Strategisk kommunikation og strategiudvikling - Forsvarsakademiet
Strategisk kommunikation og strategiudvikling - Forsvarsakademiet
Strategisk kommunikation og strategiudvikling - Forsvarsakademiet
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Dermed forandres den militæroperative modus, <strong>og</strong> fokus på ikke-kinetiske virkemidler<br />
forøges. Udviklingen i gang. Der er ved at opstå en accept af, hvor vigtig evnen til at<br />
håndtere information, medier <strong>og</strong> moderne informationsteknol<strong>og</strong>i er i nye krige.<br />
Dette kan illustreres med nedenstående citat af den australske forsker David Kilcullen:<br />
“We typically design physical operations first and then craft supporting information<br />
operations to explain our actions. This is reverse of Al Qaida´s approach. For all our<br />
professionalism, compared to the enemy´s, our public information is an afterthought.<br />
In military terms, for Al Qaida the main effort is information; for us, information is a<br />
supporting effect”.<br />
(Kilcullen, Countering the terroristmentality, New paradigms for 21st century<br />
Conflict., 2007, s. 46)<br />
2.3. Strategibegrebet<br />
Strategibegrebet bruges i dag i flæng. I en sikkerhedspolitisk kontekst kan det defineres<br />
således:<br />
”Strategy is the employment of the instruments of power (political/diplomatic, economic,<br />
military and informational) to achieve the political objectives of the state [..]”<br />
(Yarger, 2006, s. 107).<br />
Yarger anfører specifikt, at strategi er antitesen til krisestyring, fordi det indebærer, at der<br />
ikke er en strategi eller, at den er slået fejl.<br />
For at kunne opstille sin strategiteori, anfører Yarger en grundlæggende forudsætning:<br />
”an underlying assumption of strategy from a national perspective is that all nation-states<br />
and non-state actors have interests that they will pursue to the best of their<br />
abilities..[through the use of instruments of power]. (Yarger, 2008, s. 17).<br />
Yarger skriver:”Instruments of power are defined as the methods in which the resources<br />
derived from the elements of power of the state are applied” (Yarger, 2008, s. 70).<br />
USA definerer “instruments of power” således: “(DOD) All of the means available to the<br />
government in its pursuit of national objectives. They are expressed as diplomatic,<br />
economic, informational and military (DIME).” (JP1-02, 2009).<br />
Storbritannien definerer disse som diplomatiske, økonomiske <strong>og</strong> militære. (DCDC, 2005, s.<br />
1-1). Storbritannien tilføjer, at disse anvendes sammen med ”[..] an independant package<br />
of devellopmental and humanitarian activity and a customised, agile and sensitive<br />
influence and information effort” (DCDC, 2005, s. 1-2).<br />
Således erkender begge lande vigtigheden af information i en strategisk kontekst. USA<br />
som et direkte magtinstrument, Storbritannien som et relateret instrument.<br />
Side 26 af 132