+ayam= tatrayam 裡 sace + ayam = sacayam 若 i, i + i i kiki + iva = kikiva a, u + u u tatha + upamam = tathupamam a + i a deva + iti = deva ti i + a i atinameti = vi + vitinameti ()u + i u vijju + iva = vijju va i, i, e + a ya aggi + agaro = aggyagaro 宅u,o +a,a,eva,va,ve anu+addhamasam= anvaddhamasam t a+a=ata ajja+agge=ajjatagge a+i=ati tasma+iha=tasmatiha d a+a=ada atta+attho=attadattho 利 (.)a+e=ade tava+eva= tavadeva n o+a=ona ito+ayati= itonayati 來 m a+a=ama adukkha+asukham= adukkhamasukham 不不樂 abba+abbam= abbamabbam a+i=amiu+e=umeidha+ijjhati=idhamijjhati lahu+essati= lahumessati y a+i=ayii+e=iyena+idam=nayidam 不 vuddhi+eva= r i+u=iruu+a=urani+uttaro=niruttaro patu+ahosi= paturahosi l a+a=alaa+a=alacha+abhibba= chalabhibba 六 cha+ayatana=cchalayatana 六 v i+a=ivaa+u=avuti+avgulam=tivavgulam pa+uccati= pavuccati 說 g a+e=age h u+u=uhuputha+eva=puthageva su+uju ca = 連 ++ du(r)+kata=dukkata 惡 (r tt)++ para+kama=parakkama 力a+sada=assada tanha+khaya= tanhakkhaya + or + khanti+paramam= khanti paramam jayati+soko= jayati soko tatiyamtatiyam tinitini dukkham dukham so, eso+sa, esa+ eso+dhammo=esa dhammo so+silava= sa silava m() 連 m+k, kh, g, gh vk, vkh, vg, dipam+kara = dipavkara vgh (v k, kh, g, gh )m+c, ch, j, jh bc, bch, bj, bjh sayam+jata = sayabjata m+t, th, d, dh nt, nth, nd, ndh sam+thana = santhana m+t, th, d, dhnt, nth, nd, ndh tam+dhanam = tan dhanam m+p,ph,b,bhmp, mph, mb, mbh tam+phala = tam phala m + l llsam+lakkhana= sallakkhana m + e bbepaccattam+eva= paccattabbeva m + h bhevam+hi vo= evab hi vom + y bbsam+yoga= sabboga m + d or m + etam+avoca=etad avoca 說 tam+anatta= tad anatta m + - + evam+aham= evaham adasim+aham = adasaham m + - + buddhanam + sasana=buddhana sasana m +m l hi alam + idani = halan daniidam + api = idam pi + or + m + or cakkhu + udapadi=cakkhum udapadi manopubba + gama=manopubbamgama 行利利利 kr k, kir, kur mr mkl kil, kl ml milks kh, ch, c vy v, viy, vy, bykhy kh, khy vr v, vv(bb)gr g wm s, mgl gil wy scy c wr s, sir

