A Grammar of Mishnaic Hebrew

THE NOUN 99
also found in BH. A number of BH nouns have disappeared in
MH, especially nouns of a poetical cTiaracter or of rare occurrence
in BH, though common in Aram. (e.g. '^'•ya, D^a, &c.). The
new MH nouns are usually formed from BH roots, or from old
Hebrew roots not found in BH. Many of these MH nouns occur
also in Aram., just as many old BH nouns occur in Aram. But
the majority of such nouns are native in MH.
219. Even Aram, loan-words usually receive a- Hebraic form,
like J^"?, nil This has also happened in the case of a
number of Gk. and Latin nouns, e.g. n^bo^K crroXi}, Yo. vii. i;
Sab. viii. i; T)^bpp puapyapiryi^, Ab. vi. 9; 1^?
)8aXav€U9, S^bi. viii. 5; carrus, *AZ v. 4; ^^J^MN f^o?. Dam.
iii. I, &c.*
MH also follows BH in the other grammatical changes of the
noun, viz. in the formation of the feminine (§§277 ff.); the plural
(§§ 281 ff.); the dual (more frequent in MH than in BH, § 293);
the construct state (§ 380), and the use of the noun with pronominal
suffixes.
Foi- the forms of nouns derived from Greek and Latin cf.
Albrecht, § 82.
2. Formation of Nouns.
(i) Nouns derivedfrom the Simple Stem.
(i) Ground-form Qail, Qitl, Qutl
220. (p) Qatl Strong Verb. Concrete: i'iJ'J date-tree. Pea iv. i;
manure, BM v. 7; mattock, j. Be. i. 2; 15^33 preserves,
Ter. ii. 6 ; felt, Kil. ix. 8; pHD slit. Pes. iii. 2; H?. partition,
Kel. viii. 6 ; ^9*3 hot ashes, Neg. ix. i. With guttural in second
or third radical: tin, Kel. xxx. 3 ; "ina jetty. Oh. viii. 2; HPIK^
fodder, Pea ii. i ; VP?, cleft, Kil. v. 4 ; n^p stalk, Pea iii. 3 ; n?K^
improvement, M§ ii. I.
> Cf. Krauss, i, %% 326 ff.; Albrecht, % %i g-h.