PROBLEMS OF GEOCOSMOS

Proceedings of the 7th International Conference "Problems of Geocosmos" (St. Petersburg, Russia, 26-30 May 2008)
instrumentation complex onboard the CORONAS-F spacecraft. Zhitnik et al. (2003) phenomenologically
described such features as long-living plasma bodies with bright orbed cores, localized at a height of 0.1–0.3
solar radii, and darker legs, probably giant loops, connecting the cores with active regions.
Ulysses spacecraft flied over the poles of the Sun, climbed its maximum latitude of 80.2 degrees North on
31 July 1995 with the last passing on 14 January 2008. Figure 2 shows the decreasing of the temperature
distribution above the solar Polar Regions.
Figure 2. The temperature of the Sun’s polar coronal holes as measured by the SWICS instrument on board Ulysses
(Credit to Ulysses).
Among the numerous results of HINODE let’s look at the X-ray jets which are observed in the solar polar
atmosphere (e.g. Kulhane et al. 2007; Filippov, Golub and Koutchmi 2007; Savcheva 2007). Recent results
(Shimojo
et al. 2007; Shimojo 2008) reveal that over 70% of jets occur in mixed polarity regions and X-ray
jets in the polar coronal hole are not always associated with the kG-patches (kilo Gauss magnetic field).
Some X-ray jets are associated with very weak magnetic field. And, the jets are strongly associated with the
emerging/cancelling magnetic flux.
The series of wonderful EUV images from two satellites with fine resolution of A (head) and B (behind) of
the Solar TErrestrial RElations Observatory
(STEREO) provide 3D reconstruction of the coronal loops
and
corona (Aschwanden et al. 2008a, 2008b).
SOHO (Solar and Heliospheric observatory) is the leader in the list of the space observatories not only
due to the numerous publications; SOHO demonstrates
a successful international collaboration inside the
SOHO
teams and collaborations with other teams among the solar and the heliospheric society.
Birth of the Solar Cycle
"On January 4, 2008, a reversed-polarity sunspot appeared—and this signals the start of Solar Cycle 24"
(David Hathaway of the Marshall
Space Flight Center, HASA deadlines)
Figure 3. Left image: Sun in continuum. Right image: MDI (Michelson Doppler Imager)
magnetogram. White color
shows a positive polarity, black is marked a negative polarity.
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