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Multi-Sensory Stimulation in 24-hour Dementia Care - Nivel

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experimental group was significantly more depressed at basel<strong>in</strong>e than the control<br />

groups.<br />

The second study on rem<strong>in</strong>iscence was conducted by Namazi and Haynes (1994) and<br />

<strong>in</strong>vestigated the effects of <strong>Sensory</strong> Rem<strong>in</strong>iscence on apathy among nurs<strong>in</strong>g home<br />

residents <strong>in</strong> the United States. The experimental group attended <strong>Sensory</strong><br />

Rem<strong>in</strong>iscence Group sessions of 30 m<strong>in</strong>utes, 3 times weekly for 4 weeks. The sensorystimulation<br />

part consisted of colored photographs of objects and sounds related to the<br />

objects. Participants <strong>in</strong> the control group attended discussion sessions <strong>in</strong> which the<br />

events of the day and future times were discussed, without the aid of sensory stimuli<br />

for 30 m<strong>in</strong>utes, 3 times a week, for 4 weeks. Both groups were led by a tra<strong>in</strong>ed<br />

<strong>in</strong>structor. Namazi and Haynes found no significant differences between the<br />

experimental group and the control group.<br />

Psychomotor therapy<br />

Two studies <strong>in</strong>to the effects of psychomotor therapy were <strong>in</strong>cluded. The aim of<br />

psychomotor therapy is to help people with dementia to cope with the changes they<br />

encounter as a consequence of their disease. Sport<strong>in</strong>g activities and games are used to<br />

stimulate cognitive and psychosocial functions (Dröes, 1991). The first study was<br />

performed by Hopman-Rock et al. (1999) and measured the effects of psychomotor<br />

therapy on apathy and depression among cognitive impaired residents of homes for<br />

the elderly <strong>in</strong> the Netherlands. The experimental group attended Psychomotor<br />

Activation Program Group sessions provided by tra<strong>in</strong>ed activity therapists. They were<br />

offered the opportunity to participate <strong>in</strong> the sessions twice a week, for 6 months.<br />

Participants were <strong>in</strong>cluded <strong>in</strong> the analysis when they had attended at least 15 sessions<br />

dur<strong>in</strong>g this period. The control group participated <strong>in</strong> usual activities. Hopman-Rock<br />

et al. found no significant changes <strong>in</strong> the scores of the experimental or the control<br />

group.<br />

The second study on the effects of psychomotor therapy, reported by Dröes (1991),<br />

<strong>in</strong>vestigated the effects of Psychomotor Therapy on depression, aggression and apathy<br />

among nurs<strong>in</strong>g home residents <strong>in</strong> the Netherlands. The experimental group attended<br />

Psychomotor Therapy group sessions of 45 m<strong>in</strong>utes, 3 times a week dur<strong>in</strong>g 11<br />

months. The sessions were conducted by a graduate (the author) and a doctoral<br />

student Human Movement Sciences. The participants <strong>in</strong> the control group attended<br />

Activity Group sessions with the same <strong>in</strong>tensity. Dröes found significantly lower<br />

aggression scores after the psychomotor therapy <strong>in</strong> patients with more functional<br />

disorders (PADL

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