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6.2. Five-year clinical follow-up of a randomized comparison of a polymer-free sirolimuseluting stent versus a polymer-based paclitaxel-eluting stent in patients with diabetes mellitus (LIPSIA Yukon trial). Stiermaier T, Heinz A, Schloma D, Kleinertz K, Dänschel W, Erbs S, Linke Axel, Boudriot E, Lauer B, Schuler G, Thiele H, Desch S. Source Department of Internal Medicine - Cardiology, University of Leipzig - Heart Center, Leipzig, Germany. Abstract OBJECTIVES: The long-term performance of polymer-free stent systems in patients with diabetes mellitus has not been investigated extensively. This study reports long-term results of the LIPSIA Yukon trial which compared the polymer-free sirolimus-eluting Yukon Choice stent with the polymer-based paclitaxeleluting Taxus Liberté stent in this subpopulation. At 9 months, the Yukon Choice stent failed to show non-inferiority in terms of the primary end point late lumen loss, while no significant difference in clinical outcome was detected. METHODS AND RESULTS: The LIPSIA Yukon trial randomized 240 patients with diabetes mellitus to a polymer-free sirolimus eluting stent (Yukon Choice, Translumina) versus a polymer-based paclitaxel-eluting stent (Taxus Liberté, Boston Scientific). Clinical follow-up was conducted with a standardized telephone follow-up and all events were centrally adjudicated. Follow-up was available for 98.3% of patients after a median of 5.0 years. The incidence of all-cause death (16.9% versus 14.0%, P = 0.67), respectively definite or presumed cardiovascular death (7.6% versus 8.8%, P = 0.94) were similar in the Yukon Choice and the Taxus Liberté group. There were no significant differences in the rates of myocardial infarction (9.3% versus 7.9%, P = 0.88), definite stent thrombosis (0.8% versus 0.9%, P = 1.0), target lesion revascularization (15.3% versus 15.8%, P = 1.0), target vessel revascularization (18.6% versus 23.7%, P = 0.44), non-target vessel revascularization (18.6% versus 26.3%, P = 0.21), and stroke (3.4% versus 4.4%, P = 0.96) between patients assigned to the Yukon Choice and the Taxus Liberté stent. CONCLUSION: At 5 years of follow-up, clinical outcome was similar between the polymer-free sirolimus-eluting Yukon Choice stent and the polymer-based paclitaxel-eluting Taxus Liberté stent. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Copyright © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. KEYWORDS: coronary artery disease, drug-eluting stent, paclitaxel, polymer-free, sirolimus PMID: 23873579 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] Seite 8 von 10
6.3. Selection-driven evolution of sex-biased genes is consistent with sexual selection in Arabidopsis thaliana. Gossmann Toni, Schmid MW, Grossniklaus U, Schmid KJ. Source Institute of Plant Breeding, Seed Science and Population Genetics, University of Hohenheim, Stuttgart, Germany. Abstract Sex-biased genes are genes with a preferential or specific expression in one sex and tend to show an accelerated rate of evolution in animals. Various hypotheses - which are not mutually exclusive - have been put forth to explain observed patterns of rapid evolution. One possible explanation is positive selection, but this has been shown only in few animal species and mostly for male-specific genes. Here we present a large-scale study that investigates evolutionary patterns of sex-biased genes in the predominantly self-fertilizing plant Arabidopsis thaliana. Unlike most animal species, A. thaliana does not possess sex chromosomes, its flowers develop both male and female sexual organs and it is characterized by low outcrossing rates. Using cell-specific gene expression data, we identified genes whose expression is enriched in comparison to all other tissues in the male and female gametes (sperm, egg, and central cell), as well as in synergids, pollen and pollen tubes, which also play an important role in reproduction. Genes specifically expressed in gametes and synergids show higher rates of protein evolution compared to the genome wide average and no evidence for positive selection. In contrast, pollen and pollen tube-specific genes have lower rates of protein evolution, but also exhibit a higher proportion of adaptive amino acid substitutions. We show that this is the result of increased levels of purifying and positive selection among genes with pollen and pollen tube-specific expression. The increased proportion of adaptive substitutions cannot be explained by the fact that pollen and pollen tube-expressed genes are enriched in segmental duplications, are on average older, or have a larger effective population size. Our observations are consistent with prezygotic sexual selection as a result of interactions during pollination and pollen tube growth such as pollen tube competition. KEYWORDS: adaptive evolution, angiosperms, pollen competition, reproduction PMID: 24273323 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] Seite 9 von 10
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