WP 5 Analysis of present IWRM practices - Brahmatwinn

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This is the major reason why a trans-boundary water management does not exist in the Brahmaputra river basin. Comparison of selected macro-scale river basins Danube and Brahmaputra Issue Danube Brahmaputra Population Approx. 14 mio. Approx. 100 mio. Basin area 77.000 km 2 >500.000 km 2 River structure Strongly human modified Natural river course floods Due to snow melt and precipitation Due to snow melt, precipitation and GLOFs droughts - In non-monsoon period Water quality Drinking water is strictly controlled Pollution problems, particularly in India (e.g. Arsen) Transboundary water management ICPDR as superior authority Only bilateral agreements Communication Good, in ICPDR representatives of all riparian states close cooperating IWRM In progress (in form of implementation of EU WFD) Coverage climate/ discharge stations Good density for monitoring and projection, long time series since 1900 6 Worst, high conflict potential between up- and downstream countries Has not yet started Poor coverage, especially in Tibet, limited data access (classified) Sanitary services Good coverage Poor coverage, particularly in rural areas and in respect to canalization and treatment, drinking water supply good in Bhutan, very poor in India Mayor water users 1. Public water supply 2. Industrial water use 3. Hydropower River linking projects Main- Danube channel to avoid water scarcity in northern Bavaria, well organized 1. Agricultural water use 2. Hydropower 3. Public water supply Different water diversion plans within the countries (e.g. India and Tibet) without considering doubts and worries by neighbor states In brief overview both basins have a history in trans-boundary issues and disputes, but IWRM in the past has developed differently:
• In the UDRB substantial progress has been achieved through the implementation of the 1994 Convention on Cooperation for the Protection and Sustainable Use of the River Danube, which among others established the International Commission for the Protection of the Danube River (ICPDR). The ICPDR has recently secured agreement from all Danube States to act as the competent authority for transposing the 2000 European Water Framework Directive (WFD) at the basin level. The GLOWA-Danube project for the UDRB was initiated in 2000 and has produced the DANUBIA hydrological model to be applied at the UBRB. • In the UBRB negotiations have not yet reached the stage of a basin oriented and consistent IWRM related cooperation (MAKKONEN, 2003). Bilateral cooperation however is ongoing, i.e. between India and Bhutan, and there is hope that this situation will improve towards enhanced co-operation in the future (GWP, 2004). A superior organization responsible for water resources management in the entire basin like the ICPDR in Europe is still missing and has to be implemented. In the basin not yet the entire population has access to drinking water in sufficient quantity and quality. There exist still problems in respect to fresh water supply and the management of hazards like floods and droughts and environmental problems. But in the last years, awareness for the problematic situation has raised. In the presented countries the institutional framework was adapted and has established first requirements for an IWRM approach. The Deliverables carried out in the work package 5 of the BRAHMATWINN project show how IWRM is implemented in the twinning European and South Asian River Basins. Deliverable 5.1 has its focus on urban and industrial water demands and water quality issues. Major water users in the basin were identified and an overview of management activities in these sectors is given. Deliverable 5.2 displays flow depending water allocation practices and has its focus on flood management. Deliverable 5.3 indentifies major water consumers and polluters. Water pollution problems and impacts on natural environment and human dimension were described briefly. Deliverable 5.4 focuses on agricultural water management, especially on irrigation agriculture. Irrigation agriculture plays a major role in the Brahmaputra basin and is not significant in the Upper Danube River basin. Deliverable 5.5 gives an overview to the groundwater resources in the twinning basins, how they were used and how it is endangered due to pollution and over exploitation. Deliverable 5.6 shows the delineation of the WRRUs, which are homogeneous entities based on runoff information and land use. 7
Page 1 and 2: Project no: GOCE -036952 Project ac
Page 3 and 4: Summary The twinning Upper Danube R
Page 5: (approx. 55%) of the usable water r
Page 9 and 10: Project no: GOCE -036952 Project ac
Page 11 and 12: Directory of figures Fig. 1: Water
Page 13 and 14: In the Austrian part live aproximat
Page 15 and 16: 2.1 Public water supply The public
Page 17 and 18: amounts 90 Mio.m 3 (BUNDESMINISTERI
Page 19 and 20: • Transboundary conflicts and tre
Page 21 and 22: populated uplands and the densely p
Page 23 and 24: Tab. 4: Water resources and utiliza
Page 25 and 26: TAR has the lowest per capita indus
Page 27 and 28: Tab. 7: River water quality and was
Page 29 and 30: • Haihe River Water Resources Com
Page 31 and 32: area. The vibrant construction indu
Page 33 and 34: ) new settlements: where a rural wa
Page 35 and 36: Urbanization is also affecting the
Page 37 and 38: ) to enhance the reasonable sharing
Page 39 and 40: the lean flow of 304 cubic meters p
Page 41 and 42: IWMI (2005): Spatial Variation in W
Page 43 and 44: List of contributors Partner 1 FSU
Page 45 and 46: 1 Introduction IWRM in a trans-boun
Page 47 and 48: Danube region in comparison to the
Page 49 and 50: German Meteorological Service. The
Page 51 and 52: 2.1.4 Management in the Salzach bas
Page 53 and 54: Fig. 9: Salzach former (above) and
Page 55 and 56: iverbed sinking. The sinking of the
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3 Water distribution strategies and
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The drainage area of the Yarlung Ts
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the basin underlain by permafrost r
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Other strategies: remove masses of
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The few that have been recorded in
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and an increase in intense rainfall
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A practicable judicious combination
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arrangements existed prior to the e
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Discharge in m3/s 5000 4500 4000 35
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Project no: GOCE -036952 Project ac
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Directory of figures Fig. 1: Non po
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Waste water discharges back through
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In the table is shown that nitrogen
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ate alone controls how fast (or slo
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Population in millions 45 40 35 30
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Fig. 5: 1991 - 2080 Tehsil wise pop
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3.2 Trends in Population Growth: Bh
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Tab. 6: Urban population projection
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Major water user in Bhutan is the p
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The Public Health Engineering Divis
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Percent 4 3,5 3 2,5 2 1,5 1 0,5 0 -
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Fig. 11: District population distri
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and approval. The statement assesse
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Project no: GOCE -036952 Project ac
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Directory of figures Fig. 1: Irriga
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Example of government aid for susta
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In Lhasa Gravity Irrigation is main
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36, Wuqi Duilongqu, the branch of L
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These problems have led to a very l
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The National Irrigation Policy was
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pesticides are effective when used
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• Region of Applicability of Resu
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up at Rs. 3.19 Crore for a target o
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References BAYRISCHER OBERSTER RECH
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List of contributors Partner 1 FSU
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In the middle of the river basins,
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to provide water to the urban area,
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References BAYERISCHES LANDESAMT F
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Content Introduction ..............
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echarge dynamics was chosen as the
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They are shown in Fig. 8.1 and 8.2
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Fig. 3: Average modeled water balan
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6 Conclusions for IWRM The applicat
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Krause, P., Bende-Michl, U., Bäse,
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B Surface runoff CLASS VALUE FROM V
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D Baseflow CLASS VALUE FROM VALUE T
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21% 9% 7% WRRU class distribution U
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WP 5 Analysis of present IWRM practices - Brahmatwinn

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