A Mathematica based Version of the CKMfitter Package

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48 Chapter 5. Probing the Standard Model Observable central ± 1σ ± 2σ ± 3σ |Vud| 0.97384 +0.00023 −0.00024 |Vus| 0.2272 +0.0010 −0.0010 |Vub| [10−3 ] 3.74 +0.14 −0.15 |Vub| [10−3 ] (meas. not in fit) 3.52 +0.18 −0.17 |Vcd| 0.2271 +0.0010 −0.0010 |Vcs| 0.97298 +0.00023 −0.00024 |Vcb| [10−3 ] 41.94 +0.67 −0.69 |Vcb| [10−3 ] (meas. not in fit) 44.7 +1.1 −1.9 |Vtd| [10−3 ] 8.37 +0.90 −0.31 |Vts| [10−3 ] 41.26 +0.68 −0.66 |Vtb| 0.999113 +0.000029 −0.000029 +0.00047 −0.00047 +0.0020 −0.0020 +0.29 −0.29 +0.37 −0.34 +0.0020 −0.0020 +0.00047 −0.00048 +1.4 −1.4 +2.3 −4.6 +1.32 −0.62 +1.3 −1.4 +0.000057 −0.000058 Table 5.4: Fit results and errors (continued) +0.00071 −0.00071 +0.0030 −0.0031 +0.44 −0.44 +0.55 −0.57 +0.0030 −0.0031 +0.00071 −0.00072 +2.0 −2.0 +3.5 −7.2 +1.47 −0.92 +2.0 −2.1 +0.000084 −0.000088
Chapter 6 New Physics Beyond the Standard Model The Standard Model describes successfully all the present data from flavor physics experiments. Nevertheless, there are still many reasons to believe in physics beyond the SM. For example, evidences for unobserved “dark matter” and “dark energy” from cosmic microwave background radiation measurements are not described by the SM. Furthermore, the strength of CP violation in the CKM matrix, expressed through the Jarlskog invariant, is significantly to weak and the electroweak phase transition is not intens enough to generate the observed baryon asymmetry in the universe. In the following, two extensions of the Standard Model are discussed. First of all a model independent description of NP contributions to B 0 - ¯ B 0 mixing and secondly, charged Higgs contributions to the leptonic decay width of charged B mesons in Two Higgs Doublet Models (2HDM). 6.1 New Physics in B 0 - ¯B 0 Oscillations B 0 - ¯ B 0 oscillation occurs in the SM through |∆B| = 2 transitions. A model independent description of New Physics contributions introduces two additional parameters, the relative amplitude r 2 d and the relative phase 2ϑd between the mixing matrix elements including SM and NP contributions compared to SM contributions only [65, 66]: � B 0 � �H SM+NP � � ¯ B 0 � � B 0 |H SM | ¯ B 0 � = r2 d ei2ϑd . (6.1) The Standard Model is referred to as r 2 d = 1 and 2ϑd = 0. Additional assumptions are a unitary 3 × 3 CKM matrix and no NP contributions to tree level dominated processes (which means Γ12 = ΓSM 12 ). More specifically, decay transitions with four flavor changes (i.e. b → q1¯q2q3, q1 �= q2 �= q3) are dominated by the SM [4]. The 49
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A Mathematica based Version of the
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Kurzfassung Das CKMfitter Software-
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vi CONTENTS 6 New Physics Beyond th
Page 8 and 9: viii LIST OF FIGURES B.6 Constraint
Page 10 and 11: x LIST OF TABLES
Page 12 and 13: 2 Chapter 1. Introduction Unfortuna
Page 14 and 15: 4 Chapter 2. Theory the bosons of t
Page 16 and 17: 6 Chapter 2. Theory VCKM is a compl
Page 18 and 19: 8 Chapter 2. Theory 2.4 Neutral Mes
Page 20 and 21: 10 Chapter 2. Theory b u,c,t d 0 B
Page 22 and 23: 12 Chapter 2. Theory CP violation i
Page 24 and 25: 14 Chapter 3. CKMfitter The quantit
Page 26 and 27: 16 Chapter 3. CKMfitter
Page 28 and 29: 18 Chapter 4. A Mathematica based V
Page 40 and 41: 30 Chapter 5. Probing the Standard
Page 60 and 61: 50 Chapter 6. New Physics Beyond th
Page 68 and 69: 58 Chapter 7. Conclusions and Persp
Page 70 and 71: 60 Appendix A. The Inami-Lim Functi
Page 72 and 73: 62 Appendix B. Additional Figures o
Page 74 and 75: 64 Appendix B. Additional Figures o
Page 76 and 77: 66 Appendix C. Testjob } globalMinS
Page 78 and 79: 68 Appendix D. Source Code else k =
Page 80 and 81: 70 Appendix D. Source Code do i = 1
Page 82 and 83: 72 Appendix E. User Guide E.2 Datac
Page 84 and 85: 74 Appendix E. User Guide scanMin T
Page 86 and 87: 76 Appendix E. User Guide E.3 Input
Page 88 and 89: 78 Appendix E. User Guide
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98 BIBLIOGRAPHY [12] L. Wolfenstein
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100 BIBLIOGRAPHY [43] A. G. Akeroyd
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102 BIBLIOGRAPHY [74] T. Inami and
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Erklärung Hiermit versichere ich,
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