Phenobarbital and its Sodium Salt - IARC Monographs on the ...

Table 3. Promotion of preneoplastic <strong>and</strong> neoplastic liver lesions by phenobarbital (PB) or sodium phenobarbital
(NaPB) in mice, rats, hamsters <strong>and</strong> monkeys initiated by various carcinogens
Strain (sex) Initiator, dose, route
<strong>and</strong> duration
Mouse
C57BL/6,
C3H <strong>and</strong>
DBA2 (M)
NDEA, 90 mg/kg bw,
ip × 1
D2B6F 1 (M) NDEA, 90 mg/kg bw,
ip × 1
C3H,
C57BL/6 <strong>and</strong>
BALB/c (M)
NDEA 20 h after PH,
20 mg/kg bw, ip × 1
B6C3F 1 (M) NDEA, 35 mg/kg bw,
ip × 2/week/8 weeks
Interval
between
initiator <strong>and</strong>
promoter
Dose <strong>and</strong> duration of PB or
NaPB <strong>and</strong> route
2 weeks PB, 0.05% in water,
52 weeks
2 weeks PB, 0.05% diet up to
53 weeks (NDEA alone,
110 weeks)
Promoting or anti-promoting effects
on preneoplastic or neoplastic
hepatocellular lesions
Percentage of mice with tumours
C57BL/6: NDEA, 20%; NDEA + PB,
30%
C3H: NDEA, 90%; NDEA + PB,
100%
DBA/2: NDEA, 40%; NDEA + PB,
100%
Percentage of mice with tumours
NDEA: adenomas, 97%; carcinomas,
40%; hepatoblastomas, 10%
NDEA + PB: adenomas, 96%;
carcinomas, 90%; hepatoblastomas,
77%
6 h PB, 0.05% diet, 20 weeks Total volume of EAIs:
C3H: NDEA, 710/cm 3 ; NDEA + PB,
83824/cm 3
C57BL/6: NDEA, 83/cm 3 ; NDEA
+ PB, 131/cm 3
BALB/c: NDEA, 140/cm 3 ; NDEA
+ PB, 5452/cm 3
12 weeks PB, 0.05% diet, 60 days Altered foci per liver (NDEA, 407;
NDEA + PB, 696); PB removed for
30 days (NDEA + PB, 95)
Reference
Diwan et al.
(1986a)
Diwan et al.
(1995)
Lee et al.
(1989)
Kolaja et al.
(1996a)
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<strong>IARC</strong> MONOGRAPHS VOLUME 79