WP 5 Analysis of present IWRM practices - Brahmatwinn

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1 Introduction Urban and industrial water users belong to the major water users in the basins. This report gives an overview about water users and quality in the river basins of the Upper Danube and Upper Brahmaputra. This deliverable was created in the frame of the EU project BRAHMATWINN – twinning European and South Asian River Basins to enhance capacity and implement adaptive management approaches. In a comparative analysis significant differences between both river basins were elaborated. A comprehensive assessment of major water users and quality requirements is a basic element for the development and implementation of IWRM strategies and plans. 2 Major water user demands in the UDRB The Danube River basin (A = 801.463 km², Q = 6.460 m3/s) shared by 18 countries is the second largest river basin in Europe. The Upper Danube River Basin (UDRB), is defined as the drainage area upstream of the river gauge “Achleiten”, located just downstream of the mouth of the Inn River into the Danube near Passau. The German percentage of the Danube River basin amounts approximately 73%, Austria 24% and the remaining 3% belong to Switzerland, Italy and the Czech Republic, see Fig. 1. In Germany the Danube River crosses with a length of 584 km the territories of the federal states Bavaria and Baden-Württemberg. The German Danube basin reaches in the territory of the two federal states Baden-Württemberg and Bavaria. In Baden-Württemberg is with 19% only less surface water in use. To 59% the water is direct extracted from groundwater resources, to 22% it is extracted from natural wells. The total withdrawal from the UDRB in Baden-Württemberg amounts 172 Mio.m 3 . In the Danube River in Austria and Switzerland is nearly no surface water extracted. This is a result of good hydro-geological circumstances. In the catchment area exist various cities which serve as important economic centers and they are characterized by a high population size and density. Additionally the alpine region is a major tourism centre in Europe in winter time as well as in summer. Extensive tourism in the alpine area has to be considered as well. As can be seen in the table, the total population in the German Danube River Basin amounts more than 9 million in an area of 56.295 km 2 . This corresponds to a population density of 160 habitants/ km 2 . Of the 9.2 million inhabitants living in the German Danube Basin, 41 % live in urban areas with more than 100,000 inhabitants (ICPDR 2007). Nearly one third of the population lives in the catchment area of the Isar River. The river passes the Bavarian capital Munich, which is one of the most density populated regions in the basin. In the German UDRB lives more than 10% of the population of the entire Danube River basin. Tab. 1: Population in the German Danube River Basin (BAYERISCHES LANDESAMT FÜR WASSERWIRTSCHAFT 2005). Region Area (km 2 ) 1.000 inhabitants Part of population (yr2000) / river basin Supreme Upper Danube 8.069 1.235 14 Iller-Lech 10.102 1.730 19 Isar 10.030 2.600 28 Inn 11.969 1.600 17 Altmühl/ Paar 6.702 1.280 14 Naab/ Regen 9..423 760 8 German Danube basin 56.295 9.205 100 4
In the Austrian part live aproximately 5,46 million people (north of the Alps, discharges to the Danube, including Inn, Salzach and Enns basins) (BUNDESMINISTERIUM FÜR LAND- UND FORSTWIRTSCHAFT, UMWELT UND WASSERWIRTSCHAFT 2005). In the Danube river valley are rich ground water basins, which are used for the public water supply. In the area of the “Ostalb” 1.5 to 2.0 m³/s groundwater as well as spring water are mined and used in the Basin of the Neckar. Withdrawal of water in the Upper Danube river basin is made for irrigation, for cooling systems and for hydropower applications. 28 withdrawals are located in the German parts of the UDRB and can be seen in the figure below. About five percent of the water exchange is taken from groundwater near-surface except the water of the Ostalb, where 25% is withdrawn (BAYERISCHES LANDESAMT FÜR WASSERWIRTSCHAFT 2005). One characteristic of the river is the Danube sinking in its upper stream, which occurs in consequence of the karst. Downstream the gauge Kirchen-Hausen 6 m 3 /s on average seeps away at 130 days a year. This water outcrops again at the Aach spring in the Rhine river basin (UMWELTMINISTERIUM BADEN-WÜRTTEMBERG 2008). Upper Danube River Basin (A = 76 653 km2) Germany Austria Switzerland, Italy and the Czech Republic 24% 3% Fig. 1: Percentages of countries within the UDRB 5 73%
Page 1 and 2: Project no: GOCE -036952 Project ac
Page 3 and 4: Summary The twinning Upper Danube R
Page 5 and 6: (approx. 55%) of the usable water r
Page 7 and 8: • In the UDRB substantial progres
Page 9 and 10: Project no: GOCE -036952 Project ac
Page 11: Directory of figures Fig. 1: Water
Page 15 and 16: 2.1 Public water supply The public
Page 17 and 18: amounts 90 Mio.m 3 (BUNDESMINISTERI
Page 19 and 20: • Transboundary conflicts and tre
Page 21 and 22: populated uplands and the densely p
