WP 5 Analysis of present IWRM practices - Brahmatwinn

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Content Deliverable 5.1: Urban and industrial water demands and water quality issues Deliverable 5.2: Flow depending water allocation Deliverable 5.3: Water consumers and polluters Deliverable 5.4: Irrigation agriculture, fertilization, and crop pattern Deliverable 5.5: Groundwater recharge pattern, quality and exploitation Deliverable 5.6: Enhancement of HRU into WRRU 2
Summary The twinning Upper Danube River basin in Europe and the Upper Brahmaputra River Basin in South- Asia are representative in a global perspective for trans-boundary basins having alpine mountain headwaters and supplying their forelands with water resources to sustain food production, the socioeconomic development and the environment. Millions of people in both basins depend on fresh water of high quality and sufficient quantity. In comparison both rivers can cause hazards and endanger human life, houses and infrastructure due to floods and droughts. Investigations on climate change indicate that the risk of incidence of natural hazards will increase in the future, so adaptive water management activities are required. One objective of the BRAHMATWINN project is the transfer of professional Integrated Water Resources Management expertise, approaches and tools based on case studies carried out in the European and Asian river basins. Therefore a comprehensive analysis of the present situation in respect to water resources management was essential. The Global Water Partnership (GWP) defines IWRM as “a process which promotes the co-ordinated development and management of water, land and related resources in order to maximize the resultant economic and social welfare in an equitable manner without compromising the sustainability of vital ecosystems” (GWP 2008). Related to the glacier retreat and their alpine conditions the twinning basins have numerous consequent issues in common: • Runoff regimes range from glacial-nival to pluvial with snow and glacier melt driving flood hydrographs during spring till early summer and establishing base flow during summer. • Glacier lake outburst floods (GLOFs) and floods from storm rainfall as well as summer droughts, are typical hydrological threats to the livelihoods of people. • The role of ground ice (i.e. ice-rich permafrost) in the hydrological cycle is largely unknown. Permafrost melt could for a limited time release additional water resources (similar to retreating glaciers). On the long-term, however, potentially adverse effects from permafrost thaw such as slope instability processes and changes in the sediment balance will certainly predominate. • Retreating glaciers and permafrost are exposing uncovered land to erosion and reduce slope stabilities in favor of landslides and mud flows. • Water quality is deteriorated by urban and industrial point sources as well as by non-point seepage from agriculture. • Hydropower potential is high and competes with demands from other water users and the environment. • The alpine mountain environment of both basins is unique and needs water for protection and preservation. • Present climate change impacts are likely to exaggerate during the forthcoming years complemented by consequent others processes not evident at present. • IWRM related trans-boundary conflicts and water related disputes are existing and are in part linked to national water management and water export law and policies. Besides those common topics both basins also differ in other issues requiring the adaptation of the IWRM tools for the IWRMS provided by the partners: • Present climate is of an oceanic temperate type in the UDRB and monsoonal with complement pre-monsoon storm rainfall in the UBRB. • The monitoring network is dense in the UDRB, while UBRB has less dense network, in UBRB the information will be complemented from remote sensing data; 3
Page 1: Project no: GOCE -036952 Project ac
Page 5 and 6: (approx. 55%) of the usable water r
Page 7 and 8: • In the UDRB substantial progres
Page 9 and 10: Project no: GOCE -036952 Project ac
Page 11 and 12: Directory of figures Fig. 1: Water
Page 13 and 14: In the Austrian part live aproximat
Page 15 and 16: 2.1 Public water supply The public
Page 17 and 18: amounts 90 Mio.m 3 (BUNDESMINISTERI
Page 19 and 20: • Transboundary conflicts and tre
Page 21 and 22: populated uplands and the densely p
Page 23 and 24: Tab. 4: Water resources and utiliza
Page 25 and 26: TAR has the lowest per capita indus
Page 27 and 28: Tab. 7: River water quality and was
Page 29 and 30: • Haihe River Water Resources Com
Page 31 and 32: area. The vibrant construction indu
Page 33 and 34: ) new settlements: where a rural wa
Page 35 and 36: Urbanization is also affecting the
Page 37 and 38: ) to enhance the reasonable sharing
Page 39 and 40: the lean flow of 304 cubic meters p
Page 41 and 42: IWMI (2005): Spatial Variation in W
Page 43 and 44: List of contributors Partner 1 FSU
Page 45 and 46: 1 Introduction IWRM in a trans-boun
Page 47 and 48: Danube region in comparison to the
Page 49 and 50: German Meteorological Service. The
Page 51 and 52: 2.1.4 Management in the Salzach bas
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Fig. 9: Salzach former (above) and
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iverbed sinking. The sinking of the
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3 Water distribution strategies and
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The drainage area of the Yarlung Ts
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the basin underlain by permafrost r
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Other strategies: remove masses of
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The few that have been recorded in
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and an increase in intense rainfall
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A practicable judicious combination
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arrangements existed prior to the e
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Discharge in m3/s 5000 4500 4000 35
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Project no: GOCE -036952 Project ac
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Directory of figures Fig. 1: Non po
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Waste water discharges back through
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In the table is shown that nitrogen
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ate alone controls how fast (or slo
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Population in millions 45 40 35 30
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Fig. 5: 1991 - 2080 Tehsil wise pop
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3.2 Trends in Population Growth: Bh
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Tab. 6: Urban population projection
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Major water user in Bhutan is the p
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The Public Health Engineering Divis
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Percent 4 3,5 3 2,5 2 1,5 1 0,5 0 -
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Fig. 11: District population distri
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and approval. The statement assesse
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Project no: GOCE -036952 Project ac
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Directory of figures Fig. 1: Irriga
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Example of government aid for susta
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In Lhasa Gravity Irrigation is main
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36, Wuqi Duilongqu, the branch of L
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These problems have led to a very l
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The National Irrigation Policy was
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pesticides are effective when used
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• Region of Applicability of Resu
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up at Rs. 3.19 Crore for a target o
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References BAYRISCHER OBERSTER RECH
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List of contributors Partner 1 FSU
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In the middle of the river basins,
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to provide water to the urban area,
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References BAYERISCHES LANDESAMT F
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Content Introduction ..............
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echarge dynamics was chosen as the
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They are shown in Fig. 8.1 and 8.2
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Fig. 3: Average modeled water balan
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6 Conclusions for IWRM The applicat
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Krause, P., Bende-Michl, U., Bäse,
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B Surface runoff CLASS VALUE FROM V
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D Baseflow CLASS VALUE FROM VALUE T
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21% 9% 7% WRRU class distribution U
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WP 5 Analysis of present IWRM practices - Brahmatwinn

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