Phenobarbital and its Sodium Salt - IARC Monographs on the ...

Table 5. Tumours in other organs initiated by various carcinogens <strong>and</strong> promoted by phenobarbital (PB) or
sodium phenobarbital (NaPB)
Strain (sex) Initiator, dose, route
<strong>and</strong> duration
Lung
Mouse
Swiss
(M <strong>and</strong> F)
ddy
(pregnant)
Rat
Urethane, 4%, 1 mL,
sc × 1
ENU, 50 mg/kg bw,
ip × 1, on gestation
day 16
Wistar (NR) MNU, 30 mg/kg bw,
iv × 1
Bladder
Mouse
C57BL/6
(M/F)
Rat
Fischer 344
(M)
NBHPA, 0.022% or
NDBA, 0.024% in
water for life
FANFT, 0.2% diet,
6 weeks
Interval
between
initiator <strong>and</strong>
promoter
Dose, route <strong>and</strong> duration of PB
or NaPB
0 day PB, 2%, 0.1 mL, sc × 1/day,
6 days, before urethane;
PB, 2%, 0.1 mL, sc × 1/day,
8 days
4 weeks PB, 0.05% diet to offspring,
4 weeks to 6 months of age
7 months PB, 0.5% diet or NaPB, 0.05%
in water, 15–16 months
None NaPB, 1 mg/mL in water,
starting 1 week before initiation
<strong>and</strong> continued concurrently
1 week PB, 0.05% diet,
86 weeks
Promoting effects on preneoplastic
<strong>and</strong>/or neoplastic
lesions
PB before urethane: inhibition
of tumour formation; PB after
urethane: no effect
Reference
Adenis et al.
(1970)
No promotion by PB Tsuchiya et al.
(1984)
Promotion by PB <strong>and</strong> NaPB Pollard & Luckert
(1997)
No effect on NBHPA-induced
tumours; prolonged tumour
induction by NDBA
PB promoted bladder
carcinogenesis
Bertram & Craig
(1972)
Wang et al.
(1983)
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<strong>IARC</strong> MONOGRAPHS VOLUME 79