jb b wl s, siljy j, jiy, jy, d wv s, suv, svjv j sk khty ty st thtv t, tv, tuv sth th , thtr t str thts th sn nh, nah, sin, sndy j sp phdv d, dv, duv, b sph phdhm dhum sm s, sum, mihdhy jh sy siydhr dh sr sdhv dh sv s, suv, svny b, ny hn hanpr p, ph hy hiy, hiyypl p, , pal, pil, pl hr r, rh, rah, har, hir, hps ch hl hilbhr bh 利利利 k kh v mt, t l r a, i, ud, dh l, lh w, s chd r l w, s, s hpvvprllrp ph t, th, d, dh, n t, th, d, dh, nb bh yjjyyvv byy l r六離六離六離例數兩 =... 數 = = 數不例 yatha-vidhi 不例見 ‧ 六林料利利利 mkhy, msk mkh tby ttiympr mp kth, gth, tr, thn, rth, st, tthstrwm ms tvy tyky kiy ttr trkn, ky, kr, kl, ks, kv, kk dy diytk, tk, dk, rk, lk, sk,sk, hkks, ksm, ksy, khy, kkh jv, dm, dv, dr, dl, bd, rd ddtkh, rk, sk, skr, sk,skh, hkhkskh,ch,jh gdh, dhn, dhv, d+h, dhr, ddhbdh, bdhv, rdh, rdhv, htksn khin ntr, mtr, mt ntkhy khiy ndr ndksim khum nc, dn, nm, nv nngn, gy, gr, dg, dg,rg, lggg tp, pn, py, rp, pr, lp, ppsp, sprggh tpl ppilghn, ghr, gr, dks,dgh, rghmsk, vks, mk vk sp, sph, sph pphmkh vkh tpl plcy, tc, ty, rc, rty cc dv, db, dv, rb, rv, lb,lv, vy, vrks, cchr, ts, tsy, thy,ds, ps, rch, wc, skscchgbh, dbh, bhy, bhr,rbh, rdhv, lbhbbbbhtch, rch, wc ch rm mjr jir mr, mb mbgj, jy, jv, dj, dy, bj, jj ml mbilrj, rjy, rdyjhy, dhy jjh km, dm, nv, mn, mb, mmmy, rm, lm, mmjb jb rsm, wm, sm, sm, hm mhnty bc ry ybjy bj ry yirjb, bc, ny, ny, mjn, bb dy, ry, hy yymy, mywc bh hy yhrt tt ry, rr, mr rst, str, sth tth ry riydy, rd dd rl, ly, lv, ml llgdh, dhy, rdh, ht ddh ht lhht dh hv vhjb n rs, sr smsth, mth nth tsn sinmd nd cchr sirjb, bc, nd, nv, rn nn str strny nniy stv svvks, tsn, rsn, hn nh cchr, ts, ds, rw, rs, rsy, ssrsv, wy, wr, wv, sm, sy,sy, sr, sv, hwr, hs, hwkt, ktr, tn, tm, ttr, tr, tt d+h, rh, sy, sy httv, tv, pt, rt, st, str

224 利利利羅 Suttapitaka1. Dighanikaya 2. Majjhimanikaya 3. Samyuttanikaya 4. Avguttaranikaya 5. Khuddakanikaya (1) Khuddakapathapali (2) Dhammapadapali 句 (3) Udanapali 說 (4) Itivuttakapali (5) Suttanipatapali (6) Vimanavatthupali (7) Petavatthupali (8) Theragathapali 老 (9) Therigathapali 老 (10) ApadanapalI (11) Buddhavamsapali (12) Cariyapitakapali 行 (13) Jatakapali (14) Mahaniddesapali (15) Culaniddesapali (16) Patisambhidamaggapali(17) Nettippakaranapali 論 (18) Petakopadesapali (19) Milindapañhapali 蘭 Vinayapitaka 律 1. Parajikapali 羅 2. Pacittiyapali 3. Mahavaggapali 4. Culavaggapali 5. Parivarapali Abhidhammapitaka 論 224

利 2251. Dhammasavganipali 論 2. Vibhavgapali 論 3. Dhatukathapali 論 4. Puggalapaññattipali 論 5. Kathavatthupali 論 6. Yamakapali 論 7. Patthanapali 論 Suttapitaka-atthakatha1. Dighanikaya-atthakathaSumavgalavilasini 2. Majjhimanikaya-atthakathaPapañcasudani 3. Samyuttanikaya-atthakathasaratthappakasini 4. Avguttaranikaya-atthakathaManotathapurani 5. Khuddakapatha-atthakathaParamatthajotika 6. Dhammapada-atthakatha 句 7. Udana-atthakatha 說 8. Itivuttaka-atthakatha Paramatthadipani 9. Suttanipata-atthakatha10. Vimanavatthu-atthakatha11. Petavatthu-atthakatha12. Theragatha-atthakatha 老 13. Therigatha-atthakatha 老 14. Cariyapitaka-atthakatha( 行 )15. Apadana-atthakatha() Visuddhajanavilasin 16. Buddhavamsa-atthakatha () Madhuratthavilasini 17. Jataka-atthakatha ()18.Mahaniddesa-atthakatha()19. Culaniddesa-atthakatha()20. Patisambhidamagga-atthakatha()Saddhammappakasini21. Nettippakarana-atthakatha ( 論 )Vinayapitaka-atthakatha 律 225

