Phenobarbital and its Sodium Salt - IARC Monographs on the ...

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Table 3 (contd) AAF, 2-acetylaminofluorene AFB 1, aflatoxin B 1 B[a]P, benzo[a]pyrene DMAB, 3,3′-dimethyl-4-aminobiphenyl EAI, enzyme-altered isl<strong>and</strong> F, female FANFT, N-[4-(5-nitro-2-furyl)-2-thiazolyl]formamide G6PDH, glucose 6-phosphate dehydrogenase γ-GT, γ-glutamyl transferase GST, glutathione S-transferase GST-P, glutathione S-transferase placental form ig, intragastrically ip, intraperitoneally IQ, 2-amino-3-methylimidazo[4,5-f]quinoline iv, intravenously M, male MAMA, methylazoxymethanol acetate 3′-Me-DAB, 3′-methyl-4-(dimethylamino)azobenzene MMTS, S-methyl methanethiosulfonate MNU, N-methyl-N-nitrosourea NBHPA, N-nitrosobis(2-hydroxypropyl)amine NDEA, N-nitrosodiethylamine NEHEA, N-nitrosoethyl-N-hydroxyethylamine NMOR, N-nitrosomorpholine NOAEL, no-observed-adverse-effect level N-OH-AABP, N-hydroxy-4-acylaminobiphenyl N-OH-AAF, N-hydroxy-2-acetylaminofluorene N-OH-FABP, N-hydroxy-4-formylaminobiphenyl NR, not reported PAS, periodic acid-Schiff PH, partial hepatectomy sc, subcutaneously SPF, specific pathogen-free TCDD, 2,3,7,8-tetrachloro-para-dibenzodioxin TGF-α, transforming growth factor α 196 <strong>IARC</strong> MONOGRAPHS VOLUME 79
Table 4. Promotion of thyroid tumours in rats initiated by various carcinogens <strong>and</strong> promoted by phenobarbital (PB) or sodium phenobarbital (NaPB) Strain (sex) Initiator, dose, route <strong>and</strong> duration Wistar (M) NBHPA, 70 mg/kg bw per week, sc × 1 per week, 6 weeks Wistar (M) NBHPA, 2800 mg/kg bw, sc Wistar (M <strong>and</strong> F) Wistar (M), castrated at week 2 or at beginning Fischer 344 (M) Fischer 344 (M <strong>and</strong> F) Fischer 344 (M) NBHPA, 2100 mg/kg bw (M), 4200 mg/kg bw (F), ip NBHPA, 2100 mg/kg bw, ip, week 1 NDEA, 75 mg/kg bw × 1, ip MNU, 0.05 mmol/kg bw, iv × 1 per week, 4 weeks, or 0.2 mmol/kg bw, iv × 1 NBHPA, 1000 mg/kg bw, ip × 1 + (250 mg/kg bw, ip × 3, fortnightly, 3 weeks later) Interval between initiator <strong>and</strong> promoter Dose, route <strong>and</strong> duration of PB or NaPB 1 week PB, 500 mg/kg diet, 12 weeks 1 week PB, 500 mg/kg diet, 6, 12 or 19 weeks 1 week PB, 20, 100, 500 or 2500 mg/kg diet, 19 weeks 1 week PB, 500 mg/kg diet, 38 weeks 2 weeks PB, 500 mg/kg diet, 45– 71 weeks None, 2 or 5 weeks PB, 0.05% in water with or following MNU 1 week PB, 0.05% in water, 22 weeks Promoting effects on preneoplastic <strong>and</strong>/or neoplastic thyroid lesions Follicular-cell neoplasms; NBHPA, 23%; NBHPA + PB, 100% Follicular-cell adenomas at 19 weeks: NBHPA, 37%; NBHPA + PB, 87% Thyroid tumours; 500 mg/kg diet, 3-fold yield in M only; 2500 mg/kg diet, 8-fold in M <strong>and</strong> 3-fold in F Follicular-cell adenomas; NBHPA, 20%; NBHPA + PB, 75%; castrated at week 2, 30%; castrated at beginning, 20% Follicular-cell tumours at 71 weeks NDEA, 0/15; NDEA + PB, 5/15 Follicular-cell tumours; PB promotion by both simultaneous <strong>and</strong> subsequent administration Follicular-cell adenomas; NBHPA, 3/15; NBHPA + PB, 9/15 Reference Hiasa et al. (1982) Hiasa et al. (1983) Hiasa et al. (1985) Hiasa et al. (1987) Diwan et al. (1988) Diwan et al. (1985) Moore et al. (1986) PHENOBARBITAL AND ITS SODIUM SALT 197
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in CYP1A2 expression was also seen.
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Table 6 (contd) Test system Result
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Table 6 (contd) Test system Result
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Table 6 (contd) Test system Inhibit
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Table 6 (contd) Test system Inhibit
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PHENOBARBITAL AND ITS SODIUM SALT 2
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these tumours was a CG → AT trans
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5. Summary of Data Reported <strong
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