DOCTORAATSPROEFSCHRIFT - EDM - UHasselt

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6 Contributions all virtual interactions in the VE. Also, the system allows for instant integration of new, ‘unknown’ interactive objects during simulation; • the ExtReAM library, a plug-in-based animation library. This library will enable us to improve realism by enabling physical simulation and more dynamic animations for objects and user embodiments which can result in better VE experiences and higher levels of presence if used properly. ExtReAM is built around an object-oriented, platform-independent core that can easily be extended with plug-ins. While the core system provides functionality for managing plug-ins and objects, the plug-ins are responsible for more specific tasks such as object loading and various animation techniques. Different plug-ins can be used for different platforms, when necessary, and plug-ins need to be loaded only when their functionality is required. In this way, ExtReAM is prepared for next generation VEs on different platforms; • the physical interactive object approach, an extension of the basic interactive object approach, that increases the realism of the interactive world by employing rigid body simulation to calculate all actor and object movements. Furthermore, it allows objects to contain physical actions and properties as well. The extended animation and simulation functionalities are provided by integrating the ExtReAM library. By combining realistic simulation with our dynamic interaction mechanism, much more lively virtual worlds can be achieved with minimal effort; • new techniques for interacting with virtual environments. We show how inverse kinematics can be used to increase the interaction possibilities through realistic direct avatar control. This allows for easy, on-the-fly creation of new interactions. Furthermore, we present a way to couple stable haptic force feedback to rigid body simulation in order to achieve haptic travel in dynamic VEs. Through the use of a haptic IO device, we provide the user with a realistic way to control an animated avatar’s travel in a VE. Furthermore, we show how several physically simulated forces based on changes in the terrain and avatar collisions, influence travel and give the user feedback on what is happening to its virtual representation; increasing his feeling of presence; • formal and informal evaluations of all of the proposed solutions and techniques through experimentation, integration in real-world applications or usability testing.
Although the field we are working in is closely related to the rising field of virtual autonomous actors, we must stress that this is not the field we are considering. However, there are several links, and where they appear, they will be mentioned. Another field that is closely related to NVEs is the field of computer games. The main difference between games and the NVEs we consider is that in contrast to games, that aim at entertaining the user and trying to have him play as much as possible, professional NVEs are mostly created with a specific goal in mind. They are tools for achieving a mutual goal. These goals can include simulation, education, training, a medical procedure, etc. As a result of their difference in nature, games tend to outperform professional NVEs with respect to usability and certainly aesthetics. Professional NVEs tend to spend less attention on these subjects, and NVE developers focus more on correctness and quality of the tasks at hand. It is clear that both fields can learn from each other, therefore, we will investigate techniques that are often only used in games, but that can be useful for professional NVEs, as well. 7
Page 1: DOCTORAATSPROEFSCHRIFT 2008 | Schoo
Page 5 and 6: Acknowledgments A researcher’s wo
Page 7 and 8: Abstract The field of networked vir
Page 9 and 10: Contents Acknowledgments i Abstract
Page 11 and 12: CONTENTS vii 8.1.2 Inverse Kinemati
Page 13 and 14: AI Artificial Intelligent AOI Area
Page 15 and 16: List of Figures 1.1 The different s
Page 17 and 18: LIST OF FIGURES xiii 10.1 Illustrat
Page 19 and 20: General Introduction The idea of cr
Page 21 and 22: Problem Statement One way of explai
Page 23: Contributions The overall purpose o
Page 27 and 28: This dissertation comprises five pa
Page 29: Part I BACKGROUND
Page 32 and 33: 14 TABLE OF CONTENTS
Page 34 and 35: 16 Defining Interactive Virtual Rea
Page 46 and 47: 28 A Brief Historical Overview Figu
Page 48 and 49: 30 A Brief Historical Overview comm
Page 50 and 51: 32 A Brief Historical Overview Figu
Page 52 and 53: 34 A Brief Historical Overview 2.2
Page 54 and 55: 36 A Brief Historical Overview (a)
Page 57 and 58: Table of Contents 3 Introduction 41
Page 59 and 60: CHAPTER3 Introduction In the genera
Page 61 and 62: Another interesting point, in the c
Page 63 and 64: CHAPTER4 Related Work While modelin
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5.3 The Interaction Layer 57 Listin
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5.3 The Interaction Layer 59 Task 3
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5.3 The Interaction Layer 61 Figure
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5.4 Network Distribution and Simula
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5.5 Evaluation of the Interactive O
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CHAPTER6 Conclusions In this part,
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Part III CREATING MORE REALISTIC DY
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76 TABLE OF CONTENTS
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78 Introduction to recent advances
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80 Introduction
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82 Related Work Figure 8.1: A model
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84 Related Work Figure 8.3: Illustr
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86 Related Work Figure 8.4: Ragdoll
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88 Related Work
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90 The ExtReAM Library: Extensible
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102 A Physically Simulated Dynamic
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110 Conclusions application develop
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Table of Contents 12 Introduction 1
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CHAPTER12 Introduction In the first
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117 effector of the IK chain of an
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CHAPTER13 Related Work In order to
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121 the rendering of rather static
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123 temperature and galvanic skin r
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CHAPTER14 An Avatar Control Method
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14.2 A Direct Avatar Controller Exp
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14.3 Distributing Animation Informa
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14.4 Results 131 frame, resulting i
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14.4 Results 133 Figure 14.3: Resul
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CHAPTER15 A Physical Travel Method
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15.1 Creating A Haptic Controller b
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15.2 Enabling Physical Travel 139 W
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15.2 Enabling Physical Travel 141 t
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15.2 Enabling Physical Travel 143 r
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CHAPTER16 Evaluating the Effects of
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16.1 The Haptic Travel Experiment 1
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16.1 The Haptic Travel Experiment 1
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16.2 Experimental Results 151 (a) (
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16.2 Experimental Results 153 pare
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16.2 Experimental Results 155 Figur
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CHAPTER17 Conclusions In contrast t
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Part V CONCLUSIONS AND FUTURE RESEA
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162 General Conclusions concepts of
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164 Directions for Further Research
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APPENDIXA Publications [Quax 03] P.
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APPENDIXB Dutch Summary - Samenvatt
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APPENDIXC C.1 Interactive Door Obje
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C.1 Interactive Door Object 173 <
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C.2 Physical Interactive Door Objec
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REFERENCES [3ds Max 07] Autodesk 3d
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179 Almitos, 1995. [Cal3D 07] Cal3D
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181 [Granny3D 07] Granny3D. http: /
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183 [Magnusson 02] C. Magnusson, K.
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185 Interaction, vol. 7, no. 4, pag
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187 Constraints for Articulated Fig
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