226 利利 1. Parajikakanda-atthakatha2. Pacittiya-atthakatha3. Mahavagga-atthakatha4. Culavagga-atthakatha5. Parivara-atthakathaSamantapasadika 切律切見律 Abhidhammapitaka-atthakatha 論 1. Dhammasavgani-atthakatha 論 2. Vibhavga-atthakatha 論 3. Dhatukatha-atthakatha 論 4. Puggalapaññatti-atthakatha 論 5. Kathavatthu-atthakatha 論 6. Yamaka-atthakatha 論 7. Patthana-atthakatha 論 Pañcappakarana-atthakatha 論 Añña pali gantha 1. Visuddhimagga 論 2. Abhidhammamatikapali( 論 )Mohavicchedani 3. AbhidhammatthasavgahoAbhidhammatthavibhavinitikaSaccasavkhepa 論論略論 4. Paramatthadipani 論 5. Lokaniti 6. Rasavahini 7. Subodhalavkaro 8. Balavatara 利 9. Abhidhanappadipika Tika 復 10. KaccayanabyakaranamMoggallanabyakaranam 連 11. Visuddhimagga-mahatikaParamatthamañjusaNidanakatha 論復論 12. Vuttodaya 利 13. Bhikkhubhikkhunipatimokkhapali Kavkhavitarani-atthakatha 羅 226

略 225文法略符 root 動詞字根 Mhvs Mahavamsa 《大史》A. Avgutara-Nikaya 《增支部》 mid. middle 中間態abl. ablative med. medium 中間態abs. absolute 絕對、獨立 n. / nt. neuter acc. accusative N Noun 名詞act. active nom. nominative adj. adject 形容詞 num. numeral 數詞adv. adverb 副詞 opt. optative aor. aorist pass. passive cau. causative perf. perfect comp. compound 複合詞 p. / pl. plural 數cond. conditional 條件法 pr. present 現在式conj. conjunction 連接詞 ppr. present D. Digha-Nikaya 《長部》 participledat. dative pp. past participle denom. denomination 名動詞 pref. prefix 字首 / 接頭詞desid. desiderative 示意動詞 prep. preposition 介係詞DhA Dhammapada- 《法句經注釋》 pron. pronoun 代名詞Atthakatharel.pron. relative pronoun 關係代名詞eg./ ex. for example 例如 S. Samyutta-Nikaya 《相應部》f. feminine 女 s. / sg. singular 數fpp. future passive 來 Sk. Savskrit 梵語participle suf. sufix 接尾詞fut. future 來 V. Verb 動詞gen. genitive vi. intransitive verb 不及物動詞ger. gerund 連不 Vin. Vinaya 律藏 (P.T.S.)grd. gerundive 義務分詞 vt. transitive verb 及物動詞imp imperative 令 [] voc. vocative ind. indeclinable 不 inf. infinitive 不 1p. / 1 first person ins. instrumental 具格 2p. / 2 second person intens. intensitive 強意動詞 3p. / 3 third person interj. interjection 間投詞、感嘆詞interr. interrogative 疑問詞 > become 變成J. Jataka 《本生》 come from 來 loc. locative and M. Majjhima-Nikaya 《中部》 / or m. masculine equal to 225

