Grouted Macadam: Material Characterisation for Pavement Design

List of Contents
Table 5.2 – Gradation and Particle Density of the aggregate used in
the project 87
Table 5.3 – Penetration and Softening Point values of the bitumens used
during the project 88
Table 5.4 – Air voids content of the porous asphalt skeleton 89
Table 5.5 – Compressive and flexural strength of the grouts used 93
Table 5.6 – Drying shrinkage of the grouts investigated 94
Table 5.7 – Stiffness modulus of the standard grout 95
Table 5.8 – Coefficient of thermal expansion (α) obtained for the standard
grouted macadam mixture and for the grout used 96
Table 5.9 – Time elapsed before loading and corresponding vertical strain 97
Table 5.10 – Material properties obtained in the Early-life Tests at 20 ºC 99
Table 5.11 – Stiffness modulus of standard grouted macadam, from ITSM
tests 101
Table 5.12 – Effect of ageing on the stiffness modulus of grouted macadam 103
Table 5.13 – Stiffness modulus and phase angle of standard grouted macadam
at 0 and 20 ºC 105
Table 6.1 – Maximum tensile strain at failure in thermal cracking tests 135
Table 7.1 – Voids content obtained for different binder contents 149
Table 7.2 – GDP test results and equivalent FWD values 157
Table 7.3 – Average thickness of each section of the surface course 162
Table 8.1 – Design characteristics of pavement foundations 185
Table 8.2 – Mechanical properties of considered materials 186
Table 8.3 – Shift factor obtained for each fatigue line 190
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