THE VARIED ROLES OF SNAILS - National Universities Commission

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(known as the lancet fluke). This fluke is a very common biliary parasite of sheep and other herbivores and accidentally infects Man in Japan and China, Europe, N. Africa far East and Northern Asia. Eggs passed in faeces are ingested by land snails Limicolaria Cercariae appear in slime balls secreted by the snails and are eaten by ants of the genus Formica in which the metacercariae develop. Infection occurs when the hosts accidentally eat the ants while feeding. Spurious infections have occurred in persons who ate infected sheep liver and can pass eggs in faeces for about a week or several days. (ii) Eurytrema pancreaticum, is a related fluke and is commonly present in the pancreas, is a related fluke and is commonly present in the pancreatic duct of cattle, sheep and monkeys. Occasional human infection has been noticed in China and Japan. (iii) Intestinal Flukes: A number of fluke parasites parasitize the human intestine. These include Heterophyes, Metagonimus, Wastonium and Echinostoma. Only one fluke Gastrodiscoides hominis parasitizes the human large intestine. The snail intermediate hosts for these are presented in table 7. 86
Table 7: Showing a list of trematode parasites, their intermediate hosts and reservoir hosts. S/N Trematode Parasite Snail Intermediate Hosts 1. Heterophyes Pironella Cerithidea Other Hosts Cats, dogs foxes and otherfish eating mammala 2. Metagonimus Pironella 2 nd host Trout, Reservior dogs, cats, pigs, pelican and other fish 3. Metorchis Freshwater snails eating birds. Sled dogs and freshwater fish (white sucker) 4. Watsonium not known Primates Africa Asia. in 5. Gastrodiscoides Freshwater Pigs, monkeys, snails mouse deers. and 6. Echino stoma Snails and Man Fresh snails water 7. Alaria Achatina Man, foxes and 87
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THE VARIED ROLES OF SNAILS (GASTROP
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1820 and twice that in 1930 (Martin
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contributions of snails to human ex
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a.) Production from the wild (wild
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Gastropods I: Terrestrial or Garden
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contracts and expands and this crea
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live on the surface so that they ca
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Many members of the Carrier shell f
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Most bivalves reproduce by laying m
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the snails, what is true of one spe
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principle, is a rasping tongue with
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sculptural defenses against crushin
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Fig. 6: Shells of different freshwa
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ight larval retractor i.e. establis
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(iii) The hypertrophy of the right
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ys two present kidneys 5. Operculum
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organs of some species and found si
Page 35 and 36: imperative for the ecosystem dynami
Page 37 and 38: oth of a direct and an indirect nat
Page 39 and 40: females.. Self fertilization is a c
Page 41 and 42: emerges and goes on a binge of repl
Page 43 and 44: of spermatozoa in males or stimulat
Page 45 and 46: d. LIFE CYCLE & LIFE BUDGET SUDIES:
Page 47 and 48: competitively loosely packed. With
Page 49 and 50: digestible vegetable. Tough plants
Page 51 and 52: Birds Various ducks Storks Kites Ot
Page 53 and 54: when mineral ions form chelate comp
Page 55 and 56: produce stress. Thus snail distribu
Page 57 and 58: Protein (g): 16 Availablecarbohydra
Page 59 and 60: or cocoyam, and palm oil or pea nut
Page 61 and 62: 1925, 1931, at Angola and Namibia;
Page 63 and 64: meat with garlic. British species a
Page 65 and 66: 4. Helicinidae 5. Fissurellidae 6.
Page 67 and 68: Helix nucuea Helix aperta Arianta a
Page 69 and 70: Archachatina calachatina marinae Ar
Page 71 and 72: sites in North Africa but are also
Page 73 and 74: infect man or animals. The five pri
Page 75 and 76: Okafor (1989, 1990, and 1992), Ozum
Page 77 and 78: P. aurita P. byronensis Gyraulus G.
Page 79 and 80: one miracidium the potential of pro
Page 81 and 82: In the snail the miracidium metamor
Page 83 and 84: While Potadoma and Semisulcospira s
Page 85: Clonorchiasis is caused by Clonorch
Page 89 and 90: promising and show reduction of pai
Page 91 and 92: memory loss have a devastating cons
Page 93 and 94: acteria. This bacteriostatic activi
Page 95 and 96: The thin, quickly leached soils of
Page 97 and 98: Snails are also pests of crops wher
Page 99 and 100: (f) The management of the snail far
Page 101 and 102: flakes or maize chaffs and mostly g
Page 103 and 104: important that they are separated i
Page 105 and 106: The profit = 1, 800,000 - 30,000 =
Page 107 and 108: designs that are very attractive an
Page 109 and 110: cornuarietis or of flatworms as bio
Page 111 and 112: In few location of the world, snail
Page 113 and 114: damages to crops. So, they must be
Page 115 and 116: 115
Page 117 and 118: The Nigerian Field, 44 (4), 130-144
Page 119 and 120: 19. Asibey, E. O. A. and child, G.
Page 121 and 122: 32. Dei, G. J. S. (1989). Hunting a
Page 123 and 124: J. moll. Studies, 64 (2), 173-181.
Page 125 and 126: 56. Lux moore, R. (1985). Game farm
Page 127 and 128: 69. Okafor, F. C. (1989). Consumpti
Page 129 and 130: Proc. Symposium organized by the Br
Page 131 and 132: Chronicle Nautilus Batavia, 104,278
Page 133 and 134: Achatina fulicaBowdich,1822 Shell s
Page 135 and 136: Achatina immaculata Lamarck,1822 Sh
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Achatina stuhlmanni von Martens,189
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Columna leai(Tryon, 1866) : São To
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Shells of Gyraulus costulatus 141
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Shells of Biomphalaria pfeifferi 14
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Shells of Lanistes varicus and oper
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147
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Courtesy of Yurii Yashin Courtesy o
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Yurii Yashin Yurii Yashin Yurii Yas
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THE VARIED ROLES OF SNAILS - National Universities Commission

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