226 利 8 利 I226o a A i u U e ka kA ki kI ku kU ke ko k kha khA khi khI khu khU khe kho kh g ga gA gi gI gu gU ge go gh gha ghA ghi ghI ghu ghU ghe gho Ga GA Gi GI Gu GU Ge Go G ca cA ci cI cu cU ce co c cha chA chi chI chu chU che cho ch 車切 ja jA ji jI ju jU je jo j jha jhA jhi jhI jhu jhU jhe jho jh Ja JA Ji JI Ju JU Je Jo J 領 Ta TA Ti TI Tu TU Te To T 茶 Tha ThA Thi ThI Thu ThU The Tho Th Da DA Di DI Du DU De Do D Dha DhA Dhi DhI Dhu DhU Dhe Dho Dh 度度 Na NA Ni NI Nu NU Ne No N t ta tA ti tI tu tU te to th tha thA thi thI thu thU the tho d da dA di dI du dU de do dh dha dhA dhi dhI dhu dhU dhe dho n na nA ni nI nu nU ne no pa pA pi pI pu pU pe po p pha phA phi phI phu phU phe pho ph ba bA bi bI bu bU be bo b bha bhA bhi bhI bhu bhU bhe bho bh 北 ma mA mi mI mu mU me mo m ya yA yi yI yu yU ye yo y ra rA ri rI ru rU re ro r 喇力力路累漏 la lA li lI lu lU le lo l 樂拉力力路累漏 va vA vi vI vu vU ve vo v sa sA si sI su sU se so s h ha hA hi hI hu hU he ho M

略 227- DhammajIvI 理參巴利原典英譯、中譯 1. VRI.,Chattha Savgayana CD-ROM version 3, IndiaVipassana Research Institute, 2000.2. Bhikkhu XBAnamoli Bhikkhu XBodhi (trans.), The Middle Length Discourses of theBuddha (Majjhimanikaya) ,Kandy: Buddhist Pubication Society,1995.3. Bhikkhu X Bodhi, The Connected Discourese of the Buddha, : A New Translation of theßaMyuttanikAya . Boston: Wisdom Publication, 2000.4. Bhikkhu Dhammagutta, MajjhimanikayatthakathaPapabcasudani2000.5. Bhikkhu Dhammagutta,DighanikayatthakathaSumavgalavilasini2000.6. Bhikkhu Dhammagutta, SamyuttanikayatthakathaSaratthappakasini2000.7. Maurice Walshe, The Long Discourses of the Buddha (A Transtrate of the Digha ñikAya ),Buddhist Publication Society , Kandy,Sri Lanka,1996.8. ․ 林 9. ․ 林 10. ․ 律林 199211. ․ 林 199412. ․ 林 199513. 拉 ․ 拉理 Treasury of truthIllustrated Dhammapada 句 Singapore Buddhist Meditation Centre, 19975 文法書 :1. Lily de Silva, M.A.,Ph.D., Pali PrimerIndiaVipassana Research Institute2. Ven. B. Ananda Maitreyya Mahanayaka Thera, D.Litt., Pali Made EasyShizuoka Japan,1993.3. von Achim Fahs., Grammatik des Pli, VEB Verlag Enzyklopädie leipzig,1989.4. VTTO PERNIOLA S.J., Pli Grammar, The Pali Text Society,1997.5. William Dwight WhitenyROOTS, VERS-FORMS, AND PRIMARY DERIVATIVESOF SANSKRIT LANGUAGE, London,1885.227

228 利 6. A.K.Warder., Introduction to Pali, The Pali Text Society,1963,3rd.ed.1991,reprinted 1995.7. A.P.Buddhadatta Thera, The New Pali Course, Part , ,4th. ,The ColomboApothecares’Co.,Ltd.,1956.8. Narada Thera, An Elementary PALi Course, Original Dhamma Institute.,1996,Dec.9. 利 1986 年 12 10. 林路 (Enjoying Pali)1998 年 11. 林利 1999 年 8 工具書 :1. T.W.Rhys Davids Ph.D.and William Stede Ph.D., Pli-English Dictionary , P.T.S. ,1995.2. Robert Caesar Childers, Dictionary of the Pli Language, Kyoto Rinsen Book Company,1987.3. A.P. Buddhatta Mahthera, Concise Pli-English Dictionary , The Colombo Apothecaries,Co.,LTD., Sri Lanka, 1968.4. 辞 .19942 228

略 225 行料利理 — 2005[ 94] 利列參索 ISBN 986-80970-3-7()1. 利 803.39 94006390 ‧ 宅 DhammavassaramaNo. 50 - 6, You-Tze-Zhai, Tong-Ren Village,Chong-Pu , Chiayi 60652, TaiwanTel(886)(5) 253-0029Fax203-0813E-maildhamma.rain@msa.hinet.nethttp://www.dhammarain.org.tw/ 利讀利 225

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