Phenobarbital and its Sodium Salt - IARC Monographs on the ...

Table 1 (contd)
Country (reference) Population; outcome
measure (size);
recruitment period/
follow-up period
Engl<strong>and</strong>
(White et al., 1979)
USA, Minnesota
(Shirts et al., 1986)
Epilepsy patients;
SMR (1980);
1931–71/1951–77
Patients with seizure
disorders; SIR (959);
1935–79/1935–82
Treatment
modality
Anticonvulsants
(long term)
including
phenobarbital
Cancer site Relative risk
(95% CI)
All cancers
Brain
All except brain
Lung
Liver
Lymphoma <strong>and</strong>
leukaemia
Not specified All cancers
Brain
Length of follow-up
(years)
0–4
5–9
≥ 10
All except brain
Lung
Medication:
Yes
No
1.5
4.1
1.4
1.4
0.0
1.3
1.4
24
47
12
5.9
1.1
2.7
(1.2–1.9)
(1.5–8.9)
(1.1–1.8)
(0.9–2.1)
(0.0–12)
(0.5–2.1)
(1.1–1.8)
(14–39)
Comments
∼ 0.3 cases expected
(26–82)
(1.4–43)
(0.7–21)
(0.8–1.4)
(1.2–5.2) Seven of nine lung
Liver No cases observed cancers diagnosed during
Lymphoma <strong>and</strong>
leukaemia
2.9 (1.0–5.0) first 5 years of follow-up
All except brain
0.9
1.3
(0.6–1.4)
(0.8–2.0)
Primarily phenobarbital
<strong>and</strong> phenytoin
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<strong>IARC</strong> MONOGRAPHS VOLUME 79