DOCTORAATSPROEFSCHRIFT - EDM - UHasselt

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$Reflectance Model for Diffraction - EDM - UHasselt$

xii LIST OF FIGURES 5.1 An example of an interactive door object with two movable sliding parts and a button triggering the doors to open and close. 51 5.2 The interactive object approach. An application can include the interaction layer that loads and simulates interactive object worlds as part of the simulation component. Object controllers can be implemented to convert input into interactive object commands. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 61 5.3 Network setup: after initialization using TCP, the clients send their interaction requests using UDP. State updates are distributed by the server using multicast. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 64 5.4 Illustration of the difference between the result of an avatar pushing on one side of a table with our basic simulation mechanism (a) and true advanced physical simulation (b). The green arrow shows the direction the avatar is pushing, the red arrow illustrates the direction the table will move in. . . . . . . . . . 69 8.1 A model of a male character used in the ALVIC framework, consisting of two layers: a skeleton and a textured skin mesh. . 82 8.2 Four keyframes of a walk animation for a 3D animated model (from [Cal3D 07]). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 83 8.3 Illustrations of a numerical IK method in 2D taking discrete steps to move the IK chain’s end effector closer to the goal position. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 84 8.4 Ragdolls of two virtual terrorrist’s avatars. After being shot, the physics engine took over to create realistic movement (from Counter-Strike TM ). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 86 9.1 Overview of the ExtReAM library in an application. . . . . . . 90 9.2 Overview of the skeleton animation plug-in. . . . . . . . . . . . 95 9.3 Two different IK results for the same IK chain. (a) Has constraints and strong damping for the last two joints in the chain. (b) Constrains only the second joint and has no damping on the final joint. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 96 9.4 The desktop test application, using QT and OpenGL. The skeleton object properties widget (bottom left) allows the user to activate animations and set weight factors. . . . . . . . . . . . . 98 9.5 PocketPC application. The robot is a skeleton object performing the “walk” animation. The other objects are rigid. . . . . . 99
LIST OF FIGURES xiii 10.1 Illustrations of the new physical and interactive capabilities of the extended interactive object approach provided by the ExtReAM animation library. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 108 14.1 (a) The avatar’s 3D animated model and (b) the physical representations of the parts. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 127 14.2 A schematic representation of the mapping of the MicroScribe- 3D input field onto human avatar’s the IK chain workspace. . . 129 14.3 Results of the dynamic hand interaction technique. The avatar’s arm is moved according to the user’s input taken from the MicroScribe-3D. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 133 14.4 Screenshots from inside the physical ALVIC system as seen from one of the users. (a) A user utilizes the MicroScribe-3D arm control to push the button triggering the door to close. (b) As another user is pushing a table through the door, the closing of the doors is stopped and the box is now stuck in between. . . . 134 15.1 An overview of the haptic controller plug-in components and their relations to other components and the application. . . . . 137 15.2 The PHANToM haptic IO device and the haptic travel control possibilities . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 140 15.3 An illustration of the difference in the terrain normals and the haptic normals after applying the smoothing window. The delay is linearly dependent on the window size . . . . . . . . . . . . . 144 16.1 A user navigating in the desktop virtual environment using the haptic travel technique in first person camera mode. . . . . . . 146 16.2 The scenes for the travel task, x marks the start position, o symbolizes the cylinder-shaped goal position which can be seen from the entire scene. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 148 16.3 A user’s view while traveling toward the end goal in the VE. . 149 16.4 (a) Total distance traveled and rotations performed by participants. (b) Trial completion time by participant’s experience. . 151 16.5 (a) Workload by travel technique. (b) Workload by travel technique and participant’s experience. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 154 16.6 The 3 perceived presence categories by travel technique. . . . . 155
Page 1: DOCTORAATSPROEFSCHRIFT 2008 | Schoo
Page 5 and 6: Acknowledgments A researcher’s wo
Page 7 and 8: Abstract The field of networked vir
Page 9 and 10: Contents Acknowledgments i Abstract
Page 11 and 12: CONTENTS vii 8.1.2 Inverse Kinemati
Page 13 and 14: AI Artificial Intelligent AOI Area
Page 15: List of Figures 1.1 The different s
Page 19 and 20: General Introduction The idea of cr
Page 21 and 22: Problem Statement One way of explai
Page 23 and 24: Contributions The overall purpose o
Page 25 and 26: Although the field we are working i
Page 27 and 28: This dissertation comprises five pa
Page 29: Part I BACKGROUND
Page 32 and 33: 14 TABLE OF CONTENTS
