The thorny way of truth : documents on the violation of ... - Mazeto.NET

- 18 - Marinovthe back disk and is perpendicular to the first one.<strong>The</strong> functioning <strong>of</strong> the machine can be explained by the help <strong>of</strong> m^ scheme presentedin fig. 5 (notice the differences between my fig. 5 and the encyclopaedic fig. 4):<strong>The</strong> back disk is drawn as if it be bigger than the front disk. <strong>The</strong> radial sectorsare drawn in black, ss' is the diametrical conductor whose brushes slide onthe frortdisk and qq' is the diametrical conductor whose brushes slide on the backdisk. P and P' are the metal combs embracing both disks which are connected to thepoles A and B <strong>of</strong> the machine.When the disks are at rest no parts <strong>of</strong> the machine are charged, but when theybegin to rotate some charges appear on the radial sectors because <strong>of</strong> the friction.Let us begin to rotate the front disk clockwise and the back disk counter-clockwiseand let us suppose that the sector m <strong>of</strong> the back disk has become charged throughfriction with positive electricity. <strong>The</strong> opposite sector on the front disk will bepolarized by influence but as a whole it will remain neutral. However when m willcome in front <strong>of</strong> the brush s, the positive charges <strong>of</strong> the opposite sector on thefront disk, t, will be pushed a<strong>way</strong> along the diametrical conductor to the brush s'and will charge positively the sector on which s' slides, while the sector t willbecome charged negatively. Thus now the sectors on the front disk which leave s ands* will become charged, respectively, negatively and positively. When they willcome under P' and P, respectively, the negative charges will jump on the comb P'and the positive charges will jump on the comb P. Thus after leaving the combs thesectors will become neutral and only when reaching the brushes s' and s they willbe again charged, respectively, positively and negatively. Similar is the storywith the sectors sliding on the brushes q and q*.Comparing figs. 4 and 5 one can see the errors <strong>of</strong> the encyclopaedia's author.<strong>The</strong> first big nonsense is to affirm that A and P, respectively, B and P' are chargedwith opposite charges. <strong>The</strong> potentials <strong>of</strong> P and A are exactly the same as the potential<strong>of</strong> the internal electrode <strong>of</strong> the Leyden bottle connected to them. <strong>The</strong> condensersare charged not by influence (as the encyclopaedia's author thinks) but by theelectrons which jump from the sectors to the comb P' and from the comb P to thesectors. If the charges on P and P' will be accumulated by influence (as the Italianencyclopaedist supposes), where from the electrons for the discharge current willcome? Also the positive charge on the sector just before the brush q' in fig. 4 iswrong. <strong>The</strong> sectors become charged only after having been touched by the brushes. Onthe <strong>way</strong> between the combs and the brushes they are neutral (<strong>of</strong> course the sectorsdo not give their whole charges to the combs but for the clarity <strong>of</strong> the expositionit is expedient to assume that on the <strong>way</strong> from the combs to the brushes the sectorsare not charged as whole).I leave to the reader the unpleasant task to reveal the errors in the explanation<strong>of</strong> the Wimshurst machine in Graetz' "Handbuch"^^^