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I. ULUSLARARASI FİZİKSEL AKTİVİTE, BESLENME VE SAĞLIK KONGRESİ 1 st INTERNATIONAL PHYSICAL ACTIVITY, NUTRITION AND HEALTH CONGRESS amaçlarına ve özelliklerine göre kuvvet ve esneklik egzersizlerinin şiddet, kapsam ve sıklığı ayarlanmalıdır. 23 – 26 KASIM 2011 WOW KREMLİN PALACE, ANTALYA, TÜRKİYE 23 – 26 NOVEMBER 2011 WOW KREMLIN PALACE, ANTALYA, TURKEY 28
I. ULUSLARARASI FİZİKSEL AKTİVİTE, BESLENME VE SAĞLIK KONGRESİ 1 st INTERNATIONAL PHYSICAL ACTIVITY, NUTRITION AND HEALTH CONGRESS Is Physical Activity A Key Component of Obesity Prevention and Treatment? Dr. Ali ÖZKAN Baskent University, Faculty of Health Sciences, Department of <strong>Spor</strong>t Sciences, Ankara, Turkey Nowadays obesity is among the major sanitary problems of the developed countries as well as developing countries. In general, obesity is the excess of the physical weight compared to physical height and that the fat mass of the body is more than non-fat mass of the body. As it is well known, the nutrition is an indispensable need from birth till death. It makes it possible for the human being to get necessary sufficient and well-balanced nourishing contributions and to use them in its body for growing, developing and pursuing a long healthy and productive life. To be able to live a healthy life, it is necessary to protect the balance between the input and the consumption of energy. The adipose (greasy) tissue constitutes 15-18 % of the physical weight of the adult man and 20-25 % of the physical weight of the adult woman. When this proportion exceeds the rate of 25 % in men and the rate of 30% in women, we talk about the formation of obesity. Also World Health Organization defines overweight and obesity as "Abnormal or excessive fat accumulation in fat tissues in a degree to cause a health problem". When the energetic input exceeds the energy consumption, the energy that was not consumed is stored in the body and then we talk about the appearance of obesity. Overweight and obesity are major risk factors for a number of diseases, including hypertension, type 2 diabetes mellitus, cardiovascular diseases (coronary artery disease), some cancer types (gall bladder, endometrium, ovary and breast cancers in women, colon and prostate cancers in men) and musculoskeletal system problems. Prevention from obesity has a great importance. The aim of obesity treatment is; to target a realistic weight loss, to decrease the risk of obesity related morbidity and mortality, to give individuals a balanced diet habit and increase the quality of life. Even a 10% weight loss in 6 months can prevent most of the health problems caused by obesity. The methods used in the obesity treatment are gathered under 5 groups. (Medical nutrition (Diet) treatment, exercise treatment, behavioral change treatment, medicine treatment, surgical treatment). Exercise and physical activity treatment plays important role in obesity treatment. Studies reported that regularly engaging in physical activity and exercise play important role in weight management. Physical activity is defined as any bodily movement produced by skeletal muscles that requires energy expenditure. Physical inactivity (lack of physical activity) has been identified as the fourth leading risk factor for global mortality (6% of deaths globally). Regular physical activity and exercise help to improve physical fitness (aerobic fitness, muscular fitness, flexibility and body composition) of individuals and therefore promotes a healthy life style. However in order for the exercise to realize in weight management in obese individual, the exercise program should have standardized principles. For instance to develop aerobic fitness, the obese individual should engage in dynamic and rhythmic activities that involve large muscle groups of the body. Examples for these types of activities are walking, jogging, cycling, swimming, squatting exercises, arm and leg movements, head and body movements). To get a benefit from an exercise program for obese individual these types of exercises should be performed at 3-5 days per week, with 20- 60 minutes of durations. and in order to get a benefit form an aerobic exercise the intensity should be between 55-70 % of maximum heart rate. Exercise program should also involve muscular fitness and flexibility exercises. Strength exercises should be applied to all large 23 – 26 KASIM 2011 WOW KREMLİN PALACE, ANTALYA, TÜRKİYE 23 – 26 NOVEMBER 2011 WOW KREMLIN PALACE, ANTALYA, TURKEY 29
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