Grouted Macadam: Material Characterisation for Pavement Design

List of Contents
Figure 3.2 – Core extracted from a typical grouted macadam slab 41
Figure 3.3 – Summary of the aggregate gradations obtained from literature 50
Figure 3.4 – Effect of aggregate types on the indirect tensile stiffness modulus
of grouted macadam at different test temperatures at 28 days
(Setyawan, 2003) 51
Figure 3.5 – Distribution of polished stone values in Granite and Limestone
rocks (Adapted from Collis and Fox, 1985 (after Hartley, 1970,
1971)) 52
Figure 3.6 – Effect of bitumen type on the Indirect Tensile Stiffness Modulus
of grouted macadam at different curing ages (Setyawan, 2003) 53
Figure 3.7 – Effect of bitumen type on the Indirect Tensile Stiffness Modulus
of grouted macadam at different test temperatures
(Setyawan, 2003) 54
Figure 3.8 – Fatigue lines of grouted macadams based on initial strain
(Adapted from Setyawan, 2003) 54
Figure 3.9 – Marsh flow cone (Anderton, 2000) 56
Figure 3.10 – Densiphalt ® funnel (Densit, 2000) 57
Figure 3.11 – Effect of cementitious grout on the indirect tensile stiffness
modulus of 28 days cured grouted macadam at different test
temperatures (Setyawan, 2003) 58
Figure 3.12 – Summary of stiffness modulus of Hardicrete vs temperature at
different stress levels (Boundy, 1979) 60
Figure 3.13 – Reduction in stiffness modulus of Hardicrete with repeated
testing – 2-day samples (Boundy, 1979) 61
Figure 3.14 – Initial tensile strain vs Fatigue life of Hardicrete (Boundy, 1979) 61
Figure 3.15 – RMP fatigue curves at three test temperatures
(Adapted from Anderton, 2000) 62
Figure 3.16 – Initial strain vs Fatigue life for Densiphalt ®
(Collop and Elliott, 1999) 63
Figure 3.17 – Results for dynamic stiffness modulus of Densiphalt ® determined
by the frequency sweep tests (Pelgröm, 2000) 64
Figure 3.18 – Results of the fatigue tests (Adapted from Pelgröm, 2000) 64
Figure 3.19 – Master curve for the stiffness of ‘combi-layer’ in a four-point
bending test at 14 ºC (van de Ven and Molenaar, 2004) 66
Figure 3.20 – Regression lines for fatigue of combi-layer at 8 Hz
(van de Ven and Molenaar, 2004) 66
Figure 3.21 – Fatigue lines of one grouted macadam obtained from different
test types (Data obtained from Setyawan, 2003) 67
Figure 4.1 – Loading scheme of the specimens in the four-point bending test
BS EN 12697-24 (BSI, 2004d) 71
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