Page 34 and 35: 16 Defining Interactive Virtual Rea
Page 46 and 47: 28 A Brief Historical Overview Figu
Page 48 and 49: 30 A Brief Historical Overview comm
Page 50 and 51: 32 A Brief Historical Overview Figu
Page 52 and 53: 34 A Brief Historical Overview 2.2
Page 54 and 55: 36 A Brief Historical Overview (a)
Page 57 and 58: Table of Contents 3 Introduction 41
Page 59 and 60: CHAPTER3 Introduction In the genera
Page 61 and 62: Another interesting point, in the c
Page 63 and 64: CHAPTER4 Related Work While modelin
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CHAPTER5 A Dynamic Interactive Obje
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5.2 Interactive Objects and Dynamic
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5.3 The Interaction Layer 57 Listin
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5.3 The Interaction Layer 59 Task 3
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5.3 The Interaction Layer 61 Figure
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5.4 Network Distribution and Simula
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5.5 Evaluation of the Interactive O
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CHAPTER6 Conclusions In this part,
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Part III CREATING MORE REALISTIC DY
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76 TABLE OF CONTENTS
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78 Introduction to recent advances
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80 Introduction
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82 Related Work Figure 8.1: A model
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84 Related Work Figure 8.3: Illustr
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86 Related Work Figure 8.4: Ragdoll
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88 Related Work
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90 The ExtReAM Library: Extensible
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102 A Physically Simulated Dynamic
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110 Conclusions application develop
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Table of Contents 12 Introduction 1
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CHAPTER12 Introduction In the first
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117 effector of the IK chain of an
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CHAPTER13 Related Work In order to
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121 the rendering of rather static
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123 temperature and galvanic skin r
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CHAPTER14 An Avatar Control Method
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14.2 A Direct Avatar Controller Exp
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14.3 Distributing Animation Informa
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14.4 Results 131 frame, resulting i
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14.4 Results 133 Figure 14.3: Resul
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CHAPTER15 A Physical Travel Method
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15.1 Creating A Haptic Controller b
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15.2 Enabling Physical Travel 139 W
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15.2 Enabling Physical Travel 141 t
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15.2 Enabling Physical Travel 143 r
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CHAPTER16 Evaluating the Effects of
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16.1 The Haptic Travel Experiment 1
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16.1 The Haptic Travel Experiment 1
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16.2 Experimental Results 151 (a) (
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16.2 Experimental Results 153 pare
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16.2 Experimental Results 155 Figur
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CHAPTER17 Conclusions In contrast t
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Part V CONCLUSIONS AND FUTURE RESEA
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162 General Conclusions concepts of
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164 Directions for Further Research
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APPENDIXA Publications [Quax 03] P.
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APPENDIXB Dutch Summary - Samenvatt
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APPENDIXC C.1 Interactive Door Obje
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C.1 Interactive Door Object 173 <
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C.2 Physical Interactive Door Objec
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REFERENCES [3ds Max 07] Autodesk 3d
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179 Almitos, 1995. [Cal3D 07] Cal3D
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181 [Granny3D 07] Granny3D. http: /
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183 [Magnusson 02] C. Magnusson, K.
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185 Interaction, vol. 7, no. 4, pag
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187 Constraints for Articulated Fig
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DOCTORAATSPROEFSCHRIFT - EDM - UHasselt

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