German Professions - European Roots Genealogy

Gärtner today means only gardener, but in until the early 20th century the main meaning was
"farmer with a very little land". A gardener did not have his share of the common land, the
Allmende; he owned only a little land, often fenced, on which he cultivated vegetables and fruits,
but normally no grain.
terms for gardener (small farmer) with Garten (garden) and another word describing what he
mainly cultivate: Gärtner, Weingärtner (vine), Birnengärtner (pears and other fruits),
Baumgärtner (trees), Kohlgärtner (cabbage);
terms for gardener (small farmer) with Garten (garden) and another word describing his duties
or status: Eigengärtner (cottager with a garden of his own), Dreschgärtner, Dreschermaß
(cottager with a garden, who had to work for the manor);
other terms for gardener: Hortulanus, Paradeiser and Tuunker;
terms for small farmer (meaning of terms vary in time and region, but the following terms
mainly refer to farmer with only a small farm): Ackermann, Ackersmann, Bergler, Beständer,
Beständner, Bergler, Colonus, Eigenlehner, Exner, Gütler, Keuschler, Kleinbauer, Köbler,
Kutschner, Lehner, Öchsner, Stäbner, Stäbler, Stäber, Stengelbauer;
other related terms: Bestanderlasser (landlord of a small farm).
Wine-growing occupations
Wine grower or vine dresser (they often own the land, but they can be tenants also): Winzer,
Amtswinzer, Häcker, Kalterer, Kelterer, Rebmann, Rebmeister, Weinbauer, Weinberger,
Weingärtner, Weinreber, Weinzierl, Weinzirl, Wingertsmann or Vinitor;
people working in a winecellar and other related terms: Kalterer, Kelterer (worker in a winecellar);
Keller, Weingut-Verwalter, Kellerherr (wine steward); Kellereiverwalter (administrator
of the winecellar); Kellermeister, Promocondus, Cellarius (keeper of the winecellar); Stieffeler
(maker of vineyard stakes); Weinbleicher (wine bleacher, adulterator); Weinsticher, Weintester
(wine tester); Keltermacher (winepress maker); Berghold (vineyard owner); Weinleser (grapepicker);
vintner, wine hauler, wine dealer, vinegar merchant: Essigmann, Essigmanger, Essigmenger,
Mengwein, Weingroßhändler, Weinhändler, Weinherr, Weinmann, Weinschröter,
Weinverlader;
wine innkeeper: see Innkeepers and Cooks.
Beekeepers