A Grammar of Mishnaic Hebrew

i6o SYNTAX
BM i. 3; n^^V^, 30^0 Meg. 21 a, in a riding, standing, sitting
posture, contrasted with the active forms 3311, HDiy, 3l5^iV
333. These participles, viz. the passive of Qal, and the parti­
ciples of Pu'al and Hoph'al, describe a more or less permanent
state as the result of a verbal action. They thus differ from the
participles of the corresponding reflexive-passive stems, which
describe the verbal action as in the process of being performed.
Thus n^tDS free, Sab. ii. 5; ^ M i n who frees himself—departs,
MQ 29a; n^ne? consumptive; ^n^? wasting away, Sifra i i i c ;
i^Oip cleared away; D^"}J(|np being cleared away, MS. v. 6;
pnfe^^yD tithed (adjective); P?T?09 are tithed, Dam. iv. i; ii. i ;
3JinD having an obligation, RH iv. 8; 3?nnp incurring guilt,
Ab. iii. 9; n3iy» and naynp t. Ta'a. ii. 7.
334. The passive partic. sometimes has the significance of the
Latin gerundive (cf. Ges.-K., § ii6e): S ^ D - "^^^ ^^^^ is
be stoned, Qid. ii. 9 ; nbriK^pn n^yk' the goat that is to be sent
away, Yo. vi. i; P?^l?33n olives that are to be crushed;
nb-jnan D^ajy grapes that are to be trodden, Ter. i. 8; D n a
n^p-imn bulls that are to be burnt, Yo. vi. 7; pnoitDn b all that
are to be put to death, San. vi. 2}
335. The active partic. Qal is sometimes found in a middle
sense which is equivalent to an English passive: HiJ^ilD nion
a loading—loaded ass, RM v. 4; ^Ignis unloading—unloaded,
ib. vii. 4; py^ip cut (ears of corn), Ma'a. i. 6; V^^^^ pouring
out—to be poured out, i.e. ill-smelling liquid. Sab. viii. i.
336. The passive partic. Qal, being almost equivalent to an
adjective, is found in an active sense in a few intransitive and
transitive verbs. So already in BH, Ges.-K., § 5of; also in
Aram., and especially in Syriac, Noldeke, Syr. Gr., § 280;
Mand. Gr., § 380.
* The other examples cited by Albrecht, % 107 m, do not belong to this
category.