Page 23 and 24: Tab. 4: Water resources and utiliza
Page 25 and 26: TAR has the lowest per capita indus
Page 27 and 28: Tab. 7: River water quality and was
Page 29 and 30: • Haihe River Water Resources Com
Page 31 and 32: area. The vibrant construction indu
Page 33 and 34: ) new settlements: where a rural wa
Page 35 and 36: Urbanization is also affecting the
Page 37 and 38: ) to enhance the reasonable sharing
Page 39 and 40: the lean flow of 304 cubic meters p
Page 41 and 42: IWMI (2005): Spatial Variation in W
Page 43 and 44: List of contributors Partner 1 FSU
Page 45 and 46: 1 Introduction IWRM in a trans-boun
Page 47 and 48: Danube region in comparison to the
Page 49 and 50: German Meteorological Service. The
Page 51 and 52: 2.1.4 Management in the Salzach bas
Page 53 and 54: Fig. 9: Salzach former (above) and
Page 55 and 56: iverbed sinking. The sinking of the
Page 57 and 58: 3 Water distribution strategies and
Page 59 and 60: The drainage area of the Yarlung Ts
Page 61 and 62: the basin underlain by permafrost r
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Other strategies: remove masses of
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The few that have been recorded in
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and an increase in intense rainfall
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A practicable judicious combination
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arrangements existed prior to the e
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Discharge in m3/s 5000 4500 4000 35
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Project no: GOCE -036952 Project ac
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Directory of figures Fig. 1: Non po
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Waste water discharges back through
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In the table is shown that nitrogen
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ate alone controls how fast (or slo
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Population in millions 45 40 35 30
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Fig. 5: 1991 - 2080 Tehsil wise pop
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3.2 Trends in Population Growth: Bh
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Tab. 6: Urban population projection
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Major water user in Bhutan is the p
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The Public Health Engineering Divis
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Percent 4 3,5 3 2,5 2 1,5 1 0,5 0 -
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Fig. 11: District population distri
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and approval. The statement assesse
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Project no: GOCE -036952 Project ac
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Directory of figures Fig. 1: Irriga
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Example of government aid for susta
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In Lhasa Gravity Irrigation is main
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36, Wuqi Duilongqu, the branch of L
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These problems have led to a very l
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The National Irrigation Policy was
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pesticides are effective when used
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• Region of Applicability of Resu
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up at Rs. 3.19 Crore for a target o
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References BAYRISCHER OBERSTER RECH
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List of contributors Partner 1 FSU
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In the middle of the river basins,
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to provide water to the urban area,
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References BAYERISCHES LANDESAMT F
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Content Introduction ..............
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echarge dynamics was chosen as the
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They are shown in Fig. 8.1 and 8.2
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Fig. 3: Average modeled water balan
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6 Conclusions for IWRM The applicat
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Krause, P., Bende-Michl, U., Bäse,
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B Surface runoff CLASS VALUE FROM V
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D Baseflow CLASS VALUE FROM VALUE T
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21% 9% 7% WRRU class distribution U
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WP 5 Analysis of present IWRM practices - Brahmatwinn

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