Grouted Macadam: Material Characterisation for Pavement Design

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Chapter 2 Review of “Traditional” Road Pavement Types and Design interventions were judged). Design curves for granular and lean concrete bases were also created, but the design concepts were less developed (Powell et al., 1984). Figure 2.14 – Critical stresses and strains in a bituminous pavement (Powell et al., 1984) Figure 2.15 – Design curve for roads with bituminous base (Powell et al., 1984) 30
Chapter 2 Review of “Traditional” Road Pavement Types and Design The design curves were based on a subgrade strength characterized by a value of 5% in the California Bearing Ratio (CBR) test and the sub-base thickness was assumed to be at least 225 mm. A capping layer underneath the sub-base was recommended on subgrades weaker than 5% CBR. This was to provide an adequate construction platform and also to reduce the dynamic vertical strain at formation level. For pavements with a high bituminous thickness, used in heavily trafficked roads, or for the introduction of new bituminous materials, Powell et al. (1984) suggested the use of a uniaxial creep test to determine the creep characteristics of the material, in order to assess the permanent deformation susceptibility of the pavement within the bituminous layers. The concept of a design life is particularly important for pavements, since they do not fail suddenly but gradually deteriorate over a period of time. This is essentially a fatigue phenomenon, in the sense that the deterioration results from both the magnitude and the number of load applications the pavement experiences (Brown and Brunton, 1985). Due to the limitations in the design of pavements using the empirical methods, an analytical approach was developed in the University of Nottingham. The philosophy behind that approach is that the structure should be treated in the same way as other civil engineering structures, the procedure for which may be summarised as follows (Brown and Brunton, 1985): 1. Specify the loading; 2. Estimate the size of components; 3. Consider the materials available; 4. Carry out a structural analysis using theoretical principles; 5. Compare critical stresses, strains or deflections with allowable values; 6. Make adjustments to materials or geometry until a satisfactory design is achieved; 7. Consider the economic feasibility of the result. The development of analytical design methods has been based on two failure modes and their respective critical strains. Thus, the failure modes considered are the 31
Page 1 and 2: GROUTED MACADAM - MATERIAL CHARACTE
Page 3 and 4: ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS The present projec
Page 5 and 6: LIST OF CONTENTS Abstract i Acknowl
Page 7 and 8: List of Contents 6 Grouted Macadams
Page 9 and 10: LIST OF FIGURES List of Contents Fi
Page 11 and 12: List of Contents Figure 4.2 - Grout
Page 13 and 14: List of Contents Figure 6.32 - Crac
Page 15 and 16: List of Contents Figure 8.12 - Infl
Page 17 and 18: LIST OF TABLES List of Contents Tab
Page 19 and 20: 1 INTRODUCTION 1.1 Background Road
Page 21 and 22: Chapter 1 Introduction These facts
Page 23 and 24: Chapter 1 Introduction is discussed
Page 25 and 26: Chapter 2 Review of “Traditional
Page 47: Chapter 2 Review of “Traditional
Page 57 and 58: 3 REVIEW OF GROUTED MACADAMS 3.1 In
Page 59 and 60: Chapter 3 Review of Grouted Macadam
Page 87 and 88: 4 DEVELOPMENT OF FOUR-POINT BENDING
Page 89 and 90: Chapter 4 Development of Four-Point
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Chapter 4 Development of Four-Point
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Chapter 4 Development of Four-Point
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5 BASIC CHARACTERISATION OF THE MAT
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Chapter 5 Basic Characterisation of
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6 GROUTED MACADAMS MIX DESIGN STUDY
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Chapter 6 Grouted Macadams Mix Desi
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7 DETERIORATION OF HALF-SCALE PAVEM
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Chapter 7 Deterioration of Half-Sca
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8 DEVELOPMENT OF DESIGN METHOD FOR
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Chapter 8 Development of Design Met
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9 CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS I
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Chapter 9 Conclusions and Recommend
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References Brown, S. F. and Brodric
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References Di Benedetto, H., De La
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References Osman, S. A., (2004). Th
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References van de Ven, M. F. C. and
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APPENDICES Appendix A: Engineering
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Stiffness (MPa) 25000 20000 15000 1
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Stiffness (MPa) 12000 11000 10000 9
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Stiffness (MPa) 10000 9500 9000 850
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Stiffness (MPa) 8500 8000 7500 7000
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Stiffness (MPa) 10000 9000 8000 700
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Fatigue life of the studied mixture
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Mixture Specimen Slab 05-0296 PTF -
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Stiffness Modulus of DBM 50 and sta
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Grouted Macadam: Material Characterisation for Pavement Design

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